Power change-over switch
By designing power switching switches including drivers, multiple branches and isolated branches, using a circuit combining series and parallel structures, and using high-performance inductors and capacitors, the problems of large plug-in loss and low isolation in the prior art are solved, and the problem of high plug-in loss and low isolation in the existing technology is realized. Power switching switches with low insertion loss and high isolation are suitable for different application needs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420081370.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-01-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing power switching switches meet high power conditions and have large plug-in losses, resulting in a reduced radar output power and an increased heat dissipation burden, while isolation and different application needs are not considered.
A power switching switch including a driver, multiple branches and at least one isolated branch is designed. The branch adopts a series feed inductor and diode structure. The isolated branch increases isolation through the diode cascade and introduces it into the circuit. Current limiting resistor, filter capacitor, direct blocking capacitor and grounding inductor, use quartz chip inductor and silicon-based chip capacitor to reduce plug-in loss, and the circuit board adopts an ALN thin film substrate to reduce plug-in loss of microstrip circuits.
It realizes a power switching switch with low insertion loss and high isolation, which is suitable for different application requirements. The branch insertion loss is less than 0.25dB under peak power conditions, the isolation is greater than 10dB, and the insertion loss is less than 0.4dB under continuous wave conditions, and the isolation is less than 0.4dB under continuous wave conditions. More than 30dB, improving radar efficiency and heat dissipation performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN222356346U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of radar, and more specifically, to a power switching switch. Background Art
[0002] Power switching switches are often used at the front end of radars to switch between transmit and receive or switch between working modes. The power switching switch needs to meet high power conditions while ensuring the switch's insertion loss and standing wave and other indicators. In the existing technology, under the power withstand conditions of 500W peak power, 3ms pulse width, and 30% duty cycle, within the working frequency band, the insertion loss of the power switching switch is greater than 0.4dB. The insertion loss of the power switching switch will directly reduce the output power of the radar and reduce the radar efficiency. At the same time, the heat loss caused by the switch insertion loss will increase the radar's heat dissipation burden. In addition, the power switching switch in the existing technology takes insertion loss into consideration, but does not take isolation into consideration, and does not take into account the different application requirements of radars. Utility Model Content
[0003] In response to one or more problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a power switching switch, including a driver, multiple branches and at least one isolation branch, the branch including a feeding inductor and a diode connected in series in sequence along the control end of the driver, one end of the feeding inductor is electrically connected to the control end, and the other end of the feeding inductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode, the voltage at the control end of the driver is greater than or less than the positive voltage of the diode, the diode is turned off or turned on, and the branch does not output or outputs; the isolation branch includes a diode electrically connected to the cathode of the diode of the branch and the output end of the branch, and at least one branch is electrically connected to at least one isolation branch.
[0004] Optionally, the branch further includes a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting circuit is connected in series between the driver and the feeding inductor.
[0005] Optionally, the branch further includes a filter capacitor, one end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected to one end of the feeding inductor, and the other end of the filter capacitor is grounded.
[0006] Optionally, the branch also includes a DC blocking capacitor, which is connected in series between the diode of the branch and the output end of the branch or between the diode of the isolation branch and the output end of the branch. Preferably, the DC blocking capacitor of at least one branch is a silicon-based chip capacitor. Preferably, the capacitance of the DC blocking capacitor is 22pF.
[0007] Optionally, it also includes a grounding inductor, one end of which is electrically connected to the anode of the diode of the branch or to the anode of the diode of the isolation branch, and the other end of the grounding inductor is grounded. Preferably, the grounding inductor of at least one branch is a quartz chip inductor. Further preferably, the inductance of the grounding inductor is 50nH.
[0008] Optionally, the feeding inductor of at least one branch is a quartz chip inductor, and preferably, the inductance of the feeding inductor is 50nH.
[0009] Optionally, the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode of at least one branch that is not electrically connected to the isolation branch is greater than or equal to 600V; the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode of at least one branch that is electrically connected to the isolation branch is greater than or equal to 600V.
[0010] Optionally, the power switching switch includes two branches and one isolation branch.
[0011] Optionally, the power switch includes a first branch, a second branch and an isolation branch, the first branch includes a first current limiting resistor, a first filter capacitor, a first feeding inductor, a first DC blocking capacitor and a first diode, one end of the first current limiting resistor is electrically connected to the first control end of the driver, the other end of the first current limiting resistor is electrically connected to one end of the first filter capacitor and one end of the first feeding inductor respectively, the other end of the first filter capacitor is grounded, the other end of the first feeding inductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and one end of the first DC blocking capacitor respectively, the other end of the first DC blocking capacitor is the output end of the first branch, and the anode of the first diode is grounded through the first grounding inductor; when the first control end of the driver outputs a positive voltage, the first diode is turned off, and the first branch does not output; when the first control end of the driver outputs a negative voltage, the first diode is turned on, and the first branch outputs; preferably, the above-mentioned positive voltage is 36V, and the above-mentioned negative voltage is -5V;
[0012] The second branch includes a second current limiting resistor, a second filter capacitor, a second feeding inductor, a second DC blocking capacitor and a second diode, and the isolation branch includes a third diode and a second grounding inductor. One end of the second current limiting resistor is electrically connected to the second control end of the driver, and the other end of the second current limiting resistor is respectively connected to one end of the second filter capacitor and one end of the second feeding inductor. The other end of the second filter capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the second feeding inductor is respectively connected to the cathode of the second diode and the cathode of the third diode. The anode of the second diode is grounded through the first grounding inductor, and the anode of the third diode is respectively connected to one end of the second grounding inductor and the second DC blocking capacitor. The other end of the second DC blocking capacitor is the output end of the second branch. When the second control end of the driver outputs a positive voltage, the second diode and the third diode are turned off, and the second branch does not output. When the second control end of the driver outputs a negative voltage, the second diode and the third diode are turned on, and the second branch outputs. Preferably, the above-mentioned positive voltage is 36V, and the above-mentioned negative voltage is -5V.
[0013] Optionally, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode is greater than or equal to 600V; the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode and the third diode is greater than or equal to 600V; the first feeding inductor, the second feeding inductor, the first grounding inductor and the second grounding inductor are all quartz chip inductors with an inductance of 50nH; the first DC blocking capacitor and the second DC blocking capacitor are silicon-based chip capacitors with a capacitance of 22pF; under the conditions of peak power of 500W, pulse width of 3ms and duty cycle of 30%, the insertion loss of the first branch is less than 0.25dB and the isolation is greater than 10dB; under the conditions of continuous wave of 50W, the insertion loss of the second branch is less than 0.4dB and the isolation is greater than 30dB.
[0014] Optionally, a circuit board is also included for electrical connection of the branch circuit, the isolation branch circuit and the driver. Preferably, the circuit board is an ALN thin film substrate.
[0015] The diode of the isolation branch of the power switching switch described in the utility model is cascaded with the diode of the electrically connected branch, which increases the isolation degree. The insertion loss of the branch not electrically connected to the isolation branch is lower than the insertion loss of the branch electrically connected to the isolation branch, so that the power switching switch has branches with different insertion losses and different isolation degrees, which can be suitable for different application requirements.
[0016] The power switching switch described in the utility model adopts a circuit form of a series and parallel combination structure, which has the advantages of low insertion loss and high isolation. Compared with the traditional single series structure circuit, the insertion loss is low, but at the same time its isolation is also low; if a single parallel type is selected, the isolation is better, but its insertion loss becomes higher; the utility model combines the advantages of the series structure and the parallel structure, and has the characteristics of low insertion loss and high isolation.
[0017] The inductor of the power switching switch described in the utility model adopts a quartz chip inductor, and the capacitor adopts a silicon-based chip capacitor. Compared with the chip inductor or spiral inductor and ceramic capacitor in the prior art, the insertion loss in the working band is reduced. The circuit board adopts an ALN thin film substrate, which reduces the insertion loss of the microstrip circuit compared with ordinary PCB materials or alumina ceramic materials, while meeting the high thermal conductivity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] By referring to the following specific implementation contents and combining with the accompanying drawings, other purposes and results of the present invention will become more clear and easy to understand. In the accompanying drawings:
[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a circuit diagram of the power switching switch of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power switching switch of the utility model before copper coating;
[0021] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the power switching switch of the utility model after copper coating;
[0022] Among them: 1-driver, R1-first current limiting resistor, C3-first filter capacitor, L1-first feeding inductor, C1-first DC blocking capacitor, D1-first diode, L2-first grounding inductor, R2-second current limiting resistor, C4-second filter capacitor, L3-second feeding inductor, C2-second DC blocking capacitor, D2-second diode, D3-third diode, L4-second grounding inductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it is apparent that these embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details.
[0024] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0025] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the circuit diagram of the power switching switch of the utility model is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the power switching switch includes a driver 1, multiple branches and at least one isolation branch, the branch includes a feeding inductor and a diode connected in series in sequence along the control end of the driver, one end of the feeding inductor is electrically connected to the control end, and the other end of the feeding inductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode. The voltage at the control end of the driver is greater than or less than the positive voltage of the diode, the diode is turned off or turned on, and the branch does not output or outputs; the isolation branch includes a diode electrically connected to the cathode of the diode of the branch and the output end of the branch, at least one branch is electrically connected to at least one isolation branch, the diode of the isolation branch is cascaded with the diode of the branch electrically connected to it, so that the isolation degree is increased, and the insertion loss of the branch not electrically connected to the isolation branch is lower than the insertion loss of the branch electrically connected to the isolation branch, so that the power switching switch has branches with different insertion losses and different isolation degrees, which can be suitable for different application requirements.
[0026] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the branch also includes a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting circuit is connected in series between the driver and the feeding inductor.
[0027] In one embodiment, the branch further includes a filter capacitor, one end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected to one end of the feed inductor, and the other end of the filter capacitor is grounded.
[0028] In one embodiment, the branch further includes a DC blocking capacitor connected in series between the diode of the branch and the output end of the branch or connected in series between the diode of the isolation branch and the output end of the branch.
[0029] In one embodiment, a grounding inductor is further included, one end of which is electrically connected to the anode of the diode of the branch or the anode of the diode of the isolation branch, and the other end of which is grounded to provide a low voltage to the anode of the diode.
[0030] In one embodiment, the feeding inductor of at least one branch is a quartz chip inductor, so that the insertion loss of the branch in the working band is 0.05 dB. Preferably, the inductance of the feeding inductor is 50 nH.
[0031] In one embodiment, the grounding inductor of the at least one branch is a quartz chip inductor, so that the insertion loss of the branch in the working band is 0.05 dB. Preferably, the inductance of the grounding inductor is 50 nH.
[0032] In one embodiment, the DC blocking capacitor of the at least one branch is a silicon-based chip capacitor, so that the insertion loss of the branch is 0.05dB within the working band. Preferably, the capacitance of the DC blocking capacitor is 22pF.
[0033] In one embodiment, the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode of at least one branch that is not electrically connected to the isolation branch is greater than or equal to 600V (for example: the reverse breakdown voltage is 600V, the on-resistance is 0.57Ω, and the junction capacitance is 0.27 pF); the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode of at least one branch that is electrically connected to the isolation branch is greater than or equal to 600V (for example: the reverse breakdown voltage is 600V, the on-resistance is 1.1Ω, and the junction capacitance is 0.14pF), so that each branch is within the working band and the tube core insertion loss is less than 0.1dB.
[0034] In one embodiment, the power switching switch includes two branches and an isolation branch.
[0035] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the first branch includes a first current limiting resistor R1, a first filter capacitor C3, a first feeding inductor L1, a first DC blocking capacitor C1 and a first diode D1, one end of the first current limiting resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first control end of the driver 1, the other end of the first current limiting resistor R1 is electrically connected to one end of the first filter capacitor C3 and one end of the first feeding inductor L1, the other end of the first filter capacitor C3 is grounded, the other end of the first feeding inductor L1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and one end of the first DC blocking capacitor C1, the other end of the first DC blocking capacitor C1 is the output end of the first branch, and the anode of the first diode D1 is grounded through the first grounding inductor L2; when the first control end of the driver 1 outputs a positive voltage, the first diode D1 is turned off, and the first branch does not output, when the first control end of the driver 1 outputs a negative voltage, the first diode D1 is turned on, and the first branch outputs, preferably, the above-mentioned positive voltage is 36V, and the above-mentioned negative voltage is -5V;
[0036] The second branch includes a second current limiting resistor R2, a second filter capacitor C4, a second feed inductor L3, a second DC blocking capacitor C2 and a second diode D2, the isolation branch includes a third diode D3 and a second grounding inductor L4, one end of the second current limiting resistor R2 is electrically connected to the second control end of the driver 1, the other end of the second current limiting resistor R2 is respectively connected to one end of the second filter capacitor C4 and one end of the second feed inductor L3, the other end of the second filter capacitor C4 is grounded, and the other end of the second feed inductor L3 is respectively connected to the cathode of the second diode D2 and the cathode of the third diode D3. The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the ground through the first grounding inductor L2, the anode of the third diode D3 is respectively connected to the second grounding inductor L4 and one end of the second DC blocking capacitor C2, and the other end of the second DC blocking capacitor C2 is the output end of the second branch; when the second control end of the driver 1 outputs a positive voltage, the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 are turned off, and the second branch does not output; when the second control end of the driver 1 outputs a negative voltage, the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 are turned on, and the second branch outputs, preferably, the above-mentioned positive voltage is 36V, and the above-mentioned negative voltage is -5V.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode D1 is greater than or equal to (for example, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode D1 is 600V, the on-resistance is 0.57Ω, and the junction capacitance is 0.27 pF), and the core insertion loss is less than 0.1dB in the working band. The reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 is greater than or equal to 600V (for example, the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 is greater than or equal to 600V, the on-resistance is 1.1Ω, and the junction capacitance is 0.14Pf), and the first feeding inductor L1, the second feeding inductor L3, the first grounding inductor L2, and the second grounding inductor L4 are all quartz chip inductors with an inductance of 50nH. In the working band, the insertion loss is 0.05dB. The first DC blocking capacitor C1 and the second DC blocking capacitor C2 are silicon-based chip capacitors with a capacitance of 22pF. In the working band, the insertion loss is less than 0.05 dB. Under the conditions of peak power of 500W, pulse width of 3ms, and duty cycle of 30%, the insertion loss of the first branch is less than 0.25dB, and the isolation requirement is greater than 10dB, which is suitable for radar pulse power amplifiers. Under the conditions of continuous wave of 50W, the insertion loss of the second branch is less than 0.4dB, and the isolation is greater than 30dB, which is suitable for communication continuous wave power amplifiers, so the power switching switch is suitable for S-band high-power switching switches.
[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power switching switch of the utility model before copper coating. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power switching switch of the utility model after copper coating, as shown Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the power switching switch also includes a circuit board, which is used for electrical connection of various electrical components of the power switching switch.
[0039] In order to reduce the insertion loss of the microstrip circuit and meet the high thermal conductivity requirement, preferably, the circuit board is an ALN thin film substrate.
[0040] In one embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first diode D1 and the first DC blocking capacitor C1 output branch of the first branch are located on one side of the circuit board, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the second DC blocking capacitor C2 of the second branch electrically connected to the isolation branch are also located on one side of the circuit board, and the other components of the first branch and the driver are arranged on the other side of the circuit board. The structure is compact and conducive to miniaturization. In addition, the AC and DC are separated to reduce interference and have a high degree of stability.
[0041] Preferably, the power switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, which consists of a moving end and a fixed end. The moving end is controlled by a driver 1, and the fixed end is connected to a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, and is grounded through a first grounding inductor L2. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first diode D1 and the first DC blocking capacitor C1 of the first branch, the fixed end and the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the second DC blocking capacitor C2 of the second branch are located on one side of the circuit board, the second grounding inductor L4 and the second feeding inductor L3 of the second branch, the first grounding inductor L2 of the fixed end and the first feeding inductor L1 of the first branch are arranged in the middle, and the driver 1, the second current limiting resistor R2 and the second filter capacitor C4 of the second branch and the first current limiting resistor R1 and the first filter capacitor C3 of the first branch are located on the other side of the circuit board, so that the structure is more compact and electromagnetic interference is reduced.
[0042] Preferably, the first diode D1 and the first DC blocking capacitor C1 of the first branch are connected by microstrip, and the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 of the second branch are connected by microstrip. The fixed end, all components and the ground end are covered with copper to reduce impedance and noise without excessive copper covering and excessive copper fragments.
[0043] Although the above disclosed content shows exemplary embodiments of the utility model, it should be noted that, without departing from the scope defined in the claims, various changes and modifications may be made. In addition, although the elements of the utility model may be described or required in individual form, it is also conceivable to have multiple elements, unless explicitly limited to a single element.
Claims
1. A power switching switch, characterized in that: It includes a driver, multiple branches and at least one isolation branch, wherein the branch includes a feeding inductor and a diode connected in series in sequence along the control end of the driver, one end of the feeding inductor is electrically connected to the control end, and the other end of the feeding inductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode. When the voltage at the control end of the driver is greater than or less than the anode voltage of the diode, the diode is turned off or turned on, and the branch does not output or outputs; the isolation branch includes a diode electrically connected to the cathode of the diode of the branch and the output end of the branch, and at least one branch is electrically connected to at least one isolation branch.
2. The power switching switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch also includes a DC blocking capacitor connected in series between the diode of the branch and the output end of the branch or connected in series between the diode of the isolation branch and the output end of the branch.
3. The power switching switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DC blocking capacitor of at least one branch is a silicon-based chip capacitor.
4. The power switching switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a grounding inductor, one end of which is electrically connected to the anode of the diode of the branch or to the anode of the diode of the isolation branch, and the other end of which is grounded. The grounding inductor of at least one branch is a quartz chip inductor.
5. The power switching switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding inductor of at least one branch is a quartz chip inductor.
6. The power switching switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse breakdown voltage of the diode of at least one branch that is not electrically connected to the isolation branch is greater than or equal to 600V; the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode of at least one branch that is electrically connected to the isolation branch is greater than or equal to 600V.
7. The power switching switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power switching switch includes two branches and an isolation branch.
8. The power switching switch according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power switch includes a first branch, a second branch and an isolation branch, the first branch includes a first current limiting resistor, a first filter capacitor, a first feeding inductor, a first DC blocking capacitor and a first diode, one end of the first current limiting resistor is electrically connected to the first control end of the driver, the other end of the first current limiting resistor is electrically connected to one end of the first filter capacitor and one end of the first feeding inductor respectively, the other end of the first filter capacitor is grounded, the other end of the first feeding inductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and one end of the first DC blocking capacitor respectively, the other end of the first DC blocking capacitor is the output end of the first branch, and the anode of the first diode is grounded through the first grounding inductor; when the first control end of the driver outputs a positive voltage, the first diode is turned off, and the first branch does not output, when the first control end of the driver outputs a negative voltage, the first diode is turned on, and the first branch outputs; The second branch includes a second current limiting resistor, a second filter capacitor, a second feeding inductor, a second DC blocking capacitor and a second diode, and the isolation branch includes a third diode and a second grounding inductor. One end of the second current limiting resistor is electrically connected to the second control end of the driver, and the other end of the second current limiting resistor is respectively connected to one end of the second filter capacitor and one end of the second feeding inductor. The other end of the second filter capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the second feeding inductor is respectively connected to the cathode of the second diode and the cathode of the third diode. The anode of the second diode is grounded through the first grounding inductor, and the anode of the third diode is respectively connected to one end of the second grounding inductor and the second DC blocking capacitor. The other end of the second DC blocking capacitor is the output end of the second branch. When the second control end of the driver outputs a positive voltage, the second diode and the third diode are turned off, and the second branch does not output. When the second control end of the driver outputs a negative voltage, the second diode and the third diode are turned on, and the second branch outputs.
9. The power switching switch according to claim 8, characterized in that: The positive voltage is 36V, and the negative voltage is -5V.
10. The power switching switch according to claim 8, characterized in that: The reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode is greater than or equal to 600V; the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode and the third diode is greater than or equal to 600V; the first feeding inductor, the second feeding inductor, the first grounding inductor and the second grounding inductor are all quartz chip inductors with an inductance of 50nH; the first DC blocking capacitor and the second DC blocking capacitor are silicon-based chip capacitors with a capacitance of 22pF.