Self-centering clamp for stepped shaft machining

Abstract

The utility model relates to a self-centering clamp for stepped shaft machining, which comprises a mounting shell, a plurality of positioning grooves are respectively circumferentially formed in the upper end and the lower end of the mounting shell in a penetrating manner, a plurality of driving grooves I are circumferentially formed in the side end face of the mounting shell in a penetrating manner, and a follow-up disc is coaxially arranged in the mounting shell. A plurality of driven rods with the center axially horizontal are fixedly connected to the side end face of the follow-up disc in the circumferential direction and inserted into the corresponding driving grooves I. A plurality of driving grooves II are formed in the follow-up disc in a penetrating mode in the circumferential direction, meanwhile, a follow-up rod in the vertical axial direction is inserted into the driving grooves II, and abutting pieces are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the follow-up rods. The upper axial end and the lower axial end of each follow-up rod are inserted into the positioning grooves in the corresponding positions respectively. Therefore, the device can synchronously force the multiple abutting pieces to move in the direction of the central axis of the mounting shell in the downward movement process of the mounting shell, and the self-centering clamping and fixing effect on the stepped shaft is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of clamps for machining stepped shafts, in particular to a self-centering clamp for machining stepped shafts. Background Art

[0002] A stepped shaft is a shaft part with multiple diameters. The stepped shaft can use shoulders of different sizes to simultaneously complete the coaxial fixation of multiple parts.

[0003] After the initial processing, that is, the general shape is formed, the stepped shaft needs to be further refined, such as heat treatment, grinding, and drilling.

[0004] For some processing techniques, it is necessary to keep the central axis of the stepped shaft vertical so as to facilitate the processing of the shoulder of the stepped shaft. When the prior art device fixes the end of the stepped shaft to ensure that the central axis of the stepped shaft is vertical, the feeding mechanism (i.e., the displacement mechanism) is generally separated from the corresponding fixing mechanism, that is, the stepped shaft is moved first and then fixed.

[0005] Although the segmented operation makes the overall device more replaceable, it takes longer to operate and the operator is more likely to make mistakes. Therefore, we believe that a self-centering fixture for step shaft processing is needed that can complete movement and fixation simultaneously, reduce operation time and the probability of wrong operation. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model proposes a self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts, which has the advantages of reducing operation time and the probability of misoperation, and solves the shortcomings of the prior art devices of long segmented operation processing time and high probability of misoperation.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A self-centering fixture for machining a stepped shaft comprises a mounting shell, wherein the mounting shell has a plurality of positioning grooves respectively circumferentially penetrated at the upper and lower ends thereof, a plurality of driving grooves I are circumferentially penetrated at the side end surface of the mounting shell, and the two ends of each driving groove I are not in the same vertical plane, a follower plate is coaxially arranged inside the mounting shell, a plurality of driven rods with a central axial level are circumferentially fixedly connected to the side end surface of the follower plate, the plurality of driven rods correspond one-to-one to the plurality of driving grooves I, and each driven rod is inserted into the driving groove I at a corresponding position, a plurality of driving grooves II are circumferentially penetrated on the follower plate, the plurality of driving grooves II correspond one-to-one to the plurality of positioning grooves, and the distances between the two ends of each driving groove II and the central axis of the follower plate are unequal, an upper and lower axial follower rod is inserted into each driving groove II, an abutment is fixedly connected to the outer side of each follower rod, and the upper and lower axial ends of each follower rod are respectively inserted into the positioning grooves at the corresponding positions, a support plate is movably connected to the lower end of the mounting shell, and upper and lower axial screws are screwed on the support plate, and the screw is rotatably connected to the follower plate.

[0009] Preferably, the upper end of the support plate is circumferentially fixed with a plurality of upper and lower axial limit rods, a compression spring is sleeved on the outer side of the limit rod, a through hole is opened at the lower end of the mounting shell for the limit rod, the limit rod is inserted into the through hole, and the two axial ends of the compression spring are respectively abutted against the support plate and the mounting shell.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of mating plates are circumferentially fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting shell, the plurality of mating plates correspond one to one to the plurality of limit rods, through holes are penetrated through the mating plates, a limit nut I is threadedly connected to the upper end of each limit rod, and the lower end face of the limit nut I abuts against the mating plate.

[0011] Preferably, each of the abutment members comprises a positioning rod fixedly connected to the follower rod, and a compensating member made of rubber is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning rod close to the central axis of the follower disk.

[0012] Preferably, an external thread is provided on the outer side of each follower rod, and the upper and lower axial ends of the follower rod are respectively screwed with a limit nut II through the external thread, and the limit nut II is located on the outer side of the mounting shell.

[0013] Preferably, each follower rod and each driven rod is sleeved with a sleeve on the outside, the sleeve on the follower rod is inserted into the positioning groove and the driving groove II, and the sleeve on the driven rod is inserted into the driving groove I.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The utility model fully considers the requirements of the processing position and placement position of the stepped shaft during the processing, and utilizes the driving groove Ⅰ and the driving wipe 2 in conjunction with the driven plate and the driven rod, so that the stepped shaft can be clamped and fixed synchronously during the downward movement of the mounting shell. This makes it easy for the operator to complete the processing at a comfortable distance, and can effectively reduce the operation time and reduce the production cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the installation shell of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the follower plate and the follower rod of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the follower rod and the abutment member of the utility model.

[0020] In the figure: 1. stepped shaft; 2. follower rod; 3. mounting housing; 4. positioning groove; 5. driving groove I; 6. driven rod; 7. limit nut I; 8. limit rod; 9. compression spring; 10. screw rod; 11. support plate; 12. follower plate; 13. driving groove II; 14. positioning rod; 15. compensation piece; 16. limit nut II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1-4 A self-centering fixture for machining a stepped shaft comprises a mounting shell 3, the upper end of the mounting shell 3 is an open structure, and the stepped shaft 1 can be inserted into the interior of the mounting shell 3 from above the mounting shell 3.

[0024] Therefore, the device is provided with a plurality of abutments in the circumferential direction inside the mounting shell 3, and the stepped shaft 1 is located between the plurality of abutments. At this time, the stepped shaft 1 can be clamped and positioned only by moving the positions of the abutments.

[0025] Moreover, in practice, if the distances between multiple abutments and the central axis of the mounting shell 3 are controlled to be equal, and the multiple abutments are kept moving synchronously toward the central axis of the mounting shell 3, the abutments can be used to clamp and fix the stepped shaft 1 while ensuring that the stepped shaft 1 is coaxial with the mounting shell 3, thereby facilitating processing.

[0026] Specifically, the device is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves 4 circumferentially penetrating the upper and lower ends of the mounting shell 3, and a plurality of follower rods 2 are arranged inside the mounting shell 3 to constrain the follower rods 2 to correspond one-to-one with the positioning grooves 4. At the same time, the follower rods 2 are fixedly connected to the abutment members, which can ensure that under the constraints of the follower rods 2 and the positioning grooves 4, the abutment members can only move toward the central axis of the mounting shell 3, thereby achieving the effect of clamping and positioning the stepped shaft 1.

[0027] At the same time, the device is also coaxially arranged with a follower disk 12 inside the mounting shell 3, and a plurality of drive grooves II 13 are circumferentially opened on the follower disk 12, and the distances between the two ends of each drive groove II 13 and the central axis of the follower disk 12 are not equal. A follower rod 2 is inserted in the interior of each drive groove II 13 in an upper and lower axial direction. At this time, only the constraining abutment member needs to be fixedly connected to the follower rod 2, and the constraining effect of the positioning groove 4 on the follower rod 2 is combined. Then, during the rotation of the follower disk 12, the distance between the follower rod 2 and the central axis of the mounting shell 3 can be changed by changing the abutment position of the follower rod 2 and the follower disk 12, thereby achieving the effect of multiple follower rods 2 moving synchronously toward the central axial direction of the mounting shell 3.

[0028] Furthermore, the device is provided with an external thread on the outside of each follower rod 2, and the upper and lower axial ends of the follower rod 2 are respectively screwed with a limit nut Ⅱ16 through the external thread, and the limit nut Ⅱ16 is located on the outside of the mounting shell 3. At this time, the limit nut Ⅱ16 can ensure that the follower rod 2 is always inserted into the positioning groove 4, avoiding the separation of the follower rod 2 and the positioning groove 4 due to gravity factors.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the actual processing, for the convenience of operation, the mounting housing 3 is generally raised first, so that the operator can insert the stepped shaft 1 into the inner cavity of the mounting housing 3, and then the mounting housing 3 is lowered. At this time, the other processing parts can process the mounting housing 3. This operation mode of first raising and then lowering can effectively ensure that the user can conveniently insert the stepped shaft 1 and the user can conveniently operate the other operating equipment, so that the operator can complete multiple operating steps at a fixed height, which can reduce the burden on the operator.

[0030] Therefore, in practice, the clamping and positioning of the stepped shaft 1 should be completed synchronously during the falling process of the installation housing 3, which can reduce the processing time.

[0031] Therefore, in order to reduce the complexity of the equipment and fully ensure that the follower disk 12 can be synchronously driven to rotate during the falling process of the mounting shell 3. The device is provided with multiple driving grooves Ⅰ5 in the circumferential direction of the side end surface of the mounting shell 3, and the two ends of each driving groove Ⅰ5 are not in the same vertical plane, and the side end surface of the follower disk 12 is circumferentially fixedly connected with multiple driven rods 6 with horizontal central axes, and the multiple driven rods 6 correspond to the multiple driving grooves Ⅰ5 one by one, and each driven rod 6 is inserted into the driving groove Ⅰ5 at the corresponding position. At this time, when the follower disk 12 performs a linear up and down motion relative to the mounting shell 3, and the mounting shell 3 cannot rotate, the follower disk 12 can rotate synchronously during the up and down motion to realize the clamping and fixing of the step shaft 1 by the abutment.

[0032] Specifically, the device is provided with a support plate 11 at the lower end of the mounting shell 3. In practice, the support plate 11 should be fixedly connected to the processing platform as a reference and remain stationary during the processing. Therefore, the device is circumferentially fixedly connected with a plurality of upper and lower axial limit rods 8 at the upper end of the support plate 11, and a through hole is opened at the lower end of the mounting shell 3 for the limit rod 8, and the limit rod 8 is constrained to be inserted into the through hole, so as to ensure that the mounting shell 3 cannot rotate by utilizing the constraint effect of the through hole on the limit rod 8.

[0033] At the same time, the device is provided with a compression spring 9 on the outside of the limit rod 8 to provide an upward pushing force for the installation shell 3. At this time, it is only necessary to ensure that the force required for the up and down movement of the follower plate 12 is less than the elastic force provided by the compression spring 9 for the installation shell 3 to achieve the relative movement between the follower plate 12 and the installation shell 3.

[0034] Furthermore, the device is circumferentially fixedly connected with a plurality of matching plates on the lower side of the mounting shell 3, and the plurality of matching plates correspond to the plurality of limiting rods 8 one by one, so through holes are formed through the matching plates. The upper end of each limiting rod 8 is threadedly connected with a limiting nut Ⅰ7, and the lower end surface of the limiting nut Ⅰ7 abuts against the matching plate to constrain the maximum height of the mounting shell 3, ensuring that the maximum height of the mounting shell 3 is convenient for the operator to operate.

[0035] Specifically, the device has an upper and lower axial screw 10 threadedly connected to the support plate 11, and the screw 10 is rotatably connected to the follower plate 12. At this time, it is only necessary to rotate the screw 10 and change the upper and lower heights of the screw 10 by using the threaded connection to provide the follower plate 12 with thrust for up and down movement.

[0036] It should be noted that in practice, there are many ways to provide driving force for the screw 10, which are common knowledge to those skilled in the art, for example, using a gear set in combination with a drive motor, or a pulley transmission, which will not be elaborated here.

[0037] Furthermore, the constrained abutment member of the device includes a positioning rod 14 fixedly connected to the follower rod 2, and a compensation member 15 made of rubber is fixedly connected to the positioning rod 14 on the side close to the central axis of the follower plate 12. The compensation member 15 can increase the effective area between the abutment member as a whole and the stepped shaft 1, and the friction resistance between the abutment member and the stepped shaft 1 can be fully improved by utilizing the properties of the rubber itself, thereby ensuring a stable clamping fixation between the two.

[0038] Furthermore, in order to fully reduce the frictional resistance between the follower plate 12 and the mounting housing 3 during the movement, it is ensured that the elastic force provided by the compression spring 9 can realize the relative movement between the follower plate 12 and the mounting housing 3. The device is provided with a sleeve on the outside of each follower rod 2 and each driven rod 6, the sleeve on the follower rod 2 is inserted into the positioning groove 4 and the driving groove II 13, and the sleeve on the driven rod 6 is inserted into the driving groove I 5, so that the frictional resistance is fully reduced by rotating the connection and reducing the contact point.

[0039] In actual use, the utility model:

[0040] First, the operator reverses the screw 10, and the screw 10 moves upward and rotates relative to the follower plate 12. At this time, the screw 10 drives the follower plate 12 and the mounting housing 3 to move upward, and the elastic potential energy accumulated in the compression spring 9 is released;

[0041] Then, the screw rod 10 is continuously reversed until the limit nut I7 abuts against the matching plate. At this time, the screw rod 10 is continuously reversed, and the screw rod 10 drives the follower plate 12 to move upward relative to the screw rod 10, and the multiple abutment members simultaneously move in a direction away from the central axis of the mounting housing 3;

[0042] Afterwards, the operator inserts the stepped shaft 1 into the mounting housing 3. At this time, the lower end of the stepped shaft 1 abuts against the follower plate 12, and a plurality of abutment members surround the stepped shaft 1.

[0043] Finally, the operator rotates the screw 10 forward, and the screw 10 drives the follower plate 12 and the follower plate 12 moves upward, and the compression spring 9 continues to exert its elastic potential energy. When the elastic force applied by the compression spring 9 on the mounting shell 3 is greater than the friction resistance between the sleeve and the mounting shell 3, the follower plate 12 moves downward relative to the mounting shell 3 to complete the clamping and fixation of the stepped shaft 1.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts, characterized in that: It comprises a mounting shell (3), wherein the upper and lower ends of the mounting shell (3) are respectively provided with a plurality of positioning grooves (4) circumferentially extending therethrough, and the side end surface of the mounting shell (3) is provided with a plurality of driving grooves I (5) circumferentially extending therethrough, and the two ends of each driving groove I (5) are not located in the same vertical plane; A follower disc (12) is coaxially arranged inside the mounting housing (3), and a plurality of driven rods (6) with a central axial level are fixedly connected to the side end surface of the follower disc (12) in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of driven rods (6) correspond to the plurality of driving slots I (5) one by one, and each driven rod (6) is inserted into the driving slot I (5) at a corresponding position; The follower disk (12) is provided with a plurality of driving grooves II (13) circumferentially therethrough, the plurality of driving grooves II (13) corresponding to the plurality of positioning grooves (4) one by one, and the distances between the two ends of each driving groove II (13) and the central axis of the follower disk (12) are not equal, and a follower rod (2) is inserted in each driving groove II (13) in an upper and lower axial direction; An abutment piece is fixedly connected to the outside of each follower rod (2), and the upper and lower axial ends of each follower rod (2) are respectively inserted into the positioning grooves (4) at corresponding positions; The lower end of the mounting shell (3) is movably connected to a support plate (11), and the support plate (11) is threaded with a screw rod (10) in an upper and lower axial direction, and the screw rod (10) is rotatably connected to a follower plate (12).

2. The self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the support plate (11) is circumferentially fixedly connected with a plurality of upper and lower axial limit rods (8), and the outer sides of the limit rods (8) are sleeved with compression springs (9); A through hole is provided at the lower end of the installation shell (3) for the limiting rod (8), the limiting rod (8) is inserted into the through hole, and two axial ends of the compression spring (9) are respectively in contact with the support plate (11) and the installation shell (3).

3. A self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of matching plates are fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting shell (3) in a circumferential direction, the plurality of matching plates correspond to the plurality of limiting rods (8) one by one, and through holes are formed through the matching plates; The upper end of each limiting rod (8) is threadedly connected to a limiting nut I (7), and the lower end surface of the limiting nut I (7) abuts against the matching plate.

4. The self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the abutment members comprises a positioning rod (14) fixedly connected to the follower rod (2), and a compensating member (15) made of rubber material is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning rod (14) close to the central axis of the follower plate (12).

5. The self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each follower rod (2) is provided with an external thread on its outer side. The upper and lower axial ends of the follower rod (2) are respectively threadedly connected to a limit nut II (16) through the external thread. The limit nut II (16) is located on the outer side of the mounting housing (3).

6. The self-centering fixture for machining stepped shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each follower rod (2) and each driven rod (6) is sleeved on the outside; the sleeve on the follower rod (2) is inserted into the positioning groove (4) and the driving groove II (13); the sleeve on the driven rod (6) is inserted into the driving groove I (5).

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