Soil loosening bucket of excavator

Abstract

The utility model discloses an excavator soil loosening bucket which comprises a soil loosening bucket body, a left blade plate and a right blade plate are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the soil loosening bucket body respectively, a middle blade plate is arranged in the middle of the soil loosening bucket body, the length of the left blade plate, the length of the middle blade plate and the length of the right blade plate are distributed in a step shape, and tooth holders are arranged at the front ends of the left blade plate, the middle blade plate and the right blade plate respectively. T-shaped tooth sleeves are mounted on the tooth holders. According to the soil loosening bucket, the structural strength and the abrasion resistance of the soil loosening bucket are improved, the performance of blade plate materials is reduced, the overall cost of the soil loosening bucket is reduced, meanwhile, the soil loosening force is greatly improved, and the service life of the soil loosening bucket is greatly prolonged; in the working process, the three bucket teeth make contact with materials in sequence, the large resistance generated when the five bucket teeth make contact with the materials at the same time is reduced, and the excavating strength of the bucket is obviously higher than that of the bucket; the soil loosening bucket is high in construction efficiency, easy to operate, low in cost, high in applicability and capable of being used and popularized for similar projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of construction equipment, in particular to a soil loosening bucket for an excavator. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel construction process, the traditional blasting method is used, and only holes are drilled for blocks or boulders. After blasting, excavators are used for excavation. The construction efficiency is extremely low and the cost of pyrotechnics is high. When using an excavator bucket, the five teeth contact the material at the same time, the resistance is large, and the excavation force of a single tooth is significantly reduced. It can only dig and load loose materials, and it is difficult to adapt to hard soil, weathered rock, clay and stone conditions. When using existing loosening tools, the depth of the loosening teeth inserted into the soil layer is shallow, and the task of loosening deep soil layers cannot be completed. This requires one or more loosening tasks on the basis of the original loosening, and one breaker or hydraulic cylinder corresponds to one loosening tooth, which cannot complete large-scale loosening work, resulting in low efficiency of loosening work. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to provide an excavator loosening bucket which can meet the use requirements of hard soil, clay with stone, weathered rock and the like in small-section tunnels.

[0004] The utility model is realized through the following technical scheme: an excavator loosening bucket comprises a loosening bucket body, a left blade plate and a right blade plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the loosening bucket body, a middle blade plate is arranged in the middle of the loosening bucket body, the lengths of the left blade plate, the middle blade plate and the right blade plate are distributed in a stepped manner, and the front ends of the left blade plate, the middle blade plate and the right blade plate are all provided with tooth seats, and T-shaped gear sleeves are installed on the tooth seats.

[0005] The working principle of this technical solution is that when the loosening bucket is working, the digging force and lateral force borne by the T-shaped tooth sleeve are mainly transmitted directly to the loosening bucket body through the tooth seat, weld, blade plate and reinforcement plate. The implementation of this structure can effectively avoid the disadvantages of traditional loosening buckets that they only rely on welds to bear force or the traditional tooth seat has to be welded to the main blade plate to reduce the digging force and stripping force. The coordination of this structure not only improves the structural strength and wear resistance of the loosening bucket itself, reduces the performance of the blade plate material, and reduces the overall cost of the loosening bucket, but also greatly improves the loosening force and extends the service life of the loosening bucket. Secondly, the loosening bucket has the dual functions of a bucket and a ripper. During the working process, the three teeth contact the material in turn (in the first stage, the single tooth of the loosening bucket has a large excavation force and mainly plays the role of loosening the soil, which is convenient for soil utilization and lays the foundation for subsequent excavation. In the second stage, the two teeth are stressed and the excavation force is reduced by half, but since the material has been loosened in the first stage, the hardness and resistance of the material are reduced in this stage. In the third stage, the three teeth are stressed, and the single tooth excavation force is 1 / 3 of the total excavation force in this stage. However, on the basis of loosening and excavation in the first and second stages, the material resistance is greatly reduced, which is convenient for excavation and loading), which reduces the greater resistance when the five teeth of the bucket contact the material at the same time. Its excavation strength is significantly higher than that of the bucket, which makes up for the disadvantage that the bucket cannot dig due to large resistance; due to the existence of the bucket width and a certain bucket capacity, its loosening area is much larger than that of the ripper, and the loosening efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, materials can be loaded, which makes up for the disadvantage that the ripper can only loosen the soil but not load.

[0006] In order to better realize the utility model, further, the length of the right blade plate is greater than that of the middle blade plate, the length of the middle blade plate is greater than that of the left blade plate, and the angles α between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of adjacent T-shaped tooth sleeves are the same.

[0007] In order to better implement the present invention, further, the angle between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of adjacent T-shaped gear sleeves is 10°≤α≤30°.

[0008] In order to better realize the utility model, further, left reinforcing plates matching and fitting the shape of the left blade plate are arranged on both sides of the left blade plate, middle reinforcing plates matching and fitting the shape of the middle blade plate are arranged on both sides of the middle blade plate, and right reinforcing plates matching and fitting the shape of the right blade plate are arranged on both sides of the right blade plate.

[0009] In order to better realize the utility model, further, a plurality of process holes are distributed on the left reinforcing plate and the right reinforcing plate, and the number and shape of the process holes match the outer contours of the left reinforcing plate and the right reinforcing plate.

[0010] In order to better realize the utility model, further, chamfers are provided at the matching places between the left reinforcing plate, the right reinforcing plate and the gear seat.

[0011] In order to better realize the utility model, further, the tooth seat is fixed to the front ends of the left blade plate, the middle blade plate and the right blade plate by welding.

[0012] In order to better realize the utility model, further, a plurality of connecting parts are provided on the upper part of the loosening bucket body, and each of the connecting parts is respectively provided with a mounting hole for connecting with the boom of the excavator and a mounting hole for hinged connection with the bucket arm of the excavator.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) During the operation of the loosening bucket provided by the utility model, the digging force and lateral force borne by the T-shaped tooth sleeve are mainly transmitted directly to the loosening bucket body through the tooth seat, weld, blade plate and reinforcement plate. This structural implementation can effectively avoid the disadvantages of the traditional loosening bucket relying only on the weld to bear the force or the traditional tooth seat having to be welded to the main blade plate to reduce the digging force and stripping force. The coordination of this structure not only improves the structural strength and wear resistance of the loosening bucket itself, reduces the performance of the blade plate material, and reduces the overall cost of the loosening bucket, but also greatly improves the loosening force and extends the service life of the loosening bucket;

[0015] (2) The soil-ripping bucket provided by the utility model has the dual functions of a bucket and a soil-ripping device. During the working process, the three bucket teeth contact the material in sequence, which reduces the great resistance when the five bucket teeth of the bucket contact the material at the same time. Its digging strength is significantly higher than that of the bucket, which makes up for the disadvantage that the bucket cannot dig due to the great resistance;

[0016] (3) The loosening bucket provided by the utility model has a larger loosening area than the loosening device due to its width and certain capacity, and the loosening efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, materials can be loaded, which makes up for the disadvantage that the loosening device can only loosen the soil but cannot load materials;

[0017] (4) The loosening bucket provided by the utility model has high construction efficiency, simple operation, low cost and strong applicability, and can be promoted for use in similar projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a front view of the utility model.

[0021] Among them: 1—soil loosening bucket body, 2—left blade plate, 3—left reinforcement plate, 4—tooth seat, 5—middle reinforcement plate, 6—middle blade plate, 7—T-type gear sleeve, 8—right reinforcement plate, 9—right blade plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] Embodiment 1:

[0026] The main structure of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a loosening bucket body 1, and a left blade plate 2 and a right blade plate 9 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the loosening bucket body 1. A middle blade plate 6 is arranged in the middle of the loosening bucket body 1. The lengths of the left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, and the right blade plate 9 are distributed in a stepped manner, and the front ends of the left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, and the right blade plate 9 are all provided with a tooth seat 4, and a T-shaped tooth sleeve 7 is installed on the tooth seat 4.

[0027] The specific use process is that the excavator loosening bucket body 1 is installed on the boom and dipper arm of the excavator. In the process of flipping backward around the excavator boom connection axis driven by the dipper arm, when the loosening and digging depth is certain, the T-shaped gear sleeve 7 extends its tip below the ground under the action of the downward pressure and load to loosen the soil first. Since a middle blade plate 6 is provided in the middle part of the loosening bucket body 1, the lengths of the left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, and the right blade plate 9 are distributed in a stepped manner, the T-shaped gear sleeve 7 at its front end can realize the loosening and digging processes in turn, thereby improving the loosening efficiency of each bucket tipping operation.

[0028] Embodiment 2:

[0029] Based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further defines the length relationship between the left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, and the right blade plate 9, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the length of the right blade plate 9 is greater than that of the middle blade plate 6, and the length of the middle blade plate 6 is greater than that of the left blade plate 2, and the angles α between the tips of the adjacent T-shaped tooth sleeves 7 in the cross-sectional projections are the same. The weathered rock, hard soil, and clay-and-stone in the tunnel have a tendency to flip and move backward under the shear force of the T-shaped tooth sleeve 7 at the front end of the right blade plate 9 flipped backward, and the soil is loosened once. The T-shaped tooth sleeve 7 at the front end of the right blade plate 9 continues to flip backward, and the T-shaped tooth sleeve 7 at the front end of the middle blade plate 6 can perform secondary loosening and excavation on the rock mass at the face, and apply a flip shear force to the face for the second time, thereby driving the rock mass at the face to have a tendency to flip and move backward for the second time, further loosening and excavating the rock mass, and completing the function of the T-shaped tooth sleeve at the front end of the left blade plate 2 in sequence, thereby improving the soil loosening efficiency of each bucket tipping operation. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0030] Embodiment 3:

[0031] Based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further defines the angle between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of adjacent T-shaped gear sleeves 7, such as Figure 1 As shown, the angle between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of the adjacent T-shaped tooth sleeves 7 is 10°≤α≤30°. After actual construction tests, it is preferred that when the angle α between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of the adjacent T-shaped tooth sleeves 7 is 10°≤α≤30°, the loosening efficiency of each bucket tipping operation is the highest. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0032] Embodiment 4:

[0033] Based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further adds a reinforcement plate, such as Figure 1 As shown, the left blade plate 2 is provided with left reinforcing plates 3 that match and fit the shape of the left blade plate 2 on both sides, the middle blade plate 6 is provided with middle reinforcing plates 5 that match and fit the shape of the middle blade plate 6 on both sides, and the right blade plate 9 is provided with right reinforcing plates 8 that match and fit the shape of the right blade plate 9 on both sides. The reinforcing plate structure is provided to strengthen the strength of each blade plate to avoid breakage during the excavation process. The left reinforcing plate 3, the middle reinforcing plate 5, and the right reinforcing plate 8 are all provided with structures that cooperate with the tooth seat 4 for welding. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0034] Embodiment 5:

[0035] Based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further defines the reinforcing plate structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the left reinforcing plate 3 and the right reinforcing plate 8 are both provided with a plurality of process holes, and the number and shape of the process holes match the outer contours of the left reinforcing plate 3 and the right reinforcing plate 8. The left reinforcing plate 3 and the right reinforcing plate 8 are both provided with 1 to 3 process holes, and the number and shape of the process holes are determined according to the outer contours of the reinforcing plates. The process holes are finally filled with welds to increase the fit and stability between the reinforcing plates and the blade plates. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment and will not be described in detail.

[0036] Embodiment 6:

[0037] Based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further defines the reinforcing plate structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the left reinforcing plate 3 and the right reinforcing plate 8 are both provided with chamfers at the places where they cooperate with the gear seat 4. The parts on the reinforcing plates that cooperate with the gear seat are all provided with chamfers, so that the weld can better fully melt the gear seat, the blade plate and the reinforcing plate, and strengthen the strength between the gear seat, the blade plate and the reinforcing plate. During the operation of the loosening bucket, the digging force and lateral force borne by the T-shaped gear sleeve are transmitted to the loosening bucket body through the gear seat, the blade plate, the reinforcing plate and the weld. The implementation of this structure greatly improves the loosening force and the stripping force. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0038] Embodiment 7:

[0039] On the basis of the above embodiment, this embodiment further defines the fixing method of the front end of the left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, and the right blade plate 9 to the tooth seat 4, and the tooth seat 4 is fixed to the front end of the left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, and the right blade plate 9 by welding. The left blade plate 2, the middle blade plate 6, the right blade plate 9, the left reinforcing plate 3, the middle reinforcing plate 5, and the right reinforcing plate 8 are matched with the tooth seat 4, and a gap of 0.5 to 1 mm is left. After the tooth seat is matched with the blade plate and the reinforcing plate, it is fixed by welding according to a certain rule. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0040] Embodiment 8:

[0041] Based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further defines the structure of the soil loosening bucket body 1, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the upper part of the loosening bucket body 1 is also provided with a plurality of connecting parts, each of which is respectively provided with a mounting hole for connecting with the boom of the excavator and a mounting hole for hinged connection with the dipper arm of the excavator. The loosening bucket body 1 is installed on the excavator through the boom connection mounting hole and the dipper arm connection mounting hole. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0042] Embodiment 9:

[0043] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment applies the excavator loosening bucket to a specific engineering example. The engineering example is a tunnel project with Q3t3 Tongzilin Formation lithology, which is mainly composed of block crushed stone with silty clay, silty clay with isolated stone, block stone, crushed stone, etc., with weak cementation and medium-dense to dense structure. The traditional blasting method is used, only drilling is performed on the block stone or isolated stone, and then the excavator is used for excavation after blasting, which has extremely low construction efficiency and high cost of pyrotechnics.

[0044] According to calculations, the excavator loosening bucket provided by this embodiment takes hours to excavate a tunnel in the past (single cycle footage 1.5m), of which 2.5 hours (comprehensive average time) are required to move the drilling and blasting trolley, drill holes, clean holes, charge, connect wires, detonate, ventilate and exhaust smoke, 12kg of explosives / cycle, 7 digital electronic detonators / cycle, and 6.5 hours for the excavator to travel and dig; according to the on-site situation, the unit price of explosives is 18.76 yuan / kg (including delivery fees, safety officers, blasters, technicians and other management fees), and the digital electronic detonator is 31 yuan / round; the 65-type excavator used in tunnel excavation consumes 5-6L / h of fuel, the average oil price is 8.55 yuan / L, and the rental fee is 21,000 yuan / month. The cost of a single cycle of pyrotechnics is 442.12 yuan, the fuel cost is 305.66 yuan, the rental fee is 568.75 yuan, and the subtotal is 1316.53 yuan.

[0045] In the past, the soil scarifier was limited to excavating isolated rocks and boulders. After each isolated rock and boulders were excavated, the excavator bucket was replaced. Due to the narrow tunnel space, the excavator needed to return to the car shelter or tunnel entrance for replacement. According to the content and volume of isolated rocks and boulders (except for some large ones that were blasted), the excavator needed to go back and forth several times in a single cycle. Comprehensive calculation showed that each cycle took 10 hours. The fuel cost was 470.25 yuan, the rental fee was 875 yuan, and the subtotal was 1,345.25 yuan.

[0046] When excavating with an excavator bucket, the excavation efficiency is extremely low when encountering hard soil, weathered rock, clay and stone strata. When a single rock or rock mass is less than 1m³, each cycle takes 18 hours according to the test. The fuel cost is 846.45 yuan, the rental fee is 1575 yuan, and the subtotal is 2421.45 yuan.

[0047] The excavator loosens the soil and digs. According to the above geological conditions, each cycle takes 7.5 hours to complete. The fuel cost is 352.69 yuan, the rental fee is 656.25 yuan, and the subtotal is 1008.94 yuan.

[0048] According to the initial design, this project Q 3t 3The lithology of the Tongzilin Formation is mainly distributed at the entrance of Taihe Tunnel, upstream of No. 1 branch tunnel, and Yingpanshan Tunnel, totaling 3,346 m. ​​If each cycle is calculated as 1.5 m, a total of 2,231 cycles are required. By comparison, the use of excavator loosening buckets can save 686,233.29 yuan (minimum value) and 3,151,309.81 yuan (maximum value) compared with other tools or construction methods.

[0049] It can be seen that the excavator loosening bucket provided in this embodiment has high construction efficiency, simple operation, low cost, and strong applicability, and can be promoted for use in similar projects.

[0050] It can be understood that the working principles and working processes of the excavator bucket structure according to an embodiment of the utility model, such as the gear seat 4 and the T-shaped gear sleeve 7 and other components are all prior art and are well known to technicians in this field, and will not be described in detail here.

[0051] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An excavator loosening bucket, characterized in that: The invention comprises a soil loosening bucket body (1), wherein a left blade plate (2) and a right blade plate (9) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the soil loosening bucket body (1), and a middle blade plate (6) is arranged in the middle of the soil loosening bucket body (1). The lengths of the left blade plate (2), the middle blade plate (6), and the right blade plate (9) are distributed in a stepped manner, and the front ends of the left blade plate (2), the middle blade plate (6), and the right blade plate (9) are all provided with a tooth seat (4), and a T-shaped tooth sleeve (7) is installed on the tooth seat (4).

2. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the right blade plate (9) is greater than the length of the middle blade plate (6), the length of the middle blade plate (6) is greater than the length of the left blade plate (2), and the angles α between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of adjacent T-shaped tooth sleeves (7) are the same.

3. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the cross-sectional projections of the tips of adjacent T-shaped gear sleeves (7) is 10°≤α≤30°.

4. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Left reinforcing plates (3) matching the shape of and fitting the left blade plate (2) are arranged on both sides of the left blade plate (2), middle reinforcing plates (5) matching the shape of and fitting the middle blade plate (6) are arranged on both sides of the middle blade plate (6), and right reinforcing plates (8) matching the shape of and fitting the right blade plate (9) are arranged on both sides of the right blade plate (9).

5. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of process holes are distributed on the left reinforcing plate (3) and the right reinforcing plate (8), and the number and shape of the process holes match the outer contours of the left reinforcing plate (3) and the right reinforcing plate (8).

6. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 5, characterized in that: The left reinforcing plate (3) and the right reinforcing plate (8) are both provided with chamfers at the locations where they fit with the gear seat (4).

7. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The tooth seat (4) is fixed to the front ends of the left blade plate (2), the middle blade plate (6), and the right blade plate (9) by welding.

8. The excavator loosening bucket according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The upper part of the soil loosening bucket body (1) is also provided with a plurality of connecting parts, each of which is respectively provided with a mounting hole for connecting with the boom of the excavator and a mounting hole for hinged connection with the dipper arm of the excavator.

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