Cooking utensil and integrated cooker with same

By setting up refrigeration components outside the cooking utensils and setting up heat exchange components outside the top of the cooking inner liner, a coolant circulation pipeline is formed, which solves the problems of high cost and low space utilization of existing cooking utensils, achieving efficient cooling and fresh preservation effects and flexible user experience.

CN222533089UActive Publication Date: 2025-02-28NINGBO FOTILE KITCHEN WARE CO LTD
View PDF 0 Cites 0 Cited by

Patent Information

Application Number
CN202420972288.8
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-05-07
Publication Date
2025-02-28
Estimated Expiration
2034-05-07

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing cooking utensils with cooling and fresh preservation functions are costly and have low utilization of available cooking space.

Method used

A cooking utensil is designed to form a coolant circulation pipeline to achieve cooling and fresh preservation effect by setting a refrigeration component outside the cooking utensil and setting a heat exchange component on the outside of the top of the cooking inner liner.

Benefits of technology

The design significantly reduces the cooking space occupancy in the cooking liner, improves flexibility and refrigeration efficiency, and reduces the cost of use.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

Smart Images

  • Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
    Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Patent Text Reader

Abstract

A switching module is arranged on the cooking utensil, the cooking utensil comprises a cooking inner container, a heat exchange assembly is arranged on the outer side of the cooking inner container, the heat exchange assembly comprises a water inlet pipe, a heat exchange pipeline and a water outlet pipe which are sequentially connected, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to the switching module. And the refrigeration assembly is arranged outside the cooking utensil, the refrigeration assembly comprises a liquid outlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, and the liquid outlet pipe and the liquid return pipe are connected to the switching module, so that the refrigeration assembly and the heat exchange assembly are connected through the switching module to form a cooling liquid circulation pipeline. According to the cooking device, the occupied cooking space in the cooking inner container can be reduced, the use flexibility and the refrigeration efficiency are improved, the external refrigeration assembly can be used by a plurality of cooking utensils, and the use cost can be reduced.
Need to check novelty before this filing date? Find Prior Art

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of household appliances, and in particular to a cooking utensil and an integrated stove having the same. Background Art

[0002] The scheduled cooking function is a common function in modern kitchen appliances. It allows users to set the cooking time and cooking mode in advance, so that the appliance can automatically start cooking at the set time. When using the scheduled function, there is a problem that the ingredients to be cooked are stored in the cooking appliance for a long time, resulting in the deterioration of the ingredients. To solve this problem, some cooking appliances have integrated refrigeration systems to ensure the freshness of the ingredients while keeping the reservation for a long time. However, this solution significantly increases the manufacturing cost of the product and reduces the available cooking space inside to a certain extent. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems that the current cooking utensils with cooling and fresh-keeping functions are high in cost and low in utilization rate of available cooking space, the utility model proposes a cooking utensil and an integrated stove having the same.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A cooking utensil is provided with a switching module, and comprises:

[0006] A cooking liner, wherein a heat exchange assembly is disposed on the outer side of the cooking liner, wherein the heat exchange assembly comprises a water inlet pipe, a heat exchange pipeline and a water outlet pipe connected in sequence, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to the adapter module;

[0007] A refrigeration component is placed outside the cooking appliance, and the refrigeration component includes a liquid outlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, and the liquid outlet pipe and the liquid return pipe are connected to the adapter module so that the refrigeration component and the heat exchange component are connected through the adapter module to form a coolant circulation pipeline.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the cooking appliance also includes a control component, a first temperature sensor is provided in the cooking pot, and a second temperature sensor is provided on the heat exchange component, the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the cooking pot, and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heat exchange pipeline, and the control component is used to control the refrigeration component according to the temperature of the cooking pot and the heat exchange pipeline.

[0009] In a further embodiment, the adapter module includes a communication interface, a water inlet pipe interface and a water outlet pipe interface, the refrigeration component and the cooking appliance are communicatively connected via the communication interface, the water inlet pipe interface connects the water inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe interface connects the water outlet pipe and the liquid return pipe to form the coolant circulation pipeline.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the refrigeration assembly includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a circulating water pump that are interconnected, the outlet end of the circulating water pump is connected to the liquid outlet pipe, the inlet end of the compressor is connected to the liquid return pipe, and the water pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate.

[0011] In a further embodiment, the heat exchange assembly further comprises a heat exchange plate, the heat exchange plate is arranged in close contact with the cooking liner, and the heat exchange pipeline is installed on the heat exchange plate by welding.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the heat exchange component is installed on the side wall or the top of the cooking pot, and the installation position of the heat exchange component is not lower than a preset height.

[0013] In a further embodiment, it further comprises an outer shell and a heat insulating layer, wherein the heat insulating layer is located between the cooking liner and the outer shell, and the thickness of the heat insulating layer is between 12 mm and 20 mm.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the total area of ​​the heat exchange pipeline accounts for 10% to 100% of the top area of ​​the cooking pot.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the diameter of the heat exchange pipeline is between 3 mm and 15 mm.

[0016] The utility model also provides an integrated stove, which comprises the above-mentioned cooking utensil.

[0017] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

[0018] The implementation of this disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The utility model sets a refrigeration component outside the cooking utensil and sets a heat exchange component on the top outer side of the cooking liner. The refrigeration component is used to provide cooling liquid to the heat exchange component. The cooling liquid exchanges heat with the cooking liner in the heat exchange component to remove the heat of the cooking liner, thereby achieving a cooling and fresh-keeping effect. Since the refrigeration component is set outside the cooking utensil and the heat exchange component is set on the top outer side of the cooking liner, the cooking space occupied in the cooking liner is significantly reduced, and the user can freely adjust the refrigeration component according to actual needs, thereby improving the flexibility of use and refrigeration efficiency and facilitating cleaning and maintenance by the user. In addition, the external refrigeration component can be used by multiple cooking utensils, thereby reducing the cost of use.

[0020] Further features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a cooking appliance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 A front schematic diagram showing a cooking appliance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Among them, 11, adapter module; 12, heat exchange component; 121, water inlet pipe; 122, heat exchange pipeline; 123, water outlet pipe; 124, heat exchange plate; 2, refrigeration component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0028] Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0029] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0030] The term "and / or" herein is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can represent including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0031] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present disclosure, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some examples, methods, means, components and circuits well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the subject matter of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figures 1 to 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cooking appliance, a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchange assembly, and a schematic diagram of the front view of the cooking appliance are respectively shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the above cooking appliance comprises:

[0033] The cooking liner is a container part inside the cooking utensil for holding food and receiving heating. It is in direct contact with the food and cooks food by heating. The cooking utensil can be a steam oven, an electric pressure cooker, and other cooking utensil with a preset cooking function. A heat exchange component 12 is provided on the outer side of the top of the cooking liner. The heat exchange component 12 has good thermal conductivity. The heat exchange component 12 is in close contact with the outer side of the top of the cooking liner to take away the heat in the cooking liner and does not directly occupy the area of ​​the cooking space, thereby providing more cooking space for food.

[0034] The heat exchange assembly 12 includes an inlet pipe 121, a heat exchange pipeline 122 and an outlet pipe 123 connected in sequence, and the inlet pipe 121 and the outlet pipe 123 are connected to the adapter module 11. Specifically, the adapter module 11 is arranged at one end of the cooking utensil near the top, which can reduce the length of the inlet pipe 121 and the outlet pipe 123, and increase the space utilization and heat exchange efficiency. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the heat exchange pipeline 122 is designed as a serpentine pipeline, and the heat exchange pipeline 122 is made of aluminum. In the heat exchange pipeline 122, the coolant flows through a series of curved pipes, and the outer surfaces of these pipes are in contact with the surface of the cooking pot. Since aluminum has good thermal conductivity, it can efficiently transfer the coldness of the coolant to the cooking pot, and it is lightweight, corrosion-resistant and low in cost. The curved shape of the serpentine pipeline helps to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange efficiency. Compared with traditional straight pipes, serpentine pipes can better cover a larger area and ensure uniform cooling of the cooking pot. It is understandable that commonly used materials with good thermal conductivity include copper, brass, stainless steel and various alloys. Common designs of the heat exchange pipeline 122 also include spiral, S-shaped, Z-shaped, etc. In other embodiments, the heat exchange pipeline 122 can be designed according to the specific equipment structure and functional requirements by selecting suitable materials, so as to achieve the best heat exchange effect and equipment performance. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this. The water inlet pipe 121 and the water outlet pipe 123 are both insulated water pipes, which can effectively isolate and control the cold amount, so that the coolant they transport will not directly contact the surrounding environment, which can effectively reduce the loss of cold amount and improve energy efficiency. The heat exchange pipeline 122 has pipe interfaces at both ends. The water inlet pipe 121 and the water outlet pipe 123 are installed to the pipe interfaces of the heat exchange pipeline 122 through connectors such as joints and valves to achieve connection. It should be noted that the connector should match the diameter of the heat exchange pipeline 122.

[0035] A refrigeration component 2, which is external to the cooking utensil, and is used to provide the coolant to the heat exchange component 12. Common refrigeration components 2 include centrifugal chillers, screw chillers, piston chillers, etc. Placing the refrigeration component 2 outside the cooking utensil reduces the occupation of the cooking space in the cooking liner, and the user can freely adjust the refrigeration component 2 according to actual needs, thereby improving the flexibility of use and refrigeration efficiency and facilitating cleaning and maintenance by the user. In addition, the external refrigeration component 2 can be used by multiple cooking utensils, thereby reducing the cost of use. The refrigeration component 2 includes a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid return pipe are connected to the adapter module 11, so that the refrigeration component 2 and the heat exchange component 12 are connected through the adapter module 11 to form a coolant circulation pipeline. Specifically, the refrigeration unit outputs the coolant to the heat exchange component 12 through the liquid outlet pipe, and the coolant exchanges heat with the cooking pot in the heat exchange pipeline 122, taking away the heat of the cooking pot, thereby achieving refrigeration, and the coolant after heat exchange returns to the refrigeration component 2 through the outlet pipe 123, forming a closed cycle. In some embodiments, the adapter module 11 may include multiple joints, valves, and possible measuring instruments to ensure that the coolant flows correctly in the pipeline and allow maintenance personnel to monitor and operate the system.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the refrigeration component 2 is arranged outside the cooking utensil, and the heat exchange component 12 is arranged inside the cooking utensil, and they are connected through the adapter module 11 on the cooking utensil to form a coolant circulation, so that the refrigeration component 2 delivers the coolant to the heat exchange component 12, and recovers the coolant after heat exchange. The use of a separate design can prevent the stability and safety of the refrigeration system from being affected by the excessively high temperature inside the cooking utensil, reduce safety hazards caused by refrigerant leakage or other failures, and make maintenance or replacement more convenient, which also helps to extend the overall service life of the cooking utensil and the refrigeration system. When designing the cooking utensil according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, there is no need to consider the complex refrigeration system, and the focus can be on the design of the cooking liner and the adapter module 11, which simplifies the design and manufacturing process of the entire product, thereby further reducing costs.

[0037] Based on the above disclosed embodiment, the cooking utensil further includes a control component, a first temperature sensor is provided in the cooking liner, a second temperature sensor is provided on the heat exchange component 12, the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the cooking liner, the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heat exchange pipeline 122, and the control component is used to control the refrigeration component 2 according to the temperature of the cooking liner and the heat exchange pipeline 122. Specifically, by monitoring the temperature of the cooking liner, the refrigeration capacity can be adjusted according to actual needs, unnecessary energy waste can be avoided, a higher energy efficiency ratio can be achieved, and the user experience can be improved. The temperature of the heat exchange pipeline 122 is monitored in real time by the second sensor, which helps to prevent the freezing phenomenon caused by the excessively low temperature of the coolant, resulting in the blockage of the heat exchange pipeline 122, thereby affecting the normal operation and life of the equipment. Therefore, the application of the temperature sensor in the cooking utensil in the disclosed embodiment not only improves the quality and convenience of cooking, but also plays a positive role in energy saving and emission reduction, extending the service life of the equipment, and ensuring food safety. Common types of temperature sensors include thermal resistor sensors, thermal capacitor sensors, infrared sensors, semiconductor sensors, and quartz crystal microbalance sensors, etc., which can be selected according to actual design requirements.

[0038] The adapter module 11 includes a communication interface, a water inlet pipe interface and a water outlet pipe interface. The refrigeration component 2 and the cooking utensil are connected to each other through the communication interface. The communication interface is a technical means that allows data transmission between different devices. The communication interface can be a hardware interface or a software interface, which is used to specify the physical form of the connection between communication devices, electrical signals and other specifications, as well as communication protocols, data formats and other information. Common communication interface types include USB interface, Ethernet interface, wireless interface and serial interface, etc. In practical applications, the selection of the communication interface depends on the specific device type, communication requirements, etc. Therefore, the refrigeration unit in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be connected to the cooking utensil in a wired or wireless manner. The water inlet pipe interface connects the water inlet pipe 121 and the liquid outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe interface connects the water outlet pipe 123 and the liquid return pipe to form the coolant circulation pipeline. The connection between the refrigeration component 2 and the heat exchange component 12 is realized through the water inlet pipe interface and the water outlet pipe interface, thereby realizing a separate design, which is helpful for designers and maintenance designers to adjust the capacity of the refrigeration component 2 or the heat exchange component 12 according to actual needs, or add more components as needed, providing better flexibility and scalability, and reducing maintenance and repair costs. In addition, the external refrigeration component 2 can be shared by multiple cooking utensils, and the cost of each cooking utensil will be shared, which is lower than equipping each cooking utensil with a built-in water cooling system.

[0039] The refrigeration component 2 includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a circulating water pump that are interconnected. The outlet end of the circulating water pump is connected to the liquid outlet pipe, the inlet end of the compressor is connected to the liquid return pipe, and the water pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate. Since the refrigeration component 2 is external to the cooking utensil, the problem of compressor overheating caused by insufficient heat dissipation can be avoided, so a high-power compressor can be used for refrigeration, and the use of a high-power compressor can improve the refrigeration efficiency, enhance the adaptability of the equipment, extend the service life of the equipment, and contribute to environmental protection. Commonly used types of circulating water pumps include split-type double-suction centrifugal pumps, single-stage centrifugal pumps, multi-stage centrifugal pumps, vertical long-axis pumps, etc. Using the circulating water pump can not only improve the refrigeration efficiency, enhance the adaptability of the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment, but also save energy, protect the environment, and facilitate maintenance and management.

[0040] The heat exchange assembly 12 also includes a heat exchange plate 124, which is fitted with the cooking liner, and the heat exchange pipe 122 is installed on the heat exchange plate 124 by welding. The heat exchange plate 124 can be made of a material with good thermal conductivity such as aluminum or steel. The heat exchange plate 124 can increase the heat exchange area, so that more heat is exchanged per unit time, and the overall heat exchange efficiency is improved. In addition, by installing the heat exchange pipe 122 on the heat exchange plate 124 by welding, it can ensure that the heat exchange pipe 122 is firmly connected to the heat exchange plate 124, reduce the risk of leakage, and facilitate maintenance and replacement.

[0041] The heat exchange component 12 is installed on the side wall or top of the cooking pot, and the installation position of the heat exchange component 12 is not lower than a preset height. The preset height in the disclosed embodiment is the highest position where the steaming plate / baking plate can be placed. By setting the heat exchange component 12 at a position not lower than the preset height, the natural convection law of hot air rising and cold air sinking is utilized, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. Specifically, the hot gas in the cooking pot will rise due to its low density, and the heat exchange component 12 is set at a higher position to absorb these high-temperature gases faster and take them away through the coolant, thereby reducing the temperature of the cooking pot and improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0042] The cooking utensil also includes an outer shell and an insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer is located between the cooking liner and the outer shell, and the thickness of the insulating layer is between 12 mm and 20 mm. By providing the insulating layer, heat loss can be reduced, energy efficiency can be improved, and the user can be protected from burns. The insulating layer can be made of a variety of materials, such as ceramics, insulating materials, and the like. For example, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, insulating cotton is used to make the insulating layer. In addition, the insulating layer can also be a specially designed composite material, which has low thermal conductivity and high strength, and can provide effective thermal insulation protection without affecting the performance of the device.

[0043] The total area of ​​the heat exchange pipeline 122 accounts for 10% to 100% of the top area of ​​the cooking pot. In practical applications, the total area of ​​the heat exchange pipeline 122 should be determined according to specific cooking requirements and equipment characteristics to ensure the best cooling effect and equipment performance. It should be noted that, considering the cost issue, the heat exchange pipeline 122 is usually not spread all over the top outer side of the cooking pot.

[0044] The diameter of the heat exchange pipe 122 is between 3 mm and 15 mm, which can meet the requirements of heat exchange efficiency and equipment performance under different cooking conditions.

[0045] The utility model also provides an integrated stove, which comprises the above-mentioned cooking utensil.

[0046] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cooking utensil, characterized in that: The cooking utensil is provided with a switching module (11), and the cooking utensil comprises: A cooking liner, wherein a heat exchange component (12) is provided on the outside of the cooking liner, the heat exchange component (12) comprising a water inlet pipe (121), a heat exchange pipeline (122) and a water outlet pipe (123) connected in sequence, and the water inlet pipe (121) and the water outlet pipe (123) are connected to the adapter module (11); A refrigeration component (2), the refrigeration component (2) being external to the cooking appliance, the refrigeration component (2) comprising a liquid outlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the liquid return pipe being connected to the adapter module (11), so that the refrigeration component (2) and the heat exchange component (12) are connected via the adapter module (11) to form a cooling liquid circulation pipeline.

2. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a control component, wherein a first temperature sensor is arranged in the cooking inner pot, and a second temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange component (12), wherein the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the cooking inner pot, and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heat exchange pipeline (122), and the control component is used to control the refrigeration component (2) according to the temperature of the cooking inner pot and the heat exchange pipeline (122).

3. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adapter module (11) comprises a communication interface, a water inlet pipe interface and a water outlet pipe interface; the refrigeration component (2) and the cooking utensil are communicatively connected via the communication interface; the water inlet pipe interface is connected to the water inlet pipe (121) and the liquid outlet pipe; the water outlet pipe interface is connected to the water outlet pipe (123) and the liquid return pipe, thereby forming the coolant circulation pipeline.

4. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration assembly (2) comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a circulating water pump which are interconnected, the outlet end of the circulating water pump is connected to the liquid outlet pipe, the inlet end of the compressor is connected to the liquid return pipe, and the water pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate.

5. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange assembly (12) further comprises a heat exchange plate (124), the heat exchange plate (124) being arranged in close contact with the cooking liner, and the heat exchange pipeline (122) being mounted on the heat exchange plate (124) by welding.

6. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange component (12) is installed on the side wall or the top of the cooking pot, and the installation position of the heat exchange component (12) is not lower than a preset height.

7. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an outer shell and a heat insulating layer, wherein the heat insulating layer is located between the cooking liner and the outer shell, and the thickness of the heat insulating layer is between 12 mm and 20 mm.

8. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total area of ​​the heat exchange pipeline (122) accounts for 10% to 100% of the top area of ​​the cooking pot.

9. The cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the heat exchange pipeline (122) is between 3 mm and 15 mm.

10. An integrated stove, characterized in that: The integrated stove comprises the cooking utensil according to any one of claims 1 to 9.