Device facilitating flexible sand taking operation in shallow water area of hard covering layer

Abstract

The utility model provides a device convenient for flexible operation and sand taking in a shallow water area of a hard covering layer, which comprises a platform detachably arranged on a cutter suction dredger, a switching rod is arranged on the platform, a force application rod and an impact hammer are arranged on one side of the switching rod and are positioned on the front side of a rotary drill bit, and the rotary drill bit is hinged with the cutter suction dredger through a supporting pipe. The supporting pipe is connected with a bearing frame through a steel cable, the bearing frame is fixedly connected with a cutter suction dredger, a winch is further arranged on the upper portion of the bearing frame and connected with a locking rod through a pull wire, the locking rod is in sliding connection with a force application rod, and a secondary impact rod and a spring are arranged on the two sides of the locking rod located in the force application rod respectively. The bottom of the secondary impact rod abuts against the impact hammer, and the spring is compressed through the locking rod so that elastic force can be transmitted to the impact hammer through the secondary impact rod. The device is ingenious in design and compact in structure, can greatly improve the convenience of construction, and has good economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a device which is convenient for flexible operation and sand taking in a shallow water area with a hard covering layer. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous development of my country's infrastructure, the construction technology level of artificial islands in my country has been greatly improved. The construction of artificial islands requires a large amount of sand, the cost of sand transportation is high, and the construction period is long. If the local sand extraction method is adopted, due to the complex geological environment in the marine area and the strong internal and external dynamic geological effects, after a long period of sedimentation, some deep and hard covering layers will form on the surface of the sand layer. The traditional method uses a suction dredger to extract sand and directly excavate the construction. The covering layer is difficult to break, the efficiency is extremely low, and the suction dredger wears seriously.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN 214844244 U records a sand taking device for sand taking equipment under a deep-water covering layer, but the structure cannot cope with the blocking problem of the hard covering layer and cannot crush the hard covering layer; Chinese patent CN201162240Y records a sand taking device for sand taking equipment under a deep-water covering layer, but the device still does not solve the problem of crushing the hard layer, has great inconvenience in construction, has defects in use, and needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides a device for flexibly taking sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers, solving the problems of low efficiency in sand taking and dredging operations, difficulty in crushing by directly using a suction method, large loss and low economy.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a device for flexible sand extraction in shallow water areas with hard covering layers, comprising a platform detachably arranged on a dredging vessel, a transfer rod is provided on the platform, a force rod and an impact hammer are provided on one side of the transfer rod, the force rod and the impact hammer are located on the front side of a rotary drill bit, the rotary drill bit is hinged to the dredging vessel through a support pipe, the support pipe is connected to a load-bearing frame through a steel cable, the load-bearing frame and the dredging vessel are fixedly connected, a winch is also provided on the upper part of the load-bearing frame, the winch is connected to a locking rod through a pull wire, the locking rod and the force rod are slidably connected, secondary impact rods and springs are respectively provided on both sides of the locking rod located inside the force rod, the bottom of the secondary impact rod abuts against the impact hammer, the locking rod is used to compress the spring so that the elastic force is transmitted to the impact hammer through the secondary impact rod.

[0006] In a preferred solution, slide plates are respectively provided on both sides of the support tube, the ends of the slide plates on both sides are connected by locking plates, the locking plates are fixed by a plurality of reinforcing plates and the support tube, and the platform and the slide plates are slidably connected.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the platform includes a top plate, side plates are respectively provided on both sides of the top plate, an arc surface is provided on the inner side of the side plate, a through groove is provided in the arc surface, the slide plate is located in the through groove, the two sides of the side plate are connected to the support tube through the first telescopic cylinder, and the arc surface is attached to the outer side of the support tube.

[0008] In a preferred solution, a second telescopic cylinder and an articulated seat are provided on the top of the platform, and the transfer rod comprises a straight extension column and an articulated head, and the straight extension column and the articulated head are respectively articulated with the second telescopic cylinder and the articulated seat through an axle rod.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the force application rod includes a balance column and an adapter, one side of the balance column is connected to the adapter rod, a channel is arranged in the balance column and the adapter, a second waist circular hole is penetrated in the channel, the locking rod is passed through the second waist circular hole, and the spring is located on the side close to the adapter rod.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the locking rod includes a round rod, which is inserted into the second waist circular hole, with locking disks on both sides of the round rod, and the pull wire is wound around the locking disks. A contact block is provided in the middle of the round rod, and adjustment rings are provided on both sides of the contact block. The adjustment rings are threadedly connected to the round rod.

[0011] In the preferred solution, a countersunk hole is provided in the adapter, the inner diameter of the countersunk hole is larger than the size of the channel, and a thread is provided in the countersunk hole. The impact hammer includes a mounting portion, a transition portion and a conical portion arranged from top to bottom, the mounting portion and the countersunk hole are threadedly connected, a spring is fixedly provided on the side of the channel close to the second notch, one side of the spring is affixed to the contact block, a secondary impact rod is also provided in the channel, a through hole is provided on the side of the channel close to the countersunk hole, and the through hole is arranged on the adapter.

[0012] In the preferred solution, a groove is provided on the lower side of the straight extension column, a first round hole and a slide groove are penetrated in the groove, a drive plate is slidably provided in the slide groove, the shaft rod is passed through the second telescopic cylinder, the first round hole and the drive plate, the drive plate is hinged to the second telescopic cylinder through the shaft rod, the side of the drive plate away from the second telescopic cylinder is connected to the adjusting gear through the force transmission gear, the adjusting gear is fixed to the upper part of the force rod, the drive plate and the force transmission gear are meshed and connected, and the force transmission gear and the adjusting gear are meshed and connected.

[0013] In a preferred solution, a second notch is provided on one side of the force rod, the adjusting gear is located in the second notch, the adjusting gear and the force rod are fixedly connected, a first notch is provided on one side of the transfer rod, a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole are penetrated in the first notch, and the force transmission gear and the adjusting gear are respectively arranged in the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole through the rotation of the shaft rod.

[0014] In the preferred solution, interception plates are detachably provided on both sides of the platform, and the interception plates include two inclined plates arranged opposite to each other, and the ends of the inclined plates are connected by a synchronization plate, and a plurality of buffer grooves are penetrated through the inclined plates and the synchronization plates, and two fixed plates are provided in parallel on the outer side of the synchronization plates, and the two fixed plates and the synchronization plates are connected to form an installation groove, and the installation groove is clamped with the platform, and the fixed plates are connected to the platform by screws, and a triangular pyramid is provided at the lower part of the inclined plate and the synchronization plate.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: by arranging a force rod and an impact hammer on the dredging vessel, when it is necessary to break the hard covering layer, the supporting pipe is lowered by a hoisting machine, and then the impact hammer is driven to break the hard covering layer. The supporting pipe can separate the water when entering the water, thereby reducing the problem that the impact effect of the impact hammer is weakened due to the resistance of the water body. At the same time, the angles of the force rod and the impact hammer can be adjusted by the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder to ensure that the impact hammer can be aimed at the hard covering layer at a suitable angle to achieve an accurate impact effect. The winch can perform a secondary impact on the locking rod in conjunction with the pull wire. When the spring is compressed, the locking rod is pushed back and then the secondary impact rod is used to aim at the impact hammer to form a secondary hammering, which ensures that the hammering is efficient and sufficient, the overall operation is convenient, the use effect is good, the breaking effect of the hard covering layer can be greatly improved, and it has good economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of state one of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A front view schematic diagram of

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of explosion structure state 1;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure in state 2;

[0021] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram state 2 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A front view schematic diagram of

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of state three of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the support tube installation force rod and impact hammer structure;

[0025] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of point A;

[0026] Fig.10 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the platform installation baffle structure;

[0027] Fig.11 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the platform installation force rod and impact hammer state one;

[0028] Fig.12 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the platform installation force rod and impact hammer state 2;

[0029] Fig.13 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the platform installation force rod and impact hammer state three;

[0030] Fig.14 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of installing the impact hammer and adapter rod on the force rod Figure 1 ;

[0031] Fig.15 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of installing the impact hammer and adapter rod on the force rod Figure 2 ;

[0032] Fig.16 yes Fig.14 Schematic diagram of installing impact hammer with force rod Figure 1 ;

[0033] Fig.17 yes Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure Figure 1 ;

[0034] Fig.18 yes Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure Figure 2 ;

[0035] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the baffle structure of the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the transfer rod structure of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: a dredger 1; a support pipe 2; a slide plate 201; a locking plate 202; a reinforcing plate 203; a rotary drill 3; a load-bearing frame 4; a steel cable 5; a platform 6; a top plate 601; a side plate 602; an arc surface 603; a through groove 604; a connecting rod 7; a straight column 701; a hinged joint 702; a groove 703; a first waist hole 704; a sliding groove 705; a first mounting hole 706; a second mounting hole 707; a first notch 708; a force-applying rod 8; a second waist hole 801; a second notch 802; a channel 803; a countersunk hole 804; a thread 805; a through hole 806; a balancing column 807; a connecting rod 808; an impact hammer 9 ; Conical portion 901; Transition portion 902; Mounting portion 903; Intercepting plate 10; Inclined plate 1001; Synchronizing plate 1002; Buffer groove 1003; Fixed plate 1004; Mounting groove 1005; Triangular pyramid 1006; First telescopic cylinder 11; Second telescopic cylinder 12; Winch 13; Locking rod 14; Round rod 1401; Locking plate 1402; Contact block 1403; Adjusting ring 1404; Screw 15; Pull wire 16; Articulated seat 17; Shaft rod 18; Drive plate 19; Step 1901; Ear plate 1902; Power transmission gear 20; Adjusting gear 21; Secondary impact rod 22; Spring 23; Hoisting machine 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] like Figure 1-7In the invention, a device is provided for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers, comprising a platform 6 detachably arranged on a dredging suction boat 1, a transfer rod 7 being provided on the platform 6, a force rod 8 and an impact hammer 9 being provided on one side of the transfer rod 7, the force rod 8 and the impact hammer 9 being located on the front side of a rotary drill bit 3, the rotary drill bit 3 being hinged to the dredging suction boat 1 through a support pipe 2, the support pipe 2 being connected to a load-bearing frame 4 through a steel cable 5, the load-bearing frame 4 being fixedly connected to the dredging suction boat 1, a winch 13 being further provided on the upper part of the load-bearing frame 4, the winch 13 being connected to a locking rod 14 through a pull wire 16, the locking rod 14 being slidably connected to the force rod 8, a secondary impact rod 22 and a spring 23 being provided on both sides of the locking rod 14 located inside the force rod 8, the bottom of the secondary impact rod 22 being against the impact hammer 9, the spring 23 being compressed by the locking rod 14 so as to transmit the elastic force to the impact hammer 9 through the secondary impact rod 22. A hoisting machine 24 is provided on the load-bearing frame 4, and the hoisting machine 24 is used to adjust the position and state of the support pipe 2 through the steel cable 5. Due to certain changes in the geology of the water area and the lack of a good construction foundation during construction, when the covering layer is relatively hard, the covering layer is often difficult to break by direct excavation construction using the dredging vessel 1, and the construction efficiency is extremely low. Direct excavation construction using the dredging vessel 1 will cause a large degree of wear to the dredging vessel. First, by turning on the rotary drill bit 3, the entire drill bit is lowered, and an attempt is made to press down to apply force to the hard covering layer. When it cannot be broken, a platform 6 is installed on the support pipe 2, and then a transfer rod 7, a force applying rod 8 and an impact hammer 9 are installed. Then, the impact hammer 9 is used to impact and break the hard covering layer. After the hard covering layer is impacted to form a notch, the rotary drill bit 3 is used to dig into the notch to form a suspended section in the notch, and then it is destroyed again until the hard covering layer is completely broken and collapsed, thereby facilitating the rotary drill bit 3 to perform dredging and suction operations, and complete the dredging and sand taking operations in the area. The operation is convenient and the effect is good.

[0039] like Figure 8-10 In the preferred solution, slide plates 201 are respectively provided on both sides of the support tube 2, and the ends of the slide plates 201 on both sides are connected by locking plates 202, and the locking plates 202 are fixed to the support tube 2 by multiple reinforcing plates 203, and the platform 6 and the slide plates 201 are slidably connected. With this structure, the position of the platform 6 can be changed to change the position of the transfer rod 7 and the force rod 8 on the upper side of the platform 6, thereby adjusting the position of the impact hammer 9, ensuring that the impact hammer 9 is impacted and crushed within a certain range, thereby better evenly dispersing the impact force.

[0040] like Fig.11In the preferred solution, the platform 6 includes a top plate 601, and side plates 602 are respectively provided on both sides of the top plate 601. The inner side of the side plate 602 is provided with an arc surface 603, and a through groove 604 is provided in the arc surface 603. The slide plate 201 is located in the through groove 604. The two sides of the side plate 602 are connected to the support tube 2 through the first telescopic cylinder 11, and the arc surface 603 is attached to the outer side of the support tube 2. With this structure, the position of the platform 6 can be flexibly adjusted by the first telescopic cylinder 11, and the platform support is stable. The locking effect of the platform 6 and the support tube 1 is good. The support tube 2 is provided with a long straight section and an inclined section. The platform 6 and the long straight section are slidably connected, and the platform 6 and the support tube 2 maintain good contact, and the overall force is fully balanced.

[0041] like Figure 12-13 In the preferred solution, the top of the platform 6 is provided with a second telescopic cylinder 12 and an articulated seat 17, and the transfer rod 7 includes a straight extension column 701 and an articulated joint 702, and the straight extension column 701 and the articulated joint 702 are respectively articulated with the second telescopic cylinder 12 and the articulated seat 17 through the shaft 18. With this structure, the angle of the transfer rod 7 relative to the platform 6 can be adjusted by the lifting action of the second telescopic cylinder 12, so that the impact angle of the force rod 8 and the impact hammer 9 can be changed. During the initial operation, the angle between the force rod 8 and the transfer rod 7 is an acute angle, and the force rod 8 is tilted toward the side of the rotary drill bit 3. Since there is an acute angle between the force rod 8 and the transfer rod 7, when impacting the hard covering layer, the impact force is not completely perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and it has the effect of applying force in both the vertical and horizontal directions, which is more conducive to the formation of the notch, and the wedging and chiseling method improves the construction efficiency.

[0042] like Figure 14-17 In the preferred solution, the force-applying rod 8 includes a balance column 807 and an adapter 808, one side of the balance column 807 is connected to the adapter rod 7, the channel 803 is arranged in the balance column 807 and the adapter 808, a second waisted hole 801 is penetrated in the channel 803, the locking rod 14 is penetrated in the second waisted hole 801, and the spring 23 is located on the side close to the adapter rod 7. With this structure, when the impact hammer 9 impacts and breaks the hard covering layer, after the impact hammer 9 contacts the hard covering layer, the state of the winch 13 is changed, the distance of the pull wire 16 is adjusted, thereby changing the position of the locking rod 14, and after the spring 23 is reset and retracted, the locking rod 14 is pushed by elastic recovery and then the secondary impact rod 22 is used to align the end of the impact hammer 9 for a secondary impact, giving a secondary impact force to the hard covering layer, and the impact vibration effect is better.

[0043] like Fig.18In the preferred solution, the locking rod 14 includes a round rod 1401, the round rod 1401 is inserted into the second waist hole 801, the round rod 1401 is provided with a locking disk 1402 on both sides, the pull wire 16 is wound on the locking disk 1402, the middle of the round rod 1401 is provided with a contact block 1403, the contact block 1403 is provided with an adjustment ring 1404 on both sides, and the adjustment ring 1404 is threadedly connected to the round rod 1401. With this structure, the locking rod 14 can move along the axis of the force rod 8, and the locking force can be adjusted by the adjustment ring 1404 to ensure that the locking rod 14 moves smoothly. The locking disk 1402 is provided with a circular arc groove, and the pull wire 16 is wound and fixed in the circular arc groove.

[0044] In the preferred embodiment, a countersunk hole 804 is provided in the adapter 808, the inner diameter of the countersunk hole 804 is larger than the size of the channel 803, a thread 805 is provided in the countersunk hole 804, and the impact hammer 9 includes a mounting portion 903, a transition portion 902 and a conical portion 901 arranged from top to bottom, the mounting portion 903 and the countersunk hole 804 are threadedly connected, a spring 23 is fixedly provided on the side of the channel 803 close to the second notch 802, one side of the spring 23 is affixed to the contact block 1403, a secondary impact rod 22 is also provided in the channel 803, a through hole 806 is provided on the side of the channel 803 close to the countersunk hole 804, and the through hole 806 is arranged through the adapter 808. With this structure, the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the impact hammer 9 are convenient. After a period of use, there will be impact wear, which will cause the front end of the impact hammer 9 to become blunt, affecting the subsequent breaking effect and efficiency. At the same time, due to the large friction generated by the impact contact, a large amount of heat will be generated by the secondary impact rod 22 and the end face of the impact hammer 9. Water enters the through hole 806 and then can quickly dissipate heat. A straight groove is set at the bottom of the secondary impact rod 22, and water can better enter the straight groove and then take away the heat. Since the through hole 806 is relatively small, the secondary impact rod 22 will not be completely lifted, and the position and state of the secondary impact rod 22 in the force rod 8 are relatively stable, ensuring a good force transmission effect during work.

[0045] like Fig. 20In the preferred embodiment, a groove 703 is provided on the lower side of the straight column 701, a first round hole 704 and a slide 705 are provided through the groove 703, a drive plate 19 is provided in the slide 705, a shaft 18 is provided in the second telescopic cylinder 12, the first round hole 704 and the drive plate 19, the drive plate 19 is hinged with the second telescopic cylinder 12 through the shaft 18, the side of the drive plate 19 away from the second telescopic cylinder 12 is connected with an adjustment gear 21 through a force transmission gear 20, the adjustment gear 21 is fixed to the upper part of the force application rod 8, the drive plate 19 is meshed with the force transmission gear 20, and the force transmission gear 20 is meshed with the adjustment gear 21. The drive plate 19 includes a step 1901 and an ear plate 1902, and the ear plate 1902 is hinged with the second telescopic cylinder 12 through the shaft 18. With this structure, the position of the driving plate 19 can be adjusted by the lifting action of the second lifting cylinder 12. When the second lifting cylinder 12 is lifted, the driving plate 19 is squeezed to move forward, thereby engaging the force transmission gear 20 to rotate, and the force transmission gear 20 engages the adjusting gear 21 to rotate, driving the force application rod 8 to open outward. The lifting position of the second telescopic cylinder 12 is different, and the position where the impact hammer 9 impacts the hard covering layer is different. At the same time, there is a certain difference in the impact angle between the impact hammer 9 and the hard covering layer. After the lifting position of the second telescopic cylinder 12 changes, it drives the moving position of the driving plate 19 to be different, thereby changing the rotation of the force transmission gear 20, and finally driving the adjusting gear 21 to rotate, so that when the lifting distance increases, the angle between the transfer rod 7 and the platform 6 increases, thereby increasing the angle between the force application rod 8 and the transfer rod 7, ensuring that the conversion of impact potential energy is more sufficient, the use effect is better, and the efficiency of breaking the hard covering layer is improved.

[0046] In the preferred solution, a second notch 802 is provided on one side of the force rod 8, the adjustment gear 21 is located in the second notch 802, the adjustment gear 21 and the force rod 8 are fixedly connected, a first notch 708 is provided on one side of the transfer rod 7, a first mounting hole 706 and a second mounting hole 707 are penetrated in the first notch 708, and the force transmission gear 20 and the adjustment gear 21 are respectively rotatably arranged in the first mounting hole 706 and the second mounting hole 707 through the shaft 18. With this structure, the impact angle of the force rod 8 and the impact hammer 9 when they are in contact with the hard covering layer can be corrected by changing the position of the transfer rod 7, so as to ensure that the impact hammer performs the impact work within the angle range with better effect.

[0047] like Fig.19In the preferred embodiment, interception plates 10 are detachably provided on both sides of the platform 6, and the interception plates 10 include two inclined plates 1001 arranged opposite to each other, and the ends of the inclined plates 1001 are connected by a synchronization plate 1002. A plurality of buffer grooves 1003 are penetrated through the inclined plates 1001 and the synchronization plates 1002, and two fixed plates 1004 are provided in parallel on the outer side of the synchronization plate 1002. The two fixed plates 1004 and the synchronization plate 1002 are connected to form an installation groove 1005, and the installation groove 1005 is clamped with the platform 6, and the fixed plate 1004 is connected to the platform 6 by screws 15, and a triangular pyramid 1006 is provided at the lower part of the inclined plates 1001 and the synchronization plates 1002. With this structure, after a gap is formed by impact, the triangular pyramid 1006 is initially inserted into the water area. When the dredging head is expanding the hole, the interception plate 10 can stabilize the posture of the support pipe 2, and then provide a semi-enclosed space for the rotating drill bit 3 to buffer the flow of water during construction, ensuring the stability of the dredging state. After the hard covering layer in the area is broken, the dredging vessel 1 is rotated to crush the adjacent area until all the hard covering layers are broken.

[0048] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for flexibly taking sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers, characterized by: The invention comprises a platform (6) which is detachably arranged on a dredging vessel (1), a transfer rod (7) being arranged on the platform (6), a force application rod (8) and an impact hammer (9) being arranged on one side of the transfer rod (7), the force application rod (8) and the impact hammer (9) being located on the front side of a rotary drill bit (3), the rotary drill bit (3) being hinged to the dredging vessel (1) through a support pipe (2), the support pipe (2) being connected to a load-bearing frame (4) through a steel cable (5), the load-bearing frame (4) being fixedly connected to the dredging vessel (1), and the upper portion of the load-bearing frame (4) being A winch (13) is also provided, the winch (13) is connected to the locking rod (14) via a pull wire (16), the locking rod (14) and the force applying rod (8) are slidably connected, a secondary impact rod (22) and a spring (23) are respectively provided on both sides of the locking rod (14) located inside the force applying rod (8), the bottom of the secondary impact rod (22) is against the impact hammer (9), and the locking rod (14) is used to compress the spring (23) so that the elastic force is transmitted to the impact hammer (9) through the secondary impact rod (22).

2. A device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 1, characterized in that: Slide plates (201) are respectively provided on both sides of the support tube (2); ends of the slide plates (201) on both sides are connected via locking plates (202); the locking plates (202) are fixed via a plurality of reinforcing plates (203) and the support tube (2); and the platform (6) and the slide plates (201) are slidably connected.

3. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 2 is characterized by: The platform (6) comprises a top plate (601), side plates (602) are respectively provided on both sides of the top plate (601), arc surfaces (603) are provided on the inner sides of the side plates (602), through grooves (604) are provided in the arc surfaces (603), the slide plate (201) is located in the through grooves (604), the two sides of the side plates (602) are connected to the support tube (2) via the first telescopic cylinder (11), and the arc surfaces (603) are attached to the outer sides of the support tube (2).

4. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 1 is characterized by: A second telescopic cylinder (12) and an articulated seat (17) are provided on the top of the platform (6); the transfer rod (7) comprises a straight extension column (701) and an articulated head (702); the straight extension column (701) and the articulated head (702) are respectively articulated to the second telescopic cylinder (12) and the articulated seat (17) via a shaft rod (18).

5. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The force application rod (8) comprises a balance column (807) and an adapter (808); one side of the balance column (807) is connected to the adapter rod (7); a channel (803) is arranged in the balance column (807) and the adapter (808); a second waist-shaped hole (801) is provided through the channel (803); a locking rod (14) is inserted into the second waist-shaped hole (801); and a spring (23) is located on a side close to the adapter rod (7).

6. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The locking rod (14) comprises a round rod (1401), the round rod (1401) is inserted into the second waist circular hole (801), locking disks (1402) are provided on both sides of the round rod (1401), the pull wire (16) is wound around the locking disks (1402), a contact block (1403) is provided in the middle of the round rod (1401), and adjustment rings (1404) are provided on both sides of the contact block (1403), and the adjustment rings (1404) and the round rod (1401) are threadedly connected.

7. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 5 is characterized by: A countersunk hole (804) is provided in the adapter (808), the inner diameter of the countersunk hole (804) is larger than the size of the channel (803), a thread (805) is provided in the countersunk hole (804), the impact hammer (9) comprises a mounting portion (903), a transition portion (902) and a conical portion (901) arranged from top to bottom, the mounting portion (903) and the countersunk hole (804) are threadedly connected, a spring (23) is fixedly provided on a side of the channel (803) close to the second notch (802), one side of the spring (23) is fitted on the contact block (1403), a secondary impact rod (22) is also provided in the channel (803), a through hole (806) is provided on a side of the channel (803) close to the countersunk hole (804), and the through hole (806) is arranged through the adapter (808).

8. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 4 is characterized by: A groove (703) is provided at the lower side of the straight extension column (701), a first round hole (704) and a slide groove (705) are penetrated in the groove (703), a drive plate (19) is slidably provided in the slide groove (705), a shaft rod (18) is penetrated in the second telescopic cylinder (12), the first round hole (704) and the drive plate (19), the drive plate (19) is hinged to the second telescopic cylinder (12) through the shaft rod (18), a side of the drive plate (19) away from the second telescopic cylinder (12) is connected to an adjustment gear (21) through a force transmission gear (20), the adjustment gear (21) is fixed to the upper part of the force application rod (8), the drive plate (19) and the force transmission gear (20) are meshedly connected, and the force transmission gear (20) and the adjustment gear (21) are meshedly connected.

9. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second notch (802) is provided on one side of the force application rod (8), the adjustment gear (21) is located in the second notch (802), the adjustment gear (21) and the force application rod (8) are fixedly connected, a first notch (708) is provided on one side of the transfer rod (7), a first mounting hole (706) and a second mounting hole (707) are provided through the first notch (708), and the force transmission gear (20) and the adjustment gear (21) are rotatably arranged in the first mounting hole (706) and the second mounting hole (707) respectively through the shaft (18).

10. The device for flexibly extracting sand in shallow water areas with hard covering layers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform (6) is provided with detachable interception plates (10) on both sides. The interception plates (10) include two inclined plates (1001) arranged opposite to each other. The ends of the inclined plates (1001) are connected via a synchronous plate (1002). A plurality of buffer grooves (1003) are provided through the inclined plates (1001) and the synchronous plates (1002). Two fixed plates (1004) are provided in parallel on the outer side of the synchronous plates (1002). The two fixed plates (1004) and the synchronous plates (1002) are connected to form a mounting groove (1005). The mounting groove (1005) is clamped to the platform (6). The fixed plates (1004) are connected to the platform (6) via screws (15). A triangular pyramid (1006) is provided at the bottom of the inclined plates (1001) and the synchronous plates (1002).

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