Shell structure of tubular heat exchanger

Abstract

The utility model provides a shell structure of a tube type heat exchanger, which solves the problems that the existing shell structure of the tube type heat exchanger is generally designed into an integrated cylinder, the occupied volume of a shell is larger, the shell is difficult to manufacture and transport, and the length of the shell is longer, so that the shell is inconvenient to maintain or clean. The shell of the cylindrical structure is divided into the two semicircular shells which are the same in structure and size, the structure is simplified, large-scale production is facilitated, meanwhile, the semicircular shells can be stacked together, the occupied size of the shells is reduced, and transportation is facilitated; according to the tubular heat exchanger, the two oppositely-arranged semicircular shells can be fixedly sealed through the bolts, the stable and sealed shell of the cylindrical structure is formed, the tubular heat exchanger can be conveniently maintained or cleaned, the operation complexity is remarkably reduced through the detachable structure, the downtime is shortened, and the maintenance cost is effectively reduced.

Description

A shell structure for a tubular heat exchanger Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of shell and tube heat exchanger technology, and in particular to a shell and tube heat exchanger shell structure. Background Technology

[0002] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are commonly used equipment in industries such as petroleum, chemical, nuclear power, special boiler systems, light industry, and food processing. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger mainly consists of a shell, tube bundle, tube sheet, baffles, and end caps. The shell is generally circular, and the tube bundle contains anywhere from a few hundred to over a thousand tubes. The tube bundle is fixed at both ends to the tube sheet and passes through small holes in multiple baffles.

[0003] Existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers typically feature a one-piece cylindrical shell structure. While this structure is simple and reliable, it also has significant drawbacks: the shell occupies a large volume, making manufacturing and transportation difficult, especially for large-diameter or ultra-long equipment, where high processing precision and transportation conditions are required. Furthermore, due to the long shell length, maintenance or cleaning requires the complete disassembly of the tube bundle, which is complex and time-consuming, increasing downtime and maintenance costs. In addition, the uneven fluid flow inside existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers leads to energy waste and low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the background art, the shell structure of the current shell-and-tube heat exchanger is usually a one-piece cylindrical design, which occupies a large volume, is difficult to manufacture and transport, and is also long and inconvenient to maintain or clean. This utility model proposes a shell structure for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is: a shell structure for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, including a shell, which is a cylindrical structure extending in the left-right direction, and the shell includes two opposing semi-circular shells;

[0006] Both the front and rear ends of the semi-circular shell are fixedly provided with outwardly extending flanges along their axial direction. Multiple first through holes are provided on the flanges, spaced apart along their extension direction and open from top to bottom. The first through holes on two adjacent flanges correspond one to one. Bolts are inserted into the two corresponding first through holes. The bolts are used to fix and seal the two oppositely arranged semi-circular shells through the first through holes on the flanges.

[0007] Preferably, the right end flange of the shell is connected to a first end cap with a left opening structure, the left end flange of the shell is connected to a second end cap with a right opening structure, a first tube sheet is fixed between the shell and the first end cap, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending to the left are fixedly inserted on the first tube sheet, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes are located inside the shell.

[0008] Preferably, a cross plate is provided inside the shell, with the left and right ends of the cross plate flush with the left and right ends of the shell, and the upper and lower ends of the cross plate abutting against the inner walls of the two semi-circular shells. The cross plate divides the interior of the shell into four cavities. The multiple heat exchange tubes include four sets of heat exchange tubes spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the shell, with the four sets of heat exchange tubes located in the four cavities respectively.

[0009] The first tube sheet is sealed at the right end of the four cavities. The right end of the heat exchange tube is flush with the right side of the first tube sheet and communicates with the inside of the first end cap. The left end of each group of heat exchange tubes is fixedly provided with a second tube sheet. The second tube sheet is sealed at the left end of the cavity. The left end of the heat exchange tube is flush with the left side of the first tube sheet and communicates with the inside of the second end cap.

[0010] Preferably, the front and rear ends of the cross plate are located between two semi-circular shells. The front and rear ends of the cross plate are provided with multiple second through holes that are vertically open and correspond to the first through hole vertically. Bolts are inserted into the second through holes to fix the cross plate in the shell.

[0011] Preferably, the first end cap is fixedly connected to and communicates with the tube-side inlet pipe and the tube-side outlet pipe, and a T-shaped plate is fixedly provided inside the first end cap;

[0012] A partition plate is fixed at the axis of the second end cap. The T-shaped plate and the partition plate can connect the four sets of heat exchange tubes located in the four cavities to form a continuous heat exchange channel.

[0013] Preferably, the top right end of the shell is fixedly connected to and connected to a shell-side inlet pipe, and the bottom right end of the shell is fixedly connected to and connected to a shell-side outlet pipe.

[0014] A first connecting hole with front and back opening is opened at the upper left end of the cross plate, a second connecting hole with front and back opening is opened at the lower left end of the cross plate, and a third connecting hole with top and bottom opening is opened at the rear right end of the cross plate. The first connecting hole, the second connecting hole and the third connecting hole can connect the four cavities in series to form a continuous heat exchange channel.

[0015] Advantages of this utility model: (1) By dividing the cylindrical shell into two semi-circular shells of the same structure and size, the structure is simplified and large-scale production is facilitated. At the same time, multiple semi-circular shells can be stacked together to reduce the volume occupied by the shell and facilitate transportation. A flange is provided on the semi-circular shell, and a first through hole is provided on the flange. The two oppositely arranged semi-circular shells can be fixed and sealed by bolts to form a stable and sealed cylindrical shell. This design not only ensures that the two semi-circular shells can be tightly assembled together, so as not to affect their normal use, but also allows the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to be easily opened and inspected, cleaned or replaced by simply disassembling one of the semi-circular shells when it is being maintained or cleaned. This detachable structure significantly reduces the complexity of operation and reduces downtime, effectively reducing maintenance costs.

[0016] (2) By setting a T-shaped plate in the first end cap and a partition plate in the second end cap, the T-shaped plate and the partition plate can connect the four sets of heat exchange tubes in the four cavities to form a continuous heat exchange channel. This allows the fluid entering from the tube side inlet pipe to flow through the four sets of heat exchange tubes in the four cavities in sequence, forming a series heat exchange effect, extending the flow path, improving the uniformity of internal fluid flow, and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0017] (3) By opening a first connecting hole at the upper left end of the cross plate, a second connecting hole at the lower left end of the cross plate, and a third connecting hole at the rear right end of the cross plate, the first connecting hole, the second connecting hole and the third connecting hole can connect the four cavities in series to form a continuous heat exchange channel II, so that the fluid entering from the shell-side inlet pipe can flow through the four cavities in sequence, forming a series heat exchange effect, extending the flow path, improving the uniformity of internal fluid flow, and improving heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first end cap in Figure 1 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second end cap in Figure 1 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange tube of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross plate and one of the semi-circular shells of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the first tube sheet of this utility model.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Shell; 11. Semi-circular shell; 12. Flanged edge; 13. Bolt; 14. Shell-side inlet tube; 15. Shell-side outlet tube; 2. First end cap; 21. Tube-side inlet tube; 22. Tube-side outlet tube; 23. T-shaped plate; 3. Second end cap; 31. Partition plate; 4. First tube sheet; 5. Heat exchange tube; 6. Cross plate; 61. First connecting hole; 62. Second connecting hole; 63. Third connecting hole; 7. Cavity; 71. First cavity; 72. Second cavity; 73. Third cavity; 74. Fourth cavity; 8. Second tube sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] Example 1: A shell structure for a tubular heat exchanger, as shown in Figures 1-6, includes a shell 1, which is a cylindrical structure extending in the left-right direction. The shell 1 includes two opposing semi-circular shells 11. Each semi-circular shell 11 has an outwardly extending flange 12 fixed at its front and rear end edges. The flange 12 has multiple first through holes spaced apart along its extension direction and open vertically. The first through holes on two adjacent flanges 12 are vertically corresponding. Bolts 13 are inserted into the two corresponding first through holes. The bolts 13 are used to fix and seal the two opposing semi-circular shells 11 through the first through holes on the flanges 12.

[0028] By dividing the cylindrical shell 1 into two semi-circular shells 11 of the same structure and size, the structure is simplified, facilitating mass production. Multiple semi-circular shells 11 can be stacked together, reducing the volume occupied by the shell and facilitating transportation. A flange 12 is provided on each semi-circular shell 11, with a first through hole. Bolts 13 can be used to fix and seal the two opposing semi-circular shells 11, forming a stable and sealed cylindrical shell 1. This design ensures that the two semi-circular shells 11 can be tightly assembled without affecting normal use. Furthermore, during maintenance or cleaning of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, only one semi-circular shell 11 needs to be disassembled to easily open the heat exchanger and inspect, clean, or replace internal components. This detachable structure significantly reduces operational complexity and downtime, effectively lowering maintenance costs.

[0029] The right end flange of the shell 1 is connected to a first end cap 2 with a left opening structure, and the left end flange of the shell 1 is connected to a second end cap 3 with a right opening structure. A first tube sheet 4 is fixed between the shell 1 and the first end cap 2. Multiple heat exchange tubes 5 extending to the left are fixedly inserted through the first tube sheet 4. The multiple heat exchange tubes 5 are located inside the shell 1. A cross plate 6 is provided inside the shell 1. The left and right ends of the cross plate 6 are flush with the left and right ends of the shell 1. The upper and lower ends of the cross plate 6 abut against the inner walls of two semi-circular shells 11. The cross plate 6 divides the interior of the shell 1 into four cavities 7. The multiple heat exchange tubes 5 include four groups spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the shell 1. The heat exchange tubes 5 are arranged in four chambers 7. The first tube sheet 4 is sealed at the right end of the four chambers 7. The right end of the heat exchange tube 5 is flush with the right side of the first tube sheet 4 and communicates with the inside of the first end cap 2. The left end of each heat exchange tube 5 is fixedly provided with a second tube sheet 8. The second tube sheet 8 is sealed at the left end of the chamber 7. The left end of the heat exchange tube 5 is flush with the left side of the first tube sheet 4 and communicates with the inside of the second end cap 3. This makes the four chambers 7 form a sealed structure, optimizes the fluid distribution, ensures that the fluid flows evenly around each heat exchange tube, reduces the flow dead zone, and thus improves the overall heat exchange performance.

[0030] The front and rear ends of the cross plate 6 are located between the two semi-circular shells 11. The front and rear ends of the cross plate 6 are provided with multiple second through holes that are vertically open and correspond to the first through hole. The bolts 13 are inserted into the second through holes to fix the cross plate 6 in the shell 1.

[0031] The first end cap 2 is fixedly connected to and communicates with the tube-side inlet pipe 21 and the tube-side outlet pipe 22. A T-shaped plate 23 is fixedly installed inside the first end cap 2, and a partition plate 31 is fixedly installed at the axis of the second end cap 3. The T-shaped plate 23 and the partition plate 31 can connect the four sets of heat exchange tubes 5 located in the four cavities 7 in series to form a continuous heat exchange channel 1. This allows the fluid entering from the tube-side inlet pipe 21 to flow through the four sets of heat exchange tubes 5 in the four cavities 7 in sequence, forming a series heat exchange effect, extending the flow path, improving the uniformity of internal fluid flow, and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0032] The four chambers 7 are divided into the first chamber 71, the second chamber 72, the third chamber 73, and the fourth chamber 74 from front to back and from top to bottom. The fluid enters the first end cap 2 from the tube-side inlet pipe 21, is blocked by the T-shaped plate 23, enters the heat exchange tube 5 of the first chamber 71, then enters the second end cap 3, is blocked by the partition plate 31, flows backward and turns back into the heat exchange tube 5 of the second chamber 72, then enters the first end cap 2, is blocked by the T-shaped plate 23, flows downward and turns back into the heat exchange tube 5 of the fourth chamber 74, then enters the second end cap 3, is blocked by the partition plate 31, flows forward and turns back into the heat exchange tube 5 of the third chamber 73, then enters the first end cap 2, and is discharged through the tube-side outlet pipe 22.

[0033] The shell-side inlet pipe 14 is fixedly connected to and communicates with the top right end of the shell 1, and the shell-side outlet pipe 15 is fixedly connected to and communicates with the bottom right end of the shell 1. A first connecting hole 61 with front and back penetration is opened on the upper left end of the cross plate 6, a second connecting hole 62 with front and back penetration is opened on the lower left end of the cross plate 6, and a third connecting hole 63 with upper and lower penetration is opened on the rear right end of the cross plate 6. The first connecting hole 61, the second connecting hole 62 and the third connecting hole 63 can connect the four cavities 7 in series to form a continuous heat exchange channel II, so that the fluid entering from the shell-side inlet pipe 14 can flow through the four cavities 7 in sequence, forming a series heat exchange effect, extending the flow path, improving the uniformity of internal fluid flow, and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0034] The fluid enters the first cavity 71 from the shell-side inlet pipe 14, moves to the left to the left end of the first cavity 71, enters the second cavity 72 through the first connecting hole 61, moves to the right to the right end of the second cavity 72, enters the fourth cavity 74 through the third connecting hole 63, moves to the left to the left end of the fourth cavity 74, enters the third cavity 73 through the second connecting hole 62, moves to the right to the right end of the third cavity 73, and is discharged through the shell-side outlet pipe 15.

[0035] Working principle: The fluid enters and exits the heat exchange tubes 5. The fluid enters the first end cap 2 from the tube-side inlet pipe 21, is blocked by the T-shaped plate 23, enters the heat exchange tubes 5 in the first cavity 71, then enters the second end cap 3, is blocked by the partition plate 31, flows backward and turns back into the heat exchange tubes 5 in the second cavity 72, then enters the first end cap 2, is blocked by the T-shaped plate 23, flows downward and turns back into the heat exchange tubes 5 in the fourth cavity 74, then enters the second end cap 3, is blocked by the partition plate 31, flows forward and turns back into the heat exchange tubes 5 in the third cavity 73, then enters the first end cap 2, and is discharged through the tube-side outlet pipe 22.

[0036] The fluid enters and exits the cavity 7. The fluid enters the first cavity 71 from the shell-side inlet pipe 14, moves to the left to the left end of the first cavity 71, enters the second cavity 72 through the first connecting hole 61, moves to the right to the right end of the second cavity 72, enters the fourth cavity 74 through the third connecting hole 63, moves to the left to the left end of the fourth cavity 74, enters the third cavity 73 through the second connecting hole 62, moves to the right to the right end of the third cavity 73, and is discharged through the shell-side outlet pipe 15.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims and not by the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A shell structure for a tubular heat exchanger, characterized in that: Includes a shell (1), which is a cylindrical structure extending in the left and right direction. The shell (1) includes two opposing semi-circular shells (11). The front and rear ends of the semi-circular shells (11) are fixedly provided with flanges (12) that extend outward and are arranged in their axial direction. Multiple first through holes are provided on the flanges (12) that are spaced apart in their extension direction and are open from top to bottom. The first through holes on the two adjacent flanges (12) correspond to each other one by one. Bolts (13) are inserted into the two corresponding first through holes. The bolts (13) are used to fix and seal the two opposing semi-circular shells (11) through the first through holes on the flanges (12).

2. The shell structure of a tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end flange of the shell (1) is connected to a first end cap (2) with a left opening structure, and the left end flange of the shell (1) is connected to a second end cap (3) with a right opening structure. A first tube sheet (4) is fixed between the shell (1) and the first end cap (2). Multiple heat exchange tubes (5) extending to the left are fixedly inserted on the first tube sheet (4). The multiple heat exchange tubes (5) are located inside the shell (1).

3. The shell structure of a tubular heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a cross plate (6). The left and right ends of the cross plate (6) are flush with the left and right ends of the shell (1). The upper and lower ends of the cross plate (6) abut against the inner walls of the two semi-circular shells (11). The cross plate (6) divides the interior of the shell (1) into four cavities (7). Multiple heat exchange tubes (5) include four sets of heat exchange tubes (5) spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the shell (1). The four sets of heat exchange tubes (5) are located in the four cavities (7) respectively. The first tube plate (4) is sealed at the right end of the four cavities (7). The right end of the heat exchange tube (5) is flush with the right side of the first tube plate (4) and communicates with the interior of the first end cap (2). The left end of each set of heat exchange tubes (5) is fixedly provided with a second tube plate (8). The second tube plate (8) is sealed at the left end of the cavity (7). The left end of the heat exchange tube (5) is flush with the left side of the first tube plate (4) and communicates with the interior of the second end cap (3).

4. The shell structure of a tubular heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the cross plate (6) are located between two semi-circular shells (11). The front and rear ends of the cross plate (6) are provided with multiple second through holes that are vertically open and correspond to the first through hole vertically. The bolt (13) is inserted into the second through hole and is used to fix the cross plate (6) in the shell (1).

5. The shell structure of a tubular heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first end cap (2) is fixedly connected to and connected to the tube side inlet pipe (21) and the tube side outlet pipe (22). A T-shaped plate (23) is fixedly provided inside the first end cap (2). A partition plate (31) is fixedly provided at the axis of the second end cap (3). The T-shaped plate (23) and the partition plate (31) can connect the four sets of heat exchange tubes (5) located in the four cavities (7) in series to form a continuous heat exchange channel.

6. The shell structure of a tubular heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shell (1) is fixedly connected to the top right end and connected to the shell-side inlet pipe (14), and the shell (1) is fixedly connected to the bottom right end and connected to the shell-side outlet pipe (15). The upper left end of the cross plate (6) is provided with a first connecting hole (61) that is open from front to back, the lower left end of the cross plate (6) is provided with a second connecting hole (62) that is open from front to back, and the rear right end of the cross plate (6) is provided with a third connecting hole (63) that is open from top to bottom. The first connecting hole (61), the second connecting hole (62) and the third connecting hole (63) can connect the four cavities (7) in series to form a continuous heat exchange channel.

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