Illuminatable laminated glass element of a vehicle, vehicle with such an illuminable laminated glass element

Abstract

The invention relates to an illuminable laminated glass element for a vehicle with a guiding layer and an electroactive device carrying an optical insulating coating. Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Illuminatable laminated glass element for a vehicle, vehicle with such an illuminable laminated glass element

[0001] The present invention relates to an illuminable laminated glass element for a vehicle, in particular a laminated glass element for a road vehicle with light-emitting diodes.

[0002] Light-emitting diodes have been used for automotive glass roofs, in particular panoramic laminated roofs with LED lighting as described in document WO2010049638. The light emitted by the diodes is introduced edge-on into the inner glazing forming a guide, the light being extracted from the glazing by a diffusing layer on the glazing.

[0003] To improve light extraction, document WO2015118279 proposes a luminous laminated vehicle roof integrating within the thermoplastic laminate interlayer a fluoropolymer film of at least 600nm thickness, with a refractive index n2 at 550nm, the inner glass being a light guide with a refractive index ni, nl-n2 being at least 0.08, the fluoropolymer film then forming an optical insulator between the inner glass and a tinted element such as the outer glass or an electro-controllable system with variable optical properties, in particular with liquid crystals above the optical insulator.

[0004] The present invention sought to develop an illuminable laminated glass element for a vehicle and carrying an electroactive device that is alternating.

[0005] To this end, the present invention relates to an illuminable laminated glass element for a vehicle, particularly a road vehicle (automobile: car, truck, public transport: bus, coach, etc.) or a railway vehicle (trains, metros, trams), comprising laminated glass (preferably curved) - transparent (at least in a clear (central) window) - preferably a roof (canopy, opening) or side glazing (opening, fixed), particularly rear or front, or even a windshield or rear window comprising:

[0006] - a first (convex), transparent sheet, made of mineral glass, - clear or tinted- intended to form the outer glass, with a first main face Fl (intended to be oriented towards the outside of the vehicle) and a second main face F2 opposite in particular bare or coated with a transparent functional coating (in the clear part of the glass) and a first slice, in particular of thickness of at most Ipm or 200nm, for a road motor vehicle and even a car of thickness preferably of at most 4mm, or even of at most 2.5mm, even of at most 2.2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and even at least 0.7mm thick, for example with a refractive index nv of at least 1.5 in the visible

[0007] - a second (convex) transparent sheet (at least in the clear glass) (central)), made of mineral or polymer glass, preferably extra clear, with a refractive index of 0 in the visible range, with a third main face F3 and a fourth main face F4 opposite, preferably bare or coated with a functional coating (transparent) - in the clear part of the glass - and a second layer, in particular a functional coating with a thickness of at most Ipm or 200nm, the second layer preferably made of mineral glass, the third face F3 oriented towards the outside of the vehicle and the fourth face F4 towards the passenger compartment, in particular with a thickness of at least 0.7mm (to promote light guidance), possibly less than that of the first glass layer, even at most 2.2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - or even at most 1.3mm or at most 1mm, the total thickness of the first and second layers being preferably strictly less than 5 or 4mm, even 3.7mm.

[0008] - between the first and second sheets, a polymer laminate interlayer, in particular transparent (at least in the clear (central) area - in adhesive contact with the second bare or coated face F2 (and with the third bare or coated face F3) and, - in particular a single or multilayer laminate interlayer and even single or multilayer) - the laminate interlayer comprising an upper interlayer, on the second face side, - clear or tinted - preferably in adhesive contact with the second face F2 or with a functional transparent coating on the face F2 (in the clear area) in particular a coating with a thickness of at most Ipm or 200nm, and a lower interlayer (32) - with a refractive index n3 in the visible - on the third face side,

[0009] The laminated glazing according to the invention also comprises:

[0010] - between the upper and lower interlayers, an electroactive device, preferably with variable diffusion, containing an electroactive layer, preferably comprising liquid crystals and a polymer phase and with optional colorants (in particular droplets dispersed in the polymer matrix, "PDLC" layer), between an upper support with a top edge and a top principal face Fs oriented towards face F2 and comprising a top electrode, and a lower support with a bottom edge, the lower support comprising a bottom electrode, the electroactive layer being between (and even in contact with) the bottom and top electrodes, the lower support being closer to face F3 than the upper support and comprising a front principal face Fa oriented towards face F2 and an opposite rear principal face Fb oriented towards face F3

[0011] - between the electroactive device and the lower interlayer a layer optical insulator, with a refractive index n2 in the visible, n2 is less than ni, optical insulating layer, transparent (at least in the clear of the (central) window), of submillimeter thickness Ei and of at least 400nm.

[0012] According to the invention, the lower support, preferably a polymer, in particular a thermoplastic, and even more preferably made of a material distinct from a fluoropolymer and a crosslinked adhesive material, comprises on the rear face Fb the optical insulating layer which is an optical insulating coating, made of a material comprising a matrix distinct from a fluoropolymer, (and a first edge), in particular in adhesive contact with the lower intercalated layer.

[0013] - preferably the second sheet being extra clear and the interlayer lower layer being clear, untinted, and even the first sheet and / or the upper intermediate layer being tinted (first sheet clear if solar control coating in F2)

[0014] - the optical insulating layer which is an optical insulating coating, in particular in contact with a diffusing coating (discontinuous area, forming a means of light extraction)

[0015] - the second sheet has a refractive index, preferably of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53 in the visible (especially glass sheet, preferably extra clear), n2 is less than ni (and even n3) - in the visible-.

[0016] The difference in refractive indices nl-n2 being at least 0.06 in the visible, and better at least one of the following values: 0.07, 0.08 or even 0.13. In particular if nl>n3, nl-n3 can be less than 0.05.

[0017] Preferably, the refractive index of any layer according to the invention is defined for a reference value in a range from 550 to 630 nm, preferably to 600 nm. Preferably, the difference in refractive indices ni - n2 is verified for the entire visible spectral range of the light source.

[0018] In particular, the light injection is in a lower part of the glazed element, under the optical insulating coating, preferably in the second sheet (via an internal wall of a hole or with injection through the edge or via the fourth face F4, as detailed later).

[0019] The lower support (and preferably the upper support as well) and the optical insulating coating are preferably not based on a fluoropolymer (defined as having a fluorocarbon-based repeating motif) that adheres poorly to the lamination interlayer or requires corona treatment. According to the invention, a polymer of the optical insulating coating and / or the lower support may have a non-fluorocarbon repeating motif (in its main chain) but whose secondary functions (grafts, side chain) may contain fluorocarbons.

[0020] For the lower support, one can choose even an ultrathin glass (of at most 0.6mm) and even for the lower support an all mineral solution with a mineral (or hybrid) optical insulating coating, for example to make a liquid deposition in particular a (nano)porous silica gel sol or even of MgF2.

[0021] The mineral and / or organic optical insulating coating may be porous and / or have low index particles (hollow etc.) in particular to lower the refractive index.

[0022] The lower support can preferably be a polymer film, rather than even ultrathin glass which can break, and even an all-polymer solution with a polymer matrix optical insulating coating, for example deposited by liquid means such as inkjet printing. By mineral (or hybrid) means, the deposition is, for example, physical vapor deposition, or by sol-gel deposition.

[0023] This allows for limiting the number of films added (and the total thickness) to achieve both optical insulation and electrode carrier functions (without compromising their quality), thus simplifying manufacturing and freeing up face F2, which can be bare or coated. Furthermore, light extraction is improved by limiting stray light transmitted through the optical insulating coating.

[0024] The glazing preferably also comprises a barrier element at the periphery of the electroactive device (in particular a variable diffusion device and even a PDLC), separating the electroactive layer (in particular the PDLC layer) from the laminate interlayer. The barrier element, in particular a polymer (for example, a thermoplastic) and even without plasticizers, is located around the perimeter of the electroactive layer. The barrier element may be in contact with and / or at a distance from the electroactive layer (in particular the PDLC layer), in particular separating the electroactive layer (in particular the PDLC) from the upper interlayer, the lower interlayer, a frame layer, or the laminate interlayer framing the electroactive device (in particular if the electroactive device is at least 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm thick).

[0025] Advantageously, to further increase the luminance:

[0026] - the difference in refractive indices nl-n2 is at least 0.08 in the visible and better than at least one of the following values: 0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35,

[0027] - the thickness Ei is at least 500nm or 800nm, 900nm, lpm and preferably less than or equal to one of the following values: 1pm, 5pm, 3pm, 2pm.

[0028] For mechanical strength (particularly if low-index nanoparticles or porosity in the optical insulating coating) and / or depending on product availability (less readily available at very low indices), it may be desirable to limit the difference in indices of refraction ni -n2 and choose at most 0.2 or at most 0.15 and preferably at least 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, this in particular for ni from 1.5 to 1.53.

[0029] The lower substrate (and possibly also the lower and upper interlayers, second sheet, and upper substrate) exhibits a blur of at most 1°, or even 0.5° (outside areas with light extraction means). Inclusions and pinholes are preferred to be avoided.

[0030] In particular with ni of 1.5 to 1.53 in the visible (standard glass sheet), in particular at 600nm and preferably from 500nm to 750nm and even from 380nm to 750nm, n2 and / or the average index n2m may be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.42, 1.41, 1.40, 1.39, 1.38, 1.37, 1.36, 1.35, 1.34, 1.33, 1.32, 1.31, 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26, 1.25, 1.2, 1.19, 1.18, 1.16, 1.17, 1.15.

[0031] In particular with ni of at least 1.55 in the visible, the refractive index n2 in the visible in particular at 600nm and preferably from 500nm to 750nm and even from 380nm to 750nm can also be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.50, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47.

[0032] The optical insulating coating can occupy at least 80%, 90%, 95% and even 100% (non-marginal) of the surface of the lower support (face Fb).

[0033] The electroactive device (including the lower support etc.) can occupy at least 90%, 95%, 98% of the surface of the laminated glazing preferably with its edge surrounded by the lamination interlayer (by creep of upper and / or lower interlayer layer if sufficiently thin device or via a peripheral frame layer).

[0034] In particular, a lower (and even upper) polymer (thermoplastic) support without plasticizers is chosen, in particular polyethylene terephthalate PET.

[0035] The optical insulating coating can have good adhesion to the lower support according to the invention, preferably polymer (and even thermoplastic) and even PET.

[0036] For example, the lower support, preferably polymer (better thermoplastic), has a smooth face on the Fb side, with a low surface roughness of at most Ipm.

[0037] For improved optical quality, the thickness Ei of the optical insulating coating varies by a maximum of ±5%. The thickness Ei is kept as low as possible to avoid high material costs without degrading the optical function.

[0038] The tint can be adjusted independently of the choice of the electroactive device.

[0039] Optionally, the first sheet is tinted and / or the upper interlayer is tinted and / or the lower (and / or upper) support, in particular polymer (preferably polyester, PET), is tinted in particular with colorimetric coordinates such as lal and lbl< 5. And the lower interlayer, based on PVB in particular with at least 10% plasticizers, is clear and the second sheet is extra-clear glass.

[0040] The optical insulating coating is transparent. It may be untinted (clear, without coloring agent) in particular having (alone) a light transmission of at least 80% or at least 90% or tinted.

[0041] In a configuration:

[0042] - laminated glazing, like a roof, exhibits light transmission (with illuminant A), in particular from 5% to 40%, and in particular the first sheet and / or the upper interlayer and / or the lower (and / or upper) support, preferably polymer (in particular polyester, PET), is tinted, in particular having a non-zero light transmission (with illuminant A) of at most 45% or 40%, in particular of at least 10% or 5%

[0043] - laminated glazing, such as side glazing, particularly fixed rear (quarter window) or opening- in particular having a light transmission (with illuminant A) of 20% to 60%, and in particular and in particular the first sheet and / or the upper interlayer and / or the lower (and / or upper) support, preferably polymer (in particular polyester, PET), is tinted having a light transmission (with illuminant A) of no more than 60% in particular of at least 20%.

[0044] The side glazing can be fixed (in a sliding or hinged door) or opening.

[0045] The optical insulating coating preferably extends throughout the clear (central) part of the laminated glazing, its edge being in particular under a masking layer (in particular frame) (ink or enamel, opaque: black etc) closer to face F2 than the latter, which is a full opaque layer and possibly with discontinuous opaque patterns (gradient for more transparency towards the center), opaque layer detailed later.

[0046] The optical insulating coating is preferably a continuous layer that occupies all the clear glass and all or part of the coated face Fb.

[0047] For example, the lower support has on the injection side a marginal area without the optical insulating coating of at most 5mm, 4mm or 1mm (in particular frame or on one or more sides forming one or more marginal bands).

[0048] The optical insulating coating is, for simplicity, a monolayer but can be manufactured in one or more passes (by liquid method).

[0049] The optical insulating coating may be topped with a functional (over)layer, in particular a protective layer: a diffusion barrier and / or mechanical protection, for example, a film of at most 100 µm and at least 30 µm, or a coating of at most 10 µm. An optical insulating coating may be chosen with a matrix (organic, mineral) and low-index nanoparticles (or hollow and / or porous) with a dense overlayer (organic, mineral) of the same matrix.

[0050] Preferably, in particular to simplify manufacturing, on the lower support, preferably a polymer, preferably thermoplastic or even crosslinked, the optical insulating coating can be organic, crosslinked polymer or thermoplastic, and the organic protective overlayer, for example thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer.

[0051] The lower (and even upper) support according to the invention, preferably polymer, not sticking to the glass, is in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer which links the first and second sheets.

[0052] Thus, in one embodiment, the lower interlayer is in adhesive contact with the lower substrate on both the front face (Fa) and the front face (Fb). In particular, the adhesive contact may be over the entire surface of the functional coating and in adhesive contact with the entire surface of the optical insulating coating. Optionally, a diffusing coating—forming light extraction means—is on the lower thermoplastic (PVB) interlayer, either localized or discontinuous (a set of patterns, etc.), and is in contact with the optical insulating coating or is even deposited on the optical insulating coating.

[0053] The optical insulating coating may comprise (be made of) an organic or hybrid mineral matrix, with said index n2 preferably of at most 1.42 or 1.4 (in particular if ni of 1.51 to 1.53), optical insulating coating clear (untinted) or optionally tinted by coloring agent (molecular or pigment).

[0054] The optical insulating coating may comprise at least 99% by weight of crosslinked polymer, optional photoinitiators, rheological agents.

[0055] The optical insulating coating is preferably deposited by liquid means.

[0056] The surface of the optical insulating coating (before assembly) is non-sticky and involving the use of a laminating interlayer. The surface of the optical insulating coating is, in particular, non-sticky to the touch when applied to glass. The lower interlayer is in adhesive contact with the surface of the optical insulating coating.

[0057] The optical insulating coating is, in particular, a varnish that can be obtained from a photocurable resin and with photoinitiators if necessary, or from a thermocurable resin, a two-component mixture, etc. A layer of crosscurable resin is deposited on the polymer film. Once the material is crosscured, the free surface is not sticky.

[0058] In particular, the optical insulating coating comprises (is made of) a crosslinked polymer matrix with said index n2 preferably of at most 1.42 (or 1.4 or 1.35), matrix preferably among polyacrylate-based polymers (for example, to have a refractive index of at most 1.42 or 1.4) with optional fluorinated function (to have the lowest possible refractive index), in particular urethane acrylate or fluorourethane acrylate or fluorosilicone acrylate, or even silicone (for example with a refractive index of at most 1.4 or 1.3) including polydimethylsiloxane, epoxy polymer, polyepoxides, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyester.

[0059] Preferably the optical insulating coating is free of free silicone, of volatile silicone component (source of surface pollution).

[0060] The polyacrylate described herein refers to any polymer containing repeating units derived from acrylate. The repeating unit may be substituted or unsubstituted within the permitted valence range. The acrylate polymer may be homopolymer and / or copolymer. In this text, polyacrylate comprises one or more polymethyl acrylates, polyethylene acrylate, polypropylene methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene methacrylate, polyethylene methacrylate, or polypropylene methacrylate.

[0061] The epoxy polymer described herein refers to the polymer obtained after polymerization of substances containing epoxy bonds. The epoxy polymer comprises one or more bisphenol A epoxy, bisphenol A epoxy, halogenated phenolic epoxy, phenolic epoxy, cycloaliphatic epoxy, or bisphenol S epoxy resin.

[0062] The crosslinked polymer material (of the optical insulating coating) may preferably be based on (or essentially composed of) a polymer combined with one or more other functional groups, such as an acrylate group for photo-crosslinking (crosslinked polymer material based on urethane acrylate or silicone acrylate) and / or a fluorine group to lower the refractive index (crosslinked polymer material based on fluorourethane acrylate or fluorosilicone acrylate). Thus, the crosslinked polymer material of the optical insulating coating is preferably a polymer based on acrylate, urethane acrylate, or even silicone or silicone acrylate, the polymer also having a fluorine group.

[0063] Depending on the desired properties, the acrylate group can be used for photocrosslinking (for an acrylate urethane or an acrylate silicone). The acrylate group enables the photocrosslinking of the polymer, whose backbone is composed of other groups such as urethane.

[0064] The optical insulating coating according to the invention may, in particular, be a liquid-based coating obtained from a formulation preferably photocurable by ultraviolet (UV, in particular UVA) or a two-component coating cured by chemical reaction. UV(A) curing is preferred because it is faster and the equipment is less expensive / more compact than that used by chemical reaction.

[0065] In a first example of optical insulating coating, a UV curable acrylate-based resin is deposited on the preferably polymer film.

[0066] In a second example of optical insulating coating, a single-component UV curable resin based on acrylates (urethane acrylate) is deposited on the polymer film.

[0067] In a third example of optical insulating coating, a silicone-based UV curable resin is deposited on the preferably polymer film.

[0068] The optical insulating coating (tinted or clear - untinted) may comprise, or even be composed of, a matrix with a refractive index n2m greater than n2 and less than n1, and preferably with n2m of at most 1.48 and n2 preferably of at most 1.42, and comprising (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles, in particular hollow ones with an external diameter of at most 300 nm or even at most 100 nm, for example, hollow silica nanoparticles. Preferably, the optical insulating coating is free of free silicone and volatile silicone components (a source of surface pollution).

[0069] The matrix may be organic, in particular crosslinked polymer or thermoplastic, in particular selected from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, PVB or the matrix may be mineral in particular silica.

[0070] We can cite the already described low index polymers if we want to lower n2 further.

[0071] The optical insulating coating comprises in particular at most 60% by volume fraction of (nano)poroses and / or low index (nano)particles or one of the following values: 40, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%.

[0072] The refractive index n2 can be customized according to the volume of low-index or hollow nanopores or nanoparticles. As a first approximation, the following relationship can be used to calculate the index:

[0073] n2=f.n2m+(lf).neff where f is the volume fraction of the material constituting the layer and n2m is its refractive index and neff is the index of nanoporosity (equal to 1) or the effective index of nanoparticles (hollow or low index).

[0074] The following table 1 illustrates the refractive index n2 as a function of n2m and the volume fraction.

[0075] [Tables 1] f 1-f n2m=l.5 n2m=l.48 n2m=l.45 n2m =1.42 n2m=l.4 n2m =1.35 1 0 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.35 0.9 0.1 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.32 0.85 0.15 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.30 0.8 0.2 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.28 0.75 0.25 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.26 0.7 0.3 1.35 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.28 1.25 0.65 0.35 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.23 0.6 0.4 1.30 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.21 0.55 0.45 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.19 0.5 0.5 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.18 0.45 0.55 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.16 0.4 0.6 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.14

[0076]

[0077] The mineral optical insulating coating comprises (in particular is made of) preferably: - a porous silica-based sol-gel layer and El is at most Ipm, better at most 800 nm and even 700 nm, to avoid the risk of cracking, nor can easily go up to 1.3

[0078] - or oxide-based layer (silica etc.) deposited by physical means in the vapor phase PVD such as magnetron sputtering and El is at most Ipm, better at most 700 nm because the deposition is very slow.

[0079] In magnetron sputtering the silica layer may contain one or more other elements such as aluminium and the refractive index may be 1.48.

[0080] The volume proportion of pores can be limited and controlled in particular by sol-gel method.

[0081] One can thus choose silica produced from tetraetoxysilane (TEOS)

[0082] The pores can be closed, done by removing a particulate pore-forming agent.

[0083] The structuring of the sol-gel layer into pores is linked to the sol-gel type synthesis technique, which allows the essentially mineral matter (i.e. mineral or organic-mineral hybrid) to be condensed with a suitably chosen porogenous agent in particular of well-defined size(s) and / or shape(s) (elongated, spherical, oval, etc.).

[0084] The laminated glass element may include a protective transparent layer (film or coating), in particular polymeric (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer), with a refractive index greater than n2, a submillimeter thickness, and even a maximum of 100 µm, covering the optical insulating coating, possibly extending beyond the optical insulating coating. In particular, it protects the optical insulating coating containing (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles, particularly hollow ones. The protective transparent layer provides mechanical protection:

[0085] - in contact with the lower intercalated layer and even with a coating diffusing, forming means of light extraction (discontinuous or local), and even under the diffusing coating

[0086] The lower support is for example thermoplastic polymer (flexible, curved following the curvature of the glazing).

[0087] The lower support according to the invention preferably has dimensional stability, is compatible with the lamination operation (pressurization, at a given temperature), is compatible with passage through an autoclave.

[0088] The edge of the lower support and even of the optical insulating coating) can be at least 10mm away from the edge of the first sheet and even at least one of the following values: 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm.

[0089] For protection purposes, preferably, the perimeter of the electroactive device can be surrounded, in contact (adhesive), with a portion of the laminate interlayer (PVB, EVA, TPU etc.) for example with a width of at least 5 mm: - either from the fining of the lower intercalated layer and / or from the fining of the upper intercalated layer - either by adding a peripheral frame layer (clear, tinted or even opaque) of a thickness greater than or equal to the thickness Ef of the electroactive device.

[0090] The thickness Ea of the interlayer frame can be similar to Ef, for example Ef ±50pm or even ±25pm or greater, for example if the lower interlayer of thickness E' is short, then Ea= Ef+ E'±50pm or even ±25pm.

[0091] The intermediate frame layer is in contact with the upper intermediate layer and possibly in contact with the lower intermediate layer.

[0092] We prefer to choose the same material (PVB in particular) for upper and lower interlayer.

[0093] Furthermore, this laminated glass element is preferably curved. In particular, for the roof, it thus has one or more curves, with one or more radii of curvature ranging from 10 cm to 40 m. The curvature can be quite pronounced, particularly highly spherical, i.e., with at least one radius of curvature of no more than 0.5 m locally. A side glazing (opening; fixed) has, for example, a radius of curvature of 1.2 m to 4 m.

[0094] In order to avoid folds, undulations, preferably the peripheral area of ​​the electroactive device is in an area of ​​the vitreous element having a curvature, a sphericity limited in particular by a radius of curvature of at least 1.5m.

[0095] The thicker the electroactive device, the less likely it is to deform and create waves. For example, a thickness of at least 300 µm can be chosen in the case of a zone of high sphericity of the vitreous element.

[0096] The electroactive device may have a surface area of ​​at least 1 m in length and / or at least 50 cm in width

[0097] The electroactive device can occupy 100% of the clear glass and preferably extends beyond and even the first edge (of the optical insulating coating) is outside the clear glass.

[0098] The lower (and even upper) support can be a thermoplastic polymer or even a cross-linked polymer, in particular:

[0099] - polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate PET, poly(butylene terephthalate) PBT, poly(ethylene naphthalate) PEN,

[0100] - polycarbonate (PC),

[0101] - polyacrylate, in particular thermoplastic, polybutylacrylate, polymethacrylate PMMA,

[0102] - polyurethane (PU), cross-linked material,

[0103] - cellulose triacetate (TAC),

[0104] - polyolefin: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE),

[0105] - polyimide, polyamide, a PET-PMMA (coextruded) film,

[0106] - poly(vinyl chloride) PVC.

[0107] We prefer a PET film (easily available) or PEN, a polyacrylate film, or even PC (preferring PVB interlayers without plasticizers or with few plasticizers) or PMMA.

[0108] The lower (and even upper) support is preferably of a thickness of at least 30pm and preferably less than 200pm, in particular of no more than 100pm.

[0109] Examples of electroactive devices according to the invention are SPD devices (SPD = Suspended Particle Device), known for example as EP0876608B1 and WO2011033313A1, and PDLC devices (PDLC = Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), known for example as DE102008026339A1. There are also electrochromic devices, known, for example, as EP3702572A1 or EP2917159A1.

[0110] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electroactive device is a PDLC (Polymer Disperded Liquid Crystals). The PDLC contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the PDLC, the liquid crystals are randomly aligned, leading to strong scattering of light passing through the electroactive layer (translucency). If a voltage is applied to the PDLC, the liquid crystals align in a common direction, and the transmission of light through the functional element is increased (transparency). However, it is also possible that the liquid crystals are ordered in an unconstrained state and become disordered accordingly when a voltage is applied. Other functional elements, including those with variable optical properties, can also be used. is based on liquid crystals, such as PNLC (polymer networked liquid crystal) devices. For PDLC, an alternating voltage is applied.

[0111] For example, the blur in the diffusing state of glazing with a PDLC coating is at least 80% and better 85%, 90%, 95%.

[0112] In another embodiment, the electroactive device is a suspended particle device (SPD), containing suspended particles. The suspended particles change the optical state by absorbing light when a voltage is applied. SPDs therefore have switching states with transparent and opaque optical properties, as well as intermediate stages between transparency and opacity. An alternating voltage is applied.

[0113] In another embodiment, the electroactive device is an electrochromic device. In this case, the transmission of visible light through the electrochromic device depends on the degree of ion placement. The ions are released, for example, from an ion storage layer and stored in an electrochromic layer. The transmission can be influenced by the applied voltage, which causes ion migration. The electrochromic layers preferably contain at least tungsten oxide or vanadium oxide. A direct current voltage is applied.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electroactive device, preferably a variable diffusion and even a PDLC, is divided into several segments that can be electrically controlled independently of each other. For example, the device is a variable diffusion device that switches one or more segments to a translucent state, i.e., to diffuse light, while at least one other segment is transparent, i.e., it does not diffuse light. Preferably, the electroactive device comprises at least two segments, especially preferably at least three, especially at least four segments. The segments can be produced, for example, by discontinuities or insulating lines on the electrode(s). Preferably, a first electrode (lower or upper) is divided into several smaller electrodes by means of insulating lines.To further improve the optical quality of the electroactive device, in addition to the aforementioned first electrode, the electroactive layer can also be divided into individual layer elements by means of isolation lines. The isolation lines with which the electroactive layer and / or the electrode(s) are divided can be introduced by laser radiation, for example.

[0115] Also, preferably at least in the clear glass, the electroactive device is segmented into several electroactive regions by at least one electrical discontinuity, in particular of submillimeter width, formed in one of the upper or lower electrodes, in particular obtained by laser, each electroactive region having an electrical supply.

[0116] In one embodiment of the electroactive device, the lower support and the lower electrode extend beyond the upper edge into a first protruding zone, in particular with a width of at least 3 mm and even at most 10 mm, and the upper support and the upper electrode extend beyond the lower edge into a second protruding zone opposite the first protruding zone, in particular with a width of at least 3 mm and even at most 10 mm. Preferably, the device has variable diffusion, the electroactive layer comprises liquid crystals and a polymer matrix, and is even a PDLC layer comprising liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix, and optionally dyes.

[0117] These first and second protruding areas containing the electrodes (preferably at least 5 mm) allow for simplified electrical contact. The electrodes (ITO, silver, etc.) may preferably extend to the upper and lower edges or be recessed, for example, by no more than 1 mm.

[0118] It is preferable to apply at least one first collector conductor (i.e., bus bar or current supply, often straight) by welding or bonding to the first protruding area of ​​the lower electrode and at least one second collector conductor by welding or bonding to the second protruding area of ​​the upper electrode. The collector conductors thus used are preferably made of a wire or strip of electrically conductive film. The collector conductors then contain at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten, and / or tin, or alloys thereof, for example. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 µm to 500 µm, and in particular preferably 30 µm to 300 µm. Collector conductors made of electrically conductive films with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.

[0119] A printed collector conductor preferably containing at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound, and / or carbon, particularly preferably a precious metal, and especially silver. The printing paste preferably contains metal particles, metal particles, and / or carbon, and especially precious metal particles such as silver particles. Electrical conductivity is preferably obtained through electrically conductive particles. The particles may be in an organic and / or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably in the form of printing paste with glass frits. This formation can be produced quickly and easily in terms of production technology, as silver-containing materials are characterized by high electrical conductivity and are relatively stable in the long term.The layer thickness of the printed collector conductors is preferably from 5 µm to 40 µm, in particular preferably from 8 µm to 20 µm and . especially preferably from 8 µm to 12 µm. Printed collector conductors with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current carrying capacity.

[0120] The collector conductors are connected to a voltage source, for example via flat conductors (fpc).

[0121] The collector conductors are for example wide by at least 3mm and at most 10mm or 7mm.

[0122] Preferably, the glazing includes a barrier element at the periphery of the electroactive device, separating the electroactive layer from the laminate interlayer, which is a barrier element around the perimeter of the electroactive layer. Preferably, the device has variable diffusion, the electroactive layer comprises liquid crystals and a polymer matrix, and may even be a PDLC layer comprising liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix, and optionally colorants.

[0123] The barrier element is preferably designed to prevent the diffusion of plasticizers (such as PVB) through it. The barrier element preferably contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride. In particular, the barrier element seals the entire circumferential edge surface of the electroactive layer (PDLC). The barrier element may be in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC). The barrier element may be located at a distance from the electroactive layer (PDLC) to avoid causing an undesirable chemical reaction, while preventing, for example, the diffusion of plasticizers from an interlayer (such as PVB). One or more adhesion-enhancing layers may be arranged between the device and the barrier element.

[0124] The barrier element may comprise one or more individual layers (coating and / or film), preferably it has a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.04 mm to 0.15 mm.

[0125] In particular in the configuration with the first and second protruding zones, the barrier element is external (thermoplastic preferably PET), in particular without plasticizers, at a distance from or in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC).

[0126] In particular, in the configuration with the first and second protruding zones, the barrier element is external comprising a coating (in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC)), or polymer barrier film (preferably PET thermoplastic), in particular without plasticizers, or several coupled polymer (thermoplastic) barrier films, in particular without plasticizers, (barrier film(s) at a distance or in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC)),

[0127] - barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the first protruding area or even extending over the upper face Fs preferably by at least 5mm and at most 15mm and / or extending to the rear face Fb, preferably PET,

[0128] - and / or barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the second zone protruding or even extending onto the back face and even extending to the top face preferably by at least 5mm and at most 15mm, barrier film(s), preferably PET.

[0129] The coating or barrier film(s) are on the perimeter and therefore present in the other two edge areas (non-protruding).

[0130] For example, the barrier element (with film) comprises:

[0131] - a polymer barrier film is a polymer frame (PET), in particular a frame Z-shaped section (three portions), film in one piece around the perimeter or in parts (butted together etc.)

[0132] - two polymer barrier films: a first film which is a polymer frame (PET), including a Z-shaped section (three portions), coupled with a second film which is a rectangular section frame.

[0133] The barrier element may have a C-type section.

[0134] Examples of barrier elements are described in applications WO2018188844A1 WO2019077014A1, WO2019238520, WO2019238521.

[0135] The first and second salient areas can be the longitudinal edges of the electroactive device (of rectangular, square shape).

[0136] The choice of protruding or non-protruding sides depends on the segmentation pattern of the electroactive device. Without segmentation, longitudinal or lateral edges can be more easily chosen.

[0137] The injection, the position of the light source (and the light redirection element) depends, for example, on the extraction pattern. If the design of the segmented electroactive device and the design of the extraction pattern allow it, the injection (the light redirection element) can be located at one or more non-protruding edges, for example, lateral edges.

[0138] The barrier element (resin etc.) can be external and the device has no protruding areas, forming a sealing joint all around.

[0139] Alternatively, the barrier element is internal, forming a sealing joint which is at least partly internal, between the lower and upper supports, in particular with an (internal) width of no more than 1cm.

[0140] An example of a sealing joint is described in application WO2019025178.

[0141] In particular, the barrier element, internal or external, including the coating or barrier film(s), preferably PET, is / are masked from the outside and / or the barrier element, preferably external, including the coating or barrier film(s), preferably PET, is opaque at least in part in particular opaque part opposite a light source on face F4, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes.

[0142] Regarding the lamination interlayer, several configurations are possible.

[0143] The lower (untinted, clear) and / or upper (tinted, untinted, clear) interlayer, preferably in foil form, is thermoplastic or crosslinked adhesive material, preferably selected from polymers based on: poly(vinyl butyral) known as PVB, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer known as EVA (thermoplastic or crosslinked), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or ionomer. An example of a monomer resin is marketed by Kuraray under the registered trademark SentryGlas®. The lower (untinted, clear) and / or upper (untinted, clear) interlayer of crosslinked adhesive material is, for example, a polyacrylate foil.

[0144] An interlayer (laminate) may comprise a plasticizer that preferably contains triethylene glycol-bis-(2-ethylhexanoate). Other preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, particularly low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins, and camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol. 3G7, 3G8, or 4G7 are particularly preferred as plasticizers, the first number indicating the number of ethylene glycol units and the last number the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid portion of the compound.

[0145] The preferably upper interlayer can be made of UV-resistant PVB, for example Eastman UV-resistant PVB, designated RU41, for example to protect any organic layer, electroactive layer (electrochromic etc.) or any organic coating or ink.

[0146] The lamination interlayer (one of the lower and upper interlayers, preferably the upper one) may be acoustic, in particular comprising or being made of acoustic PVB (three-layer, four-layer). Thus, the lamination interlayer may comprise at least one middle layer of viscoelastic plastic material with vibro-acoustic damping properties, in particular based on polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer, and further comprising two outer layers of standard PVB, the middle layer being between the two outer layers. Acoustic PVBs described in patent applications WO2012 / 025685 and WO2013 / 175101 may be cited.

[0147] The lower and / or upper interlayer (untinted, clear) may, in particular, have a TL of at least 80% and even at least 85%. The first sheet is preferably made of clear glass and the second sheet of extra-clear glass. The substrate lower can be in particular of TL of at least 80% and even of at least 85% or 90%.

[0148] The tinted window frame spacer can be grey, black (opaque or almost opaque), preferably thermoplastic and even PVB-based (with or without plasticizers).

[0149] The laminated glass element according to the invention may include one of the following sequences (strict or open):

[0150] -1 / first sheet of glass (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) clear / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower interlayer (clear) thermoplastic (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second glass sheet (extra clear)

[0151] -2 / first sheet of glass (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC).

[0152] For example, preferably:

[0153] - 3 / first sheet of glass (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) clear / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower interlayer (clear) thermoplastic (PVB) / second glass sheet (extra clear)

[0154] - 4 / first sheet of glass (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower (clear) interlayer of adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC).

[0155] A polymer layer according to the invention (optical insulating coating, diffusing coating, interlayer layer, etc.) may contain at least 80%, 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of polymer(s) and even at most 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1% of additives

[0156] A crosslinked polymer layer (optical insulating coating, diffusing coating, interlayer) according to the invention may contain a main polymer (or base polymer) of at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s).

[0157] A crosslinked polymer layer according to the invention may include other additives (preferably less than 10%, 5%, or 1% by weight of layer) such as at least one of the following additives:

[0158] - crosslinking agent for example photoinitiators (residuals),

[0159] - plasticizers (for added flexibility)

[0160] - membership promoters

[0161] - additives for durability.

[0162] The degree of polymerization or even crosslinking of a crosslinked polymer layer according to the invention is not necessarily 100%; the material may therefore contain residual prepolymers, monomers, and oligomers. The layer can be analyzed by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) after crosslinking to determine the degree of polymerization. A mixture of polymers may be used.

[0163] Laminated glazing may include UV blockers or absorbers or UV reflectors filtering ultraviolet radiation, in particular to preserve the electroactive device over time.

[0164] Also in one embodiment, a UV filter is between the upper support and face F2, in particular:

[0165] - is a (thin) layer on the Fl or F2 face of the first sheet of glass, or even on the upper support (F2 side)

[0166] -or is the upper intercalated layer.

[0167] When the UV filter is an interlayer, it is for example a film of polymeric material which is based on at least one polymer chosen from the following polymers: polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), adhesive crosslinked polymer material.

[0168] The thickness of the polymeric film with UV filter function is preferably between 0.02 mm and 2 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

[0169] According to one feature, the light injection (from one or more light sources) is, in a lower part of the glazing, under the optical insulating coating (i.e., in the direction of face F4). Preferably, injection into the second sheet and / or the lower interlayer.

[0170] This injection of light can be via an internal wall of a hole (through) in the second sheet or with injection through the (second) edge of the second sheet (in particular the second glass sheet is shorter or has a recess to place the light source) or via the fourth face F4, light refracted in the second sheet, as detailed later).

[0171] The glazing may include (for light injection) one or more light sources (peripheral, adjacent and / or opposite edges, particularly longitudinal), notably comprising one or more series of diodes. Optionally, each series of diodes is directly coupled to the second pane of glass—in particular by the edge or via the fourth face F4-(or is coupled to an additional external guide for the injection of light into the glazing, for example optical fiber extractor with light exit zone along the edge of the second sheet.

[0172] In the case of a roof, at least two series of diodes, called longitudinal series (diodes arranged along the longitudinal edges, parallel or not to these edges), are preferred, and / or two series of diodes, called lateral series, diodes arranged along the lateral edges (parallel or not to these edges). For a given edge, a series of diodes can be in the form of several diode strips joined or separated (or even connected), preferably aligned.

[0173] In the case of side glazing, a series of diodes called a longitudinal series is preferred (diodes arranged near the lower longitudinal edge, below the visibility limit preferably linked to the glazing and even linked to a main face F2 or F4). A longitudinal series of diodes can be in the form of several strips of diodes joined or separated (or even connected), preferably aligned.

[0174] In particular, the luminance extracted from the laminated glazing (in particular roof, fixed side and even opening) is at least 2cd / m2 and even at least 10 or 20Cd / m2.

[0175] In particular in a side window, the light source placed opposite F4 (in the door) is at most 25mm thick.

[0176] Several light injection configurations (for guiding) are possible.

[0177] In an embodiment, the glazing may include a light source, of preferably a set of light-emitting diodes, which is optically coupled with the second sheet of glass (preferably mineral):

[0178] - by a light redirection element, -local-, light redirection element reflector and third main face F3 or transparent light redirection element on fourth main face F4.

[0179] - by all or part of the second tranche,

[0180] - or by a wall of a hole (through thickness, closed) in the second sheet (or several walls of several holes), including a hole offset from a clear pane of glass, facing an internal masking layer.

[0181] In the case of light injection through the second layer, the light source is coupled to the layer of the second sheet, possibly in a through-hole peripheral notch. The light source may be housed in a polymer encapsulation as described in patent application WO2010049638, particularly in Figure 15 or Figure 16 of that patent application, and may even have a recess for removal or replacement of the source.

[0182] In the case of light injection via an internal wall of a hole, the second sheet, in particular made of mineral glass, has at least one peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face F4 at least) and The light source is coupled to the wall of the second sheet delimiting the hole, preferably housed within the hole. The light source, particularly diodes, can be located within the hole, or it can be associated with an optical element (light-guiding) between the injection wall and the light source, either within the hole or inside the passenger compartment. Examples of embodiments described in patents WO2018 / 178591 and WO2013 / 110885 can be cited. The peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face F4 at least) is masked by a masking layer in the case of a roof; otherwise, for a side window (fixed or opening), it is concealed within the door.

[0183] In the case of light injection by offsetting the (each) light source to the passenger compartment side (face F4), preferably the peripheral light redirection element(s) (preferably prismatic) is:

[0184] -reflector and third face F3 in particular prismatic, comprising reflecting prisms in particular oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2

[0185] -or transparent on the fourth main face F4 in particular comprising a macroprism or transparent prisms, preferably prism(s) oriented towards the passenger compartment.

[0186] The (each) light source is then opposite or offset from the fourth principal face F4 in particular direct optical coupling or via an optic, in particular light source and light redirection element offset by a clear pane of glass, facing an internal masking layer.

[0187] An optical element (collimation element, etc.) may be placed between the (each) light source and the fourth face F4, in particular an optical element fixed to the fourth face F4. The light source may be fixed to the fourth face F4. The principal direction of the light source's radiation (before or after collimation) may be adjusted.

[0188] In particular, the laminated glazing includes a light source, especially peripheral, in optical coupling with the second sheet, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face F4 side, coupled to a light redirection element (peripheral, local, redirecting for guidance) which is - a prismatic reflector element, on the third face F3, opposite the light source, in particular comprising reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face - a transparent redirection element on the fourth main face F4, in particular prismatic, in particular comprising prisms between the source and the face F4, or a (macro)prism adjacent to the light source (in particular diodes preferably with side emission).

[0189] The redirected light propagates between the fourth face F4 and the optical insulating coating.

[0190] For example, the (macro)prism is based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), cyclic olefin (COC, COP) (co)polymer.

[0191] A prismatic element (with microprisms) is preferred for reasons of space, particularly for a side glazing (opening or fixed).

[0192] The light redirection element is in particular on the third face F3 and is in particular in contact with the laminate interlayer or with a local adhesive, in particular a prismatic reflective polymer film.

[0193] Preferably, the light redirecting reflector element is a prismatic reflector element, preferably above at most 30 pm of the coated face of the optical insulating coating or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3.

[0194] The base or the apex of the prisms of the reflective prismatic element, in particular reflective prismatic film, is preferably above at most 30pm of the coated face or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3.

[0195] The reflective light redirection element may comprise a prismatic (textured) film (with a smooth (non-textured, non-functional) main surface and a textured, functional opposite surface), flexible and therefore curved to adapt to the curvature of the laminated glazing. In particular:

[0196] -a partially structured transparent polymer film forming (micro)prisms -and with a reflective coating (metallic, silver, aluminum) forming a conformal deposit-

[0197] -or a transparent (planar) polymer film, forming a substrate, with on a main surface a transparent (polymer) layer with an arrangement of (micro)prisms and with a reflective coating forming a conforming deposit-.

[0198] The (micro)prisms (reflectors) are oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2 (in the first configuration i)). The reflective coating is thus oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2.

[0199] The reflective light redirection element (comprising a textured film, in particular a prismatic polymer film, or a substrate film, in particular a polymer film and a textured, prismatic layer, as well as a reflective coating) can be bonded to the third face F3 directly or via at least one adhesive, or held by suction (strong interaction), in particular by the pressure of the assembly (in the first configuration i)). The reflective light redirection element is, for example, placed on the third face and, after the air is drawn out, a suction effect occurs.

[0200] The prisms may be of a height of at least Ipm and preferably of at most 100 or 50pm or 30pm.

[0201] The film, in particular a prismatic polymer or substrate of the microprisms (prismatic layer, organic for example), may be less than 200 µm, 100 µm, 80 µm or 50 µm and even at least 30 µm. If the film is oriented (reflecting prisms) towards the third face F3, the substrate film can be tinted and even opaque or opacified. For example, it is a PET film with tinted and even opaque black reflective microprisms.

[0202] Preferably the prismatic film has a total thickness of at most 500pm or even 400pm or 200pm or 100pm.

[0203] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, comprising reflector prisms, notably oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, arranged on the side of the third main face F3, is:

[0204] - on the third face F3, in particular in contact with the lower intercalated layer or an interlayer frame (clear),

[0205] - in the laminate interlayer, particularly based on PVB,

[0206] - embedded in the lower interlayer, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizers) or in an interlayer frame (clear) around the perimeter of the coated film, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers),

[0207] - on the lower intercalated layer, between lower intercalated layers, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizers), and a top interlayer (preferably with plasticizers) clear or tinted, or a frame interlayer around the perimeter of the coated film, clear, tinted and even opaque, particularly based on PVB (with or without plasticizers),

[0208] - on the front face Fa, in particular in contact with the upper intercalated layer or an additional intercalated layer, or rear Fb, especially in contact with the lower intercalated layer.

[0209] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, which is a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 and bonded to the face F3 by a local adhesive.

[0210] Preferably, the prismatic redirecting element (in particular comprising a polymer film and prisms) has a width (preferably less than the width of a masking layer) of at most 10 cm, or at most 5 cm, or even at most 2 cm, and better still, of at least 1 cm, and in particular a length similar to that of the linear (custom-made) light source. It could be a rectangular strip with rounded corners, for example.

[0211] Microprisms (equipped with the reflective coating) act in particular as reflective prisms and reflect the light that strikes them in a direction that depends on the angle of inclination of the prism surfaces and the angle of incidence of the light.

[0212] For example, a prismatic film comprises a transparent thermoplastic (polymer) film, for example based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which The transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (a resin crosslinked, for example, by UV). A partially textured layer is preferred. For the reflective prismatic film, a metallic layer (conformal coating) is added, for example, silver or aluminum.

[0213] The transparent film of the prismatic film preferably has a light transmission of at least 70%, more preferably of at least 80%, very preferably of at least 90%.

[0214] Microprisms, for example, have a triangular cross-section. Prisms, for example, are contiguous.

[0215] For example, the total thickness of the prismatic reflector film is at most 500pm (in particular at least 30 or 50pm) and even at most the thickness of the lower interlayer.

[0216] Preferably, in order not to generate stray light escaping towards the second face F2 and diffusing, (the inner edge of) the (peripheral) light redirection element which is

[0217] - transparent and fourth main face F4 (for example element (film) prismatic comprising prisms or macroprisms, for example with triangular, quadrilateral, etc. cross-sections)

[0218] - or is a prismatic reflecting element (in particular film), comprising prisms reflectors, in particular oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2.

[0219] In particular, the glazed element comprises a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face F4, and a light redirection element which is a prismatic reflector element, comprising reflector prisms, on the third face F3, reflector prisms oriented towards face F2 or face F3, or is preferably a transparent prismatic element. And the light redirection element is:

[0220] - at least partially opposite the optical insulating coating

[0221] - or at most 4mm, preferably at most 1mm, from the insulating coating optics (of his first song).

[0222] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, in particular a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms, arranged on the third face F3, between face F2 and face F3, which is:

[0223] - preferably opposite the electroactive device:

[0224] - on the electroactive device, (directly or indirectly, in particular against or bonded by an adhesive to the lower support (area with or without optical insulating coating) adjacent to said barrier film of the barrier element extended on the rear face Fb, or which is on said barrier film), preferably side-oriented reflecting prisms third face F3, and for example linked to face F3 by the lower interlayer, preferably PVB-based (with plasticizers) or by a local adhesive,

[0225] - or on face F3, in particular glued to or against face F3, oriented reflecting prisms third side F2 in contact with the lower interlayer, preferably PVB-based (with plasticizers)

[0226] - or even offset from said electroactive device, possibly opposite or even on a barrier film (opaque etc.) of the barrier element.

[0227] To prevent light leakage towards face F2, the glazing may include an internal peripheral opaque element located between the second face F2 and the third face F3, particularly opposite a light source on the side of face F4 which is

[0228] - on the electroactive device, preferably an opaque barrier film of the element barrier, including PET film

[0229] - and / or opaque part of a prismatic light redirection reflector element third face F3„ side having reflective prisms oriented towards face F3 (opaque film sub-base of the prismatic coating, in particular opaque PET, or opaque prismatic coating)

[0230] - and / or opaque adhesive of a prismatic light redirection reflector element The third face F3 contains reflecting prisms oriented towards face F3 or F2

[0231] . An optical element (collimation element, etc.) may be placed between the light source and the fourth face F4, in particular an optical element fixed to the fourth face F4. The light source may be fixed to the fourth face F4.

[0232] Each light source (diode array(s), in particular a longitudinal one) on the fourth side can be associated with collimating optics or a collimator. The light source, with an optional collimator, can be fixed to the fourth side, either by direct bonding or by spacing the light source and attaching it to a peripheral support fixed to the fourth side. The collimator is located in the optical path of the light source. The collimator generates a light beam from the generally divergent light beam of the light source with a beam path that is preferably essentially parallel, or at least a less divergent, i.e., more concentrated, beam path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator. The principal direction of the radiation from the light source can be adjusted, for example, to form an angle with the normal to the glazing, for example, 22° to the normal to the glazing.

[0233] The collimator may be made of glass or transparent plastic, in particular polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The collimator is preferably fixed to the inner surface of the inner window, for example by gluing. If the light source is designed as an arrangement of several light-emitting diodes, a separate collimator may be provided for each diode. electroluminescent. However, it is preferable to use a common collimator for the entire diode array. For example, in the case of a linear diode array (particularly a longitudinal diode strip), a collimator can be used whose length is at least equal to the length of the diode array.

[0234] An intercalated frame layer above any light redirection element (in particular a prismatic reflector element) may be tinted or even opaque, black in particular to mask any stray light. The frame layer may be locally opaque (in a band) or opaque around its entire perimeter.

[0235] The possible inner peripheral masking layer (facing F4) may include a space so as not to block optical coupling in particular to allow the rays from the light source to pass to the light redirection element in particular prismatic element and even reflector.

[0236] This redirecting film (transparent) is, for example, longitudinal in shape, in particular rounded at the corners, for example the length of the clear glass. This redirecting film may be of a thickness of at most 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm and in particular of at least 50 µm, 100 µm.

[0237] Each light source and each light redirection element, including prismatic elements and even reflectors, may be offset from the glass pane, facing an internal masking layer. The redirection element (including prismatic redirection film) and / or the light source is, for example, at most 100 mm from the glass pane and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm.

[0238] The outer edge of the light redirection element, in particular a prismatic element and even a reflector (in particular a prismatic film reflector), may be at least 10mm away from the first slice of the first sheet and / or the second slice, and even at least one of the following values: 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm.

[0239] In particular, for the electroactive device with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm, an interlayer frame (of the same material as the upper and lower interlayers), notably based on PVB (or, for example, pressure-sensitive thermo-crosslinked adhesive), surrounds and touches the first edge of the electroactive device and is between and in contact with the two upper and lower interlayers. This peripheral interlayer frame forms part of the lamination interlayer.

[0240] The first edge of the electroactive device can be at least 10mm away from the first slice of the first sheet (or the second sheet) and even at least one of the following values: 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm.

[0241] And to avoid the risks of breakage, bubbling, and co-wrinkling (pressure on the electroactive layer), the reflective prismatic film (its inner edge) is preferably offset from the electroactive device (and even distant from the first edge), for example a preferred safety distance between the first edge and the inner edge of the prismatic film is at least 1mm, 10mm, 20mm or in particular 30mm.

[0242] In particular, the extraction means possibly between the optical insulating coating and the face F3 opposite the lower support are of a thickness of at most 50pm.

[0243] Naturally the laminated glazing may include a light source in optical coupling with the second sheet arranged under the optical insulating coating (further from face F2 than the optical insulating coating), and means for extracting guided light in the second sheet, which are on the third side face F3 or face F4.

[0244] The (each) light source can be detachable, added, sold separately or as a kit.

[0245] The extraction means may be temporary (detachable stickers) and therefore added or replaced, in particular on the fourth side, or permanent, in particular on the third side.

[0246] The (each) light source is preferably an array of light-emitting diodes (on a printed circuit board such as a PCB for "printed circuit board" in English, for example flexible), in particular a straight or curved strip.

[0247] Preferably, the diodes are surface-mounted components on the front side of a printed circuit board (PCB) with conductive traces. The width (or length) of a diode with a single semiconductor chip, generally a square diode, is preferably no more than 5 mm. The width of the PCB, in strip form, is preferably no more than 5 cm, better still no more than 2 cm, and even no more than 1 cm.

[0248] One or more light sources (peripheral, preferably offset from the glazing or clear glass), and several sets of diodes, may be used. The light source(s) may be monochromatic (emitting in blue, green, red, etc.) or polychromatic, or be adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light, etc.; they may be continuous or discontinuous, etc. The light source may be extended linearly (rectangular strip such as a diode array) along one side of the glazing (longitudinal edges) or split (with similar or distinct light, for example, different color intensity, driven independently or simultaneously) along both sides.

[0249] The means for extracting light may define at least a first diffusing zone, for example with a width of at least 0.5mm, in particular a first diffusing zone that is solid and / or comprising a set of discontinuous diffusing patterns.

[0250] Laminated glazing may comprise a plurality of diffusing zones of identical or distinct size and / or shape. The extraction zone may therefore cover part or all the entire laminated glass according to the lighting or the desired effect (in the form of strips arranged around the periphery of one of the faces to form a luminous frame, logos or patterns, etc.).

[0251] The diffusing zone can be in several zones, for example each with patterns, identical or distinct, continuous or discontinuous, and can be of any geometric shape (rectangular, square, triangular, circular, oval, etc.), and can form a design, a sign (arrow, letter...).

[0252] Under the optical insulating coating (further from face F2 than the insulating coating), means for extracting light, guided light in the second sheet, are for example in the form of:

[0253] - laser engraving, particularly in the second sheet,

[0254] - of texturizing (acid attack of glass, etc.), of textured film (particularly in the second sheet),

[0255] - or diffusing coating (or film), preferably transparent, with a binder and diffusing particles, binder (organic, mineral or hybrid) preferably transparent with a refractive index n5 greater than or equal to ni or n3, in particular of at least 1.48.

[0256] The means for extracting light can thus be a frosted area of ​​the second sheet of glass or at least an area etched in the thickness of the second sheet of glass (or diffusing elements, such as glass particles or fibers, incorporated in the lamination interlayer).

[0257] Beyond the addition of the optical insulating coating (and a second extra-clear sheet), there are various ways to increase the luminance performance of laminated glass: by adjusting the extraction methods (choice of transparency level, blur, and diffusing particle content) and / or the LED light injection. The transparency level is sometimes chosen based on a compromise between transparency and luminance level.

[0258] Optionally, a diffusing coating (forming the light extraction means), local or discontinuous (set of patterns, etc.), is on the lower thermoplastic interlayer, particularly one based on PVB (for example, with plasticizers), particularly one based on PVB-, and is in contact with the rear face Fb or, preferably, with the optical insulating coating. The diffusing coating on the lower thermoplastic interlayer may be in contact with the rear face (Fb, bare or with an undercoat) or with the optical insulating coating (on the Fb face) or even in contact with the F3 face.

[0259] In particular, the illuminateable laminated vehicle glazing element comprises a diffusing coating, forming means for extracting light, preferably local or discontinuous, and opposite the electroactive device, and in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer which is notably PVB-based, in contact with the optical insulating coating and / or on a face oriented towards face F3 and / or is carried by the lower support and on the optical insulating coating.

[0260] When the extraction (light) means are a diffusing coating (printed ink) on an interlayer PVB or on the coated substrate rather than on the second (or third) glass sheet, it is easier to change the extraction pattern and tooling for printing on a flat film than on curved glass. For mechanical strength and especially to retain the glass fragments, it is also better to have the extraction on the lower support or PVB than on glass.

[0261] The diffusing coating, preferably transparent (in the off state), partially covers the lower interlayer.

[0262] For example, this diffusing coating (rear face side Fb) oriented towards face F2 is deposited on the lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) and preferably occupies at most 50% or 40% of the glazing, or of the clear glass, or of the lower interlayer.

[0263] For example, this diffusing coating is on the F3 face or F3 face side of the lower thermoplastic (PVB) interlayer and preferably occupies at most 40% or 30% of the glazing, or the clear glass, or the lower interlayer.

[0264] The binder of the diffusing coating can be a transparent ink. The extraction means are, for example, a diffusing layer in the form of ink on a polymeric film (such as PVB with or without plasticizer) made up of the lower interlayer or another layer.

[0265] Preferably the entire diffusing coating on its substrate (second sheet, lower interlayer, lower support) has a light transmission of at least 80% and a blur of at most 30%.

[0266] In particular, the laminated glazing includes, under the optical insulating coating, means for extracting light, comprising a diffusing coating, preferably transparent, with a binder and diffusing particles, binder preferably of refractive index n5 greater than or equal to ni (or even n3), in particular of at least 1.48.

[0267] In particular, the lower interlayer (thermoplastic such as PVB) or the second sheet is the substrate for the diffusing coating, (thus on face F4 or F3 or rear face side Fb), in particular possibly in contact with the optical insulating coating on the rear face Fb,

[0268] For example, the binder of the diffusing coating is organic, in particular crosslinked polymer, chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, or even thermoplastic based on PVB, or even TPU.

[0269] The lower interlayer may be PVB-based and comprise 70% to 75% by weight of PVB, 25% to 30% by weight of plasticizer and less than 1% by weight of additives. There are also PVB sheets with little (less than 10% or 5% by weight of plasticizers) or without plasticizer such as the "OPTICAL GRADE THIN FILM" from the company KURARAY.

[0270] When the diffusing coating substrate is the lower interlayer, a PVB-based substrate without plasticizers, or with a maximum of 15%, 10%, or 5% plasticizers, may be chosen. For example, the thickness of the lower interlayer forming the substrate is at most 200 µm, or even 250 µm.

[0271] An example of a diffusing coating on a polymer layer, in particular a laminate interlayer and based on PVB, is in document WO2021005162.

[0272] An example of a diffusing coating on a layer of PVB or glass laminate interlayer is in document WO2023285743.

[0273] For example, the binder of the diffusing coating is a polyacrylate polymer and the binder of the optical insulating coating is a polyacrylate polymer, in particular a polyacrylate with a fluorinated function and / or with low index nanoparticles or nanoporosity and / or hollows, especially if the coatings come into contact after lamination.

[0274] Preferably, the diffusing particles (dielectric, organic or mineral, for example metal oxides) have a particle size defined by D90 less than 2 pm, preferably of at least 100nm and even of at most 700 nm, in particular 400 nm ± 100nm.

[0275] Preferably, the scattering particles are chosen from non-luminescent TiO2, SiO2, CaCO3, ZnO, Al2O3, and ZrO2 particles. Preferably, the particles have a (high) refractive index, greater than or equal to 1.8 or even 2 (greater than n5, in particular, by at most 1.8 or 1.7).

[0276] Preferably, for the manufacture of the diffusing coating, a resin curable under ultraviolet radiation is chosen from among a reaction product between a thiol and an alkene (called thiol-ene), an acrylate such as epoxy-acrylate, polyester-acrylate, urethane-acrylate, silicone-acrylate alone or in a mixture of several of them.

[0277] The thickness of the diffusing coating is at most 100 pm, preferably at most 50 pm, and in particular at least 5 pm or 10 pm. The minimum may depend on the deposition method.

[0278] A thin profile reduces material costs, but the thickness can be adjusted to modify the visibility / luminance trade-off of the pattern.

[0279] Light extraction can be dynamic and the light source (diodes, straight strip in one or more sections) is driven to light up (for example gradually) patterns forming (geometric) means of extracting the light guiding layer.

[0280] In particular, the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer which is based on PVB (with or without plasticizers), the entire lower interlayer and diffusing coating having a blur of at most 20% or even at most 10%, the binder of the diffusing coating being organic (polymer) preferably chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane

[0281] The glazing may be side glazing, in particular opening and rear glazing, which includes means for extracting light, preferably in the form of a diffusing coating on the lower interlayer, forming internal light signaling in the form of extraction patterns in particular:

[0282] -of pictogram(s),

[0283] -and / or progress indicator (charge level of electronic equipment, vehicle, progress of journey), by progressively feeding extraction patterns (geometric, or even in the form of pictograms),

[0284] Internal illuminated signage located in a lower peripheral band of the glazing, in particular no more than 10 cm or 5 cm from the lower visibility limit of the glazing, extending horizontally, and / or at least 5 cm from a longitudinal and horizontal light source below the lower visibility limit of the glazing. Thus, the extraction motifs are preferably equidistant from the light source.

[0285] The thickness of the first sheet of glazing is preferably at most 4mm, or even at most 2.5mm, even at most 2.2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and even at least 0.7mm thick, for example with a refractive index nv of at least 1.5 in the visible.

[0286] The second sheet (preferably curved) is in particular of a thickness of at least 0.7 mm (to promote light guidance where appropriate), possibly less than that of the first sheet of glass, even by no more than 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even by no more than 1.3 mm or by no more than 1 mm, the total thickness of the first and second sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even 3.7 mm.

[0287] The first and second sheets may be of shape and size in particular substantially identical, for example general rectangular or quadrilateral shape (longitudinal edges not parallel in particular for the roofs of vehicles in particular road vehicles), possibly rounded corners.

[0288] The first sheet may be larger than the second sheet, thus exceeding the second sheet on at least part (one side or several adjacent or opposite sides) of its perimeter, and possibly the second sheet (passenger compartment side) may be smaller with a second edge set back, in particular by no more than 10 or 5 cm from the first edge of the first sheet of glass, on an edge or several edges (longitudinal and / or lateral) in particular or all around the perimeter. In particular, the second leaf is optically coupled by its second edge to a light source (as already described).

[0289] The thickness between the first face Fl and the fourth face F4 is preferably at most 9mm or 7mm, especially for a road vehicle.

[0290] The first mineral glass sheet may be based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silicosodocalcium, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and preferably has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of at least 0.4% and preferably not more than 1.5%. In particular, this first glass sheet is tinted, grey or green.

[0291] To limit absorption, the second mineral glass sheet may be, in particular, based on silica, soda-lime, silicosodocalcium, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of not more than 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably not more than 0.03% (300 ppm) and not more than 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the second glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

[0292] The second sheet can be made of polymer in particular based on polyurethane (PU) typically with ni of about 1.47, polycarbonate (PC) typically with ni of about 1.59, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) typically with ni of about 1.47, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with ni of about 1.54.

[0293] The second sheet can be flexible to follow the curvature of the first curved or pre-formed sheet.

[0294] The first sheet of glass, and even the second sheet of glass chosen, can be produced by the "float" process, which allows for obtaining a perfectly flat and smooth sheet, or by drawing or rolling processes.

[0295] Examples of glass include float glass of classic soda-lime composition, possibly hardened or tempered by thermal or chemical means, aluminum or sodium borosilicate or any other composition.

[0296] The clear area of ​​the laminated glazing is a central zone.

[0297] The lamination interlayer can occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the glazing surface.

[0298] The second face F2 can be the tin face (of the float glass) or the opposite face or the first face Fl can be the tin face.

[0299] The third face F3 can be the tin face or the fourth face F4 can be the tin face.

[0300] Regarding the electroactive device, the lower and / or upper electrode comprises (or is) for example a conductive metal oxide-based layer or a A silver-based layer, for example, is a multilayer coating. The electrode (lower and / or upper) is specifically a multilayer electroconductive coating, which is a stack of functional layer(s) that are either a transparent conductive oxide, for example ITO, IZO, AZO, SnO2:F, or a metallic oxide (silver, etc.). The functional layer(s) are generally interposed between dielectric layers based on oxides, nitrides, and / or nitride oxides on the so-called front face oriented towards the electroactive layer. In particular, the lower and upper electrodes (coatings) are of the same material and even the same thickness, and / or the lower and upper substrates are of the same material (glass or polymer) and even the same thickness.

[0301] The glazing may therefore include between the second face (in particular F2) and the third face (in particular F3), an opaque, internal peripheral masking layer, in particular an enamel (black etc) on the second face or a coating on the laminate interlayer (upper interlayer in particular) for example an opaque coating (based on PVB and with coloring agent) on a main face of a PVB on the second or third face side.

[0302] The internal masking layer can be 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 5 mm) from the edge of the glazing or even right up to the edge. The masking layer can be a band framing the glazing (windshield, roof, etc.), particularly black. Opaque coating is applied around the entire perimeter to conceal bodywork elements or seals, or to protect an adhesive for mounting on the vehicle. This internal masking layer is in contact with the second main surface. This internal masking layer defines the clear area of ​​the glazing. It can be advantageous for the outer edge of the optical insulating coating, or more broadly any adhesive layer of the laminate interlayer, to be masked by the internal masking layer and not be within the clear area of ​​the glazing.It can be advantageous for the external and even internal edges of the frame layer to be masked by the internal masking layer, so that they are not in the clear glass area, and for the frame layer to be under the internal masking layer.

[0303] The width of the internal masking layer along the sides of a motor vehicle component (roof in particular) is generally less than that at the front or even the rear.

[0304] In particular another masking layer, called the inner layer, can be on the fourth side called F4 on the passenger compartment side, in particular facing the inner masking layer (and even of the same nature, for example an enamel, in particular black on a second sheet of mineral glass).

[0305] In particular for an automotive component (the first sheet being the outer glazing) such as the roof:

[0306] - the width of the internal (and even inner) masking layer along the edges longitudinal can be at most 30cm, in particular 10-20cm.

[0307] - the width of the internal (and even inner) masking layer along the edge the rear lateral can be at most 40cm or 30cm in particular of at least 1 or 5cm and along the front lateral edge of at most 60cm or 40cm in particular of at least 1 or 5cm.

[0308] The width of the inner masking layer is preferably greater than that of the inner masking layer. In particular, the inner masking layer is congruent with, or narrower than, the width of the inner masking layer.

[0309] The internal and / or inner masking layer may be an organic or mineral binder (fused glass frit) with an organic or inorganic coloring agent, including molecular coloring or inorganic pigment.

[0310] The internal and / or inner masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).

[0311] The glazing may also include at least one of the following functional elements:

[0312] - an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer between the second face F2 and the third face F3, preferably forming a frame, particularly in contact with the second face F2, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the outside and possibly masking all or part of the barrier element, even if it is opposite a light source and a light redirection element

[0313] - an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer, particularly on the fourth face F4, in particular congruent with or less than the width of the internal masking layer, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the inside

[0314] - an external electroconductive coating, in particular reflective of infrared (low emissivity), such as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer stack (in particular based on indium tin oxide (ITO)), on the fourth face F4 of the second sheet (in mineral glass), in particular such as a stack with a transparent conductive oxide-based functional layer, and preferably dielectric coatings each comprising at least one dielectric layer, so that the transparent conductive oxide-based functional layer is disposed between two dielectric coatings.

[0315] - an internal electroconductive coating, in particular reflective of infrared (solar control), such as a stack of silver layer(s) on the second face F2 on the first clear sheet, or on an additional film, in particular a polymer, or even on the upper face of the upper support, in particular an internal electroconductive functional coating, comprising at least one silver-based functional metallic layer, and preferably dielectric coatings each comprising at least one dielectric layer, so that each functional metallic layer is disposed between two dielectric coatings, functional coating (transparent), in particular on face F2 or on face side face F2 of the upper support.

[0316] In the case of a particular roof, the internal masking layer is not necessarily opaque enough to prevent stray light from entering, the light source being on the fourth face F4. An internal opaque element, peripheral and between the second and third faces, may be desirable, particularly between this internal masking layer (delimiting the glass area) and the third face, or even replacing this internal masking layer.

[0317] The internal opaque element masks the light source (the light points of the source) which is on the fourth face (F4) or even masks the light redirection element (optical redirection film) opposite the light source.

[0318] An internal opaque element of the same or similar color to the internal opaque masking layer (optional), in particular black, is preferred.

[0319] This internal opaque element, preferably black, and preferably under the internal black masking layer, is selected from:

[0320] - a piece within the interleaf (black, with black coating, metallic piece, polymer etc.)

[0321] - in particular a film, especially a polymer (non-adhesive) film inserted within the interlayer, in particular a tinted film (opaque film in mass or with an opaque layer, for example, placed or glued onto the peripheral part of the transparent film)

[0322] - in particular an opaque layer for example on the peripheral part of the film transparent

[0323] - or interlayer, in particular thermoplastic such as PVB (area - outside clear of glass - of the lower or upper interlayer or locally opaque upper layer or all around the perimeter).

[0324] The internal opaque element can extend upstream of the injection zone (from the outer edge of the light direction element) to the edge or at least 1cm or 5mm from the edge of the glazing.

[0325] This internal opaque element may preferably have a light transmission of less than 5%, more preferably less than 2%, 1% or 0.5% or even zero.

[0326] An example of opaque PVB containing black pigments is the product called RB 17830000 Vanceva absolute black® sold by Saflex.

[0327] The laminated glazing according to the invention may therefore also comprise a layer that reflects or absorbs infrared radiation, on face F2 or on a transparent polymer film (PET, etc.) between two interlayers or even on the substrate superior, in particular a stack of thin films comprising at least one metallic layer such as silver (and even 2 or 3 or 4), the silver layer or layers being arranged between dielectric layers on the F2 face or at the ITO for the F4 face.

[0328] The functional coating according to the invention is in particular a stack of thin films comprising at least two silver-based metallic functional layers, each silver-based metallic functional layer being arranged between dielectric coatings.

[0329] As an example of a film carrying the functional coating, we can cite for example the XIR® film from the Eastman company.

[0330] In this description, unless otherwise indicated, the expression "based on", used to describe a material or layer as to what it contains, means that the mass fraction of the constituent it comprises is at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%.

[0331] It is understood that the functional coating can also be used to electrically heat the glass.

[0332] The functional coating preferably comprises at least two or three silver-based metallic functional layers, each disposed between two dielectric coatings. The thickness of one (of each) silver-based metallic functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, in particular preferably from 5 nm to 25 nm and even from 8 to 15 nm.

[0333] The functional coating may further comprise at least one blocking layer located in contact with a silver-based functional metallic layer.

[0334] The blocking layer(s) are chosen from: - metallic coatings based on a metal or metallic alloy, metallic nitride coatings, and metallic oxynitride coatings of one or more elements selected from titanium, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium, and niobium, - the metallic oxide layers of one or more elements chosen from titanium, nickel, chromium and niobium.

[0335] A particularly advantageous embodiment of the functional coating relates to a stack defined starting from the transparent film comprising: - a first dielectric coating comprising at least one barrier layer and one dielectric stabilizing layer, - optionally a blocking layer, - a first functional layer, - optionally a blocking layer, - a second dielectric coating comprising at least one lower stabilizing dielectric layer, one barrier layer and one upper stabilizing dielectric layer, - optionally a blocking layer, - a second functional layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a third dielectric coating comprising at least one lower stabilizing dielectric layer, one barrier layer, and one upper stabilizing dielectric layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a third functional layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a fourth dielectric coating comprising at least one dielectric layer with a stabilizing function, one layer with a barrier function, - possibly a protective layer.

[0336] Another particularly advantageous embodiment of the functional coating relates to a defined stacking starting from the transparent film: - a first dielectric coating comprising at least one silicon nitride-based layer and one zinc oxide-based layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a first functional layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a second dielectric coating comprising at least three successive layers: a zinc oxide-based layer, a silicon nitride-based layer, and a zinc oxide-based layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a second functional layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a third dielectric coating comprising at least three successive layers: a zinc oxide-based layer, a silicon nitride-based layer, and a zinc oxide-based layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a third functional layer, - possibly a blocking layer, - a fourth dielectric coating comprising at least one zinc oxide-based layer, one silicon nitride-based layer and - possibly a protective layer.

[0337] The following two examples are transparent films carrying a functional coating with 3 layers of silver with dielectric coatings.

[0338] Example 1 Si3N4 ZnO NiCr Ag3 ZnO (ZnSnOx) SiNx ZnO NiCr Ag2 ZnO (ZnSnOx) SiNx ZnO NiCr AgZnO (ZnSnOx) SiNx Support (first sheet of clear glass etc)

[0339] Example 2 ZnSnOx ZnO NiCr Ag3 ZnSnOx ZnO ZnSnOx ZnO NiCr Ag2 ZnO ZnSnOx ZnO NiCr Agi ZnO Support (first sheet of clear glass etc.)

[0340] Examples of ITO stacking for face F4 include those described in US patent 2015 / 0146286, on face F4, particularly in examples 1 to 3.

[0341] An infrared-reflective coating is also known in patent application WO2018 / 206236 and in particular:

[0342] - a dielectric coating comprising dielectric layers such as layers of silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide, - a functional layer based on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, - a dielectric coating comprising dielectric layers such as silicon nitride and silicon oxide layers.

[0343] The invention also relates to a road vehicle incorporating the aforementioned illuminable laminated glazing of the invention, in particular the laminated glazing being a roof (canopy or canopy in English) or a side glazing (fixed or opening).

[0344] In this application, the term "road vehicle" means a car, in particular a utility vehicle (van, light van, delivery van) under 3.5 tonnes (light utility vehicle) or a truck or a shuttle, small public, private or public transport vehicle.

[0345] Other details and advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from reading the examples according to the invention illustrated by the following figures.

[0346] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 100 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a first embodiment. Figure 1a shows a detailed view of the prismatic reflector film used to redirect the light in the first embodiment. Figure 1' shows a schematic front view of the illuminable laminated glass element of [Fig. 1]. [Fig. 1]” represents a schematic front view of a variant of the illuminable laminated glass element.

[0347] Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 200 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a second embodiment. Figure 3a shows a detailed view of the reflective prismatic film used to redirect the light in this third embodiment. Figure 3b shows a detailed view of the reflective prismatic film used to redirect the light in an alternative to this third embodiment.

[0348] Fig. 3 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 300 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a third embodiment.

[0349] Figure 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 400 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment. Figure 4a shows a detailed view of the prismatic reflector film used to redirect the light in this fourth embodiment.

[0350] Fig. 5 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 500 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fifth embodiment.

[0351] Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 600 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a sixth embodiment. Figure 6' shows a schematic front view of the illuminable laminated glass element of Figure 6.

[0352] Fig. 7 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 700 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a seventh embodiment.

[0353] Fig. 8 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 800 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in an eighth embodiment.

[0354] Fig. 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 900 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a ninth embodiment.

[0355] Fig. 10 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 1000 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a tenth embodiment.

[0356] It is specified that for the sake of clarity the different elements of the objects represented are not necessarily reproduced to scale.

[0357] Figure 1 represents a schematic cross-sectional view, here lateral, of a luminous laminated element of vehicle 100 according to the invention in a first mode of realization by peripheral lighting. [Fig. 1] represents a schematic front view of the element of [Fig. 1]. In particular, for a roof (canopy) the width is 85cm to 1.4m and the length is 75cm to 1.65m.

[0358] This refers to a laminated car roof, 100, rectangular and domed (in one or more directions), which comprises:

[0359] - a first sheet of glass 1, for example rectangular (of dimensions (1600 x 1100 mm for example), with a first main face 11 corresponding to face Fl, a second main face 12 called face F2, and an edge (longitudinal slices 10 and 10'), the outer pane 1 has a tinted composition whose tint will be customized (for example, Venus VG10 or TSA 3+ or 4+ glass marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass, or alternatively, clear glass (Planiclear marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass), and face F2 being preferably bare or possibly coated with a transparent functional solar control coating

[0360] - a second transparent sheet, preferably mineral glass, 2, here likewise shape and dimensions of the first sheet 1, forming the internal glazing, passenger compartment side, having a third main face 13 or face F3 and a fourth main face 14 or face F4, and an edge (longitudinal slices 20 and 20' - for example a sheet of soda-lime silicate glass, extra clear such as Diamant glass marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass with a TL of at least 91%, of a thickness equal for example to 2.9 mm, glass with a refractive index of 1.52 at 600 nm or Optiwhite glass of 1.95 mm, or Sunmax glass of 2.05 mm

[0361] - between face F2 and face F3, a transparent laminate interlayer 3, with a longitudinal slice 30, aligned or possibly offset from the longitudinal slices 10, 10' towards the center of the glass (therefore recessed), here comprising:

[0362] - an upper interlayer 31, in particular thermoplastic, here based on PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight), 0.38mm or 0.76mm (in one or two sheets) with adhesive contact on face F2, untinted (clear)

[0363] - a lower interlayer 32 of PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% in weight), untinted, clear (as transparent as possible and with as few optical defects as possible), 0.38mm or 0.76mm (in one or two sheets) in adhesive contact with face F3, with a refractive index n3 of approximately 1.48 at 600nm, for example PVB with a TL of 99.9%.

[0364] Alternatively, the lower interlayer 32 is based on PVB with no or little plasticizers (in particular less than 5% by weight), in particular OPTICAL GRADE THIN FILM, for example with a thickness of at most 100pm.

[0365] The glazing also comprises, sandwiched between the upper interlayer 31 and lower interlayer 32: an electroactive device, with variable diffusion, 9, containing a electroactive layer 93 comprising liquid crystals and a polymer phase and even PDLC, between a top support with a top edge and a top main face Fs oriented towards face F2 and top support comprising a top electrode 92 and a bottom support 91' with a bottom edge, bottom support comprising a bottom electrode 92', the electroactive layer 93 being between the bottom electrodes 92' and top electrode 92, the bottom support 91' being closer to face F3 than the top support 91 and comprising a front main face Fa oriented towards face F2 and an opposite rear main face Fb oriented towards face F3.

[0366] The upper song has longitudinal edges 910, 911. The lower song has longitudinal edges 910', 911'.

[0367] The lower support and the lower electrode extend beyond the upper edge in a first protruding area and the upper support and the upper electrode extend beyond the lower edge in a second protruding area opposite the first protruding area.

[0368] In these first and second salient zones, current supply strips 90, 90' are added to the electrodes

[0369] The interlayer frame layer 33 (PVB) protects and surrounds the device 9.

[0370] The glazing preferably comprises a barrier element 94, at the periphery of the electroactive device, separating the electroactive layer from the lamination interlayer, here of barrier element 31, 32 and 33, on the periphery of the electroactive layer

[0371] The barrier element 94 here is external, comprising here a pair of coupled polymer barrier films, in particular without plasticizers,

[0372] - covering all or part of the first protruding area and even extending onto the face upper Fs and / or extending to the rear face Fb.

[0373] - covering all or part of the second protruding area and extending over the rear face and even extending to the upper surface

[0374] In particular, it consists of two polymer barrier films: a first film which is a polymer frame (PET), notably of Z-section (three portions 941, 942, 943), coupled to a second film 944 which is a frame of rectangular section.

[0375] The laminated glazing element 100 has an internal masking layer 7 forming a masking frame delimiting a glazed area 70 (daylight), here rectangular (see [Fig. 1]') with straight edges. Any local modification of the edges 70 is possible (gradient of points, wider area, etc.). For example, the internal masking layer 7 is:

[0376] - a black enamel on the F2 face

[0377] - or black ink, on one of the faces of the upper intercalated layer of preferably with the face oriented towards the F2 face, ink preferably based on PVB with black pigments if upper intercalated layer 31 PVB.

[0378] -the masking width at the front (front lateral edge side 10a) is, for example, from 10 to 40cm

[0379] -the masking width at the rear (rear side edge 10b) is, for example, from 5 to 25cm

[0380] -the masking width on the long sides (longitudinal edges) is for example from 5 to 20cm, identical or distinct width for the two long sides.

[0381] The internal masking layer 7 masks from the outside the edges of the PDLC 9 and even the barrier films 94.

[0382] To optically isolate a lower part (with light guidance and light extraction) and the PDLC layer 93, the laminated glass element 100 further comprises an optical insulating coating 5 on the rear face Fb (face side F3).

[0383] The optical insulating coating 5 is made of a material, preferably a polymer, comprising a separate matrix of a fluoropolymer with a submillimeter thickness Ei of at least 400 nm and preferably 500 nm or 800 nm, and a layer 50 optionally recessed from the lower surface 911 without compromising the optical insulating function. The optical insulating coating may be directly or on a functional sublayer (barrier, etc.), transparent to the lower support 91'.

[0384] The film 5' is transparent and can be clear or tinted, in particular a neutral color.

[0385] The optical insulating coating 5 is transparent and even as transparent as possible.

[0386] In one configuration, the optical insulating coating comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix with said n2 index, preferably of at most 1.42 and even at least 1.35, the matrix preferably being among polyacrylate-based polymers with a fluorinated function, in particular urethane acrylate or fluorourethane acrylate or fluorosilicone acrylate. The thickness is preferably at most 1 Opm or 5 µm or 2 µm and at least 800 nm.

[0387] In one configuration, the optical insulating coating comprises a matrix with a refractive index n2m greater than n2 and less than ni, and preferably with n2m of at most 1.48 (and preferably n2 of at most 1.42 and even of at least 1.35), and comprising (nano)poroses and / or (nano)particles of low refractive index, with a refractive index less than ni, in particular hollow, with a size of at most 300 nm or even 100 nm, for example hollow silica nanoparticles. The thickness is preferably at most 1 Opm or 5 pm and at least 800 nm.

[0388] The matrix is ​​a crosslinked polymer or thermoplastic, in particular chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, PVB or minerals, especially silica. A polymer matrix based on polyacrylate, polyurethane or even polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, or polyester is preferred.

[0389] Alternatively, coating 5 is porous silica.

[0390] For the light function, the laminated glass element 100 further comprises, masked from the outside by the internal masking layer 7:

[0391] - light-emitting diodes 4 (here front-emitting) on ​​a support 40 (by (e.g., PCB) opposite (or offset from) the fourth main face 14,

[0392] - on the third main face F3, a local light redirection element, peripheral such as a prismatic reflector film 8,

[0393] For example, the reflective prismatic film is a polymer prismatic film 8, as shown in detail in [Fig. 1a] with:

[0394] - a flat part 81 (substrate for example PET of at most 100 µm) glued or fixed by suction on the third side F3 13,

[0395] - and a textured or prismatic layer (embossing etc.), partially or fully textured, forming prisms 82 which become reflectors by a reflective layer 83 for example metallic (by conformal deposition on the prismatic textured surface).

[0396] Here the prismatic reflective film 8 is glued by a glue 60 on the third main face F3, it can also be held by suction.

[0397] The microprisms are schematically in cross-section as right triangles, but the apex angle can be adjusted to better direct light towards the extraction means. Similarly, the principal direction of emission of the light source can be adjusted.

[0398] For example, a transparent prismatic film (then on the fourth side) comprises a transparent thermoplastic film, for example based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which the transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (a resin crosslinked, for example, by UV). For the reflective prismatic film, a metallic layer is added (conformal coating).

[0399] The prismatic reflective film 8 is in adhesive contact here with the lower interlayer 32. The prismatic reflective film 8 forms a longitudinal band like the linear type light source 4 along a longitudinal edge of the element for example as seen in [Fig.1]'.

[0400] Alternatively, the prismatic film 81,82 is a monolithic polymer film, for example preformed, and the reflective layer 83 is applied.

[0401] The light from the diodes is refracted in the second glass, in the prismatic reflector film 8, and then redirected at a given angle towards the light extraction means 6, here on the third face F3, for example, diffusing ink, as transparent as possible if desired, and into the clear glass. The light rays propagate by total internal reflection at face F4, and

[0402] -for some by total internal reflection at the interface between the lower laminated interlayer 32 and the second sheet up to the extraction means (via the surface on the face side F3)

[0403] -and even for others at the interface between the interlayer layer of lamination 32 and the optical insulating coating 5 and reach the diffusing means via the surface face side F2).

[0404] The prismatic reflector film 8 is here under the optical insulating coating 5

[0405] As a precaution to avoid stray light passing through film 8, reaching the layer 93 and even the masking layer 7 we optionally add an internal opaque element 7' to the right of the prismatic film 8 (of the same width and not exceeding the internal edge 80' of the film 8), here an opaque ink (black) on the front face 51' of the film 5' or even a black PET film glued or placed on top.

[0406] Alternatively, a prismatic film transparent on the F4 face side, downstream of the diodes, is chosen.

[0407] The diodes and / or their support can be attached to face F4 (by an additional part, etc.). Each light source (diode array(s), particularly a longitudinal one) on the fourth face can thus be associated with collimating optics or a collimator. The light source, with an optional collimator, can be fixed to the fourth face, either by direct bonding or by spacing the diodes and mounting them on a peripheral support fixed to the fourth face. The collimator is located in the optical path of the light source. The collimator generates a light beam from the generally divergent light beam of the light source with a beam path that is preferably essentially parallel, or at least a less divergent, i.e., more concentrated, beam path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator.The main direction of the light source's radiation can be adjusted, for example, to form an angle with the normal to the glazing, for example, 22° to the normal to the glazing.

[0408] Alternatively, the diodes are side-emitting.

[0409] The means can therefore be doubled by adding another light source 4' on its support 40', another prismatic reflector film 8' along the other longitudinal edge 10' as seen in [Fig. 1]. The longitudinal edges 10, 10' here are not parallel. In particular, on each side, there can be a set of diode strips on supports 40, either disjoint or connected to each other. They can also be placed on the front or rear edges.

[0410] The extraction means 6 are, for example, extended or point geometric patterns, in particular with a width of no more than 10mm to avoid the shading phenomenon.

[0411] For example, the distance between the extraction means extraction 6 and the diodes (or the prismatic film 8) is at least 10mm or 40mm.

[0412] For example, the extraction means 6 comprise a diffusing coating (a network of disjointed and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with face F3 and covering at most 40% of the clear glass area to promote adhesion with the second sheet 2. The diffusing coating is deposited on face F3 (for example, a semi-transparent enamel) or on the main face of the lower PVB 32 layer oriented towards face F3 (a diffusing resin, for example). The diffusing coating 6 (polymer, mineral) is deposited by liquid means (by inkjet printing, screen printing, etc.).

[0413] For example, the diffusing coating is on face F3 (or even F4), for example with an acrylate matrix, preferably with a refractive index greater than or equal to ni, with TiO2 particles of at least 100 nm in diameter and preferably of at most 1 pm or 400 nm. It is 100 pm to 100 pm or even 50 pm thick. The diffusing coating (for example, based on PVB with TiO2 particles of 100 to 200 nm in diameter) is alternatively deposited on the face facing face F3 of the lower interlayer 32 PVB.

[0414] Alternatively, the diffusing coating (for example, based on PVB with TiO2 particles of 100 to 200nm in diameter) is deposited on the face facing face F2 of the lower interlayer 32 in PVB, and is then in contact with the optical insulating coating 5. For example, the diffusing coating (network of disjoint and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with the optical insulating coating covers at most 50% of the clear glass to promote the adhesion of the optical insulating coating with the lower interlayer 32.

[0415] The luminous glazing 100 can have a plurality of extraction zones 6, notably of a given geometry (rectangular, square, round ...). As an alternative to the diffusing layer 6 (enamel, ink, screen-printed or inkjet printed etc.) it can be a film, locally, placed or glued locally on the third face F3 or even fourth face F4 (prismatic film or with diffusing layer or mass diffusing) or between the lower intercalated layer PVB 32 and the film 5'.

[0416] Alternatively, the light source may be one or more primary sources (diodes etc.) coupled directly to a guide, along coupling slice, for example optical fiber extractor with light output zone.

[0417] You can choose diodes emitting white or colored light for ambient lighting, reading...

[0418] Several series of diodes 4 (one edge, two edges, three edges, all around the periphery) can be provided, controlled independently and even of different colors.

[0419] The injection, the position of the light source (and the light redirection element) depends, for example, on the extraction pattern. If the device design segmented electroactive & the design of the extractor pattern allows it, we can have the injection (the light redirection element) at the level of one or more non-extending edges, here lateral (cf [Fig.6] ', injection along the two lateral edges).

[0420] The electroactive device can be segmented into several electroactive regions by at least one electrical discontinuity, in particular of submillimeter width, formed in one of the upper or lower electrodes, in particular obtained by laser, each electroactive region having an electrical supply.

[0421] Furthermore, a protective transparent layer, in particular a polymeric one, with a refractive index greater than n2, a submillimeter thickness, and even a thickness of at most 100 pm or even 30 pm, could be applied to and cover the optical insulating coating 5, particularly for mechanical protection purposes, if the optical insulating coating contains (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles, especially hollow ones. This protective transparent layer is, for example, a protective coating deposited on the optical insulating coating 5. It may be the same matrix as the optical insulating coating 5 without the (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles.

[0422] Alternatively, the lower (and even upper) support is an ultra-thin glass (UTG) and / or the optical insulating coating 5 is porous silica with a possible protective coating of dense silica, for example coatings obtained by sol-gel method.

[0423] If necessary, an internal masking layer is on face F4 14 without hindering the injection of the light source 4 (width possibly locally reduced)

[0424] Possibly the diffusing coating 6 is on the face F4 14, for example an enamel.

[0425] In a particular example:

[0426] - the first sheet 1 of Planiclear clear glass, 2.1 mm thick - the upper interlayer 31 in grey PVB, 0.38 mm thick, - the lower interlayer 32 in clear PVB, 0.76 mm thick, and - the second glass pane 2 is Sunmax glass, 2.1 mm thick

[0427] - the PDLC 9 cell with a thickness of 0.4 mm.

[0428] This glazing has in the ON state a TL of 24% and the colorimetric coordinates Ll* = 56, al* = -1.7 and bl* = 5 the blur in the clear state is 5% and in the OFF state, a TL of 16% and the colorimetric coordinates Ll* = 47, al* = -0.9 and bl* = 7.8; the blur is 97%.

[0429] In a particular example of glazing 100 of [Fig. 1]:

[0430] - the first sheet 1 of Planiclear clear glass, 2.1 mm thick, coated on the front 2 of a stack of thin films (solar control) comprising three layers of silver, - the upper interlayer 31 made of grey PVB, 0.38 mm thick, - the lower interlayer 32 made of 0.76 mm thick clear PVB, and - the second glass pane 2 is a 2.1 mm thick Sunmax glass with a low-emissivity coating on the F4 side, - the PDLC 9 cell, 0.4 mm thick.

[0431] This glazing has in the ON state a TL of 18% and the colorimetric coordinates Ll* = 50, al* = -2 and bl* = 8.6 the blur in the clear state is 6% and in the OFF state, a TL of 13% and the colorimetric coordinates Ll* = 42, al* = -1.1 and bl* = 10.5; the blur is 97%.

[0432] Fig. 2 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 200 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a second embodiment.

[0433] This element 200 differs from the preceding element 100 in that:

[0434] - lens 1 is a Planiclear lens

[0435] - an IR 16 reflective coating is added to face F4, forming a layer low emissivity,

[0436] - the extraction patterns are dimensioned and even on the optical insulating coating 5 - another light source 4' on a support 40' another prismatic reflective film 8' on an opposite edge (or in an adjacent variant)

[0437] - the removal of the internal opaque element on the optical insulating coating 5.

[0438] Furthermore, prismatic film 8 (resp. 8') has been moved and reversed (detail view in [Fig.2a] or 2b as an alternative) on the back face Fb on layer 5 or layer 5 is edged 5 (or locally removed).

[0439] An adhesive 60 is used to fix the prismatic film 8 (and 8'). In particular, the flat portion 81 (substrate, for example, PET of at most 100 µm) is tinted (black) and thus serves as an internal opaque element (Figure 3a). Alternatively, the adhesive 60 is black, thus serving as an internal opaque element, and the flat portion 81 (substrate, for example, PET of at most 100 µm) is, for example, clear. The film can even be textured (hence the dotted line between 81 and 82).

[0440] The infrared-reflecting coating 16, transparent, single-layer or multi-layer, comprises at least one electrically conductive functional layer, for example of a transparent conductive oxide, in particular of 1TTO. This infrared-reflecting coating preferably comprises a dielectric sublayer, in particular of silicon (oxy)nitride, and preferably comprises a dielectric toplayer, in particular of silicon (oxy)nitride.

[0441] Fig. 3 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 300 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a third embodiment.

[0442] This element 300 differs from the first element 100 in that the prisms 8, 8' are glued by a local glue 60 to the face F3, flat part in adhesive contact with the lower intercalated layer 32.

[0443] Fig. 4 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 400 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment.

[0444] This element 400 differs from the second element 300 in that - Glass 1 is possibly a VG 10 tinted glass (layer 15 omitted) - the prisms are oriented towards face F2.

[0445] Fig. 5 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 500 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fifth embodiment.

[0446] This element 500 differs from the first element 100 in that the barrier element 94 is a single U-shaped PET film (three sections 941, 942, 943). The light source and redirection element have also been duplicated.

[0447] Fig. 6 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 600 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a sixth embodiment.

[0448] This element 600 differs from element 200 in that the sources 4, 4' and prisms 8, 8' are along the lateral edges 20a, 20b (cf [Fig.6]'), for example on the barrier film 94 in Z, as close as possible to the optical insulating coating 5.

[0449] Fig. 7 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 700 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a seventh embodiment.

[0450] This element 500 differs from the first element 100 in that the barrier element 94' is an internal joint between the supports 91,91'.

[0451] For example the prismatic film (with opaque or non-opaque substrate, opaque or non-opaque prismatic layer) is oriented towards the face F3 and is between the frame layer 33 (which can be opaque PVB instead of means 7') and the lower interlayer.

[0452] Fig. 8 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 800 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in an eighth embodiment.

[0453] This element 800 which differs from the second element 700 by the injection of light: a transparent prismatic film (without reflective layer) is glued to face F4 (with or without ouche 16) by an optical glue 6'.

[0454] Fig. 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 900 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a ninth embodiment.

[0455] This element 900 differs from the last element 800 by the light injection: a transparent macroprism (without a reflective layer) 82 is bonded to face F4 (without layer 16) by an optical adhesive 6'. The diodes 4 are side-emitting diodes adjacent to the macroprism on one face 82, allowing redirection to the glass sheet 2.

[0456] Fig. 10 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 1000 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a tenth embodiment.

[0457] This element 1000 differs from the third element 300 by the choice of the outer tinted glass 1, the removal of the functional layers 15 and 16 (optional) and especially by the choice of the barrier element which is here a resin pad 94', the light source (here with lateral emission for example) is optically coupled by the edge of the glass sheet 2.

Claims

1. Demands Illuminatable laminated glass element for a vehicle, particularly a road vehicle (100 to 1000), especially a roof or side window, comprising: - a laminated glass, preferably curved, transparent, having: - a first sheet (1), transparent, made of mineral glass, with a first main face Fl (11), a second opposite main face F2 (12) and a first slice (10), intended to form the outer glass, - a second transparent sheet (2), made of mineral glass or polymer, with a third principal face F3 (13), a fourth principal face F4 opposite (14) and a second slice (20), with a refractive index of n / a in the visible - between the first and second sheets, a polymer laminate interlayer (3, 31, 32, 33) comprising an upper interlayer layer (31), on the second face side, and a lower interlayer layer (32, 34) on the third face side, - between the upper and lower intercalated layers (31, 32), an electroactive device, preferably with variable diffusion, (9), containing an electroactive layer (93) preferably comprising liquid crystals and a polymer phase, between an upper support with an upper edge and an upper principal face Fs oriented towards face F2 and an upper support comprising an upper electrode (92) and a lower support (9F) with a lower edge, lower support comprising a lower electrode (92'), the electroactive layer (93) being between the lower (92') and upper (92) electrodes, the lower support (9F) being closer to face F3 than the upper support (91) and comprising a front principal face Fa oriented towards face F2 and an opposite rear principal face Fb oriented towards face F3, - between the electroactive device and the lower interlayer, a transparent optical insulating layer (5) with a visible refractive index n2, n2 being less than ni, an optical insulating layer of submillimeter thickness Ei and of at least 400 nm, characterized in that the lower support comprises on its rear face Fb the optical insulating layer which is an optical insulating coating (5) made of a material comprising a matrix distinct from a fluoropolymer, particularly in adhesive contact with the layer lower intercalary, the difference in refractive indices nl-n2 being at least 0.06 in the visible.

2. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to the preceding claim characterized in that the difference in refractive indices nl-n2 is at least 0.08 in the visible and in that the thickness Ei is at least 500nm, and even at least 800nm.

3. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the optical insulating coating (5) comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix with said index n2, preferably of at most 1.42, matrix preferably among polyacrylate-based polymers with fluorinated function, in particular urethane acrylate or fluorourethane acrylate or fluorosilicone acrylate or in that the optical insulating coating comprises a matrix with a refractive index n2m greater than n2 and less than ni, and preferably with n2m of at most 1.48 and n2 preferably of at most 1.42, and comprising (nano)poroses and / or (nano)particles of low index, of refractive index less than ni, in particular hollow.

4. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the device is variable diffusion, the electroactive layer comprises liquid crystals and a polymer matrix and is even a PDLC layer comprising liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix, and optionally dyes

5. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glazing element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the glazing preferably comprises a barrier element (94), on the periphery of the electroactive device, separating the electroactive layer from the lamination interlayer, barrier element, on the periphery of the electroactive layer, in particular barrier element (94) at a distance from the electroactive layer.

6. Illuminatable laminated vehicle window element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lower support and the lower electrode extend beyond the upper edge in a first projecting zone, and the upper support and the upper electrode extend beyond the lower edge in a second projecting zone opposite the first projecting zone, the barrier element being external and comprising a coating or barrier film, polymer in particular without plasticizers, or even several coupled barrier films, polymer in particular without plasticizers, - barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the first protruding area and even extending over the upper face Fs and / or extending to the rear face Fb - and / or barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the second protruding area and extending over the rear face and / or extending to the upper face.

7. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to one of claims 5 or 6 characterized in that the barrier element, in particular the barrier film(s), preferably PET, is masked from the outside and / or in that the barrier element, preferably external, in particular the barrier film(s), preferably PET, is opaque at least in part, in particular the opaque part opposite a light source on face F4, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes.

8. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the laminated glass comprises a light source (4), in optical coupling with the second sheet, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, light source which is on the fourth face F4 and coupled to a light redirection element (8, 8'), which is: - a prismatic reflector element on the third face F3, opposite the light source, in particular a prismatic reflector element comprising reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, - or a transparent light redirection element on the fourth main face F4.

9. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face F4, and a light redirection element (8, 8'), which is a reflective prismatic element, comprising reflective prisms, on the third face F3, reflective prisms oriented towards face F2 or face F3, or is preferably a transparent prismatic element, and in that the light redirection element is: - at least partially opposite the optical insulating coating - or at most 4mm, preferably at most 1mm, from the optical insulating coating.

10. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the light redirection element (8, 8') is a prismatic reflector element, in particular a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms, arranged on the third face F3 side, between face F2 and face F3, which is - opposite the electroactive device: - on the electroactive device, preferably reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3, bonded to face F3 by the lower interlayer or by a local adhesive - or on face F3, reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F2 and in contact with the lower interlayer, - or is offset from said electroactive device.

11. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glazing element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the glazing comprises an internal peripheral opaque element (7') which is between the second face F2 and third face F3, in particular opposite a light source on the face F4 side which is - on the electroactive device, preferably opaque barrier film of the barrier element, - and / or opaque part of a prismatic light redirection reflector element on the third face F3 side, comprising reflective prisms oriented towards the face F3 side - and / or opaque glue of a prismatic light redirection reflector element on the third face F3 side, comprising reflective prisms oriented towards the face F3 or F2 side.

12. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a diffusing coating (6), forming means for extracting light, preferably local or discontinuous, and opposite the electroactive device, and in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer layer (32) which is in particular based on PVB, in contact with the optical insulating coating (5) and / or on a face oriented towards the face F3 and / or is carried by the lower support and on the optical insulating coating (5).

13. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following functional elements: - an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer (7) between the second face F2 and the third face F3, preferably forming a frame, in particular in contact with the second face F2, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the outside, and even opposite a light source and a light redirection element; - an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer, in particular congruent with or of a width less than the width of the internal masking layer, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the inside; - an internal electroconductive functional coating (15), in particular infrared-reflecting, a functional coating in particular on the face F2 or on the upper face of the upper support; - an external electroconductive coating (16),particularly reflecting infrared radiation, on the fourth side F4 of the second sheet.

14. A vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, incorporating an illuminable laminated glass element according to one of the preceding claims.

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