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This invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering technology, and specifically discloses a method for treating phytoremediation-derived biomass containing heavy metals. This method utilizes bone meal to immobilize heavy metals in the biomass through a co-hydrothermal process, controlling the leaching of Cd within a safe threshold range and Zn far below the safe threshold. This ensures that the resulting hydrothermal carbon composite material does not pose an ecological risk due to excessive heavy metal release. Furthermore, the hydrothermal carbon composite material obtained by this method possesses characteristics such as uniformity, porosity, and a large specific surface area, exhibiting excellent heavy metal adsorption capacity, thus enabling its reuse as a soil remediation agent. This method eliminates the need for separating heavy metals from the phytoremediation-derived biomass, is simple in process, and avoids problems such as acid washing wastewater pollution and treatment.