A machine tool spindle structure with damping

Abstract

The present invention provides a machine tool spindle structure with damping, including a spindle, a front taper hole is provided at the front end of the spindle; a spindle taper sleeve and a damper; the spindle taper sleeve is a hollow conical structure, which is adaptively installed in the front taper hole of the spindle, and a spindle taper hole is also provided in the spindle taper sleeve for installing a machining tool, and the damper is arranged between the front taper hole and the spindle taper sleeve, and contacts the spindle taper sleeve. The present invention enhances the contact performance between the tool shank and the spindle taper hole by providing a damper and cooperating with a rigid contact structure of a conical surface contact, actively controls and reduces the vibration generated during the cutting process, solves the problem of excessive cutting vibration during the cutting process of the machine tool and rapid repair and replacement after the spindle taper hole surface is damaged, and effectively improves the machining accuracy and use efficiency of the machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the field of machining center or machine tool spindle structure, in particular to a horizontal machining center or a horizontal machine tool spindle, and specifically to a damped machine tool spindle structure with an active wireless adjustment control damper and a replaceable spindle front end taper shank sleeve. Background Art

[0002] The structure of the existing machining center spindle, especially the spindle of the horizontal machining center, is: a spindle taper hole is arranged at the front end of the spindle, and the spindle taper hole and the spindle body are an integrated structure.

[0003] On the one hand, during the machining process, the tool is subjected to dynamic cutting force to produce cutting chatter. During the machine tool cutting process, the cutting chatter will affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The current method can only passively change the process parameters, such as reducing the feed rate, reducing the spindle speed, etc., to reduce the impact of cutting chatter on the machining accuracy, which seriously affects the machining efficiency.

[0004] On the other hand, when the tool spindle machining center, especially the horizontal machining center, uses a robot to change the tool, for example, when encountering a relatively large and long boring tool, due to the weight of the tool itself; at the same time, due to the limited clamping force of the robot, when the tool is installed into the spindle taper hole, the tail end of the tool pull nail will contact the spindle taper hole surface. In the long run, it will scratch the spindle taper hole surface, resulting in a slide groove and surrounding protrusions, which seriously affects the positioning and installation accuracy of the tool, thereby affecting the accuracy of machine tool processing. The existing method is that once scratches or protrusions appear, the entire spindle assembly needs to be disassembled, and then the spindle body parts are removed for repair. If it cannot be repaired, the spindle needs to be replaced, which seriously affects the efficiency of the machine tool. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a machine tool spindle structure with damping, so as to actively solve the problems of excessive cutting chatter during the machine tool cutting process and rapid repair and replacement after the spindle taper hole surface is damaged.

[0006] The specific scheme is as follows: A machine tool spindle structure with damping includes a spindle with a front taper hole at the front end of the spindle; and also includes a matching spindle taper sleeve and a damper;

[0007] The spindle taper sleeve is a hollow conical structure, which is adaptively installed in the front taper hole of the spindle; a spindle taper hole is also provided in the spindle taper sleeve for installing a machining tool;

[0008] The damper is arranged between the front cone hole and the main shaft cone sleeve, and contacts the main shaft cone sleeve.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the outer side surface of the spindle taper sleeve and the inner side surface of the front taper hole are both tapered inclined surfaces and are tightly matched;

[0010] The inner side surface of the front cone hole is provided with uniformly distributed damper installation grooves, the damper is arranged in the damper installation grooves and abuts against the outer side surface of the main shaft cone sleeve.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is: there are multiple dampers, which are evenly distributed on the inner side surface of the front tapered hole; and the dampers are arranged at positions corresponding to the middle end of the spindle tapered sleeve.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the damper is a wirelessly controlled damper.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the damper is circular, and correspondingly, the damper mounting groove is a circular groove.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is that a flange is also provided at the front end of the spindle taper sleeve, the flange is embedded in the front end face of the spindle and is locked on the spindle by bolts, and the front taper hole of the spindle and the mating surface of the spindle taper sleeve are in close contact.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is: it also includes a transverse through groove, which transversely penetrates the main shaft and the front end surface of the main shaft taper sleeve; it is used to install a key block for transmitting torque of the tool, and the transverse through groove crosses the flange flange to separate the flange flange into two upper and lower sections.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The damped machine tool spindle structure of the present invention comprises a spindle, the front end of which is provided with a front cone hole; it also comprises a spindle cone sleeve and a damper; the spindle cone sleeve is a hollow conical structure, which is adaptively installed in the front cone hole of the spindle, the spindle cone sleeve is also provided with a spindle cone hole for installing a machining tool, and the damper is arranged between the front cone hole and the spindle cone sleeve, and contacts the spindle cone sleeve. The present invention enhances the contact performance between the tool shank and the spindle cone hole by setting a damper and cooperating with a rigid contact structure of cone surface contact, actively controls and reduces the vibration generated during the cutting process, solves the problem of excessive cutting vibration during the cutting process of the machine tool and the problem of rapid repair and replacement after the spindle cone hole surface is damaged, and effectively improves the machining accuracy and use efficiency of the machine tool.

[0017] In addition, in order to address the defect that the contact stiffness between the spindle taper hole and the tool holder decreases when the spindle rotates at high speed, thereby reducing the machining accuracy, a wireless controlled damper and a damper controller are provided. The damper controller changes the outer shape expansion of the damper through detection or program setting and wireless communication, so as to enhance the contact strength between the spindle taper hole and the tool holder and maintain the stability of the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0018] At the same time, in a further technical solution, the problem of the spindle taper hole being damaged or injured during the use of the spindle, for example, in a horizontal machining center or a horizontal spindle machine tool, due to the use of relatively heavy tools such as boring tools, when the tool is changed by a manipulator, the center of gravity of the tool is offset, and when the tool is inserted into the spindle taper hole, the pull pin at the tail of the tool will contact the spindle taper hole surface, and scratches and damages will appear after long-term use, affecting the matching accuracy of the tool handle and the spindle taper hole, which will inevitably affect the processing accuracy of the parts; the prior art adopts the method of disassembling the spindle and then repairing it on the corresponding machine tool, which has a long maintenance cycle. If it cannot be repaired, the spindle must be reprocessed, and the production efficiency is seriously affected due to the disassembly of the spindle assembly or the reprocessing of the spindle. The spindle taper sleeve of the present invention is convenient for quick disassembly and replacement when the spindle taper hole is damaged, without disassembling the spindle, reducing maintenance time, and greatly improving work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the machine tool spindle structure with damping of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of

[0021] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 Explosion-proof structural intent;

[0022] Figure 4 The change trend of the broaching force is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, a person of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0024] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0025] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a machine tool spindle structure with damping, including a cylindrical hollow spindle 1, a front taper hole 11 with a conical surface is provided at the front end of the spindle 1; a spindle taper sleeve 2 and four dampers 4 are also installed in the front taper hole 11.

[0026] Among them, the spindle taper sleeve 2 is a hollow conical structure, which includes a conical barrel-shaped main body 20, and the front end of the main body 20 is provided with an annular outwardly convex flange flange 21. Among them, a spindle taper hole 22 is also provided in the spindle taper sleeve. The spindle taper hole is used to install a tool (not shown in the figure) and abuts against the tapered surface of the tool handle to achieve the installation and fixation of the tool.

[0027] The spindle taper sleeve 2 is adaptively installed in the spindle 1 through the front taper hole 11, and the flange 21 is embedded in the front end surface of the spindle 1 and locked on the spindle 1 through the bolt 3, that is, the spindle taper hole 22 is set on the spindle 1. Similarly, in order to realize the installation of the tool, the spindle 1 is also provided with a rivet hole 12 for tightening and fixing the tool.

[0028] In this embodiment, the damper 4 is arranged between the front tapered hole 11 and the spindle tapered sleeve 2, and rigidly abuts against the spindle tapered sleeve 2. Its specific installation structure is: the outer side surface of the spindle tapered sleeve 2 and the inner side surface of the front tapered hole 11 are both conical inclined surfaces; then, four circular grooves are provided on the inner side surface of the front tapered hole 11, which are the damper installation grooves 114. The damper 4 is a circular wireless controlled damper. The damper uses wireless communication to make the shape of the damper expand and change, and it is correspondingly arranged in the installation groove 114 to achieve mosaic installation.

[0029] The main body 20 is inserted into the front tapered hole 11 and is rigidly connected to the wall of the front tapered hole 11 ; then, the damper 4 rigidly contacts the outer wall of the main body 20 to achieve compression of the main body 20 .

[0030] In this embodiment, there are four dampers 4, which are evenly distributed on the inner side of the front tapered hole 11; and the dampers 4 are arranged at a position corresponding to the rear end of the spindle taper sleeve 2. Since the spindle taper sleeve 2 is fixed by the flange 21 at the front end, its rear end is circumferentially clamped and fixed by multiple dampers 4, which plays a role in stabilizing the rear end structure.

[0031] In order to further fix the tool and achieve the shock-absorbing effect of the tool handle, the embodiment further includes a transverse through groove 10, which transversely penetrates the front end surface of the spindle 1 and the spindle taper sleeve 2. During the processing, in order to achieve the best fit, the transverse through groove should be cut synchronously with the spindle 1 after the spindle taper sleeve 2 is installed. The transverse through groove 10 crosses the flange 21 to cut the middle of the flange 21 and separate it into two upper and lower arc segments. This cantilever fixing structure ensures that the damper 4 can fully play the role of damping and shock absorption under the premise of ensuring the processing accuracy.

[0032] The above is more suitable for the spindles with a spindle taper of 50# and 60#. In order to verify the control effect of the machine tool spindle structure with damping on cutting chatter in this embodiment, this case also provides a comparative experiment with different speeds and with or without a damper. The experimental process and experimental results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 4 shown.

[0033] Table 1. Test table of broach force at different speeds

[0034]

[0035] From Table 1 and Figure 4 It can be seen that after setting the damper, as the spindle speed increases, the pulling force attenuates less, the tool fixing effect is good, which greatly improves the tool stability and solves the problem of excessive cutting vibration during machine tool cutting.

[0036] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made to the present invention in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool spindle structure with damping, comprising a spindle, the front end of which is provided with a front cone hole; characterized in that: Also includes a spindle taper sleeve and a damper; The spindle taper sleeve is a hollow conical structure, which is adaptively installed in the front taper hole of the spindle; a spindle taper hole is also provided in the spindle taper sleeve for installing a machining tool; The damper is arranged between the front cone hole and the main shaft cone sleeve and contacts the main shaft cone sleeve. The outer side surface of the spindle taper sleeve and the inner side surface of the front taper hole are both tapered inclined surfaces; The inner side surface of the front tapered hole is evenly provided with damper mounting grooves, the damper is arranged in the damper mounting grooves and abuts against the outer side surface of the spindle tapered sleeve; The damper is a wireless controlled damper and also includes a damping controller. The damping controller changes the outer shape expansion of the damper through wireless communication to enhance the contact strength between the spindle taper hole and the tool handle.

2. The machine tool spindle structure with damping according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of dampers, which are evenly distributed on the inner side surface of the front cone hole; and the dampers are arranged at positions corresponding to the middle end of the spindle cone sleeve.

3. The machine tool spindle structure with damping according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damper is circular, and correspondingly, the damper mounting groove is a circular groove.

4. The machine tool spindle structure with damping according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The front end of the spindle taper sleeve is also provided with a flange flange, which is embedded in the front end surface of the spindle and locked on the spindle by bolts, and the front taper hole of the spindle and the mating surface of the spindle taper sleeve are in close contact.

5. The machine tool spindle structure with damping according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a transverse through groove, which transversely penetrates the main shaft and the front end surface of the main shaft taper sleeve; it is used to install a key block for the tool to transmit torque, and the transverse through groove crosses the flange flange to separate the flange flange into two upper and lower sections.

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