A soil infiltration capacity monitoring device and a monitoring method

Abstract

The present invention provides a soil infiltration capacity monitoring device and a monitoring method, the monitoring device comprising: a barrel body for inserting into the soil of the arsenic sandstone area, a water injection mechanism for injecting water into the barrel body, and a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the soil infiltration amount; the water injection mechanism is arranged on the top of the barrel body, the water injection mechanism is connected with the barrel body through a pipeline, and the monitoring mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the barrel body. By monitoring the soil water infiltration amount in the bottomless barrel inserted into the earth, the saturated infiltration amount of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the near-natural determination of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is realized, the labor intensity of users is reduced, and the accuracy of experimental data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of natural monitoring experimental equipment, and in particular to a soil infiltration capacity monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Arsenic sandstone is known as the cancer of the earth. It turns into mud when it comes into contact with water, and the soil has poor agglomeration ability. In addition, the annual rainfall in the arsenic sandstone area is low, and the rainfall is mainly heavy rain. After the rain, most of the water is lost in the form of runoff. It is mostly long-term weak rainfall that can provide soil infiltration and vegetation water. Therefore, the determination of soil moisture infiltration in the arsenic sandstone area in field experiments has long been an urgent problem to be solved. In the prior art, soil moisture meters are mostly used when collecting soil infiltration data in the field. Although these instruments can effectively measure the amount of soil infiltration, the instruments are expensive and difficult to deploy and maintain. The existing soil infiltration capacity is usually measured by monitoring the soil moisture after natural rainfall through instruments, or taking the original soil after rainfall back to the laboratory for measurement. The former has extremely high requirements for instruments and requires high monitoring costs; the latter requires a high level of experience in field soil collection, and the collected soil samples need to be transported back to the laboratory as soon as possible. Multi-day sampling data requires standardized soil preservation measures and needs to be tested immediately after being brought back to the laboratory. These steps can affect the accuracy of the monitoring results. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a soil infiltration capacity monitoring device and a monitoring method in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a soil infiltration capacity monitoring device, comprising: a barrel body for inserting into the soil of the arsenic sandstone area, a water injection mechanism for injecting water into the barrel body, and a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the soil infiltration amount;

[0005] The water injection mechanism is arranged on the top of the barrel body, the water injection mechanism is connected with the barrel body through a pipeline, and the monitoring mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the barrel body.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by monitoring the soil water infiltration in the earth-entered bottomless barrel, the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the near-natural measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is achieved, thereby reducing the labor intensity of users and improving the accuracy of experimental data.

[0007] Furthermore, the water injection mechanism includes: a water tank for loading water and a water pump for draining the water in the water tank. The water tank is arranged on the top of the barrel body, the water pump is arranged in the water tank, and the output end of the water pump is connected to the barrel body through a pipeline.

[0008] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: the provision of a water pump is used to automatically inject water into the barrel, thereby improving the experimental efficiency and the automation of the monitoring device.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: a flow meter for detecting the water flow rate out of the water tank, and the flow meter is arranged on the pipeline between the water tank and the barrel body.

[0010] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the setting of the flow meter is used to detect the water flow rate of the water tank, monitor the soil moisture infiltration in the underground bottomless bucket, facilitate the acquisition of water injection volume data, and improve the experimental efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes: a timer and a controller for recording the experimental time, the timer and the controller are both arranged on the top of the barrel body, and the flow meter, the monitoring mechanism, the water pump and the timer are all connected to the controller.

[0012] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: the timer and the controller are set to record the experimental time and obtain the soil moisture infiltration, generate the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area, improve the experimental efficiency, and improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes: a display screen, which is connected to the controller.

[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: the display screen is set to display the infiltration volume, experimental time and water injection flow rate of the water injection mechanism, which is convenient for users to obtain experimental data intuitively.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes: a shower head for spraying water into the barrel body, the shower head is an adjustable water volume shower head, the shower head is arranged above the barrel body, and the shower head is connected to the output end of the water pump through a pipeline.

[0016] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the shower head is used to spray water into the barrel to simulate natural rain and dew, thereby improving the authenticity of the monitoring device and the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0017] Furthermore, the water injection mechanism includes: a push-type water injector for loading water, the push-type water injector is arranged on the top of the barrel body, and the output end of the push-type water injector is connected to the barrel body through a pipeline.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the push-type water injector is set for manually injecting water into the barrel body. The user can squeeze the push-type water injector by hand to squeeze the water in the push-type water injector into the barrel body, so that the user can control the water flow rate according to actual needs. The side wall of the push-type water injector is provided with a scale.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes: a cover plate, which is arranged on the top of the barrel body, the cover plate is hinged to the barrel body, the bottom of the barrel body is open, and the barrel body is provided with arsenic sandstone area soil; the monitoring mechanism is a flow sensor.

[0020] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: the setting of the cover plate is used to seal the barrel body, prevent the external environment from affecting the soil inside the barrel body, prevent the evaporation of water in the soil, and improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0021] In addition, the present invention also provides a soil infiltration capacity monitoring method, which comprises:

[0022] Obtain the water injection flow rate at the barrel inlet, the water outflow flow rate at the barrel outlet, and the infiltration experiment time;

[0023] The infiltration information of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is generated according to the water injection flow rate of the barrel inlet, the water outlet flow rate of the barrel outlet and the infiltration experiment time.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by monitoring the soil water infiltration in the earth-entered bottomless barrel, the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the near-natural measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is achieved, thereby reducing the labor intensity of users and improving the accuracy of experimental data.

[0025] Furthermore, the infiltration information is the infiltration rate and the infiltration capacity.

[0026] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: by monitoring the soil moisture infiltration in the underground bottomless barrel, the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the prototype measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is realized, which reduces the labor intensity of users and improves the accuracy of experimental data.

[0027] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 The second structural diagram of the monitoring device provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of a monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic circuit structure block diagram of a monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of the accompanying figures: 1-barrel body; 2-water filling mechanism; 3-monitoring mechanism; 4-water tank; 5-water pump; 6-flow meter; 7-timer; 8-controller; 9-display screen; 10-shower; 11-push-type water injector; 12-cover plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The second structural diagram of the monitoring device provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of a monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic circuit structure block diagram of a monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The embodiment of the present invention provides a soil infiltration capacity monitoring device, which comprises: a barrel 1 for inserting into the soil of the arsenic sandstone area, a water injection mechanism 2 for injecting water into the barrel 1, and a monitoring mechanism 3 for monitoring the soil infiltration amount;

[0037] The water injection mechanism 2 is arranged at the top of the barrel body 1 , and the water injection mechanism 2 is connected to the barrel body 1 through a pipeline. The monitoring mechanism 3 is arranged at the bottom of the barrel body 1 .

[0038] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by monitoring the soil water infiltration in the earth-entered bottomless barrel, the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the near-natural measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is achieved, thereby reducing the labor intensity of users and improving the accuracy of experimental data.

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention obtains the saturated infiltration of soil in the arsenic sandstone area by monitoring the soil moisture infiltration in the earth-entered bottomless barrel, thereby realizing the near-natural measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area, providing a simple and economical device for the near-natural monitoring of soil infiltration in the arsenic sandstone area, and providing technical support for the efficient utilization of water and soil moisture in the arsenic sandstone area.

[0040] The main body of the soil water infiltration monitoring device is a bottomless barrel with a watertight connection to the soil surface, a watertight connection cover is set on the top of the infiltration barrel, a sprinkler with adjustable flow rate (with a flow sensor on it) is installed near the upper edge of the infiltration bottomless barrel, and an infiltration volume monitoring sensor is set near the ground of the infiltration bottomless barrel, the sprinkler flow sensor and the infiltration flow sensor are connected to the data collector and the data processing controller with a time counter in turn, and the infiltration barrel has good light transmission performance. The barrel body material can be fiberglass, glass or plastic, and the infiltration bottomless barrel and the cover need to be effectively insulated and light-proof.

[0041] The present invention obtains the saturated infiltration of soil in the arsenic sandstone area by monitoring the soil moisture infiltration in the earth-embedded bottomless barrel, realizes the prototype measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area, provides a simple and economical device for the near-natural monitoring of soil infiltration in the arsenic sandstone area, and provides technical support for the efficient utilization of water and soil moisture in the arsenic sandstone area.

[0042] Furthermore, the water injection mechanism 2 includes: a water tank 4 for loading water, and a water pump 5 for draining the water in the water tank 4. The water tank 4 is arranged on the top of the barrel body 1, and the water pump 5 is arranged in the water tank 4. The output end of the water pump 5 is connected to the barrel body 1 through a pipeline.

[0043] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: the provision of a water pump is used to automatically inject water into the barrel, thereby improving the experimental efficiency and the automation of the monitoring device.

[0044] The pipeline may be a hose, and the water tank 4 may be provided with a scale for marking the water level.

[0045] Furthermore, it also includes: a flow meter 6 for detecting the water flow rate out of the water tank, and the flow meter 6 is arranged on the pipeline between the water tank 4 and the barrel body 1.

[0046] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the setting of the flow meter is used to detect the water flow rate of the water tank, monitor the soil moisture infiltration in the underground bottomless bucket, facilitate the acquisition of water injection volume data, and improve the experimental efficiency.

[0047] Furthermore, it also includes: a timer 7 and a controller 8 for recording the experimental time, the timer 7 and the controller 8 are both arranged on the top of the barrel body 1, and the flow meter 6, the monitoring mechanism 3, the water pump 5 and the timer 7 are all connected to the controller 8.

[0048] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: the timer and the controller are set to record the experimental time and obtain the soil moisture infiltration, generate the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area, improve the experimental efficiency, and improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0049] The controller is used to calculate the infiltration rate and infiltration capacity of the soil according to the water injection flow rate at the inlet of the barrel, the water outlet flow rate at the outlet of the barrel, and the infiltration test time. In addition, the controller can also control the start and stop of the water injection mechanism within the preset time, that is, control the start and stop of the water pump within the preset time to improve automation. Among them, the controller can obtain the water outlet flow rate at the outlet of the barrel through the monitoring mechanism, obtain the water injection flow rate at the inlet of the barrel through the flowmeter, and obtain the infiltration test time through the timer. The timer can be set as a whole with the controller, and the timer can also be set independently of the controller. Specifically, the controller can calculate the soil infiltration rate and infiltration speed according to the Kostyakov formula. The average infiltration flux can be calculated according to the formula: average infiltration flux = period infiltration / (infiltration meter cross-sectional area × infiltration period). The surface runoff can be calculated according to the formula: surface runoff = rainfall - evaporation - depression water accumulation - surface water retention - plant interception. It can be calculated based on the Horton infiltration formula: f = fc + (f0-fc)e-kt, where f is the infiltration rate, fc is the stable infiltration rate, f0 is the initial infiltration rate, t is the time, and к is an empirical constant related to soil properties. The Horton infiltration formula is an empirical formula for calculating the infiltration curve.

[0050] Soil infiltration rate, also known as soil infiltration rate or soil permeability rate, refers to the amount of water infiltrating per unit area of ​​soil on the surface per unit time. The infiltration rate is related to the infiltration process. The soil infiltration rate is very large in the early stage. The infiltration rate at this time is called the initial infiltration rate, referred to as the initial infiltration rate. As the rainfall continues and increases, the infiltration rate changes from large to small, and finally maintains a certain stable value. This value is called the final infiltration rate or steady infiltration rate, which can be used to characterize the permeability characteristics of the soil. This is because due to the continuation of precipitation, the pores of all sizes in the soil are filled, and the water in the soil can no longer continue to flow rapidly. Soil infiltration is a dynamic process in which water from rainfall, irrigation, etc. enters the soil through the mountain surface, and is transported and stored under the action of gravity potential, matrix potential, etc. to become soil water. It is an important link in the mutual transformation and consumption process between surface water and groundwater, and is also an important factor affecting slope runoff. The infiltration capacity of soil for water is referred to as infiltration capacity.

[0051] The soil infiltration capacity monitoring device of the present invention comprises a flow meter arranged on the top of a barrel body and a monitoring mechanism (i.e., a monitoring circuit) for monitoring the soil infiltration amount. When water infiltrates, the flow meter detects the water injection flow rate, and the monitoring mechanism detects the soil infiltration amount.

[0052] The circuit of the soil infiltration capacity monitoring device includes a microcontroller U1, a flow meter and a monitoring mechanism, wherein, in a preferred embodiment, the microcontroller (ie, controller) U1 adopts a single-chip microcomputer (ie, controller) MSP430F449. Furthermore, the flow meter includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first field effect transistor Q1 and a second field effect transistor Q2, wherein the first pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 and one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the other end of the second capacitor C2, one end of the second resistor R2, the drain of the second field effect transistor Q2, and one end of the first capacitor C1, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the second pin of the microcontroller U1; the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the drain of the first field effect transistor Q1, and the source of the first field effect transistor Q1 and the source of the second field effect transistor Q2 are grounded together; the gate of the first field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the fourth pin of the microcontroller U1, and the gate of the second field effect transistor Q2 is connected to the third pin of the microcontroller U1. Among them, the first pin and the fourth pin of the microcontroller U1 are used to control the charging of the first inductor L1; the third pin of the microcontroller U1 is used to control the discharging of the first inductor L1; the second pin of the microcontroller U1 is used to receive the oscillation signal generated between the first inductor L1 and the second capacitor C2. Similarly, the circuit of the monitoring mechanism is the same as the circuit of the flow meter, and the connection relationship of the various components in the monitoring mechanism can be imitated by the components in the flow meter circuit.

[0053] The working principle of the above circuit is as follows: 1. Charging the inductor L1: The single-chip microcomputer U1 controls to turn on the field effect transistor Q1 and turn off the field effect transistor Q2. The pin 1 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 outputs current through the inductor L1, resistor R2, and field effect transistor Q1 to form a loop to charge the inductor L1.

[0054] 2. The single-chip computer U1 identifies the oscillation signal waveform: After charging is completed, the field effect tube Q1 is turned off, and the pin 1 of the single-chip computer U1 does not output current. The inductor L1 and the capacitor C2 oscillate freely. When there is a steel sheet under the inductor L1, a damping effect will be generated, and the amplitude decays quickly. On the contrary, when there is no steel sheet under the inductor L1, the amplitude decays slowly. The generated waveform is input to the single-chip computer U1 through the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1. The single-chip computer U1 is equipped with a comparator inside, and the change in the number of pulses is used to determine whether there is a steel sheet under the inductor L1.

[0055] 3. The metering circuit is discharged: After the detection is completed, the microcontroller U1 controls the field effect tube Q2 to open, and the current in the inductor L1 is released to the ground through Q2.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the device further includes a wireless communication module U2, which is connected to the microcontroller U1 and is used to transmit the flow value measured by the device to a remote terminal.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the wireless communication module U2 adopts a Lora wireless module. Furthermore, the wireless communication module U2 and the microcontroller U1 communicate data via the SPI interface. Among them, the module reset pin RST, interrupt pin DIO0, interrupt pin DIO1, interrupt pin DIO2, interrupt pin DIO3, interrupt pin DIO4, SPI interface transmission pin SCK, SPI interface transmission pin NSS, SPI interface transmission pin SI, SPI interface transmission pin SO are connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the single-chip microcomputer U1 exchanges data with the wireless communication module U2 via the SPI interface, and the module realizes the functions of listening to data frames, receiving data, and sending data.

[0058] Furthermore, it also includes: a display screen 9, and the display screen 9 is connected to the controller 8.

[0059] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: the display screen is set to display the infiltration volume, experimental time and water injection flow rate of the water injection mechanism, which is convenient for users to obtain experimental data intuitively.

[0060] Furthermore, it also includes: a shower head 10 for spraying water into the barrel body 1, wherein the shower head 10 is an adjustable water volume shower head, the shower head 10 is arranged above the barrel body 1, and the shower head 10 is connected to the output end of the water pump 5 through a pipeline.

[0061] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the shower head is used to spray water into the barrel to simulate natural rain and dew, thereby improving the authenticity of the monitoring device and the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0062] Furthermore, the water injection mechanism 2 includes: a push-type water injector 11 for loading water, the push-type water injector 11 is arranged on the top of the barrel body 1, the output end of the push-type water injector 11 is connected to the barrel body 1 through a pipeline, and a scale is arranged on the side wall of the push-type water injector.

[0063] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the push-type water injector is set for manually injecting water into the barrel body. The user can squeeze the push-type water injector by hand to squeeze the water in the push-type water injector into the barrel body, so that the user can control the water flow according to actual needs.

[0064] Furthermore, it also includes: a cover plate 12, which is arranged on the top of the barrel body 1, the cover plate 12 is hinged to the barrel body 1, the bottom of the barrel body 1 is open, and the barrel body 1 is provided with arsenic sandstone area soil; the monitoring mechanism 3 is a flow sensor.

[0065] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: the setting of the cover plate is used to seal the barrel body, prevent the external environment from affecting the soil inside the barrel body, prevent the evaporation of water in the soil, and improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0066] In addition, the present invention also provides a soil infiltration capacity monitoring method, which comprises:

[0067] S1. Obtain the water injection flow rate at the barrel inlet, the water outlet flow rate at the barrel outlet, and the infiltration experiment time;

[0068] S2. Generate infiltration information of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area according to the water injection flow rate at the barrel inlet, the water outlet flow rate at the barrel outlet, and the infiltration experiment time.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by monitoring the soil water infiltration in the earth-entered bottomless barrel, the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the near-natural measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is achieved, thereby reducing the labor intensity of users and improving the accuracy of experimental data.

[0070] Furthermore, the infiltration information is the infiltration rate and the infiltration capacity.

[0071] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: by monitoring the soil moisture infiltration in the underground bottomless barrel, the saturated infiltration of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is obtained, and the prototype measurement of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the arsenic sandstone area is realized, which reduces the labor intensity of users and improves the accuracy of experimental data.

[0072] The embodiment of the present invention can use the double ring method to measure the soil moisture infiltration rate. The inner ring has a diameter of 20 cm, the outer ring has a diameter of 35 cm, and the height is 30 cm. Use a rubber hammer to vertically drive the inner ring and the outer ring into the soil to a depth of 12 cm. At the beginning of the measurement, water is injected into the inner ring and the outer ring at the same time, and the water layer depth is always maintained at 8 cm. Use a medical syringe to inject water into the inner ring at any time to keep the water level of the inner ring constant, and measure the amount of water added to the inner ring per unit time. At the beginning of the measurement, the amount of water consumed is recorded once every 5 minutes until the infiltration reaches stability. The total infiltration time is 120 minutes, and then the soil moisture infiltration rate is calculated. The calculation formula for the infiltration rate

[10] is: f = v / a, (1) where: f is the infiltration rate (mm / min); v is the amount of water added per unit time (mm 3 / min); a is the inner ring area (mm 2 ), a is 31415.926mm2 The initial infiltration rate, average infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate of soil were selected as the basic indicators for evaluating soil infiltration performance. The initial infiltration rate (mm / min) of soil is the infiltration rate of soil at the initial infiltration. In this test, the average infiltration rate of the first 5 minutes was selected as the initial infiltration rate. The average infiltration rate (mm / min) is the average value of each infiltration rate during the measurement period. The stable infiltration rate (mm / min) is the infiltration rate of soil moisture when the infiltration reaches stability.

[0073] The original soil and mixed soil samples were collected with a circular knife in different vegetation coverage areas, and the sampling depth was 0-20 cm. After collection, the soil was brought back to the laboratory for determination of soil volume mass, total soil porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity and soil moisture content. Among them, the volume mass was determined by the circular knife method, and the total porosity was calculated based on the volume mass. The calculation formula is: total soil porosity = [(soil specific gravity-soil volume mass) / soil specific gravity] × 100%; capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were determined by the cylinder penetration method; and the moisture content was determined by the drying method.

[0074] You can choose Philip model, Horton model, Kostiakov model to fit the model of different soil infiltration processes. Philip: f(t) = (1 / 2) St (-1 / 2) +fc, S is the soil water absorption coefficient; fc is the stable soil infiltration rate (mm / min); f(t) is the infiltration rate (mm / min); t is the infiltration time / (min). Horton: f(t) = fc + (f0-fc)e -kt f0 and fc are the initial infiltration rate and the stable infiltration rate respectively; k is an empirical parameter; f(t) is the infiltration rate (mm / min); t is the infiltration time / (min). Kostiakov: f(t) = at -b , a is the initial infiltration rate (mm / min); b is the attenuation coefficient; f(t) is the infiltration rate (mm / min); t is the infiltration time / (min).

[0075] The Philip model, Horton model and Kostiakov model were used to fit the soil water infiltration process in different vegetation coverage areas, and the goodness of fit of different models was compared. In the Philip model, S represents the soil infiltration rate, which reflects the size of the soil infiltration capacity. The larger the S value, the stronger the soil infiltration capacity. From the fitting results, the S value is the largest in the soybean area, followed by the natural grass area, and the smallest in the clear tillage area, which has a certain deviation from the measured value.

[0076] In the Horton model, f0 represents the initial infiltration rate. The initial infiltration rates of the soil are 4.543 mm / min and 4.594 mm / min, which are very close to the measured values. The maximum stable infiltration rate of the soil fc is 2.006 mm / min. The fitting result is consistent with the measured value in order and has a small deviation. In the Kostiakov model, parameter a is the empirical infiltration coefficient. The main influencing factors of a are soil moisture content, structure, texture and organic matter. The value of a is proportional to the initial infiltration rate, and the value of a is 6.102.

[0077] The development of this instrument can solve the drawback of high manpower consumption in field monitoring of soil infiltration in the past, and its function is to improve the efficiency of field work. This device can be placed for a long time to monitor soil infiltration capacity and infiltration rate in the field. And it is applicable to different site conditions in arsenic sandstone areas. The existing soil infiltration is divided into timely measurement after rain and long-term (regular) monitoring devices, and there is no monitoring system that integrates the two functions. According to different research needs, in actual field operations, both types of monitoring data need to be collected as different manifestations of soil infiltration capacity. In order to meet these two needs at the same time, this device is designed with two measurement modes to achieve the purpose. The controllable sprinkler and water consumption sensor designed in this device can effectively control the water infiltration amount and infiltration intensity. The sensor automatically monitors and records soil water infiltration data. No sampling, storage, transportation, or test measurement is required to obtain near-natural soil infiltration capacity data. It greatly improves the efficiency of field work.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil infiltration capacity monitoring device, characterized in that: include: A barrel body for inserting into the soil of the arsenic sandstone area, and a water injection mechanism for injecting water into the barrel body, the water injection mechanism comprising: a water tank for loading water, and a water pump for extracting water from the water tank, the water tank being arranged on the top of the barrel body, the water pump being arranged in the water tank, and the output end of the water pump being connected to the barrel body through a pipeline; the soil infiltration capacity monitoring device also comprises a cover plate, the cover plate being arranged on the top of the barrel body, the cover plate being hinged to the barrel body, the bottom of the barrel body being open, and the barrel body being provided with soil of the arsenic sandstone area; and a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the amount of soil infiltration, a flow meter for detecting the water flow rate out of the water tank, a timer for recording the experimental time, and a controller; The water injection mechanism is arranged on the top of the barrel body, and the water injection mechanism is connected to the barrel body through a pipeline. The monitoring mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the barrel body and is configured to obtain the water outflow rate of the barrel body outlet. The flow meter is arranged on the pipeline between the water tank and the barrel body, and is configured to obtain the water injection flow rate at the barrel body inlet. The timer and the controller are both arranged on the top of the barrel body, and the timer is configured to obtain the infiltration experiment time. The flow meter, the monitoring mechanism, the water pump and the timer are all connected to the controller, and the controller is configured to calculate the infiltration rate and infiltration capacity of the soil according to the water injection flow rate at the barrel body inlet, the water outflow rate at the barrel body outlet and the infiltration experiment time.

2. A soil infiltration capacity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A display screen is connected to the controller.

3. A soil infiltration capacity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A shower head for spraying water into a barrel body, wherein the shower head is an adjustable water volume shower head, the shower head is arranged above the barrel body, and the shower head is connected to the output end of the water pump through a pipeline.

4. A soil infiltration capacity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection mechanism includes: a push-type water injector for loading water, the push-type water injector is arranged on the top of the barrel body, the output end of the push-type water injector is connected to the barrel body through a pipeline, and a scale is arranged on the side wall of the push-type water injector.

5. A soil infiltration capacity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism is a flow sensor.

6. A soil infiltration capacity monitoring method, characterized in that: The soil infiltration capacity monitoring method is performed using the soil infiltration capacity monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the soil infiltration capacity monitoring method comprises: Obtain the water injection flow rate at the barrel inlet, the water outflow flow rate at the barrel outlet, and the infiltration experiment time; According to the water injection flow rate at the barrel inlet, the water outlet flow rate at the barrel outlet and the infiltration experiment time, the infiltration information of the soil in the arsenic sandstone area is generated, and the infiltration information is the infiltration rate and the infiltration capacity.

Images