Seed dressing agent for desert steppe ecological restoration and reseeding, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seed dressing agents, in particular to a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration and reseeding, and a preparation method and application thereof. The seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration and reseeding consists of a fungus bran carrier, a microbial feed, a water absorbing material, sodium polyacrylate and a plant growth regulator, and the fungus bran carrier, the microbial feed and the water absorbing material are all prepared from fungus bran. The invention uses fungus bran as a raw material, and uses the fungus bran carrier, the microbial feed and the water absorbing material prepared from the fungus bran as seed dressing materials, which replace nutrients, microbial agents and water retaining agents in the prior art, thereby not only achieving cost improvement, but also effectively promoting the ecological restoration and reseeding of desert grassland seeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed dressing agents, in particular to a seed dressing agent for desert steppe ecological restoration and reseeding, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of society, people pay more and more attention to the living environment. Land desertification is one of the biggest environmental, social and economic problems facing the world today. "Desertification" refers to the land degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas caused by various factors including climate change and human activities. At present, when repairing desert grasslands, seed dressing agents are often attached to the surface of seeds first. The selected seed dressing agents often contain conventional trace elements, water retaining agents, and fungicides. Considering the cost issue, the active ingredient content in the current seed dressing agents is low, so the effect of the seed dressing agents on seed germination and seedling growth is not obvious.

[0003] Waste mushroom bran refers to the waste culture medium after cultivating edible fungi with cottonseed hulls, sawdust, straw, corn cobs, bagasse and various crop straws as the main raw materials. The annual output of mushroom bran in my country is about 800,000 to 1 million tons. Except for a small amount used as livestock feed, most of it is wasted as waste, causing great pollution to the environment. In addition, the research results show that the N, P and K contents of Pleurotus ostreatus bran, Pleurotus eryngii bran, Agaricus blazei bran, Auricularia auricula bran and Coprinus comatus bran are very high. Mushroom bran can also provide the necessary nutrients for plant growth as fertilizer. At the same time, it also contains rich amino acids, fungal polysaccharides and a small amount of trace elements such as Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg, etc., which play an important role in maintaining stable plant growth. It can be seen that the waste utilization of mushroom bran and its application in plant cultivation are of great significance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration and reseeding, and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention uses mushroom bran as raw material, and uses mushroom bran carriers, microbial materials and water-absorbing materials prepared from mushroom bran as seed dressing agent materials to replace nutrients, microorganisms and water-retaining agents in the prior art, which not only achieves cost improvement, but also effectively promotes the ecological restoration and reseeding of desert grassland seeds.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration reseeding comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) mixing the crushed mushroom dregs with water and performing two-stage decomposition to obtain fermented mushroom dregs;

[0008] (2) sterilizing the fermented bacteria residue from step (1) to obtain a bacteria residue carrier;

[0009] (3) mixing the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) with the EM bacterial solution and fermenting the mixture to obtain a microbial feed;

[0010] (4) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the fungus bran carrier of step (2) and acrylamide are mixed evenly, and then an initiator, a cross-linking agent and bentonite are added, and the temperature is raised to 80° C. to react for 2-4 hours, and then filtered, dried and crushed to obtain a water-absorbing material;

[0011] (5) Preparation of a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration: mixing the fungus bran carrier of step (2), the microbial material of step (3), the water absorbing material of step (4), sodium polyacrylate, and a plant growth regulator to obtain a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration;

[0012] The components are composed of the following parts by weight: 18-24 parts of mushroom bran carrier, 4-10 parts of microbial material, 10-15 parts of water-absorbing material, 7-14 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 6-10 parts of plant growth regulator.

[0013] Preferably, the desert steppe ecological restoration reseeding seed dressing agent also includes 1-3 parts of a colorant, the colorant is mixed in the step (5), and the colorant is selected from dye red.

[0014] Preferably, in the step (1), the mushroom bran is crushed into 30-50 meshes, mixed with water and the moisture content reaches 40-50%, and then composted. The composting method is: composting the mushroom bran at 40-50° C. for 7 days, turning the pile and then composting at 40-50° C. for 7 days.

[0015] Preferably, the sterilization conditions of step (2) are: sterilization at 121° C. for 2-4 hours.

[0016] Preferably, the fermentation method in step (3) is: mixing the EM bacterial solution with the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) at a mass ratio of 0.2-0.3:1, then performing loose piling, and fermenting at room temperature for 3-5 days.

[0017] Preferably, in step (4), the initiator is selected from one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, and the crosslinking agent is selected from one of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide and diacetone acrylamide.

[0018] Preferably, in step (4), the mass ratio of the fungus bran carrier, acrylamide, initiator, cross-linking agent and bentonite is 500-800: 150-250: 0.6-1.0: 0.6-1.0: 1000-1500.

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the plant growth regulator is composed of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine and phenylamino acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.8.

[0020] The invention also protects the seed dressing agent prepared by the preparation method.

[0021] The present invention also protects the use of the seed dressing agent in preparing a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration, and the application method is: mixing the seed dressing agent with water to prepare a mixed liquid, blending the mixed liquid with seeds and then drying at room temperature;

[0022] Among them, the mass ratio of seed dressing agent to seeds is 0.5-1.5:25.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention uses mushroom dregs as raw materials for fermentation and sterilization to obtain mushroom dregs carriers. After fermentation, organic macromolecules of the mushroom dregs are decomposed into small molecules that are easier for plant growth, which is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants. In addition, the mushroom dregs are endowed with the properties of being biodegradable (microorganisms, EM bacteria and root secretions around the plant growth root system can achieve the degradation of the mushroom dregs carrier) and providing fertilizer nutrients. At this time, N, P, K and a small amount of Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg and other trace elements contained in the mushroom dregs can be absorbed by plants as nutrients. Therefore, nutrients are provided to plants through the mushroom dregs carrier, thereby overcoming the cost problem caused by conventional nutrient addition.

[0025] 2. The present invention uses the fermented and sterilized fungus bran as a carrier for microbial growth, because the fungus bran not only has good adsorption and release capabilities, but also has good expansion and cultivation capabilities, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fungus bran is between 25-30, micro-acidic, and suitable for the growth and reproduction of bacteria; the reason for fermenting and sterilizing the fungus bran is that the carbon source and nitrogen source of the fermented fungus bran are decomposed into small molecules, which are easier to be used by EM bacteria microorganisms, promoting the expansion and cultivation of EM, and the EM bacteria directly adhere to the fungus bran during the cultivation, and the sterilized fungus bran completely removes the miscellaneous bacteria, avoiding the competition between the miscellaneous bacteria and the EM strains, which limits the shelf life of the microbial material. It can be seen that the use of fungus bran carriers to prepare microbial materials has not only greatly improved the cost, but also provided conditions for the growth, reproduction and attachment of microorganisms.

[0026] 3. The present invention adopts a fungus bran carrier, acrylamide, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, and bentonite to prepare a water-absorbing material. In this application, the fungus bran is first fermented to change the surface characteristics of the fungus bran. The fungus bran itself has gaps. After fermentation, the surface roughness of the fungus bran increases. At this time, the fungus bran carrier, acrylamide, an initiator and a cross-linking agent are reacted together. The initiator induces acrylamide to combine with the fungus bran. Bentonite is mixed while combining. Bentonite can improve the accumulation capacity of agricultural fertilizer and water. When applied at the same time as fertilizer, the fertilizer effect is prolonged, fertilizer and irrigation water are saved, and the water retention capacity of the water-absorbing material is improved to a certain extent. At the same time, the mineral content in bentonite is high, which makes up for the defect of insufficient minerals in the fungus bran to a certain extent.

[0027] 4. A large number of amino groups in the mushroom bran can form amino bonds with water, have high water absorption and water retention, and are low in cost. The present invention increases the water retention, viscosity and water absorption of the mushroom bran by modifying the solid waste mushroom bran, so as to achieve increased water retention and fertilizer supply while treating solid waste, thereby improving the survival rate of plants.

[0028] 5. Plant growth regulator 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine is an active substance with multiple excellent properties for plant growth and development. It is non-toxic, non-polluting, non-residue, and can greatly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers. Crops using 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine also show outstanding effects in terms of disease and insect resistance, barrenness resistance, drought resistance, and frost resistance. The plant growth regulator phenylpeptide amino acid has the effects of promoting the transportation of nutrients to the growth point, promoting chlorophyll synthesis, and inducing flower buds to bloom and bear fruit. The present invention uses low-priced mushroom husk waste as raw materials to prepare mushroom husk carriers, microbial materials and water-absorbing materials, which has greatly improved the cost and can be applied in large quantities. After being mixed with a binder, sodium polyacrylate, and a plant growth regulator, a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration and reseeding is prepared, which provides excellent conditions for the growth of seeds for desert grassland ecological restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the water retention performance of the seed dressing prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and the wood ear mushroom bran of Comparative Example 1;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the water absorption performance of the seed dressing prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 Graph showing the element content of soil after being treated with the seed dressing prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration reseeding comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) crushing the mushroom bran into 30 meshes, mixing the crushed mushroom bran with water and performing two-stage composting, wherein the moisture content of the mushroom bran is 40%, and the composting method is as follows: composting the mushroom bran at 40° C. for 7 days, turning the pile and then composting at 50° C. for 7 days to obtain fermented mushroom bran;

[0036] (2) sterilizing the fermented bacterial residue from step (1) at 121° C. for 2 h to obtain a bacterial residue carrier;

[0037] (3) mixing the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) with the EM bacterial solution at a mass ratio of 0.3:1, then performing loose stacking, and fermenting at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a microbial feed;

[0038] (4) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the fungus bran carrier of step (2) and acrylamide are mixed evenly, and then ammonium persulfate, diacetone acrylamide and bentonite are added, and the temperature is raised to 80° C. to react for 2 hours, and then filtered, dried and crushed to obtain a water-absorbing material;

[0039] The mass ratio of the fungus husk carrier, acrylamide, initiator, cross-linking agent and bentonite is 500:250:0.6:1.0:1000;

[0040] (5) Preparation of a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration: mixing the fungus bran carrier of step (2), the microbial material of step (3), the water absorbing material of step (4), sodium polyacrylate, and a plant growth regulator to obtain a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration;

[0041] The plant growth regulator is composed of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine and benzimidazole in a mass ratio of 1:0.5;

[0042] Among them, each component is composed of the following parts by weight: 18 parts of mushroom bran carrier, 10 parts of microbial material, 10 parts of water-absorbing material, 14 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 6 parts of plant growth regulator.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration reseeding comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) crushing the mushroom bran into 40 meshes, mixing the crushed mushroom bran with water and performing two-stage composting, wherein the moisture content of the mushroom bran is 45%, and the composting method is as follows: first composting the mushroom bran at 45° C. for 7 days, turning the pile and then composting at 45° C. for 7 days to obtain fermented mushroom bran;

[0046] (2) sterilizing the fermented bacterial residue from step (1) at 121° C. for 3 h to obtain a bacterial residue carrier;

[0047] (3) mixing the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) with the EM bacterial solution at a mass ratio of 0.25:1, then performing loose piling, and fermenting at room temperature for 4 days to obtain a microbial feed;

[0048] (4) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the fungus bran carrier of step (2) and acrylamide are uniformly mixed, and then hydrogen peroxide, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and bentonite are added, and the temperature is raised to 80° C. to react for 3 hours, and then filtered, dried, and crushed to obtain a water-absorbing material;

[0049] The mass ratio of the fungus husk carrier, acrylamide, initiator, cross-linking agent and bentonite is 700:200:0.8:0.8:1200;

[0050] (5) Preparation of a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration: mixing the fungus bran carrier of step (2), the microbial material of step (3), the water absorbing material of step (4), sodium polyacrylate, and a plant growth regulator to obtain a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration;

[0051] The plant growth regulator is composed of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine and benzimidazole in a mass ratio of 1:0.6;

[0052] Among them, each component is composed of the following parts by weight: 20 parts of mushroom bran carrier, 6 parts of microbial material, 12 parts of water-absorbing material, 10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 8 parts of plant growth regulator.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration reseeding comprises the following steps:

[0055] (1) crushing the mushroom bran into 50 meshes, mixing the crushed mushroom bran with water and performing two-stage composting, wherein the moisture content of the mushroom bran is 50%, and the composting method is as follows: first composting the mushroom bran at 50° C. for 7 days, turning the pile and then composting at 40° C. for 7 days to obtain fermented mushroom bran;

[0056] (2) sterilizing the fermented bacterial residues from step (1) at 121° C. for 4 h to obtain a bacterial residue carrier;

[0057] (3) mixing the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) with the EM bacterial solution at a mass ratio of 0.2:1, then performing loose piling, and fermenting at room temperature for 5 days to obtain a microbial feed;

[0058] (4) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the fungus bran carrier of step (2) and acrylamide are mixed evenly, and then an initiator, a cross-linking agent and bentonite are added, and the temperature is raised to 80° C. to react for 4 hours, and then filtered, dried and crushed to obtain a water-absorbing material;

[0059] The initiator is selected from one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide; the crosslinker is selected from one of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide and diacetoneacrylamide; the mass ratio of the fungus bran carrier, acrylamide, initiator, crosslinker and bentonite is 800:150:1.0:0.6:1500;

[0060] (5) Preparation of a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration: mixing the fungus bran carrier of step (2), the microbial material of step (3), the water absorbing material of step (4), sodium polyacrylate, and a plant growth regulator to obtain a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration;

[0061] The plant growth regulator is composed of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine and benzimidazole in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

[0062] Among them, each component is composed of the following parts by weight: 24 parts of mushroom bran carrier, 4 parts of microbial material, 15 parts of water-absorbing material, 7 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 10 parts of plant growth regulator.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] The preparation steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the raw materials in step (5) also include 2 parts of colorant dye red, and are mixed with the mushroom bran carrier, microbial material, water-absorbing material, sodium polyacrylate, and plant growth regulator in step (5) to obtain a desert steppe ecological restoration reseeding seed dressing agent.

[0065] The fungus residues used in Examples 1-4 are all Auricularia auricularia fungus residues.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] Example 1-4 is a method for preparing auricularia auricula-derived fungus bran as a seed dressing agent for reseeding in desert steppe ecological restoration.

[0068] Examples 1-4 of the present invention all prepared desert grassland ecological restoration reseeding seed dressing agents that protect seeds and seedlings from damage in the soil and surrounding environment in the early stage of plant growth, have water retention and growth-promoting effects, and the effects are similar. The desert grassland ecological restoration reseeding seed dressing agent of Example 1 is used as an example for research, and the specific research results are as follows:

[0069] (1) Water retention test:

[0070] Accurately weigh 15g of the naturally dried wood ear mushroom bran of Comparative Example 1 and the water-absorbing material of Example 1, respectively, and place them in nylon bags, then put them in a beaker, add 4000mL of water and soak them overnight, take them out and drain them for 0.5h the next day, weigh 10g of the saturated samples respectively with an electronic balance, and spread them in a beaker, take 2 portions on average, and then put them in a 25°C constant temperature incubator, take out and weigh the weight of the samples at different times, calculate the water loss at different times, and calculate the water loss rate by the water loss. The change results of the water loss rate over time are shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 As shown, the water loss rate of Example 1 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, and after 14 days of testing, the water loss rate of the water-absorbing material of the present application is 66%, and the water retention rate is 34%, indicating that the water-absorbing material prepared by the present invention has excellent water retention performance.

[0071] (2) Water absorption performance test:

[0072] 15 g of the naturally dried water-absorbing material of Example 1 was accurately weighed and placed in a nylon bag, which was then placed in a beaker and soaked in 4000 mL of water. The water-absorbing material was taken out and drained for 0.5 h after soaking for 20 min, 40 min, 60 min, and 80 min, respectively, and then weighed to calculate the water absorption rate. The water absorption rate curve is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the results show that the water absorption rate of the water-absorbing material prepared by the present invention can reach up to 730%, and it has excellent water absorption performance.

[0073] The desert steppe ecological restoration reseeding seed dressing agent prepared in Example 4 of the present invention is mixed with ice grass seeds. The specific method is: 1 kg of the seed dressing agent is dissolved in water to prepare a mixed solution, the mixed solution is mixed with 50 kg of ice grass seeds, and then dried to obtain the seed dressing agent, 500 seed dressing agents and 500 ice grass seeds are planted in different flower pots, respectively, and divided into an experimental group and a control group, and conventional watering is performed at room temperature, and the germination rates of the two are calculated. The results show that the germination rate of the experimental group reaches 96.2%, and the germination rate of the control group is 90.6%, which is significantly better than that of the control group. Since the seed dressing agent prepared by using waste mushroom bran is low in price, it can be mixed with seeds in large quantities.

[0074] The experimental group continued to carry out conventional planting, and the soil was analyzed for elements at maturity. The analysis results were as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The results show that the soil treated with the seed dressing agent of the present invention is mainly composed of the following elements: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, silicon, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and can improve the survival rate and growth cycle of grassland plants.

[0075] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration and reseeding, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) mixing the crushed mushroom dregs with water and performing two-stage ripening to obtain fermented mushroom dregs; The composting method is as follows: the fungus bran is firstly composted at 40-50℃ for 7 days, and then the pile is turned over and then composted at 40-50℃ for another 7 days; (2) sterilizing the fermented bacteria residue from step (1) to obtain a bacteria residue carrier; (3) mixing the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) with the EM bacterial solution and fermenting the mixture to obtain a microbial feed; The fermentation method comprises: mixing the EM bacterial liquid with the bacterial bran carrier of step (2) at a mass ratio of 0.2-0.3:1, then performing loose piling, and fermenting at room temperature for 3-5 days; (4) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the fungus bran carrier of step (2) and acrylamide are mixed evenly, and then an initiator, a cross-linking agent and bentonite are added, and the temperature is raised to 80° C. to react for 2-4 hours, and then filtered, dried and crushed to obtain a water-absorbing material; The mass ratio of the fungus husk carrier, acrylamide, initiator, cross-linking agent and bentonite is 500-800:150-250:0.6-1.0:0.6-1.0:1000-1500; (5) Preparation of seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration and reseeding: The bacterial bran carrier of step (2), the microbial material of step (3), the water absorbing material of step (4), sodium polyacrylate and a plant growth regulator are mixed to obtain a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert grassland ecological restoration; The weight proportions of the components are as follows: 18-24 parts of the fungus bran carrier, 4-10 parts of the microbial material, 10-15 parts of the water-absorbing material, 7-14 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 6-10 parts of the plant growth regulator.

2. The method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desert steppe ecological restoration reseeding seed dressing agent also includes 1-3 parts of a colorant, which is mixed in the step (5) and is selected from dye red.

3. The method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert grassland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the mushroom dregs are crushed into 30-50 meshes, mixed with water and the mixture is then decomposed until the moisture content reaches 40-50%.

4. The method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert steppe ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sterilization conditions of step (2) are: sterilization at 121° C. for 2-4 hours.

5. The method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert steppe ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the initiator is selected from one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, and the crosslinking agent is selected from one of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide and diacetone acrylamide.

6. The method for preparing a seed dressing agent for desert steppe ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the plant growth regulator is composed of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine and phenylamino acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.

8.

7. A seed dressing prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Use of the seed dressing agent according to claim 7 in preparing a seed dressing agent for reseeding of desert steppe ecological restoration, characterized in that: The application method is: mix the seed dressing agent with water to make a mixture, blend the mixture with seeds and then dry at room temperature; Among them, the mass ratio of seed dressing agent to seeds is 0.5-1.5:25.

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