A cultivation medium for promoting blueberry growth and a cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a cultivation substrate for promoting the growth of blueberries and a cultivation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of blueberry planting. The cultivation substrate for promoting the growth of blueberries comprises a lower substrate composed of garden soil, starch composite modified vermiculite, plant ash, and organic fertilizer, and an upper substrate composed of mushroom residues, coconut bran soil, and organic fertilizer, and a lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid is used for drip irrigation during the blueberry cultivation process. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, effectively promotes the growth of blueberry substrate cultivation, further increases the yield and quality of blueberries, and improves the economic benefits of blueberry planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, and in particular to a cultivation substrate for promoting blueberry growth and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Blueberry, also known as bilberry or blue berry, belongs to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. It is a perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub or small shrub. The unique blueberry anthocyanin in its fruit has the effects of improving vision, anti-aging, cancer prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular and urinary system diseases. It is known as the "functional health berry of the 21st century" and the "Queen of Fruits". It is listed as one of the five major health foods for humans by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and is popular in developed countries such as Europe, America, and Japan. In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to health preservation, and the domestic demand for blueberries has continued to increase. There is a good market prospect for blueberry planting.

[0003] Since blueberries have shallow roots and no root hairs, their root absorption capacity is much smaller than that of plants with deep root hairs. Their cultivation requires loose soil, good ventilation, moist but not waterlogged, acidic and high in organic matter. Such soil is very rare in most parts of the country. Therefore, growers must improve the soil before planting, which greatly increases the cost of planting and limits the promotion of blueberries. Therefore, at this stage, most blueberry cultivation is done in the form of substrate pots.

[0004] Substrate potting can regulate and control the root environment of blueberries throughout their growth period, and can effectively avoid many problems under soil cultivation. The substrate serves as a medium to fix the plant roots, maintain the air permeability of the roots and the water holding capacity of the root environment, and provide a buffer for fertilization. According to the characteristics of the substrate, it can be divided into three categories: inorganic, organic, and mixed. Inorganic substrates generally do not contain nutrients, as long as they provide aeration for the environment, such as rock wool, perlite, vermiculite, pumice, ceramsite, etc.; organic substrates can be naturally degraded to provide certain nutrients, such as peat, coconut bran, pine bark, etc.; mixed substrates can be a mixture of inorganic / inorganic substrates, a mixture of organic / organic substrates, and a mixture of organic / inorganic substrates. This substrate cultivation system is the most intensive cultivation system, which effectively utilizes all resources to maximize the yield and quality of plants.

[0005] Based on the research on existing substrate pots, further designing a cultivation substrate tailored to the growth characteristics of blueberries to effectively ensure the growth of blueberries is crucial to large-scale blueberry cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation substrate for promoting the growth of blueberries and a cultivation method thereof, which effectively promotes the growth of blueberry substrate cultivation, further increases the yield and quality of blueberries, and improves the economic benefits of blueberry planting.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cultivation substrate for promoting the growth of blueberries, comprising a lower substrate and an upper substrate, wherein the lower substrate is composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of garden soil, 15-30 parts of starch composite modified vermiculite, 10-15 parts of plant ash, and 15-30 parts of organic fertilizer; the upper substrate is composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of coconut husk soil, and 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer; and the lower substrate is arranged to have a thickness of 12-15 cm, and the upper substrate is laid on top of the lower substrate, with a thickness of 12-15 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the starch composite modified vermiculite comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) After the vermiculite is cleaned, it is rinsed and dried after pickling with acid solution to prepare the vermiculite for standby use;

[0011] (2) expanding the pretreated vermiculite at a microwave power of 400-600 W for 30-60 seconds, and then taking out the pre-expanded vermiculite for standby use;

[0012] (3) The corn starch is steam-exploded and mixed with pre-expanded vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:3-5, and then mixed with deionized water in a material-liquid ratio of 1:5-8, and the mixture is stirred evenly and centrifugally dried to obtain starch composite modified vermiculite.

[0013] Preferably, the pH value of the pickling in step (1) is 4.5-5.5, and the pickling time is 10-20 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, the steam explosion treatment in step (3) is carried out under hot steam at 121° C. for 30-60 seconds.

[0015] Preferably, the specific method of centrifugal drying after stirring uniformly in step (3) is to stir at a speed of 600-800 r / min for 10-15 min, then centrifuge at a speed of 3200-4500 r / min for 10-15 min, remove the supernatant and dry the precipitate at 80-100°C to constant weight.

[0016] The cultivation method for promoting the growth of blueberries is to use the above-mentioned substrate for cultivation, and the specific cultivation method includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Use sulfur powder to adjust the pH of the lower matrix and the upper matrix to 6-6.5, and then plant the blueberry seedlings in the planting pots with the lower matrix and the upper matrix;

[0018] S2, using straw as a substrate, grinding and crushing it, mixing it with lactic acid bacteria and clean water for fermentation, filtering it, and then diluting it to obtain a lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid;

[0019] S3. After planting, water the planting pot from top to bottom to establish roots. Fertilize once after 2-3 weeks. Drip irrigate with lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid 3-5 days after fertilization.

[0020] S4. Perform the second fertilization during the bud formation period, and drip irrigate the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid again 3-5 days after the fertilization;

[0021] S5. Spray foliar fertilizer once during the fruit setting period, and then spray it again after an interval of 10-20 days, for a total of 2-3 times. At the same time, drip irrigation with clean water should be used during the entire planting period to maintain the moisture content of the substrate at 50%-60%.

[0022] Preferably, the method for preparing the lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth in step S2 comprises the following steps:

[0023] S2-1, crush the straw, add 2-5 times of deionized water and stir evenly, then add 0.1%-0.14% of the total weight of the straw, lactic acid bacteria and ferment for 4-6 days, then filter and obtain the filtrate for use;

[0024] S2-2, dilute the filtrate 20-50 times to obtain lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid.

[0025] Preferably, the fertilizer used for supplementary fertilizer in step S3 and step S4 is organic fertilizer, and the amount of supplementary fertilizer for the two times is 20-50g of organic fertilizer per blueberry plant.

[0026] Preferably, the amount of the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid drip-irrigated in step S3 and step S4 is 200-400 mL per blueberry plant.

[0027] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in step S4 is 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the single spraying amount is 20-40 mL per plant.

[0028] The present invention provides a cultivation substrate for promoting blueberry growth and a cultivation method thereof, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0029] (1) The present invention provides a substrate with two formulas of a lower substrate and an upper substrate, and adopts an upper and lower layer arrangement to plant blueberries. The lower substrate is composed of garden soil, starch composite modified vermiculite, wood ash, etc., which effectively retains water and fertilizer while also having high air permeability. The upper substrate is composed of mushroom residues, coconut husk soil, etc., which has good water permeability and air permeability, and comprehensively improves the survival rate and growth efficiency of blueberries planted on the substrate.

[0030] (2) The present invention uses lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid for multiple drip irrigation during the planting period, which can effectively adjust the pH of the substrate and promote the growth of blueberries. In addition, the starch-composite modified vermiculite in the lower substrate can achieve rapid absorption of nutrients by the blueberry root system, comprehensively improve the final yield of blueberries, and improve the quality of blueberries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the growth status of blueberries in Experimental Group 1 of Example 1 of the present invention on April 25, 2023;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth status of experimental group 1 during the blueberry flowering period in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blueberry results of Experimental Group 1 on July 31, 2023 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the blueberry results of Experimental Group 2 on July 31, 2023 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the blueberry results of Experimental Group 3 on July 31, 2023 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the blueberry results of Experimental Group 4 on July 31, 2023 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the blueberry results of Experimental Group 5 on July 31, 2023 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the blueberry results in the control group in Example 1 of the present invention on July 31, 2023. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] Blueberry cultivation experiment:

[0042] 1. Matrix settings:

[0043] 1.1. Preparation of starch composite modified vermiculite:

[0044] (1) After the vermiculite is cleaned, it is pickled with a hydrochloric acid solution having a pH of 5 for 15 min, rinsed and dried, and the pretreated vermiculite is ready for use;

[0045] (2) expanding the pretreated vermiculite at a microwave power of 600 W for 40 seconds, and then taking out the pre-expanded vermiculite for later use;

[0046] (3) After the corn starch is treated under hot steam at 121° C. for 50 seconds, it is mixed with pre-expanded vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:4, and then mixed with deionized water in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6, stirred at a speed of 800 r / min for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged at a speed of 4000 r / min for 15 minutes. After removing the supernatant, the precipitate is dried at a temperature of 80-100° C. to constant weight to obtain starch composite modified vermiculite.

[0047] 1.2. Obtaining organic fertilizer:

[0048] Select the chicken manure that has been fermented and dried as organic fertilizer.

[0049] 1.3. Matrix settings:

[0050] (1) Preparation of substrate 1:

[0051] The materials were mixed according to the following weight parts to obtain matrix 1:

[0052] 10 parts of garden soil, 30 parts of starch composite modified vermiculite, 15 parts of wood ash, and 15 parts of organic fertilizer.

[0053] (2) Preparation of matrix 2:

[0054] The materials were mixed according to the following weight parts to obtain matrix 2:

[0055] 20 parts of garden soil, 15 parts of starch composite modified vermiculite, 10 parts of wood ash, and 30 parts of organic fertilizer.

[0056] (3) Preparation of matrix 3:

[0057] The materials were mixed according to the following weight parts to obtain matrix 3:

[0058] 10 parts of garden soil, 30 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of wood ash, and 15 parts of organic fertilizer.

[0059] (4) Preparation of matrix 4:

[0060] The materials were mixed according to the following weight parts to obtain matrix 4:

[0061] 10 parts of mushroom residue, 20 parts of coconut bran soil, and 30 parts of organic fertilizer.

[0062] (5) Preparation of Matrix 5:

[0063] The materials were mixed according to the following weight parts to obtain matrix 5:

[0064] 20 parts of mushroom residue, 30 parts of coconut bran soil, and 20 parts of organic fertilizer.

[0065] 1.4. Setting of cultivation pots:

[0066] A root control pot with a diameter of 43 cm, a bottom diameter of 30 cm, and a height of 32 cm was selected as a container for blueberry potted plants, and the containers were evenly divided into 5 groups, set as experimental groups 1-5, with 50 root control pots in each group, and a lower layer substrate with a thickness of 14 cm was laid at the bottom of each group of root control pots, and an upper layer substrate with a thickness of 14 cm was laid on the upper end of the lower layer substrate, and the selection of the lower layer substrate and the upper layer substrate of each group was shown in Table 1 below (and sulfur powder was used to adjust the pH of each substrate to 6 before laying):

[0067] Table 1

[0068] Group Substratum Upper matrix Experimental Group 1 Matrix 1 Matrix 4 Experimental Group 2 Matrix 2 Matrix 5 Experimental Group 3 Matrix 1 Matrix 1 Experimental Group 4 Matrix 4 Matrix 4 Experimental Group 5 Matrix 3 Matrix 4

[0069] 2. Blueberry planting experiment:

[0070] 2.1. Fertilizer settings:

[0071] (1) Preparation of lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth:

[0072] Select corn stalks, crush the stalks, add 3 times the volume of deionized water and stir evenly, then add 0.12% lactic acid bacteria of the total weight of corn stalks, ferment at 38±2°C for 5 days, filter, dilute the filtrate 30 times, and obtain lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid.

[0073] (2) Foliar fertilizer: 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

[0074] 2.2. Selection of blueberry seedlings:

[0075] Two-year-old Misty blueberry seedlings with consistent growth were selected as experimental varieties.

[0076] 2.3、Cultivation method:

[0077] On April 18, 2023, the blueberry seedlings were planted in the root-controlled pots of the above-mentioned experimental groups 1-5, and watered thoroughly from top to bottom after planting. After 3 weeks, 30g of organic fertilizer was added to each pot. 4d after fertilization, 300mL of lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid was drip-irrigated from top to bottom for each pot. The second fertilization was carried out during the bud formation period, and 30g of organic fertilizer was added to each pot. 4d after fertilization, 300mL of lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid was drip-irrigated from top to bottom for each pot. Then, 30mL of foliar fertilizer was sprayed on each plant during the fruit setting period, and 30mL of foliar fertilizer was sprayed for the second time at an interval of 15d. During the entire planting period, drip irrigation was used to control the moisture content of the substrate at 50%-60%.

[0078] 3. Setting up the blueberry planting control group:

[0079] The 50 controlled root pots with the substrate in the experimental group 1 were used as the control group, and blueberry cultivation was carried out on April 18, 2023 according to the cultivation method in 2.3 above, except that the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid was replaced with clean water.

[0080] 4. Detection:

[0081] 4.1. The growth of blueberries in the experimental group and the control group before and after planting was detected, that is, the plant height and stem diameter of each group of blueberry seedlings were measured when they were just planted (measured on April 20, 2023), and the plant height and stem diameter after harvest (measured on August 6, 2023), and the average values ​​were calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0082] Table 2

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] It can be seen from the above table that the substrate and cultivation of experimental groups 1 and 2 can effectively promote the growth of blueberries.

[0086] 4.2. The average blueberry yield per plant of the above experimental group and control group after blueberry planting was tested (calculated based on August 5 as the last harvest), and 100 blueberries were randomly selected from each group to test the average blueberry size. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0087] Table 3

[0088]

[0089] It can be seen from the above table that planting in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 can effectively increase the yield of blueberries.

[0090] 4.3. Blueberry fruit quality testing:

[0091] The soluble solids, vitamin C and titratable acid content of the blueberries collected from each group were tested (five blueberries were randomly selected from each group and the average value was taken). The specific results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0092] Table 4

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] It can be seen from the above table that the blueberries cultivated in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 have higher soluble solids, vitamin C content and lower titratable acid, that is, they have higher quality.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation substrate for promoting blueberry growth, characterized in that: The cultivation matrix comprises a lower matrix and an upper matrix, wherein the lower matrix is ​​composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of garden soil, 15-30 parts of starch composite modified vermiculite, 10-15 parts of plant ash, and 15-30 parts of organic fertilizer; the upper matrix is ​​composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of mushroom residue, 20-30 parts of coconut husk soil, and 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer; The thickness of the lower substrate is 12-15 cm, and the upper substrate is laid on the lower substrate with a thickness of 12-15 cm; The preparation method of the starch composite modified vermiculite comprises the following steps: (1) After the vermiculite is cleaned, it is pickled with acid, rinsed and dried to obtain the pretreated vermiculite for use; (2) extruding the pretreated vermiculite at a microwave power of 400-600 W for 30-60 seconds, and then taking out the pre-expanded vermiculite for later use; (3) The corn starch is steam-exploded and mixed with pre-expanded vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:3-5, and then mixed with deionized water in a material-liquid ratio of 1:5-8, stirred evenly, and then centrifuged and dried to obtain starch composite modified vermiculite.

2. A cultivation substrate for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the pickling in step (1) is 4.5-5.5, and the pickling time is 10-20 minutes.

3. A cultivation substrate for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam explosion treatment in step (3) is carried out by treating the mixture under hot steam at 121° C. for 30-60 seconds.

4. A cultivation substrate for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of centrifugal drying after stirring evenly in step (3) is to stir at a speed of 600-800 r / min for 10-15 min, then centrifuge at a speed of 3200-4500 r / min for 10-15 min, remove the supernatant and dry the precipitate at 80-100° C. to constant weight.

5. A cultivation method for promoting blueberry growth, characterized in that: The cultivation method is to use any one of the substrates of claims 1 to 4 for cultivation, and the specific cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Use sulfur powder to adjust the pH of the lower matrix and the upper matrix to 6-6.5, and then plant the blueberry seedlings in the planting pots with the lower matrix and the upper matrix; S2, using straw as a substrate, grinding and crushing it, mixing it with lactic acid bacteria and clean water for fermentation, filtering it, and then diluting it to obtain a lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid; S3. After planting, water the planting pot from top to bottom to establish roots. Fertilize once after 2-3 weeks. Drip irrigate with lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid 3-5 days after fertilization. S4. Perform the second fertilization during the bud formation period, and drip irrigate the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid again 3-5 days after the fertilization; S5. Spray foliar fertilizer once during the fruit setting period, and then spray it again after an interval of 10-20 days, for a total of 2-3 times. At the same time, drip irrigation with clean water should be used during the entire planting period to maintain the moisture content of the substrate at 50%-60%.

6. A cultivation method for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing the lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth in step S2 comprises the following steps: S2-1, crush the straw, add 2-5 times of deionized water and stir evenly, then add 0.1%-0.14% of the total weight of the straw, lactic acid bacteria and ferment for 4-6 days, then filter and obtain the filtrate for use; S2-2, dilute the filtrate 20-50 times to obtain lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid.

7. A cultivation method for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizer used for supplementary fertilizer in step S3 and step S4 is organic fertilizer, and the amount of the two supplementary fertilizers is 20-50g of organic fertilizer per blueberry plant.

8. The method for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The amount of the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid drip-irrigated in step S3 and step S4 is 200-400 mL per blueberry plant.

9. A cultivation method for promoting blueberry growth according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the foliar fertilizer is 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the single spraying amount is 20-40 mL per plant.

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