A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the vitamin C content of pepper, belonging to the technical field of pepper cultivation; the cultivation method comprises the steps of preparing a functional fertilizer, pre-planting management, planting management and fruit management; the preparation of the functional fertilizer comprises the steps of pretreatment, introduction of amino groups, primary functionalization and secondary functionalization; the secondary functionalization step comprises placing the primary functional fertilizer in deionized water, adding urea, potassium chloride and wheat straw to mix, stirring evenly, adding boric acid, zinc sulfate and ammonium molybdate, performing homogenization treatment, raising the temperature to 63-68 DEG C for stirring after the homogenization treatment is completed, drying and passing through a 120-mesh sieve after the stirring is completed, and obtaining the functional fertilizer; the pepper obtained by the cultivation method of the invention has high yield, high vitamin C content and high soluble sugar content, and low disease incidence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the vitamin C content of pepper. Background Art

[0002] Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables. The main functions of vitamin C are to enhance immunity, prevent cancer, heart disease, stroke, protect teeth and gums, etc., and enhance human immunity and the body's emergency response ability. Vegetables rich in vitamin C mainly include cauliflower, peppers, etc., and the vitamin C content in peppers ranks first among vegetables.

[0003] At present, in the cultivation method of pepper, more fertilizers and pesticides are usually applied to increase the yield of pepper, but the application amount of chemical fertilizers is large, and inorganic fertilizers are heavy and organic fertilizers are light, which causes the soil structure to be seriously damaged and the organic matter content to decrease, thus affecting the quality of pepper and making the vitamin C content in pepper low.

[0004] CN110100519A discloses a fertilization method for improving soil properties and increasing the vitamin C and protein content of peppers. The method firstly uses corn straw powder, wheat bran, bagasse, leek residues, earthworm castings, silkworm feces, biogas residues, decomposed sheep manure and alfalfa residues to prepare organic materials, applies the organic materials during land preparation, and applies base fertilizer before transplanting peppers. When using inorganic fertilizers, multiple different potassium fertilizers are selected for combined application, and pyrroloquinoline quinone solution is sprayed to promote the growth and development of peppers, increase the vitamin C content of peppers to 1.43 mg / g, and increase the protein content to 12.6 mg / g.

[0005] However, although this method increases the vitamin C content of peppers, its storage resistance is poor. After being stored at low temperatures, the vitamin C content decreases rapidly, greatly reducing the nutritional value.

[0006] CN108812265A discloses a method for soilless cultivation of peppers that increases the vitamin C content and reduces the nitrate content. A growth matrix with oxalamide and wood ash as key ingredients is selected throughout the growth period of the peppers. From the germination of pepper seeds to the initial flowering period, an appropriate amount of clean water is irrigated every day. From the initial flowering period of the peppers to the fruit picking period, water and fertilizer are regulated by adding nutrient solution to the soilless cultivation matrix. Light control is performed one week before the peppers are picked.

[0007] The peppers harvested by the patented cultivation method have a vitamin C content of 132.67 mg / 100 g, but the yield is low, affecting economic income. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of peppers, thereby increasing the vitamin C content, reducing the incidence of diseases and increasing the yield.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] 1. Preparation of functional fertilizer

[0011] (1) Preprocessing

[0012] The activated carbon is placed in a hydrochloric acid solution for soaking, the soaking time is 3.8-4.2 hours, the soaking temperature is 47-53°C, after the soaking, it is dried at 108-112°C for 7.3-7.6 hours, and then placed under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation treatment, the irradiation time is 7.7-8.2 hours, the irradiation power is 50-55W, the irradiation distance is 4.8-5.3cm, the ultraviolet wavelength is 176-183nm, after the ultraviolet irradiation is completed, it is allowed to stand at room temperature for 9.8-10.3 hours to obtain pretreated activated carbon;

[0013] The particle size of the activated carbon is 140-160nm;

[0014] The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the hydrochloric acid solution is 11.3-11.8:106-115;

[0015] The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 18-22%;

[0016] (2) Introduction of amino groups

[0017] The pretreated activated carbon is placed in a sealed container, an ethanol solution is introduced, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and octadecyl polyglucoside are added, the temperature is increased to 40-44°C at a rate of 3.3-3.8°C / min, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 1.0-1.4h. After the stirring is completed, nicotinamide and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane are added, the temperature is increased to 70-75°C at a rate of 1.7-2.2°C / min, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 7.8-8.3h. After the stirring is completed, amino activated carbon is obtained;

[0018] The mass ratio of the pretreated activated carbon, ethanol solution, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, octadecyl polyglucoside, nicotinamide and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is 9.8-10.2:107-114:0.4-0.6:0.6-0.8:0.4-0.6:0.7-1.0;

[0019] The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 41-47%;

[0020] (3) Initial functionalization

[0021] Add amino activated carbon to deionized water to neutralize the preliminary functional reagent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 23-28 minutes, the ultrasonic power is 135-145W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 36-43kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the temperature is increased to 80-85°C, and the mixture is stirred for 3.3-3.7 hours at a stirring speed of 143-156rpm. After the stirring is completed, the mixture is dried to obtain a preliminary functional fertilizer.

[0022] The mass ratio of the deionized water, amino activated carbon, and preliminary functional reagent is 250-258:15.2-15.7:7.7-8.2;

[0023] The preparation method of the preliminary functional reagent is as follows: mixing dipotassium hydrogen phosphate with deionized water, raising the temperature to 40-45° C., stirring for 1.8-2.2 hours, and obtaining a phosphoric acid reagent; uniformly mixing palmitoleic acid, a hydrogen peroxide solution, and an acetic acid solution, raising the temperature to 40-45° C., and stirring for 1.7-2.3 hours. After the stirring is completed, washing and drying are performed to obtain modified palmitoleic acid; adding the modified palmitoleic acid to the phosphoric acid reagent, raising the temperature to 80-85° C. at a rate of 1.0-2.0° C. / min, and stirring for 2.3-2.8 hours to obtain a preliminary functional reagent;

[0024] In the phosphoric acid reagent, the mass ratio of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to deionized water is 5.3-5.7:12.7-13.4;

[0025] In the modified palmitoleic acid, the mass volume ratio of palmitoleic acid, hydrogen peroxide solution and acetic acid solution is 3.1-3.6 g:2.8-3.2 mL:57-64 mL;

[0026] The mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 43-47;

[0027] The mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 5.8-6.3%;

[0028] The mass ratio of the phosphoric acid reagent to the modified palmitoleic acid is 17.6-18.0:3.0-3.4;

[0029] (4) Secondary functionalization

[0030] The preliminary functional fertilizer is placed in deionized water, urea, potassium chloride and wheat straw are added and mixed, and after being stirred evenly, boric acid, zinc sulfate and ammonium molybdate are added and homogenized. The homogenization time is 4.5-5.5 minutes, the homogenization pressure is 2.3-2.8 MPa, and the homogenization times are 2 times. After the homogenization treatment is completed, the temperature is increased to 63-68° C. and stirred. The stirring time is 2.3-2.7 hours, and the stirring speed is 320-340 rpm. After the stirring is completed, it is dried at 64-66° C. for 9.5-10.5 hours, and passed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a functional fertilizer;

[0031] The mass ratio of the preliminary functional fertilizer, deionized water, urea, potassium chloride, wheat straw, boric acid, zinc sulfate and ammonium molybdate is 11.4-12.0:63-68:5.5-6.0:5.2-5.7:8.3-8.8:1.2-1.6:1.3-1.6:1.3-1.8.

[0032] 2. Management before planting

[0033] On the 7th day before planting the pepper seedlings, plow the soil to a depth of 27-32cm. After plowing, apply functional fertilizer at a rate of 127-132kg per mu. Water the soil after application to control the soil moisture content to 50-55%, completing the management before planting.

[0034] 3. Planting management

[0035] Plant pepper seedlings with a height of 15-18 cm and good growth, control the row spacing to 52-55 cm, and the plant spacing to 25-28 cm. On the 7th day after planting, spray the roots of the pepper seedlings with nutrient solution at a spraying amount of 345-355 g per plant to complete the planting management;

[0036] The nutrient solution consists of deionized water, copper sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and carbendazim, and the mass ratios are 1000:1.2-1.4:1.3-1.7:1.0-1.3:0.8-1.2:0.7-0.9.

[0037] 4. Fruiting period management

[0038] At the beginning of the pepper period, the functional liquid was applied to the roots of the pepper seedlings, once every 8 days, with the application amount of each functional liquid being 590-610g / plant, for a total of 3 times;

[0039] The functional liquid is prepared by uniformly stirring functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water is 30-34:2.1-2.5:574-585.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. The present invention uses activated carbon as a carrier to prepare functional fertilizers. First, the activated carbon is pretreated. During the irradiation process, the pores of the activated carbon can be effectively unblocked, the specific surface area of ​​the activated carbon can be increased, and the adsorption and solidification capacity thereof can be improved. Then, the pretreated activated carbon is surface dispersed to improve the dispersion performance. Amino groups are introduced by adding nicotinamide and a silane coupling agent, so that the surface of the activated carbon contains abundant amino groups. The addition of nicotinamide can promote the growth and function of the root system and improve the survival rate of pepper seedlings after transplanting. In the preliminary functionalization step, a phosphoric acid reagent is reacted with epoxy-modified palmitic acid to open the epoxy group, thereby firmly combining the phosphoric acid reagent and the modified palmitic acid, and then reacting with amino-activated carbon to introduce phosphoric acid groups onto the activated carbon. The obtained preliminary functional fertilizer presents a stable three-dimensional spatial network structure and has relatively abundant amino and phosphoric acid groups. In the secondary functionalization step, The chelating property of trace elements is increased, the adsorption capacity of urea, potassium chloride, etc. is good, and the binding property of wheat straw is good, so that the slow-release property of functional fertilizer is realized, so that various nutrients can continuously and effectively act on the soil and pepper plants themselves, and promote the growth and development of peppers; applying functional fertilizers before pepper transplanting and at the beginning of pepper planting can improve the water retention and air permeability of the soil, improve the barren state of the soil, promote the synthesis and transportation of substances such as glucose and starch, promote the formation and maintenance of pepper flower buds, and promote the normal growth and development of plants, thereby enhancing the quality and yield of fruits, and increasing the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of peppers; the addition of nutrient solution in planting management inhibits the growth of pathogens and promotes photosynthesis, thereby promoting the growth of roots, the flourishing of stems and leaves, and the increase of fruit yield, and can also improve the stress resistance of pepper plants, strengthen the cell wall structure of fruits, and ultimately improve the quality and storage resistance of peppers;

[0042] 2. Using the cultivation method of the present invention, during the growth process from planting to harvesting of pepper plants, the incidence of scab disease of pepper plants is 1.0-1.5%, and the incidence of gray mold disease is 1.3-1.7%;

[0043] 3. The peppers obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention have a yield of 3712-3725 kg per mu and a single fruit weight of 218-224 g;

[0044] 4. The pepper obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention has a vitamin C content of 1.40-1.45 mg / g and a soluble sugar content of 3.41-3.47%;

[0045] 5. The peppers obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention are placed in an environment with a temperature of 10° C. and a humidity of 82% for 14 days, and the vitamin C content is 1.37-1.43 mg / g. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to more clearly understand the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] 1. Preparation of functional fertilizer

[0049] (1) Preprocessing

[0050] 11.6 g of activated carbon was immersed in 110 g of 20 wt% hydrochloric acid solution for 4.0 h at a temperature of 50° C. After the immersion, it was dried at 110° C. for 7.5 h, and then irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp for 8.0 h, 52 W, 5.0 cm, and 180 nm. After the ultraviolet irradiation, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 h to obtain pretreated activated carbon.

[0051] The particle size of the activated carbon is 150 nm;

[0052] (2) Introduction of amino groups

[0053] 10.0 g of pretreated activated carbon was placed in a sealed container, 110 g of 45 wt% ethanol solution was introduced, 0.5 g of castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and 0.7 g of octadecyl polyglucoside were added, the temperature was raised to 42°C at a rate of 3.5°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 1.2 h. After the stirring, 0.5 g of nicotinamide and 0.8 g of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were added, the temperature was raised to 72°C at a rate of 2.0°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 8.0 h. After the stirring, amino activated carbon was obtained.

[0054] (3) Initial functionalization

[0055] Add 15.4 g of amino activated carbon to 253 g of deionized water and neutralize 8.0 g of the preliminary functional reagent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 25 min, the ultrasonic power is 140 W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the temperature is raised to 83 ° C., and the stirring is maintained for 3.5 h. The stirring speed is 150 rpm. After the stirring is completed, it is dried to obtain a preliminary functional fertilizer;

[0056] The preparation method of the preliminary functional reagent is as follows: 5.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is mixed with 13.0g of deionized water, the temperature is increased to 42°C, and the mixture is stirred for 2.0h to obtain a phosphoric acid reagent; 3.4g of palmitoleic acid, 3.0mL of a 45wt% hydrogen peroxide solution, and 60mL of a 6.0wt% acetic acid solution are mixed evenly, the temperature is increased to 42°C, the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 2.0h, and after the stirring is completed, the mixture is washed and dried to obtain modified palmitoleic acid; 3.2g of the modified palmitoleic acid is added to 17.8g of the phosphoric acid reagent, the temperature is increased to 83°C at a rate of 1.5°C / min, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 2.5h to obtain a preliminary functional reagent;

[0057] (4) Secondary functionalization

[0058] Place 11.7g of preliminary functional fertilizer in 65g of deionized water, add 5.7g of urea, 5.4g of potassium chloride, and 8.5g of wheat straw, mix, stir evenly, then add 1.4g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc sulfate and 1.6g of ammonium molybdate, and homogenize for 5.0min, the homogenization pressure is 2.5MPa, and the homogenization times are 2 times. After the homogenization is completed, increase the temperature to 65°C and stir for 2.5h, the stirring speed is 330rpm, after the stirring is completed, dry at 65°C for 10.0h, pass through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a functional fertilizer.

[0059] 2. Management before planting

[0060] On the 7th day before planting the pepper seedlings, the soil was plowed to a depth of 27-32cm. After plowing, functional fertilizer was applied at a rate of 130kg per mu. After application, water was applied to control the soil moisture content to 52%, completing the management before planting.

[0061] 3. Planting management

[0062] Plant pepper seedlings with a height of 15-18 cm and good growth, control the row spacing to 52-55 cm, and the plant spacing to 25-28 cm. On the 7th day after planting, spray the roots of the pepper seedlings with nutrient solution at a spraying amount of 350 g per plant to complete the planting management;

[0063] The nutrient solution consists of deionized water, copper sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and carbendazim, and the mass ratios thereof are 1000:1.3:1.5:1.1:1.0:0.8 respectively.

[0064] 4. Fruiting period management

[0065] At the beginning of the pepper period, the functional liquid was applied to the roots of the pepper seedlings, once every 8 days, with the application amount of each functional liquid being 600g / plant, for a total of 3 times;

[0066] The functional liquid is prepared by uniformly stirring functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water is 32:2.3:580.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] 1. Preparation of functional fertilizer

[0069] (1) Preprocessing

[0070] 11.3 g of activated carbon was immersed in 106 g of 18 wt% hydrochloric acid solution for 3.8 h at a temperature of 47 ° C. After the immersion, it was dried at 108 ° C for 7.3 h, and then irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp for 7.7 h, irradiation power of 50 W, irradiation distance of 4.8 cm, ultraviolet wavelength of 176 nm. After the ultraviolet irradiation, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 9.8 h to obtain pretreated activated carbon;

[0071] The particle size of the activated carbon is 140 nm;

[0072] (2) Introduction of amino groups

[0073] 9.8 g of pretreated activated carbon was placed in a sealed container, 107 g of 43 wt% ethanol solution was introduced, 0.4 g of castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and 0.6 g of octadecyl polyglucoside were added, the temperature was raised to 40°C at a rate of 3.3°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 1.0 h. After the stirring was completed, 0.4 g of nicotinamide and 0.7 g of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were added, the temperature was raised to 70°C at a rate of 1.7°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 7.8 h. After the stirring was completed, amino activated carbon was obtained;

[0074] (3) Initial functionalization

[0075] Add 15.2g of amino activated carbon to 250g of deionized water and neutralize 7.7g of preliminary functional reagent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 23min, the ultrasonic power is 135W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 36kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the temperature is raised to 80°C, and the mixture is stirred for 3.3h at a stirring speed of 143rpm. After the stirring is completed, the mixture is dried to obtain a preliminary functional fertilizer.

[0076] The preparation method of the preliminary functional reagent is as follows: 5.3g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is mixed with 12.7g of deionized water, the temperature is increased to 40°C, and the mixture is stirred for 1.8h to obtain a phosphoric acid reagent; 3.1g of palmitoleic acid, 2.8mL of a 43wt% hydrogen peroxide solution, and 57mL of a 5.8wt% acetic acid solution are mixed evenly, the temperature is increased to 40°C, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 1.7h. After the stirring is completed, the mixture is washed and dried to obtain modified palmitoleic acid; 3.0g of modified palmitoleic acid is added to 17.6g of the phosphoric acid reagent, the temperature is increased to 80°C at a rate of 1.0°C / min, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 2.3h to obtain a preliminary functional reagent;

[0077] (4) Secondary functionalization

[0078] Place 11.4g of preliminary functional fertilizer in 63g of deionized water, add 5.5g of urea, 5.2g of potassium chloride, and 8.3g of wheat straw, mix, stir evenly, then add 1.2g of boric acid, 1.3g of zinc sulfate and 1.3g of ammonium molybdate, and homogenize for 4.5min, the homogenization pressure is 2.8MPa, the homogenization times are 2 times. After the homogenization is completed, increase the temperature to 63°C and stir for 2.3h, the stirring speed is 320rpm, after the stirring is completed, dry at 64°C for 9.5h, pass through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a functional fertilizer.

[0079] 2. Management before planting

[0080] On the 7th day before planting the pepper seedlings, plow the soil to a depth of 27-32cm. After plowing, apply functional fertilizer at a rate of 127kg per mu. Water the soil after application to control the soil moisture content to 50%, completing the management before planting.

[0081] 3. Planting management

[0082] Plant pepper seedlings with a height of 15-18 cm and good growth, control the row spacing to 52-55 cm, and the plant spacing to 25-28 cm. On the 7th day after planting, spray the roots of the pepper seedlings with nutrient solution at a spraying amount of 345 g per plant to complete the planting management;

[0083] The nutrient solution consists of deionized water, copper sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and carbendazim, and the mass ratios thereof are 1000:1.2:1.3:1.0:0.8:0.7 respectively.

[0084] 4. Fruiting period management

[0085] At the beginning of the pepper period, the functional liquid was applied to the roots of the pepper seedlings, once every 8 days, with the application amount of each functional liquid being 590g / plant, for a total of 3 times;

[0086] The functional liquid is prepared by uniformly stirring functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water is 30:2.1:574.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] 1. Preparation of functional fertilizer

[0089] (1) Preprocessing

[0090] 11.8 g of activated carbon was immersed in 115 g of 22 wt% hydrochloric acid solution for 4.2 h at a temperature of 53 ° C. After the immersion, it was dried at 112 ° C for 7.6 h, and then irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp for 8.2 h, irradiation power of 55 W, irradiation distance of 5.3 cm, and ultraviolet wavelength of 183 nm. After the ultraviolet irradiation, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10.3 h to obtain pretreated activated carbon;

[0091] The particle size of the activated carbon is 160 nm;

[0092] (2) Introduction of amino groups

[0093] 10.2 g of pretreated activated carbon was placed in a sealed container, 114 g of 47 wt% ethanol solution was introduced, 0.6 g of castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and 0.8 g of octadecyl polyglucoside were added, the temperature was raised to 44°C at a rate of 3.8°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 1.4 h. After the stirring, 0.6 g of nicotinamide and 1.0 g of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were added, the temperature was raised to 75°C at a rate of 2.2°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 8.3 h. After the stirring, amino activated carbon was obtained.

[0094] (3) Initial functionalization

[0095] Add 15.7g of amino activated carbon to 258g of deionized water and neutralize 8.2g of preliminary functional reagent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 28min, the ultrasonic power is 145W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 43kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the temperature is raised to 85°C, and the mixture is stirred for 3.7h at a stirring speed of 156rpm. After the stirring is completed, the mixture is dried to obtain a preliminary functional fertilizer.

[0096] The preparation method of the preliminary functional reagent is as follows: 5.7g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is mixed with 13.4g of deionized water, the temperature is increased to 45°C, and the mixture is stirred for 2.2h to obtain a phosphoric acid reagent; 3.6g of palmitoleic acid, 3.2mL of a 47wt% hydrogen peroxide solution, and 64mL of a 6.3wt% acetic acid solution are mixed evenly, the temperature is increased to 45°C, the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 2.3h, and after the stirring is completed, the mixture is washed and dried to obtain a modified palmitoleic acid; 3.4g of the modified palmitoleic acid is added to 18.0g of the phosphoric acid reagent, the temperature is increased to 85°C at a rate of 2.0°C / min, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 2.8h to obtain a preliminary functional reagent;

[0097] (4) Secondary functionalization

[0098] Place 12.0g of preliminary functional fertilizer in 68g of deionized water, add 6.0g of urea, 5.7g of potassium chloride, and 8.8g of wheat straw, mix, stir evenly, then add 1.6g of boric acid, 1.6g of zinc sulfate and 1.8g of ammonium molybdate, and homogenize for 5.5min, at a homogenization pressure of 2.3MPa, and twice. After the homogenization, raise the temperature to 68°C and stir for 2.7h at a stirring speed of 340rpm. After stirring, dry at 66°C for 10.5h, and pass through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a functional fertilizer.

[0099] 2. Management before planting

[0100] On the 7th day before planting the pepper seedlings, the soil was plowed to a depth of 27-32cm. After plowing, functional fertilizer was applied at a rate of 132kg per mu. After application, water was applied to control the soil moisture content to 55%, completing the management before planting.

[0101] 3. Planting management

[0102] Plant pepper seedlings with a height of 15-18 cm and good growth, control the row spacing to 52-55 cm, and the plant spacing to 25-28 cm. On the 7th day after planting, spray the roots of the pepper seedlings with nutrient solution at a spraying amount of 355 g per plant to complete the planting management;

[0103] The nutrient solution consists of deionized water, copper sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and carbendazim, and the mass ratios thereof are 1000:1.4:1.7:1.3:1.2:0.9 respectively.

[0104] 4. Fruiting period management

[0105] At the beginning of the pepper period, the functional liquid was applied to the roots of the pepper seedlings, once every 8 days, with the application amount of each functional liquid being 610g / plant, for a total of 3 times;

[0106] The functional liquid is prepared by uniformly stirring functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water is 34:2.5:585.

[0107] Comparative Example 1

[0108] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows:

[0109] (1) The primary functionalization step is omitted and in the secondary functionalization step, the primary functional fertilizer is replaced with amino activated carbon in equal amounts;

[0110] (2) During the planting management step, replace the nutrient solution with deionized water in equal amounts;

[0111] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0112] Comparative Example 2

[0113] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows:

[0114] (1) In the pretreatment step, the ultraviolet irradiation treatment is omitted; that is, the pretreatment step is "immersing 11.6 g of activated carbon in 110 g of 20 wt % hydrochloric acid solution for 4.0 h at a temperature of 50° C. After the immersion, drying at 110° C. for 7.5 h to obtain pretreated activated carbon";

[0115] (2) in the preliminary functionalization step, in the preparation method of the preliminary functionalization reagent, the modification step of palmitoleic acid is omitted, and the modified palmitoleic acid is replaced with palmitoleic acid in an equal amount;

[0116] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0117] Performance Testing

[0118] A planting field of 15 mu was selected in Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province, which was evenly divided into 5 plots, each with 3 mu, numbered as planting fields 1-5, and then the pepper variety of Hejiao 13 was cultivated by the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively. The remaining cultivation methods were carried out according to conventional techniques, and the specific corresponding management relationships were as follows:

[0119]

[0120] 1. Quality and yield

[0121] During the growth process from planting to harvesting of pepper plants, the incidence of scab and gray mold of pepper plants was counted, and the yield per mu and single fruit weight of pepper fruits were counted; and 20 peppers were randomly selected from the planting fields 1-5, and the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content were tested, and the average values ​​were taken. The test results are as follows:

[0122]

[0123] 2. Storage performance

[0124] The harvested peppers were placed in an environment with a temperature of 10°C and a humidity of 82% for 14 days. After the period ended, the vitamin C content was tested again. The test results are as follows:

[0125]

[0126] The present invention adopts activated carbon as a carrier to prepare functional fertilizer. First, the activated carbon is pretreated. During the irradiation process, the pores of the activated carbon can be effectively unblocked, the specific surface area of ​​the activated carbon can be increased, and the adsorption and solid loading capacity thereof can be improved. Then, the pretreated activated carbon is surface dispersed to improve the dispersion performance. Amino groups are introduced by adding nicotinamide and a silane coupling agent, so that the surface of the activated carbon contains abundant amino groups. The addition of nicotinamide can promote the growth and function of the root system and improve the survival rate of pepper seedlings after transplanting. In the preliminary functionalization step, a phosphoric acid reagent is reacted with epoxy-modified palmitic acid to open the epoxy group, so that the phosphoric acid reagent and the modified palmitic acid are firmly combined, and then reacted with amino-activated carbon to introduce phosphoric acid groups onto the activated carbon. The prepared preliminary functional fertilizer presents a stable three-dimensional spatial network structure and has relatively abundant amino and phosphoric acid groups. In the secondary functionalization step, the phosphoric acid reagent is increased. It has the chelating property for trace elements, good adsorption capacity for urea, potassium chloride, etc., and good binding ability for wheat straw, realizing the slow-release performance of functional fertilizer, so that various nutrients can continue to effectively act on the soil and the pepper plants themselves, promoting the growth and development of peppers; applying functional fertilizers before pepper transplanting and at the beginning of pepper planting can improve the soil's water retention and air permeability, improve the soil's barren state, promote the synthesis and transportation of substances such as glucose and starch, promote the formation and maintenance of pepper flower buds, and promote the normal growth and development of plants, thereby enhancing fruit quality and yield, and increasing the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of peppers; the addition of nutrient solution in planting management inhibits the growth of pathogens and promotes photosynthesis, thereby promoting the growth of roots, the luxuriance of stems and leaves, and the increase in fruit yield, and can also improve the stress resistance of pepper plants, enhance the cell wall structure of the fruit, and ultimately improve the quality and storage resistance of peppers.

[0127] Comparative Example 1 uses amino activated carbon as the preliminary functional fertilizer. Compared with Example 1, the preliminary functional fertilizer of Comparative Example 1 has an unstable structure, poor adsorption performance for nitrogen, potassium and trace elements, and insufficient bonding, which affects the slow-release performance of the functional fertilizer, thereby causing the failure to provide nutrients for pepper plants in a sustainable and effective manner. In addition, in the planting management step, the nutrient solution is replaced with deionized water, which reduces the survival rate of pepper seedlings and normal growth and development in the later stage. There are many diseases and insect pests during the growth process, which reduces the yield of peppers and affects the quality of peppers, resulting in low vitamin C and soluble sugar content in peppers and poor storage resistance.

[0128] In Comparative Example 2, in the pretreatment step, ultraviolet irradiation of activated carbon was omitted, resulting in poor pore permeability and low specific surface area of ​​the activated carbon, which affected the loading of nutrients and weakened the sustained release of nutrients. In the preliminary functionalization step of preparing the preliminary functionalization reagent, the modification step of palmitoleic acid was omitted, and the unmodified palmitoleic acid was combined with the phosphoric acid reagent, resulting in poor binding. As a result, in the step of reacting with amino activated carbon, the obtained preliminary functional fertilizer could not form a stable three-dimensional network structure, which ultimately affected the metabolism and development performance of the pepper plants, the poor stress resistance of the pepper plants, the reduced yield, the reduced content of vitamin C and soluble sugars, the poor quality of the picked peppers, and the loss of a lot of nutrients after storage.

[0129] Unless otherwise specified, all ratios and percentages described in the present invention are by mass ratios and percentages are by mass percentages.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper, characterized in that: It includes the steps of preparing functional fertilizer, pre-planting management, planting management and fruiting period management; The preparation of the functional fertilizer includes the steps of pretreatment, introduction of amino groups, primary functionalization and secondary functionalization; The pretreatment step comprises soaking the activated carbon in a hydrochloric acid solution, drying the activated carbon, placing the activated carbon under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation, and standing the activated carbon at room temperature for 9.8-10.3 hours after the ultraviolet irradiation, to obtain the pretreated activated carbon. The step of introducing amino groups comprises placing the pretreated activated carbon in a sealed container, introducing an ethanol solution, adding castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and octadecyl polyglucoside, heating to 40-44° C. at a rate of 3.3-3.8° C. / min, keeping warm and stirring for 1.0-1.4 hours, adding nicotinamide and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, heating to 70-75° C. at a rate of 1.7-2.2° C. / min, keeping warm and stirring for 7.8-8.3 hours, and obtaining amino activated carbon after the stirring is completed; The preliminary functionalization step is to add amino activated carbon to deionized water to neutralize the preliminary functional reagent, perform ultrasonic treatment, and after the ultrasonic treatment, raise the temperature to 80-85° C., keep stirring for 3.3-3.7 hours, and the stirring speed is 143-156 rpm. After the stirring is completed, dry to obtain the preliminary functional fertilizer; The preparation method of the preliminary functional reagent is as follows: mixing dipotassium hydrogen phosphate with deionized water, raising the temperature to 40-45° C., stirring for 1.8-2.2 hours, and obtaining a phosphoric acid reagent; uniformly mixing palmitoleic acid, a hydrogen peroxide solution, and an acetic acid solution, raising the temperature to 40-45° C., and stirring for 1.7-2.3 hours. After the stirring is completed, washing and drying are performed to obtain modified palmitoleic acid; adding the modified palmitoleic acid to the phosphoric acid reagent, raising the temperature to 80-85° C. at a rate of 1.0-2.0° C. / min, and stirring for 2.3-2.8 hours to obtain a preliminary functional reagent; The secondary functionalization step is to place the primary functional fertilizer in deionized water, add urea, potassium chloride, and wheat straw to mix, stir evenly, add boric acid, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate, and perform homogenization. After the homogenization, raise the temperature to 63-68° C. and stir. After the stirring, dry and pass through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a functional fertilizer. The planting management step is to spray the roots of the pepper seedlings with a nutrient solution on the 7th day after planting, with a spraying amount of 345-355g per plant, to complete the planting management; the nutrient solution is composed of deionized water, copper sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and carbendazim; The fruiting period management step is to apply the functional liquid to the roots of the pepper seedlings at the beginning of the pepper period, once every 8 days, with the amount of the functional liquid applied each time being 590-610 g / plant, for a total of 3 times; The functional liquid is prepared by uniformly mixing functional fertilizer, Tween 80 and deionized water.

2. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pretreatment step, the particle size of the activated carbon is 140-160 nm; The irradiation treatment has an irradiation time of 7.7-8.2 hours, an irradiation power of 50-55 W, an irradiation distance of 4.8-5.3 cm, and an ultraviolet wavelength of 176-183 nm.

3. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of introducing amino groups, the mass ratio of the pretreated activated carbon, ethanol solution, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, octadecyl polyglucoside, nicotinamide and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is 9.8-10.2:107-114:0.4-0.6:0.6-0.8:0.4-0.6:0.7-1.0; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 41-47%.

4. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preliminary functionalization step, the mass ratio of the deionized water, amino activated carbon, and preliminary functional reagent is 250-258:15.2-15.7:7.7-8.2; The ultrasonic treatment has an ultrasonic time of 23-28 min, an ultrasonic power of 135-145 W, and an ultrasonic frequency of 36-43 kHz.

5. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the preliminary functional reagent, the mass ratio of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to deionized water in the phosphoric acid reagent is 5.3-5.7:12.7-13.4; In the modified palmitoleic acid, the mass volume ratio of palmitoleic acid, hydrogen peroxide solution and acetic acid solution is 3.1-3.6 g:2.8-3.2 mL:57-64 mL; The mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 43-47%; The mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 5.8-6.3%; The mass ratio of the phosphoric acid reagent to the modified palmitoleic acid is 17.6-18.0:3.0-3.

4.

6. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the secondary functionalization step, the homogenization time is 4.5-5.5 min, the homogenization pressure is 2.3-2.8 MPa, and the homogenization times are 2 times; The stirring time is 2.3-2.7h, and the stirring speed is 320-340rpm.

7. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-planting management step is to plow the soil on the 7th day before the pepper seedlings are planted, with the plowing depth being 27-32 cm, applying functional fertilizer after plowing, applying 127-132 kg per mu, watering after application, controlling the soil moisture content to 50-55%, and completing the pre-planting management.

8. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting management step is to plant pepper seedlings with a height of 15-18 cm and good growth, and control the row spacing to 52-55 cm and the plant spacing to 25-28 cm; In the nutrient solution, the mass ratio of the deionized water, copper sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and carbendazim is 1000:1.2-1.4:1.3-1.7:1.0-1.3:0.8-1.2:0.7-0.

9.

9. A cultivation method for increasing the vitamin C content of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fruit-period management step, the mass ratio of the functional fertilizer, Tween 80, and deionized water is 30-34:2.1-2.5:574-585.

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