Planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration task

Abstract

The invention discloses a planar antenna suitable for a deep space exploration task. The planar antenna comprises a radiation array plane, a beam forming network and a radio frequency signal port. Radio frequency signals are fed into the beam forming network through the coaxial input assembly and the coaxial output assembly, the beam forming network separates the signals into 2m * 2m or 2m * 2n signals with the same amplitude and the same phase, then the signals are fed into all the radiation units in the radiation array plane, and each radiation unit forms circular polarization radiation under excitation of the beam forming network. And then signal superposition is realized in a space in a constant-amplitude and same-phase manner, so that a high-gain, high-efficiency and narrow-beam antenna pattern is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, and in particular to a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions. Background Art

[0002] In order to achieve a high-gain antenna, an array antenna or a reflector antenna is generally selected. The existing reflector antenna has the following problems: the reflector antenna feed system represented by Tianwen-1 is heavy.

[0003] On the one hand, the existing array antenna forms still have room for improvement in terms of lightweight, and their advantages over the same-caliber reflector antennas are not obvious. On the other hand, they cannot meet the requirements of deep space exploration missions for antenna performance. For example, the all-dielectric planar array antenna is easily affected by dielectric loss in the X-band (covering the two frequency bands of 7.145-7.19GHz and 8.40-8.45GHz), and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is insufficient. In addition, there is a difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the dielectric plate and the internal metal material, and the reliability is not high in the high and low temperature and harsh mechanical environment on orbit; for example, the bandwidth of the radial line slot array antenna is narrow, and it cannot cover the dual-band bandwidth requirements shared by the Mars exploration mission uplink and downlink; for example, the planar antenna of the dual-point feed radiating unit has high and complex requirements for the feed network, which greatly increases the weight of the antenna and is not easy to deploy. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions. The planar antenna has a reliable structure, the radiating part adopts an all-metal structure, and the antenna aperture efficiency can reach 80%. If the planar antenna adopts 64 radiating units, the weight of the planar antenna is 450g. The radiating unit adopts single-point feeding to achieve the needs of dual-band coverage of deep space work. Therefore, the planar antenna is a satellite-borne lightweight, highly reliable, high-efficiency, and high-gain planar antenna that meets the needs of my country's future deep space exploration missions.

[0005] In a first aspect, a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions is provided, comprising a radiation array, a beamforming network and a radio frequency signal port.

[0006] The radiation array includes a plurality of radiation units arranged in an array, and the radiation unit includes: a radiation unit body, a radiation unit probe and a radiation unit support seat; the radiation unit probe is used to feed and excite the radiation unit body, and the radiation unit support seat is used to ground the radiation unit body;

[0007] The beamforming network comprises a beamforming network top plate, a beamforming network bottom plate and a beamforming network dielectric plate; the beamforming network dielectric plate is located between the beamforming network top plate and the beamforming network bottom plate, and the beamforming network top plate is located on a side close to the radiation array;

[0008] Among them, the beamforming network top plate and the beamforming network bottom plate both constitute the floor of the platform antenna; the radiation unit support base is connected to the beamforming network top plate to ground the radiation unit support base; the radiation unit probe passes through the beamforming network top plate and is connected to the feeding point on the beamforming network dielectric plate; and the radiation unit probe is also radiated and fed with the beamforming network top plate, and the radiation unit probe constitutes the radiation feed source of the beamforming network top plate.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the radiation front satisfies at least one of the following:

[0010] Multiple radiation units according to 2 m Row, 2 n Column array arrangement, m and n are positive integers;

[0011] The distance between two adjacent radiation units is 0.4λ~0.8λ;

[0012] The radiation unit body is a rectangular patch with a slot structure, one end of the slot structure is closed and the other end is open, and the radiation unit probe and the radiation unit support seat are respectively located on both sides of the slot structure;

[0013] The radiation unit probe and the radiation unit support seat are arranged on one side of the radiation unit body close to the beam forming network;

[0014] The diameter of the radiation unit support base is 0.05λ~0.2λ;

[0015] The diameter of the radiation unit probe is 0.5mm to 1.5mm;

[0016] The radiating unit probe has a stage at the end facing away from the radiating unit body to improve the stability of the connection with the beam forming network;

[0017] The radiation unit support base is structurally connected to the beam forming network through a threaded connector;

[0018] The main body of the radiation unit support base is cylindrical, and has a cut angle at one end of the radiation unit support base away from the radiation unit body, which is used to prevent rotation when cooperating with the beam forming network;

[0019] The radiation unit is a full metal structure;

[0020] The operating frequency of the radiation unit is λ, so the operating frequency band of the radiation unit body covers 7.145 GHz to 7.19 GHz and 8.40 GHz to 8.45 GHz.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the slot structure and the radiation unit probe is smaller than the distance between the slot structure and the radiation unit support seat. In other words, the slot structure is located on the radiation unit body close to the radiation unit probe and away from the radiation unit support seat.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the beamforming network top board satisfies at least one of the following:

[0023] The beam forming network top plate includes a beam network top plate matching mounting hole; the radiation unit support seat is inserted into and fixed in the beam network top plate matching mounting hole, so that the radiation unit support seat is grounded with the beam forming network top plate through the beam network top plate matching mounting hole;

[0024] The beam forming network top plate includes a beam network top plate matching excitation hole; the inner wall of the beam network top plate matching excitation hole has a dielectric material, and the radiation unit probe passes through the beam network top plate matching excitation hole to connect with the feeding point on the beam forming network dielectric plate; the dielectric material on the inner wall of the beam network top plate matching excitation hole is used to realize the resistance matching with the radiation feed, so as to realize the radiation feeding of the radiation unit probe and the beam forming network top plate;

[0025] The beamforming network top plate is made of aerospace metal materials.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the front side of the beamforming network medium board is arranged toward the beamforming network top board, and the beamforming network medium board is provided with a plurality of metal etching patterns, and the plurality of metal etching patterns correspond to the plurality of radiation units one by one;

[0027] A multi-beamforming network is arranged on the back of the beamforming network dielectric plate, and the multi-beamforming network includes multiple beamforming network feeding points, and the multiple beamforming network feeding points are electrically connected to multiple metal etching patterns one by one; thereby, the radiation unit probe is electrically connected to the beamforming network feeding point through the metal etching pattern.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the beamforming network medium board satisfies at least one of the following:

[0029] An impedance transformation is provided at the front end of the beamforming network feed point;

[0030] The metal etching pattern is electrically connected to the beam forming network feeding point through a metallized via;

[0031] The center of the metal etching layer is a cylindrical metalized via hole, which is used to enable the radiating unit probe to pass through the front side of the beam forming network medium board;

[0032] The thickness of the beamforming network dielectric plate is 0.128mm or 0.256mm;

[0033] A radio frequency signal port is arranged on the back of the beam forming network medium board, and the one-point multi-beam forming network includes an intermediate transmission strip line, and the radio frequency signal port is electrically connected to the beam forming network feeding point through the intermediate transmission strip line;

[0034] The space between the beamforming network medium plate and the beamforming network top plate and the beamforming network bottom plate is filled with air.

[0035] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the impedance is transformed into a strip line of a rectangular structure, and the length of the strip line of the impedance transformation is 1 / 4λ; the impedance of the impedance transformation is changed by adjusting the strip line width.

[0036] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a first dielectric plate mounting groove is opened on the beamforming network top plate, and a second dielectric plate mounting groove is opened on the beamforming network bottom plate; the beamforming network dielectric plate is clamped between the opening of the first dielectric plate mounting groove and the opening of the second dielectric plate mounting groove, and the contact area between the beamforming network dielectric plate and the beamforming network top plate, and the contact area between the beamforming network dielectric plate and the beamforming network bottom plate, are both made of dielectric material.

[0037] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, an air-filled spacing distance between the beamforming network dielectric plate and the beamforming network top plate and the beamforming network bottom plate is 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the beamforming network backplane satisfies at least one of the following:

[0039] The beam forming network backplane has a plurality of mitigation pattern profiles;

[0040] The beamforming network backplane is made of aerospace metal materials.

[0041] In the second aspect, a radiation unit suitable for deep space exploration missions is provided, including: a radiation unit body, a radiation unit probe and a radiation unit support seat; the radiation unit body is a rectangular patch with a gap structure, one end of the gap structure is closed and the other end is open, the radiation unit probe and the radiation unit support seat are arranged on the same side of the radiation unit body, and are respectively located on both sides of the gap structure; the radiation unit probe is used to feed and excite the radiation unit body, and the radiation unit support seat is used to ground the radiation unit body.

[0042] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the radiation unit satisfies at least one of the following:

[0043] The diameter of the radiation unit support base is 0.05λ~0.2λ;

[0044] The diameter of the radiation unit probe is 0.5mm to 1.5mm;

[0045] The radiating unit probe has a stage at the end facing away from the radiating unit body to improve the stability of the connection with the beam forming network;

[0046] The main body of the radiation unit support base is cylindrical, and has a cut angle at one end of the radiation unit support base away from the radiation unit body, which is used to prevent rotation when cooperating with the beam forming network;

[0047] The radiation unit is a full metal structure;

[0048] The operating frequency of the radiation unit is λ, so that the operating frequency band of the radiation unit body covers 7.145 GHz to 7.19 GHz and 8.40 GHz to 8.45 GHz;

[0049] The distance between the slot structure and the radiation unit probe is smaller than the distance between the slot structure and the radiation unit support seat.

[0050] In a third aspect, an aircraft for deep space exploration missions is provided, comprising a planar antenna as described in any one of the implementations of the first aspect above.

[0051] In a fourth aspect, an aircraft for deep space exploration missions is provided, comprising a radiation unit as described in any one of the implementations of the second aspect above.

[0052] The working principle of the present invention is: the radio frequency signal is fed into the beam forming network through the radio frequency signal port, and the beam forming network separates the signal into two m ×2 n The signals with equal amplitude and phase are then fed into each radiating unit in the radiating array. Each radiating unit forms circularly polarized radiation under the stimulation of the beamforming network, and then the signals are superimposed in space with equal amplitude and phase, thereby realizing a high-gain, high-efficiency, narrow-beam antenna pattern.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the solution provided by this application includes at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0054] 1. Circular polarization and dual-band operation are achieved through a single-feed point all-metal radiation unit, which greatly improves the adaptability to the space environment and the reliability of the product. At the same time, the single-feed point structure greatly simplifies the complexity of the beamforming network and covers the purpose of uplink and downlink sharing in the deep space field.

[0055] 2. Through the new all-metal radiation unit, the high-gain mode of the unit is achieved. The peak gain of the radiation unit itself is 9.5~9.8dBi, which effectively improves the aperture efficiency of the radiation array. The actual aperture efficiency can reach 80%.

[0056] 3. Through the new beamforming network, ultra-low loss design and performance are achieved, thereby optimizing the radiation efficiency of the entire array and achieving the goal of maximizing radiation gain. Compared with existing antennas with the same gain performance requirements, the antenna area can be effectively reduced to achieve the goals of miniaturization and weight reduction. Compared with the Tianwen-1 reflector surface, the weight is reduced by 50%.

[0057] 4. The overall structure of the antenna is compact, no tuning column is required, it is small and compact, the structure is simple, the exposed materials are all metal structures, it is effectively resistant to radiation, has excellent adaptability to the space environment, and can be used for subsequent deep space exploration missions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 The schematic structure diagram of a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions.

[0059] Figure 2 The schematic structure diagram of a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions.

[0060] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit.

[0061] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit.

[0062] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a beamforming network.

[0063] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of the front side of a beamforming network medium board.

[0064] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the back side of a beamforming network medium board.

[0065] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions is shown.

[0068] in Figure 1is a schematic diagram of the planar antenna viewed from the radiation unit side. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the planar antenna viewed from the side away from the radiation unit. The planar antenna is suitable for deep space exploration missions, for example. The planar antenna includes a radiation array 1, a beamforming network 2, and a radio frequency signal port 3. The radio frequency signal from the radio frequency signal port 3 is transmitted to the radiation array 1 through the beamforming network 2 for transmission, and the signal obtained by the radiation array 1 is transmitted to the radio frequency signal port 3 for reception through the beamforming network 2. In order to achieve the purpose of high gain, each port of the beamforming network generally has equal amplitude and in-phase output.

[0069] The radiation front 1 includes a plurality of radiation units 11 arranged in an array. The plurality of radiation units 11 are arranged, for example, in accordance with 2 m Row, 2 n The antenna is arranged in a row array, m and n are positive integers, and m and n can be the same or different. The number of radiating elements can be determined based on the antenna gain and radiation pattern characteristics of the entire array. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, m=n=3.

[0070] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent radiation units 11 in the radiation array 1 satisfies 0.4λ to 0.8λ, and the specific size is determined based on optimization analysis. Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent radiation units 11 can be the same.

[0071] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit 11 is shown. The radiation unit 11 comprises a radiation unit body 111 , a radiation unit probe 112 , and a radiation unit support seat 113 .

[0072] The radiation unit body 111 is a rectangular patch with a slot structure, that is, a slot structure is opened on the rectangular patch. The slot structure is closed at one end and open at the other end. The radiation unit probe 112 and the radiation unit support seat 113 are arranged on the same side of the radiation unit body 111, that is, the side facing the beam forming network 2. The radiation unit probe 112 and the radiation unit support seat 113 are respectively located on both sides of the slot structure. The radiation unit probe 112 can be electrically connected to the beam forming network 2 to realize feeding excitation of the radiation unit body 111. The radiation unit body 111 can be grounded through the radiation unit support seat 113.

[0073] The above-mentioned radiation unit body 111 is a quasi-"F" type structure. In actual operation, the main current passing through the radiation unit 11 is bounded near the gap, and the current distribution at the geometric center position of the connection interface between the radiation unit body 111 and the radiation unit support seat 113 is almost zero. Therefore, the radiation unit body 111 can operate at a specific operating frequency λ, and can achieve a corresponding high-efficiency radiation pattern. In addition, the radiation unit 11 is a single-point feeding structure, and the operating frequency band of the radiation unit body 111 can cover the deep space dual-band X-band uplink and downlink (for example, 7.145GHz~7.19GHz and 8.40GHz~8.45GHz bands).

[0074] In some embodiments, the slot structure may be located on the radiation unit body 111 at a position close to the radiation unit probe 112 and away from the radiation unit support base 113 .

[0075] In some embodiments, the diameter size of the radiation unit support base 113 is, for example, 0.05λ to 0.2λ, and the specific size is determined based on optimization analysis.

[0076] In some embodiments, the diameter of the radiation unit probe 112 is, for example, 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and the specific size is determined based on electrical performance and structural optimization analysis.

[0077] In some embodiments, the radiation unit probe 112 may have a step at one end facing away from the radiation unit body 111 to improve the stability of the connection with the beamforming network 2 .

[0078] In some embodiments, the radiation unit support 113 is structurally connected to the beamforming network 2 via a threaded connector, thereby achieving structural stability of the radiation unit 11 without deformation and ensuring that the active section mechanical environment is not damaged. The size of the threaded connector is, for example, M2 to M4.

[0079] In some embodiments, the main body shape of the radiation unit support seat 113 is cylindrical, and may have a cut angle at one end of the radiation unit support seat 113 away from the radiation unit body 111; the corresponding position on the beamforming network 2 has a structure that cooperates with the cut angle, and the two cooperate with each other to prevent rotation and the like from occurring during installation.

[0080] In some embodiments, the radiation unit 11 is a full metal structure, and can be implemented using commonly used aerospace materials, such as aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

[0081] Figures 5 to 7A schematic structural diagram of a beamforming network 2 is shown. The beamforming network 2 includes a beamforming network top plate 21, a beamforming network bottom plate 22 and a beamforming network dielectric plate 23. The beamforming network dielectric plate 23 is located between the beamforming network top plate 21 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22. The beamforming network top plate 21 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22 are fastened together, for example, by a threaded connector. The beamforming network top plate 21 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22 both constitute the floor of the platform antenna.

[0082] The beamforming network top plate 21 is located on one side of the beamforming network 2 close to the radiation front 1. The radiation unit support seat 113 is connected to the beamforming network top plate 21 so that the radiation unit support seat 113 is grounded. The radiation unit probe 112 passes through the beamforming network top plate 21 and is connected to the feeding point on the beamforming network dielectric plate 23, and the radiation unit probe 112 is also radiated and fed with the beamforming network top plate 21 (i.e., not directly connected). The radiation unit probe 112 can constitute the radiation feed source of the beamforming network top plate 21.

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown, the beamforming network top plate 21 may include a beamforming network top plate matching mounting hole 211. The radiation unit support seat 113 may be inserted and fixed in the beamforming network top plate matching mounting hole 211, so that the beamforming network top plate 21 may be matched and connected with the radiation unit support seat 113 through the beamforming network top plate matching mounting hole 211, and then the radiation unit support seat 113 is grounded through the beamforming network top plate 21.

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, the beamforming network top plate 21 may include a beamforming network top plate matching excitation hole 212. The inner wall of the beamforming network top plate matching excitation hole 212 has a dielectric material, and the radiation unit probe 112 passes through the beamforming network top plate matching excitation hole 212 to connect with the feeding point on the beamforming network dielectric plate 23. The dielectric material on the inner wall of the beamforming network top plate matching excitation hole 212 is used to achieve a suitable resistance, so that the beamforming network top plate matching excitation hole 212 cooperates with the coaxial outer conductor of the radiation unit probe 112 to complete the RF signal excitation transmission, and realizes effective radiation feeding between the radiation unit probe 112 and the beamforming network top plate 21. Furthermore, the size of the beamforming network top plate matching excitation hole 212 should match the size of the radiation unit probe 112, for example, to achieve a 50Ω match.

[0085] Figure 6 , Figure 7 The front and back sides of the beam forming network dielectric plate 23 are shown respectively.

[0086] The beamforming network medium board 23 is provided with a plurality of metal etching patterns 231 on the front side, the number of the metal etching patterns 231 is the same as the number of the radiation units 11, and the plurality of metal etching patterns 231 correspond one to one to the plurality of radiation units 11. The metal etching patterns 231 may be arranged toward the beamforming network top board 21.

[0087] The beamforming network medium board 23 is provided with a multi-beamforming network on the back, and the multi-beamforming network includes a plurality of beamforming network feeding points 232, and the plurality of beamforming network feeding points 232 are electrically connected to the plurality of metal etching patterns 231. Thus, the radiation unit probe 112 is electrically connected to the beamforming network feeding point 232 through the metal etching pattern 231. The beamforming network feeding point 232 can be arranged toward the beamforming network bottom board 22.

[0088] In some embodiments, the metal etching pattern 231 is electrically connected to the beamforming network feed point 232 through a metallized via. The center of the metal etching layer is a cylindrical metallized via for allowing the radiation unit probe 112 to pass through the front of the beamforming network dielectric board 23.

[0089] In some embodiments, the thickness of the beamforming network dielectric plate 23 can be selected to be 0.128 mm, 0.256 mm, and is specifically determined based on design optimization, and generally does not exceed 0.508 mm.

[0090] like Figure 7 As shown, the RF signal port 3 can be set on the back side of the beamforming network medium plate 23. The back side of the beamforming network medium plate 23 also has an intermediate transmission strip line 234. The RF signal port 3 can be electrically connected to the beamforming network feeding point 232 through the intermediate transmission strip line 234.

[0091] In some embodiments, an impedance transformer 233 may be provided at the front end of the beamforming network feed point 232, and the impedance transformer 233 is electrically connected to the intermediate transmission strip line 234. The impedance transformer 233 may be used to achieve good impedance matching. Figure 7 As shown, the RF signal port 3 is connected to the beamforming network transmission stripline 235, and then electrically connected to the intermediate transmission stripline 234 through the beamforming network transmission stripline 235, and then electrically connected to the beamforming network feeding point 232 through the impedance transformation 233. Further, the impedance transformation 233 is a stripline with a rectangular structure. The stripline length of the impedance transformation 233 is, for example, 1 / 4λ. The characteristic impedance is changed by adjusting the stripline width, thereby achieving impedance matching.

[0092] like Figure 8As shown, the beamforming network dielectric plate 23 can be filled with air between the beamforming network top plate 21 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22. A first dielectric plate mounting groove is provided on the beamforming network top plate 21, and a second dielectric plate mounting groove is provided on the beamforming network bottom plate 22. The beamforming network dielectric plate 23 is sandwiched between the opening of the first dielectric plate mounting groove and the opening of the second dielectric plate mounting groove, and the contact area between the beamforming network dielectric plate 23 and the beamforming network top plate 21, and the contact area between the beamforming network dielectric plate 23 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22 are made of dielectric materials. Therefore, the air contained in the first dielectric plate mounting groove and the second dielectric plate mounting groove can constitute the above-mentioned air filling, and the beamforming network feeding point 232, impedance transformation 233, and intermediate transmission strip line 234 on the beamforming network dielectric plate 23 carrier can form an air-suspended strip line structure with the beamforming network top plate 21 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22, thereby realizing ultra-low loss transmission.

[0093] Furthermore, the air-filled spacing distance between the beamforming network dielectric plate 23 and the beamforming network top plate 21 and the beamforming network bottom plate 22 may be 1 mm to 3 mm, which is specifically determined according to spatial environment factors such as design and micro-discharge.

[0094] Furthermore, the beamforming network base plate 22 may have a number of lightening pattern shapes, the main purpose of which is to achieve a weight reduction effect for the entire machine.

[0095] Furthermore, the beamforming network bottom plate 22 and the beamforming network top plate 21 may be made of metal materials commonly used in aerospace, such as aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

[0096] Furthermore, the RF signal port 3 is used to connect to a transponder and an amplifier, thereby effectively transmitting the signal to a beamforming network, and is, for example, formed of a standard coaxial SMA or a standard 2.92-K or a standard 2.4.

[0097] by Figures 1 to 8 Taking the illustrated embodiment as an example, the overall working principle of a platform antenna provided by the present invention is as follows: the RF signal enters from the RF signal port 3, passes through the beamforming network transmission strip line 235 to the intermediate transmission strip line 234, and is matched with the network feeding point 232, for example, 50Ω, through the impedance transformation 233, and at the same time, 1 signal is evenly distributed to 64 signals; further, the 64 signals are respectively transmitted to the radiation unit probe 112 to realize the excitation radiation of each radiation unit 11, and all the radiation units 11 are superimposed in phase in space to realize the desired radiation pattern.

[0098] In summary, the example of the present invention provides a small, compact, high-efficiency, all-metal, low-profile, high-reliability, easy-to-process, high-performance, lightweight, and efficient planar antenna that operates in the 7.145GHz to 7.19GHz and 8.40GHz to 8.45GHz operating frequency bands. The antenna does not require tuning and is easy to process. In the operating frequency band, the in-band insertion loss of the 64-in-1 beamforming network of this embodiment is better than 0.3dB, the return loss of the antenna is better than 25dB, the radiation effective aperture efficiency is better than 80%, the weight of the whole device is better than 450g, and the peak gain of the antenna is better than 24.5dBi at 7.15GHz and better than 25.5dBi at 8.40GHz.

[0099] Although the present invention is disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planar antenna suitable for deep space exploration missions, comprising a radiation array (1), a beam forming network (2) and a radio frequency signal port (3), It is characterized in that The radiation array (1) comprises a plurality of radiation units (11) arranged in an array, wherein the radiation unit (11) comprises: a radiation unit body (111), a radiation unit probe (112) and a radiation unit support seat (113); the radiation unit probe (112) is used to feed and excite the radiation unit body (111), and the radiation unit support seat (113) is used to ground the radiation unit body (111); The beamforming network (2) comprises a beamforming network top plate (21), a beamforming network bottom plate (22) and a beamforming network dielectric plate (23); the beamforming network dielectric plate (23) is located between the beamforming network top plate (21) and the beamforming network bottom plate (22), and the beamforming network top plate (21) is located on a side close to the radiation array (1); The beamforming network top plate (21) and the beamforming network bottom plate (22) both constitute the floor of the platform antenna; the radiation unit support seat (113) is connected to the beamforming network top plate (21) so that the radiation unit support seat (113) is grounded; the radiation unit probe (112) passes through the beamforming network top plate (21) and is connected to a feeding point on the beamforming network dielectric plate (23); and the radiation unit probe (112) is also radiated and fed with the beamforming network top plate (21), and the radiation unit probe (112) constitutes a radiation feed source of the beamforming network top plate (21).

2. The planar antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The radiation front (1) satisfies at least one of the following: A plurality of radiation units (11) are arranged according to 2 m Row, 2 n Column array arrangement, m and n are positive integers; The distance between two adjacent radiation units (11) is 0.4λ to 0.8λ; The radiation unit body (111) is a rectangular patch with a slot structure, one end of the slot structure is closed and the other end is open, and the radiation unit probe (112) and the radiation unit support seat (113) are respectively located on both sides of the slot structure; The radiation unit probe (112) and the radiation unit support seat (113) are arranged on one side of the radiation unit body (111) close to the beam forming network (2); The diameter of the radiation unit support seat (113) is 0.05λ to 0.2λ; The diameter of the radiation unit probe (112) is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm; The radiation unit probe (112) has a stage at one end away from the radiation unit body (111) for improving the stability of the connection with the beam forming network (2); The radiation unit support base (113) and the beam forming network (2) are structurally connected via a threaded connection piece; The main body structure of the radiation unit support seat (113) is cylindrical, and an end of the radiation unit support seat (113) away from the radiation unit body (111) has a cut angle, which is used to prevent rotation when cooperating with the beam forming network (2); The radiation unit (11) is a full metal structure; The operating frequency of the radiation unit (11) is λ, so that the operating frequency band of the radiation unit body (111) covers 7.145 GHz to 7.19 GHz and 8.40 GHz to 8.45 GHz.

3. The planar antenna according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The distance between the slot structure and the radiation unit probe (112) is smaller than the distance between the slot structure and the radiation unit support seat (113).

4. The planar antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The beamforming network top board (21) satisfies at least one of the following: The beam forming network top plate (21) comprises a beam network top plate matching installation hole (211); the radiation unit support seat (113) is inserted into and fixed in the beam network top plate matching installation hole (211), so that the radiation unit support seat (113) is grounded to the beam forming network top plate (21) through the beam network top plate matching installation hole (211); The beam forming network top plate (21) comprises a beam forming network top plate matching excitation hole (212); the inner wall of the beam forming network top plate matching excitation hole (212) has a dielectric material, and the radiation unit probe (112) passes through the beam forming network top plate matching excitation hole (212) to connect with a feeding point on the beam forming network dielectric plate (23); the dielectric material on the inner wall of the beam forming network top plate matching excitation hole (212) is used to realize a resistance matched with radiation feeding, so as to realize radiation feeding of the radiation unit probe (112) and the beam forming network top plate (21); The beam forming network top plate (21) is made of aerospace metal materials.

5. The planar antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The front side of the beamforming network medium plate (23) is arranged toward the beamforming network top plate (21), and the beamforming network medium plate (23) is provided with a plurality of metal etching patterns (231), and the plurality of metal etching patterns (231) correspond to the plurality of radiation units (11) one by one; A beamforming network dielectric plate (23) is provided with a multi-beamforming network (2) on the back side, and the multi-beamforming network (2) comprises a plurality of beamforming network feeding points (232), and the plurality of beamforming network feeding points (232) are electrically connected to a plurality of metal etching patterns (231) one by one; thereby, the radiation unit probe (112) is electrically connected to the beamforming network feeding point (232) via the metal etching pattern (231).

6. The planar antenna according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The beamforming network medium board (23) satisfies at least one of the following: An impedance transformer (233) is provided at the front end of the beamforming network feeding point (232); The metal etching pattern (231) is electrically connected to the beam forming network feeding point (232) through a metallized via hole; The center of the metal etching layer is a cylindrical metallized via hole, which is used to enable the radiation unit probe (112) to pass through the front side of the beam forming network medium board (23); The thickness of the beam forming network dielectric plate (23) is 0.128 mm or 0.256 mm; A radio frequency signal port (3) is arranged on the back of the beamforming network medium plate (23), the one-to-many beamforming network (2) comprises an intermediate transmission strip line (234), and the radio frequency signal port (3) is electrically connected to the beamforming network feeding point (232) via the intermediate transmission strip line (234); The space between the beam forming network medium plate (23) and the beam forming network top plate (21) and the beam forming network bottom plate (22) is filled with air.

7. The planar antenna according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The impedance transformation (233) is a strip line with a rectangular structure, and the strip line length of the impedance transformation (233) is 1 / 4λ; the impedance of the impedance transformation (233) is changed by adjusting the strip line width.

8. The planar antenna according to claim 6, It is characterized in that A first dielectric plate mounting groove is provided on the beamforming network top plate (21), and a second dielectric plate mounting groove is provided on the beamforming network bottom plate (22); the beamforming network dielectric plate (23) is sandwiched between the opening of the first dielectric plate mounting groove and the opening of the second dielectric plate mounting groove, and the contact area between the beamforming network dielectric plate (23) and the beamforming network top plate (21), and the contact area between the beamforming network dielectric plate (23) and the beamforming network bottom plate (22) are both made of dielectric material.

9. The planar antenna according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The air-filled spacing distance between the beamforming network dielectric plate (23) and the beamforming network top plate (21) and the beamforming network bottom plate (22) is 1 mm to 3 mm.

10. The planar antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The beamforming network backplane (22) satisfies at least one of the following: The beam forming network backplane (22) has a plurality of mitigation pattern shapes; The beam forming network base plate (22) is made of aerospace metal materials.

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