Wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in tunnel environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment, which relates to the technical field of wireless communication and comprises a signal source, a signal transmission network, an antenna distribution module and a monitoring module, the signal source is used for providing high-power and multi-band wireless signals, meeting different user requirements and ensuring effective coverage of a tunnel; a high-power and multi-band wireless signal transmitter is adopted as a signal source, various wireless communication signals can be transmitted at the same time, and the requirements of different users are met; according to the invention, the coverage quality and transmission stability of wireless signals in the tunnel are remarkably improved, and comprehensive, uniform and stable coverage of the signals in the tunnel is realized through reasonable arrangement of the high-power multi-band signal source in combination with the optical fiber transmission and the synergistic effect of the amplifier and the repeater; the problems of weak signals and multiple blind areas in a traditional mode are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, people have higher and higher requirements for communication quality in various environments. As a special building structure, tunnels face many challenges in terms of wireless signal coverage inside. In tunnel environments, due to the closed and narrow structure of tunnels, the propagation of wireless signals is greatly restricted.

[0003] Traditional wireless signal coverage methods often have poor effects in tunnels, with problems such as weak signals and many blind spots, which seriously affect communication quality and user experience. For example, in highway tunnels, if the communication signal is unstable during vehicle driving, it may affect the driver's navigation, emergency rescue calls, etc.; in urban subway tunnels, passengers' mobile phone communications and network use will also be affected, which cannot meet people's daily communication needs.

[0004] Traditional signal sources and antennas are difficult to install in tunnels. The tunnel space is limited, and it is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and the signal coverage effect, while also considering not affecting the structure and appearance of the tunnel. For example, some large signal transmission equipment may be difficult to find a suitable installation location, and after installation, it may affect the overall landscape of the tunnel.

[0005] The laying of signal transmission lines also faces challenges. When laying transmission lines such as cables in tunnels, it is necessary to consider the special environment of the tunnel, such as humidity, high temperature, vibration and other factors, which may affect the stability and life of the transmission lines, and thus affect the transmission quality of the signal.

[0006] Different users have different communication needs in tunnels, including voice calls, data transmission, video conferencing and other services. Traditional coverage methods often cannot perform targeted signal transmission and optimization according to the actual needs of users, and cannot meet the communication requirements of different users in different scenarios.

[0007] There is also a lack of effective analysis and response measures for the user activity characteristics and communication needs in different areas around the tunnel. For example, the communication needs of users in commercial areas, residential areas and other areas near the tunnel may be different from those of vehicle users passing through the tunnel, but traditional coverage methods are difficult to achieve differentiated signal coverage.

[0008] In order to solve the above defects, a technical solution is now provided. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of poor wireless signal coverage, inability to meet the needs of different users, poor system reliability and stability caused by limited signal propagation, difficulty in equipment installation and environmental coordination, lack of targeted signal coverage strategy and many defects in the prior art in the tunnel environment, and propose an indoor distribution system for wireless signal coverage in the tunnel environment.

[0010] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: Wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in tunnel environment, including: Signal source, used to provide high-power, multi-band wireless signals to meet the needs of different users and ensure effective coverage of tunnels; Using high-power, multi-band wireless signal transmitter as the signal source, it can transmit multiple wireless communication signals at the same time to meet the needs of different users; The signal source is installed at the tunnel entrance or at a suitable location inside the tunnel to ensure that the signal can effectively cover the entire tunnel; Signal transmission network, used to stably transmit signals using optical fiber as the medium, and to enhance signal strength and coverage through amplifiers and repeaters; Optical fiber is used as the signal transmission medium and is laid inside the tunnel wall; During signal transmission, multiple signal amplifiers and repeaters are set up at different locations in the tunnel to enhance the signal strength and coverage; Antenna distribution module, which is used to reasonably arrange directional antennas in the tunnel to ensure uniform signal coverage and seamless coverage in special areas and avoid being blocked by obstacles; Monitoring module, used to monitor and manage the entire system in real time, monitor parameters, automatically adjust and optimize, and issue alarms and troubleshoot faults in case of failure; The monitoring module monitors and manages the entire wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in real time. The monitoring module evaluates the communication effect of the system by monitoring status parameters, determines whether it meets the standards, and automatically adjusts and optimizes according to actual conditions. When a system failure occurs, the monitoring module can promptly issue an alarm and automatically take corresponding troubleshooting measures to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific process of the signal source meeting the needs of different users is as follows: Spectrum analyzer monitoring equipment is installed at the tunnel entrance and inside the tunnel to monitor the types and frequencies of various wireless communication signals in the area in real time; Analyze the signal strength changes and occupancy time indicators at different time periods and locations to determine user demand preferences and provide a basis for signal source adjustment; User feedback terminals are installed in emergency telephone booths and service areas in the tunnel. Users select the type of communication service, evaluate the signal quality and put forward their requirements. The feedback information is transmitted to the system control center for classification and data analysis to adjust the signal source transmission parameters to meet actual needs. Cooperate with telecom operators to obtain communication usage data of users around the tunnel through data interfaces, use big data to analyze the specific communication needs of different user groups, and accurately enhance the signal coverage of specific frequency bands for specific groups' activity areas and time periods.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific operation steps of installing the signal source at the tunnel entrance or at an appropriate position in the tunnel are as follows: Use laser scanning technology to build a three-dimensional model of the tunnel, combine it with wireless signal propagation theory, and use signal simulation software to simulate the emission effects of signal sources at different locations to determine the optimal coverage range; At the same time, data from different tunnels are collected to build a machine learning data set, and the model is trained using a machine learning algorithm to automatically predict the optimal installation location of the signal source based on the structural parameters of the new tunnel; Conduct real-world validation of model output location suggestions and optimize the model to improve accuracy.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific operation steps of setting up multiple signal amplifiers and repeaters at different locations of the tunnel in the signal transmission network are as follows: Select multiple test points at equal intervals in the tunnel and use signal detection equipment to measure the initial signal strength at different locations. , signal strength is expressed in power; According to the measurement results, determine the area where the signal strength is lower than the preset standard and the location where the signal attenuation is greater than the preset threshold, including the area where the distance from the signal source is greater than the preset distance and the bend. When the signal is transmitted in the optical fiber, it will attenuate as the distance increases. The attenuation degree is expressed by the formula: ,in The transmission distance is The signal power at is the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber; According to the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber and the power parameters of the signal source, a theoretical calculation is performed. It is known that the signal source power is , the transmission loss of optical fiber is determined by the attenuation coefficient It is decided to record the tunnel length as , then in the absence of amplifiers and repeaters, the power of the signal transmitted to the end of the tunnel is ; Combined with the length and shape of the tunnel, the location interval where amplifiers and repeaters need to be set up is calculated. When the signal power attenuates to a certain extent, including a preset ratio below the initial power, an amplifier or repeater needs to be set up, that is, when Calculate the transmission distance at this time , determine that an amplifier or repeater needs to be set up near this distance; Using signal transmission simulation software, input tunnel parameters, fiber characteristics and signal source information to simulate the signal transmission process in the tunnel. By adjusting the positions of amplifiers and repeaters, the changes in signal strength are analyzed and the gains of amplifiers and repeaters are recorded as and After an amplifier or repeater is installed at a certain location, the signal power becomes For or, determine the position combination that can achieve the best signal coverage and avoid attenuation interruption, so that the signal strength in the entire tunnel can meet the requirements.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific operation steps of the antenna distribution module to reasonably arrange the directional antennas in the tunnel are as follows: Multiple directional antennas are installed in the tunnel. The directional antennas are reasonably arranged according to the shape and size of the tunnel. The specific process is as follows: Based on the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, the detailed parameters such as the length, width, height, curvature radius of the curve, angle and size of the fork are obtained. At the same time, the distribution of obstacles in the tunnel that may affect signal propagation, including ventilation equipment and cable trays, is recorded; Analyze the geometric characteristics of the tunnel to determine the key areas and difficult areas of signal coverage, including long straight tunnel sections, bends, and forks; Based on the technical parameters of the directional antenna and the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, professional electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate signal propagation. The position, angle, and power parameters of the antenna are input, and the software predicts the signal strength distribution at various locations in the tunnel. By adjusting the position, angle and number of antennas, observe the changes in signal strength in the tunnel; find the optimal layout solution that can achieve uniform signal coverage to ensure that the signal strength meets the design requirements throughout the tunnel; Use the following formula to estimate signal strength: ,in is the received signal power, is the transmitted signal power, and are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively. is the signal wavelength, is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; Based on the results of signal propagation simulation and the actual situation of the tunnel, the installation position and angle of the directional antenna were preliminarily determined, and the antennas were arranged at equal intervals in the long straight tunnel section to ensure signal continuity; For bends, increase the density of antennas or adjust the angle of antennas on the inside of the bend to compensate for signal attenuation; Near the fork, arrange the antennas reasonably according to the shape and flow direction of the fork to ensure that the signal can seamlessly cover all directions; Choose the installation method, including wall-mounted and ceiling-mounted. At the same time, ensure that the antenna is firmly installed and can withstand the vibration and airflow in the tunnel; After the preliminary layout is completed, conduct on-site signal testing, use signal testing equipment to measure signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio parameters at different locations in the tunnel, and compare them with design requirements; Optimize and adjust the antenna layout based on the test results. If the signal strength in some areas is insufficient, increase the number of antennas, adjust the angle or position of the antennas, or replace antennas with higher gain. When there is signal interference or blind spots, improve it by adjusting the antenna’s directivity or adding filters; Repeat field testing and optimization until the signal achieves uniform coverage throughout the tunnel and meets the design requirements. At the same time, record the final antenna layout plan and parameters for subsequent maintenance and management.

[0015] Furthermore, the monitoring module evaluates the communication effect of the system by monitoring the status parameters, determines whether it meets the standards, and automatically adjusts and optimizes according to the actual situation. The specific operation steps are as follows: The status parameters include: Signal strength: measured in decibel milliwatts, reflecting the power of the signal. It is measured at different locations in the tunnel, and the average value or the minimum value at a specific key location is taken as the monitoring value; Signal-to-noise ratio: A measure of the ratio of signal to noise in decibels; Bit error rate: indicates the proportion of erroneous bits in the transmission process and is an important indicator for measuring the reliability of data transmission; Data transmission rate: measured in megabits per second or gigabits per second, reflecting the data transmission capacity of the system; Equipment operating temperature: Monitor the operating temperature of signal sources, amplifiers, repeaters, and antenna equipment in degrees Celsius, and calculate the average temperature; Equipment operating current and voltage: Monitor the power supply of the equipment in amperes and volts; A weight coefficient is determined for each state parameter. The size of the weight coefficient reflects the importance of the parameter to the communication effect. Then, the value of each state parameter is multiplied by its corresponding weight coefficient. Finally, all the products are added together to get the comprehensive value. Specifically: the weight of signal strength is w1, the weight of signal-to-noise ratio is w2, the weight of bit error rate is w3, the weight of data transmission rate is w4, the weight of equipment operating temperature is w5, and the weight of equipment operating current and voltage is w6. The comprehensive value can be expressed as S through the formula: S=w1×xq+w2×xz+w3×wq+w4×cs+w5×sg+w6×ly, where xq, xz, wq, cs, sg, and ly are signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, data transmission rate, equipment operating temperature, equipment operating current, and voltage, respectively. The obtained comprehensive value S is compared with the preset standard value T. , then the system communication effect is judged to be up to standard; otherwise, the system communication effect is judged to be not up to standard, and the communication effect is optimized in a targeted manner; When determining the target value T, we analyze the system design requirements, historical data and actual test results, combined with user needs and expectations. At the same time, as the system operation and environment changes, we continuously adjust and optimize the target value T to ensure that the system always maintains good communication effects.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific operation steps of the monitoring module to optimize the communication effect are as follows: When it is determined that the system communication effect does not meet the standard, all state parameters are retrospectively analyzed to determine the state parameters that do not meet the standard; If the signal strength does not meet the standard, check and adjust the signal source power, adjust the antenna position and direction, and remove obstacles on the signal transmission path; When the signal-to-noise ratio does not meet the standard, reduce noise interference, including shielding, filtering, improving signal quality, changing modulation and coding technology, and adjusting antenna directivity; When the bit error rate does not meet the standard, increase signal redundancy and use error correction coding, optimize the signal processing algorithm at the receiving end, and check the device connection and grounding conditions; When the data transmission rate does not meet the standard, increase the bandwidth, including upgrading the equipment or changing the signal source frequency, optimizing the data transmission protocol, and adjusting the equipment configuration parameters; When the operating temperature of the equipment exceeds the standard, check the heat dissipation, clean or add heat dissipation equipment, adjust the working environment, ventilate and cool down, install temperature sensors and automatically cool down; When the operating current and voltage of the equipment do not meet the standards, ensure a stable power supply, take voltage stabilization and filtering measures, optimize power consumption management, reduce equipment power consumption, check the connection lines, and replace or repair the problem lines in a timely manner.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention significantly improves the coverage quality and transmission stability of wireless signals in tunnels. Through the reasonable setting of high-power multi-band signal sources, combined with the synergy of optical fiber transmission and amplifiers and repeaters, comprehensive, uniform and stable coverage of signals in tunnels is achieved, effectively solving the problems of weak signals and many blind spots in traditional methods. Good signal support can be obtained in both straight areas of tunnels and special areas such as bends and forks, meeting the needs of different users in various communication scenarios, such as clear and smooth voice calls, fast and reliable data transmission, and smooth video conferencing. At the same time, the use of optical fiber as a transmission medium and signal enhancement equipment greatly reduces signal loss and interference, and ensures the efficiency and stability of signal transmission. The present invention introduces a monitoring module that enables the system to have a powerful intelligent management capability. It can accurately monitor the key parameters of signals and equipment in real time, automatically adjust and optimize the system according to the monitoring data, and ensure that the communication effect is always in the best state. When a system failure occurs, it can quickly issue an alarm and automatically take effective troubleshooting measures, which greatly improves the reliability and stability of the system, reduces the communication interruption time caused by failures, and enhances the user experience. The antenna distribution module further optimizes the signal coverage effect and improves the overall performance of the system through scientific and reasonable layout and special design for special areas. The present invention can be highly adaptable to the diverse needs of different users and complex changes in tunnel environments. It obtains user needs through multiple channels, including spectrum analysis monitoring, user feedback terminals, and cooperation with telecom operators, thereby achieving accurate grasp of user needs and adjusting signal transmission in a targeted manner, providing users with personalized high-quality communication services. In terms of equipment installation location determination and system parameter setting, advanced technical means and flexible adjustment strategies are adopted, such as laser scanning modeling, machine learning algorithms, and dynamic optimization of target values ​​according to actual conditions, so that the system can not only adapt to the special structure and environment of the tunnel, but also continuously optimize itself as the operating environment changes, and has strong adaptability and sustainable development capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 This is the overall system block diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms "include" and "comprising" used in the specification and claims of the present disclosure indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0021] It should also be understood that the terms used in this disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and claims, the singular forms of "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" used in this disclosure and claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in the tunnel environment includes a signal source, a signal transmission network, an antenna distribution module and a monitoring module; The signal source is used to provide high-power, multi-band wireless signals to meet the needs of different users and ensure effective coverage of the tunnel; Using a high-power, multi-band wireless signal transmitter as the signal source, it can transmit multiple wireless communication signals at the same time to meet the needs of different users. The specific process is as follows: Professional signal monitoring equipment such as high-precision spectrum analyzers are installed at the entrance of the tunnel and at a certain distance inside the tunnel to monitor the types and frequencies of wireless communication signals currently in use in the current area in real time and accurately, including various network signals such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G of different operators and specific frequency band signals such as Wi-Fi. The data collected by the monitoring equipment is deeply analyzed. By analyzing indicators such as changes in signal strength and signal occupancy time at different locations in different time periods, the user's demand preferences for different types of wireless communication signals are determined, thereby providing a basis for adjusting the signal source; User feedback terminals with touch screens are installed in prominent locations such as emergency telephone booths and service areas in the tunnel. Users can conveniently select the type of communication service they currently need on these terminals, such as voice calls, data transmission, video conferencing and other options, evaluate the current signal quality and put forward specific requirements. The feedback terminal transmits the user's feedback information to the system control center in real time through the dedicated network in the tunnel. The software system of the control center will classify and organize the feedback information and analyze the data, and adjust the transmission parameters of the signal source in time according to the concentrated needs of user feedback to ensure that the actual needs of users are met; The data sharing partnership established with telecom operators allows for the acquisition of detailed communication usage data of users in the tunnel vicinity through dedicated data interfaces, including information such as user package types, commonly used services, and network traffic distribution. Big data analysis techniques are used to conduct in-depth mining of these data to analyze the specific communication needs of different user groups in different scenarios. For example, based on the data provided by the operator, it is found that users in a specific industry often use a specific frequency band for professional data transmission near the tunnel. The signal source can then accurately enhance the signal coverage of the frequency band for the group's activity area and time period to meet their special needs.

[0023] The signal source is installed at the tunnel entrance or at a suitable location inside the tunnel to ensure that the signal can effectively cover the entire tunnel. The specific process of determining the appropriate location is as follows: Use laser scanning technology to build a three-dimensional model of the tunnel, accurately obtain the specific parameters of the tunnel's shape, length, width, height, and special areas such as bends and forks, and use signal simulation software to simulate the emission effects of signal sources at different locations based on the three-dimensional model of the tunnel and combined with wireless signal propagation theory; input the power and frequency band parameters of the signal source, and the signal simulation software predicts the signal strength distribution, coverage range, and possible blind spots at various locations in the tunnel. By simulating signal sources at different locations multiple times, determine the approximate location range that can achieve the best coverage effect; Collect the structural data of different tunnels, the signal source installation location data and the corresponding signal coverage effect data, build a machine learning data set, and use machine learning algorithms such as neural networks and genetic algorithms to train the data set. The trained model can automatically predict the optimal installation location of the signal source based on the structural parameters of the new tunnel. In actual applications, the 3D model data of the new tunnel is input into the trained model, and the model will output one or more possible signal source installation location suggestions; the location suggestions output by the model are actually verified, and the model is further optimized based on the verification results to improve the accuracy of location determination.

[0024] The signal transmission network is used to stably transmit signals using optical fiber as the medium, and to enhance signal strength and coverage through amplifiers and repeaters; Optical fiber is used as the main signal transmission medium, which has the advantages of fast transmission speed, low loss, and strong anti-interference ability. The optical fiber is laid in the tunnel wall, which does not affect the structure and appearance of the tunnel and can ensure the stable transmission of the signal. During the signal transmission process, multiple signal amplifiers and repeaters are set at different locations in the tunnel to enhance the signal strength and coverage, and ensure that the signal will not be attenuated or interrupted during the transmission process. The specific process is as follows: Select multiple test points at equal intervals in the tunnel and use signal detection equipment to measure the initial signal strength at different locations. The signal strength is expressed in power, in watts (W) or milliwatts (mW). Based on the measurement results, determine the areas with weak signals and locations where signal attenuation may be greater, including areas far from the signal source and bends. When the signal is transmitted in the optical fiber, it will attenuate as the distance increases. The degree of attenuation is expressed by the formula: ,in The transmission distance is The signal power at is the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber; According to the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber and the power parameters of the signal source, a theoretical calculation is performed. It is known that the signal source power is The transmission loss of optical fiber is mainly determined by the attenuation coefficient Determine, assuming the tunnel length is , then in the absence of amplifiers and repeaters, the power of the signal transmitted to the end of the tunnel is ; Considering the length and shape of the tunnel, we can calculate the interval where amplifiers and repeaters need to be set up. Generally speaking, when the signal power attenuates to a certain extent, such as being lower than a certain percentage of the initial power (e.g. 50%), we need to consider setting up amplifiers or repeaters. When the transmission distance is calculated, determine whether an amplifier or repeater may be required near this distance; Using the signal transmission simulation software, input tunnel parameters (length , shape, etc.), fiber characteristics (attenuation coefficient etc.) and signal source information (power etc.), simulate the transmission process of the signal in the tunnel, and observe the change of signal strength by adjusting the position of the amplifier and repeater. Assume that the gains of the amplifier and repeater are and After an amplifier or repeater is installed at a certain location, the signal power becomes For or , determine the position combination that can achieve the best signal coverage and avoid attenuation interruption, so that the signal strength in the entire tunnel can meet the requirements.

[0025] The antenna distribution module is used to reasonably arrange directional antennas in the tunnel to ensure uniform signal coverage and seamless coverage in special areas and avoid being blocked by obstacles; Multiple directional antennas are installed in the tunnel. These antennas are reasonably arranged according to the shape and size of the tunnel to ensure that the signal can evenly cover the entire tunnel. The specific process is as follows: Based on the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, the detailed parameters such as the length, width, height of the tunnel, the curvature radius of the curve, the angle and size of the fork are obtained. At the same time, the distribution of obstacles in the tunnel that may affect signal propagation, such as ventilation equipment, cable trays, etc., are recorded, the geometric characteristics of the tunnel are analyzed, and the key areas and difficult areas of signal coverage are determined, such as long straight tunnel sections, curves, and near forks. Based on the technical parameters of the directional antenna (such as directivity, gain, working frequency band, etc.) and the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, professional electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate signal propagation. By inputting the antenna's position, angle, power and other parameters, the software predicts the signal strength distribution at various locations in the tunnel. By adjusting the position, angle, and number of antennas, observe the changes in signal strength in the tunnel. Find the optimal layout that can achieve uniform signal coverage and ensure that the signal strength meets the design requirements throughout the tunnel. Use the following formula to estimate the signal strength: ,in is the received signal power, is the transmitted signal power, and are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively. is the signal wavelength, is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; According to the results of signal propagation simulation and the actual situation of the tunnel, the installation position and angle of the directional antenna are preliminarily determined. In the long straight tunnel section, the antennas are arranged at equal intervals to ensure the continuity of the signal. For curves, the density of antennas is increased or the angle of the antenna is adjusted on the inside of the curve to compensate for the attenuation of the signal. Near the fork, the antenna can be reasonably arranged according to the shape and flow direction of the fork to ensure that the signal can seamlessly cover all directions.

[0026] Directional antennas have the characteristics of strong directivity and high gain, which can effectively improve the coverage and strength of the signal. Choose a suitable installation method, such as wall-mounted, ceiling-mounted, etc. At the same time, ensure that the antenna is installed firmly and reliably and can withstand the vibration and airflow in the tunnel; after the preliminary layout is completed, conduct on-site signal testing, use signal testing equipment, measure signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio and other parameters at different locations in the tunnel, and compare them with the design requirements; According to the test results, the antenna layout is optimized and adjusted. If the signal strength in some areas is insufficient, the number of antennas is increased, the angle or position of the antenna is adjusted, or a higher gain antenna is replaced. If there is signal interference or blind spots, the antenna directionality is adjusted or a filter is added to improve the situation. Repeat the field test and optimization until the signal is evenly covered in the entire tunnel and meets the design requirements. At the same time, the final antenna layout plan and parameters are recorded for subsequent maintenance and management.

[0027] The monitoring module is used to monitor and manage the entire system in real time, monitor parameters, automatically adjust and optimize, and issue alarms and troubleshoot in case of failure; The monitoring module monitors and manages the entire wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in real time. The monitoring module evaluates the communication effect of the system by monitoring status parameters, determines whether it meets the standards, and automatically adjusts and optimizes according to actual conditions. The status parameters include: Signal strength: measured in dBm (decibel milliwatts), reflecting the power of the signal. It is measured at different locations in the tunnel, and the average value or the minimum value at a specific key location is taken as the monitoring value; Signal-to-noise ratio: measured in decibels (dB), measuring the ratio of signal to noise. A higher signal-to-noise ratio indicates better communication quality; Bit error rate: indicates the proportion of erroneous bits in the transmission process, and is an important indicator for measuring the reliability of data transmission; Data transmission rate: measured in Mbps (megabits per second) or Gbps (gigabits per second), reflecting the data transmission capacity of the system; Equipment operating temperature: measured in degrees Celsius (°C), monitoring the operating temperature of the signal source, amplifier, repeater, and antenna equipment, and calculating the temperature average; Equipment operating current and voltage: measured in amperes (A) and volts (V), monitoring the power supply of the equipment; A weight coefficient is determined for each state parameter. The size of the weight coefficient reflects the importance of the parameter to the communication effect. Then, the value of each state parameter is multiplied by its corresponding weight coefficient. Finally, all the products are added together to get the comprehensive value. Specifically: the weight of signal strength is w1, the weight of signal-to-noise ratio is w2, the weight of bit error rate is w3, the weight of data transmission rate is w4, the weight of equipment operating temperature is w5, and the weight of equipment operating current and voltage is w6. The comprehensive value can be expressed as S through the formula: S=w1×xq+w2×xz+w3×wq+w4×cs+w5×sg+w6×ly, where xq, xz, wq, cs, sg, and ly are signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, data transmission rate, equipment operating temperature, equipment operating current, and voltage, respectively. The obtained comprehensive value S is compared with the preset standard value T. , then the system communication effect is judged to be up to standard; otherwise, the system communication effect is judged to be not up to standard; When determining the standard value T, the standard value T can be determined by analyzing the system design requirements, historical data and actual test results, combined with the needs and expectations of users. At the same time, as the system operation and environment change, the standard value T can be continuously adjusted and optimized to ensure that the system always maintains a good communication effect. When it is determined that the system communication effect does not meet the standard, all state parameters are retrospectively analyzed to determine the state parameters that do not meet the standard. When the signal strength does not meet the standard, check and adjust the signal source power, adjust the antenna position and direction, and remove obstacles on the signal transmission path; when the signal-to-noise ratio does not meet the standard, reduce noise interference, such as shielding and filtering, improve signal quality, change modulation and coding technology, and adjust antenna directivity; when the bit error rate does not meet the standard, increase signal redundancy and adopt error correction coding, optimize the receiving end signal processing algorithm, and check the device connection and grounding; when the data transmission rate does not meet the standard, increase the bandwidth, such as upgrading the equipment or changing the signal source frequency, optimize the data transmission protocol, and adjust the device configuration parameters; when the operating temperature of the equipment exceeds the standard, check the heat dissipation, clean or add heat dissipation equipment, and adjust the working environment, such as ventilation and cooling, install temperature sensors and automatic cooling; when the operating current and voltage of the equipment do not meet the standard, ensure stable power supply, take voltage stabilization and filtering measures, optimize power consumption management, reduce equipment power consumption, check the connection lines, and replace or repair the problem lines in time.

[0028] When a system failure occurs, the monitoring module can promptly issue an alarm and automatically take corresponding troubleshooting measures to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. Wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in tunnel environment, characterized by: include: Signal source, used to provide high-power, multi-band wireless signals to meet the needs of different users and ensure effective coverage of tunnels; Using high-power, multi-band wireless signal transmitter as the signal source, it can transmit multiple wireless communication signals at the same time to meet the needs of different users; The signal source is installed at the tunnel entrance or at a suitable location inside the tunnel to ensure that the signal can effectively cover the entire tunnel; Signal transmission network, used to stably transmit signals using optical fiber as the medium, and to enhance signal strength and coverage through amplifiers and repeaters; Optical fiber is used as the signal transmission medium and is laid inside the tunnel wall; During signal transmission, multiple signal amplifiers and repeaters are set up at different locations in the tunnel to enhance the signal strength and coverage; Antenna distribution module, which is used to reasonably arrange directional antennas in the tunnel to ensure uniform signal coverage and seamless coverage in the specified area and avoid being blocked by obstacles; Monitoring module, used to monitor and manage the entire system in real time, monitor parameters, automatically adjust and optimize, and issue alarms and troubleshoot faults in case of failure; The monitoring module monitors and manages the entire wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in real time. The monitoring module evaluates the communication effect of the system by monitoring status parameters, determines whether it meets the standards, and automatically adjusts and optimizes according to actual conditions. When a system failure occurs, the monitoring module can promptly issue an alarm and automatically take corresponding troubleshooting measures to ensure the stable operation of the system.

2. The wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of the signal source meeting the needs of different users is as follows: Spectrum analyzer monitoring equipment is installed at the tunnel entrance and inside the tunnel to monitor the types and frequencies of various wireless communication signals in the area in real time; Analyze the signal strength changes and occupancy time indicators at different time periods and locations to determine user demand preferences and provide a basis for signal source adjustment; User feedback terminals are installed in emergency telephone booths and service areas in the tunnel. Users select the type of communication service, evaluate the signal quality and put forward their requirements. The feedback information is transmitted to the system control center for classification and data analysis to adjust the signal source transmission parameters to meet actual needs. Cooperate with telecom operators to obtain communication usage data of users around the tunnel through data interfaces, use big data to analyze the communication needs of different user groups, and accurately enhance frequency band signal coverage according to group activity areas and time periods.

3. The wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific operation steps for installing the signal source at the tunnel entrance or at a suitable position in the tunnel are as follows: Use laser scanning technology to build a three-dimensional model of the tunnel, combine it with wireless signal propagation theory, and use signal simulation software to simulate the emission effects of signal sources at different locations to determine the optimal coverage range; At the same time, data from different tunnels are collected to build a machine learning data set, and the model is trained using a machine learning algorithm to automatically predict the optimal installation location of the signal source based on the structural parameters of the new tunnel; Conduct real-world validation of model output location suggestions and optimize the model to improve accuracy.

4. The wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The specific operation steps of setting up multiple signal amplifiers and repeaters at different locations in the tunnel in the signal transmission network are as follows: Select multiple test points at equal intervals in the tunnel and use signal detection equipment to measure the initial signal strength at different locations. , signal strength is expressed in power; According to the measurement results, determine the area where the signal strength is lower than the preset standard and the location where the signal attenuation is greater than the preset threshold, including the area where the distance from the signal source is greater than the preset distance and the bend. When the signal is transmitted in the optical fiber, it will attenuate as the distance increases. The attenuation degree is expressed by the formula: ,in The transmission distance is The signal power at is the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber; According to the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber and the power parameters of the signal source, a theoretical calculation is performed. It is known that the signal source power is , the transmission loss of optical fiber is determined by the attenuation coefficient It is decided to record the tunnel length as , then in the absence of amplifiers and repeaters, the power of the signal transmitted to the end of the tunnel is ; Combined with the length and shape of the tunnel, the location interval where amplifiers and repeaters need to be set up is calculated. When the signal power attenuates to a certain extent, including a preset ratio below the initial power, an amplifier or repeater needs to be set up, that is, when Calculate the transmission distance at this time , determine that an amplifier or repeater needs to be set up near this distance; Using signal transmission simulation software, input tunnel parameters, fiber characteristics and signal source information to simulate the signal transmission process in the tunnel. By adjusting the positions of amplifiers and repeaters, the changes in signal strength are analyzed and the gains of amplifiers and repeaters are recorded as and After an amplifier or repeater is installed at a certain location, the signal power becomes For or , determine the position combination that can achieve the best signal coverage and avoid attenuation interruption, so that the signal strength in the entire tunnel can meet the requirements.

5. The wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the antenna distribution module to reasonably arrange directional antennas in the tunnel are as follows: Multiple directional antennas are installed in the tunnel. The directional antennas are reasonably arranged according to the shape and size of the tunnel. The specific process is as follows: Based on the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, the length, width, height, curvature radius of the curve, angle and size of the fork are obtained. At the same time, the distribution of obstacles that affect signal propagation in the tunnel is recorded, including ventilation equipment and cable trays; Analyze the geometric characteristics of the tunnel to determine the key areas and difficult areas of signal coverage, including long straight tunnel sections, bends, and forks; Based on the technical parameters of the directional antenna and the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, professional electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate signal propagation. The position, angle, and power parameters of the antenna are input, and the software predicts the signal strength distribution at various locations in the tunnel. By adjusting the position, angle and number of antennas, observe the changes in signal strength in the tunnel; find the optimal layout solution that can achieve uniform signal coverage to ensure that the signal strength meets the design requirements throughout the tunnel; Use the following formula to estimate signal strength: ,in is the received signal power, is the transmitted signal power, and are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively. is the signal wavelength, is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; Based on the results of signal propagation simulation and the actual situation of the tunnel, the installation position and angle of the directional antenna were preliminarily determined, and the antennas were arranged at equal intervals in the long straight tunnel section to ensure signal continuity; For bends, increase the density of antennas or adjust the angle of antennas on the inside of the bend to compensate for signal attenuation; Near the fork, arrange the antennas reasonably according to the shape and flow direction of the fork to ensure that the signal can seamlessly cover all directions; Choose the installation method, including wall-mounted and ceiling-mounted. At the same time, ensure that the antenna is firmly installed and can withstand the vibration and airflow in the tunnel; After the preliminary layout is completed, conduct on-site signal testing, use signal testing equipment to measure signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio parameters at different locations in the tunnel, and compare them with design requirements; Optimize and adjust the antenna layout based on the test results. If the signal strength in some areas is insufficient, increase the number of antennas, adjust the angle or position of the antennas, or replace antennas with higher gain. When there is signal interference or blind spots, it can be improved by adjusting the antenna's directivity or adding filters; Repeat field testing and optimization until the signal achieves uniform coverage throughout the tunnel and meets the design requirements. At the same time, record the final antenna layout plan and parameters for subsequent maintenance and management.

6. The wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring module evaluates the communication effect of the system by monitoring the status parameters, determines whether it meets the standards, and automatically adjusts and optimizes according to the actual situation. The specific operation steps are as follows: The status parameters include: Signal strength: measured in decibel milliwatts, reflecting the power of the signal. It is measured at different locations in the tunnel and the average value is taken as the monitoring value; Signal-to-noise ratio: A measure of the ratio of signal to noise in decibels; Bit error rate: indicates the proportion of erroneous bits in the transmission process and is an important indicator for measuring the reliability of data transmission; Data transmission rate: measured in megabits per second or gigabits per second, reflecting the data transmission capacity of the system; Equipment operating temperature: Monitor the operating temperature of signal sources, amplifiers, repeaters, and antenna equipment in degrees Celsius, and calculate the average temperature; Equipment operating current and voltage: Monitor the power supply of the equipment in amperes and volts; A weight coefficient is determined for each state parameter. The size of the weight coefficient reflects the importance of the parameter to the communication effect. Then, the value of each state parameter is multiplied by its corresponding weight coefficient. Finally, all the products are added together to get the comprehensive value. Specifically: the weight of signal strength is w1, the weight of signal-to-noise ratio is w2, the weight of bit error rate is w3, the weight of data transmission rate is w4, the weight of equipment operating temperature is w5, and the weight of equipment operating current and voltage is w6. The comprehensive value S is calculated by the formula: S=w1×xq+w2×xz+w3×wq+w4×cs+w5×sg+w6×ly, where xq, xz, wq, cs, sg, and ly are signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, data transmission rate, equipment operating temperature, equipment operating current, and voltage, respectively. The obtained comprehensive value S is compared with the preset standard value T. , then the system communication effect is judged to be up to standard; otherwise, the system communication effect is judged to be not up to standard, and the communication effect is optimized in a targeted manner; When determining the target value T, we analyze the system design requirements, historical data and actual test results, combined with user needs and expectations. At the same time, as the system operation and environment changes, we continuously adjust and optimize the target value T to ensure that the system always maintains good communication effects.

7. The wireless signal coverage indoor distribution system in a tunnel environment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the monitoring module to optimize the communication effect are as follows: When it is determined that the system communication effect does not meet the standard, all state parameters are retrospectively analyzed to determine the state parameters that do not meet the standard; If the signal strength does not meet the standard, check and adjust the signal source power, adjust the antenna position and direction, and remove obstacles on the signal transmission path; When the signal-to-noise ratio does not meet the standard, reduce noise interference, including shielding, filtering, improving signal quality, changing modulation and coding technology, and adjusting antenna directivity; When the bit error rate does not meet the standard, increase signal redundancy and use error correction coding, optimize the signal processing algorithm at the receiving end, and check the device connection and grounding conditions; When the data transmission rate does not meet the standard, increase the bandwidth, including upgrading the equipment or changing the signal source frequency, optimizing the data transmission protocol, and adjusting the equipment configuration parameters; When the operating temperature of the equipment exceeds the standard, check the heat dissipation, clean or add heat dissipation equipment, adjust the working environment, ventilate and cool down, install temperature sensors and automatically cool down; When the operating current and voltage of the equipment do not meet the standards, ensure a stable power supply, take voltage stabilization and filtering measures, optimize power consumption management, reduce equipment power consumption, check the connection lines, and replace or repair the problem lines in a timely manner.

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