Stachys sieboldii planting method and inter-ridge crop harvesting device

Abstract

The invention discloses a stachys sieboldii planting method and an inter-ridge crop harvesting device. The stachys sieboldii planting method comprises the steps of land selection, ridging and base fertilizer application and further comprises the following steps of first crop planting, stachys sieboldii planting, harvesting and soil covering, specifically, in the earlier stage of stachys sieboldii tuber expansion, the first crop is harvested, and meanwhile the two sides of ridges are covered with soil; planting the second crop, and harvesting the stachys sieboldii and the second crop. The ridge side is covered with the smashed straw of the first crop, so that a layer of protective film is formed, and the water loss speed in the ridge is slowed down. The size of the ridges is increased by covering the two sides of the ridges with soil, so that the growth expansion space of the stachys sieboldii tubers is increased, and the yield and quality of the stachys sieboldii are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grass silkworm planting, and in particular relates to a grass silkworm planting method and a ridge crop harvesting device. Background Art

[0002] Grass silkworm is also known as pagoda vegetable, screw vegetable, nectar, ground silkworm, silver bar, etc. Grass silkworm planting process can be divided into single planting and interplanting. Single planting will reduce the final profit. Therefore, in order to make full use of land resources and increase income, farmers often use interplanting to plant grass silkworm. When interplanting, they generally choose according to the planting and maturity time of suitable crops between ridges. Usually the first crop is mostly short-stalked crops such as wheat and broad beans, or tall-stalked crops such as early-maturing corn. After the stalk crops are harvested, the second crop is planted between the ridges. The second crop Crops are mostly leafy vegetables such as cabbage, kale, spinach, coriander, or root vegetables such as carrots and radishes. However, due to the problem of intercropping, crops between ridges are usually harvested or sown manually, which is labor-intensive and inefficient. Intercropping will disperse the supply of soil nutrients, which can easily lead to insufficient supply of nutrients needed for the growth of grass silkworms and reduce yields. At the same time, covering the sides of the ridges with soil during the tuber swelling period usually requires manual covering, and the temperature is high during the covering period and water is easily lost, resulting in a lack of water for the growth of the grass silkworms. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a grass silkworm planting method and an inter-ridge crop harvesting device to address the problem that when the grass silkworms are harvesting inter-ridge crops, they need to manually cover the soil on both sides of the ridges. The temperature is high during the soil covering period and water is easily lost, resulting in a lack of water for the growth of the grass silkworms.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

[0005] A method for planting grass silkworms, comprising selecting a site, forming ridges, applying base fertilizer, and further comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S30. Planting the first crop: During the sowing period, the first crop is planted between ridges;

[0007] Step S40. Planting of grass silkworms: During the inter-ridge planting of the first crop, the tubers of grass silkworms are planted on the ridges in a planting method of a single tuber per hole;

[0008] Step S50. Harvesting and covering with soil: In the early stage of tuber expansion of the grass silkworm, the first crop is harvested and soil is covered on both sides of the ridge at the same time, the covering height is not less than the ridge height, and the crushed straw of the first dwarf crop is laid on the side of the ridge covered with soil;

[0009] Step S60. Planting the second crop: immediately after the first crop is harvested, the seeds of the second crop are planted between the ridges mechanically or manually;

[0010] Step S70. Harvesting of grass silkworms and second crops: During the grass silkworm harvest period, grass silkworms and second crops are harvested.

[0011] A ridge crop harvesting device, comprising:

[0012] A machine body, a harvesting component, a covering component and a covering component, wherein wheels are arranged on both sides of the machine body, and the wheels drive the machine body to reciprocate between the ridges along the sides of the ridges; the harvesting component is arranged at one end of the machine body, and is used to harvest the first crop of crops that mature between the ridges; the covering component comprises a loosening roller, a conveying plate and a scraper, wherein the loosening roller is arranged at one end of the machine body, and is used to loosen the soil between the ridges; one end of the conveying plate is arranged behind the loosening roller, passes through the bottom of the machine body, and is connected to the side wall of the machine body, and the other end of the conveying plate extends out of both sides of the machine body; the scraper is arranged on both sides of the machine body and is located behind the conveying plate extending out of one end of the machine body; the covering component comprises a rod-type transmission member and a rod-type laying member, wherein one end of the rod-type transmission member is arranged behind the harvesting component, and the other end extends out of both sides of the machine body and is located behind the scraper, and the rod-type laying member is connected to one end of the rod-type transmission member away from the harvesting component, and is used to change the laying direction.

[0013] Preferably, the conveying plate includes a scraping plate and a transport belt, the scraping plate is slidably connected to the machine body and can slide up and down in the vertical direction, one end of the transport belt is arranged at the end of the scraping plate away from the loosening roller, and the other end of the transport belt extends out from both sides of the machine body adjacent to the loosening roller.

[0014] Preferably, a driving wheel and a driven wheel are provided at both ends of the transport belt, both ends of the driven wheel are connected to both ends of the scraper plate, the driving wheel is rotatably connected to the machine body, and the height of the driving wheel from the ground is greater than the height of the driven wheel from the ground.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a seedling supporting component, which is arranged on both sides of the machine body and moves with the machine body, and is used to straighten the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm on the ridge side from a crawling state to a standing state.

[0016] Preferably, the seedling supporting assembly includes an insertion plate, a transition plate and a straightening plate, one side of the insertion plate, the transition plate and the straightening plate are hinged on the side wall of the machine body, and the other side is inclined upward; one end of the insertion plate extends out of the end of the machine body close to the loosening roller, and can extend into the gap between the ridge side and the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm; one end of the transition plate is fixedly connected to the end of the insertion plate away from the loosening roller, one end of the straightening plate is connected to the end of the transition plate away from the insertion plate, and the other end extends out of the end of the machine body away from the loosening roller.

[0017] Preferably, the scraper includes a scraping part and a pressing part, one end of the scraping part is hinged to the side wall of the body, and can rotate up and down in a vertical direction along the hinge; the pressing part and the side of the scraping part close to the bottom of the ridge are at an angle of 90° to 180°, and can slide up and down along the scraping part.

[0018] Preferably, the rod-type transmission component includes a first guide plate, a first conveyor belt and a second guide plate, one end of the first guide plate is arranged below the harvesting component and connected to the machine body; the first conveyor belt is arranged at an end of the first guide plate away from the harvesting component and is transmission-connected to the harvesting component; the second guide plate is arranged at an end of the first conveyor belt away from the first guide plate, and an end of the second guide plate away from the first conveyor belt is connected to the rod-type laying component.

[0019] Preferably, the rod-type laying member includes a second conveyor belt and a third guide plate, the second conveyor belt is arranged at one end of the second guide plate, and forms an angle of 0° to 90° with the extension direction of the first conveyor belt, and the third guide plate is obliquely arranged at one end of the second conveyor belt away from the second guide plate, extends out of the side wall of the machine body, and is connected to the side wall.

[0020] Preferably, it further comprises a sowing assembly, which is arranged at one end of the machine body away from the harvesting assembly and is used for sowing a second crop.

[0021] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. By using mechanical harvesting of inter-row crops, the labor efficiency in the intercropping production model of grass silkworms is effectively improved, solving the problems of high labor intensity, low recycling rate of intercropped crop straw and the need for mechanized sowing of the second crop.

[0023] 2. By crushing the straw of the first crop or covering it on the side of the ridge as a whole, a protective layer is formed, thereby reducing the water loss of the soil in the ridge in the later stage of growth, improving the water-saving efficiency and the resource utilization efficiency of field waste, and helping to increase the soil organic matter content.

[0024] 3. The volume of the ridge is increased by covering the soil on both sides of the ridge, thereby increasing the space for the growth and expansion of the tubers of the grass silkworm, thereby improving the product yield and quality of the grass silkworm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the inter-ridge crop harvesting device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a partial schematic diagram of the inter-ridge crop harvesting device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the covering assembly and conveying plate of the inter-ridge crop harvesting device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a scraper of the inter-ridge crop harvesting device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seedling supporting assembly of the inter-ridge crop harvesting device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Among them: body 100, wheels 110, seedling supporting assembly 200, extension plate 210, transition plate 220, straightening plate 230, soil covering assembly 300, loosening roller 310, conveying plate 320, shovel plate 321, conveying belt 322, active rotating wheel 323, driven rotating wheel 324, scraper 330, leveling part 331, pressing part 332, covering assembly 400, rod transmission part 410, first guide plate 411, first conveyor belt 412, second guide plate 413, rod laying part 420, second conveyor belt 421, third guide plate 422, sowing assembly 500, harvesting assembly 600. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thoroughly and comprehensively understood.

[0032] It should be noted that when a device is considered to be "connected" to another device, it may be directly connected to the other device or there may be an intermediate device at the same time. The terms "inside", "top", "upper", "lower", "upper", "lower" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0034] The present application provides a method for growing grass silkworms, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step S10. Selecting a site for ridge formation: Selecting a sunny site with a deep soil layer, loose soil, and low groundwater level fertile soil; turning the soil to form ridges with a ridge width of 0.8 to 1.2 meters, a ridge height of 0.15 to 0.25 meters, and a ridge furrow width of 0.7 to 2 meters;

[0036] Step S20: Applying basal fertilizer: turning the basal fertilizer into the ridges made in step S10;

[0037] Specifically, the grass silkworm is a short-day perennial herb that likes moisture but is afraid of waterlogging, likes warmth but is not resistant to high temperatures. It is advisable to plant it in sandy loam with a deep soil layer, rich in organic matter, loose, fertile, and well-drained. It is not suitable to be planted in clay and continuous cropping is avoided. The aboveground part of the grass silkworm dies in case of frost, but the underground tubers are highly cold-resistant and can naturally overwinter in the soil. They begin to germinate when the soil temperature stabilizes above 8°C. The suitable temperature for the vigorous growth period of the aboveground part is 20°C to 24°C. Starting in early July, vegetative growth switches to reproductive growth, the plant blooms, and underground runners grow. In September, the growth of the aboveground part slows down, and the tips of the runners begin to swell to form tubers. In early to mid-October, the tubers have fully grown, and the aboveground part dies in case of frost.

[0038] Base fertilizer can generally be combined with the autumn tillage of the previous year 2 Spread 22500-30000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 750kg of superphosphate or 300kg of diammonium phosphate, turn the soil mechanically to 0.25-0.30m, and then irrigate with sufficient winter water. 2 Spread 750-900 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) triple compound fertilizer and 1200-1500 kg of biological organic fertilizer.

[0039] Step S30. Planting the first crop: During the planting period, the seeds of the first crop are sown mechanically or manually between the ridges; the first crop in this application takes wheat as an example, and the stalk crops can also be short-stalk crops such as broad beans and peas, or tall-stalk crops such as early-maturing corn.

[0040] Sow spring wheat in furrows between ridges (planting period: March). Select spring wheat varieties such as Ningchun 4 and Ningchun 50, which are compact, disease-resistant and high-yielding. The row spacing is 0.15-0.2 meters, and 2 to 10 rows are sown. The sowing rate is 300kg / hm 2 Up to 330kg / hm 2 (When intercropping beans, peas and other legumes, start sowing beans or peas between the ridges in mid-to-late March. The broad bean varieties can be Qinghai No. 3, Qinghai large broad beans, etc., with a sowing rate of 135kg / hm 2 Up to 165kg / hm 2 , row spacing is 0.2 meters, plant spacing is adjustable, sow 1 seed per hole, sowing depth is 0.05 meters to 0.06 meters, sow 2-9 rows; pea varieties can be selected, such as Zhongwan No. 2 and Zhongwan No. 4, sowing rate is 120kg / hm 2 Up to 150kg / hm 2 , sow 2 to 4 seeds in each hole, sowing depth is about 0.05 meters, row spacing is 0.15 meters to 0.2 meters, plant spacing can be adjusted, sow 2-10 rows).

[0041] Step S40. Planting of grass silkworm: During the inter-ridge planting of the first crop in March, the tubers (seeds) of grass silkworm are planted on the ridges, with a single tuber planted in each hole;

[0042] The main method of planting grass silkworms is to use tubers for asexual reproduction. In the first year, the seed fields are not harvested in autumn and winter, and the tubers are left in the ground for natural winter storage. The tubers are harvested for planting after the soil thaws in the spring of the following year. Generally, plots with no virus diseases or root rot in the field that year, good plant growth, and uniformity are selected for seed preservation. Normal management such as winter irrigation is adopted in the field. Seeds are collected in the spring of the following year after the soil thaws and before the tubers germinate. In early and mid-March, when the soil temperature is above 8°C, ridge sowing begins. 3 to 4 rows are planted on the ridge surface, with an average row spacing of 0.25 meters to 0.30 meters and a plant spacing of about 0.20 meters. Holes are opened for sowing, with a hole depth of 0.05 meters to 0.07 meters. Each hole is planted with a tuber of uniform size, disease-free, uninjured, and strong, with an average grain weight of 4 grams to 5.5 grams, and covered with soil after sowing. (If some tubers of the seed source have rotted during winter storage, 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder or 50% carbendazim (the dosage is about 0.2% of the tuber weight) can be used for rapid treatment before sowing. The sowing rate is 450kg / hm 2 Up to 825kg / hm 2 ).

[0043] Step S50. Harvesting and covering with soil: In the early stage of tuber expansion of the grass silkworm, the first crop is harvested mechanically or manually, and soil is covered on both sides of the ridge at the same time. The height of the covering soil is not less than the height of the ridge, and the crushed straw of the first crop of short-stalked crops is laid on the side of the ridge where the covering soil is completed;

[0044] Wheat is generally harvested in early July (the early stage of tuber enlargement of grass silkworm). Intercropped wheat can be harvested mechanically with a smaller harvester or manually. Manually harvested wheat requires secondary processing, and both the wheat ears and straw need to be transported out of the field. In order to improve efficiency and make full use of the wheat straw, mechanical harvesting is used. The wheat ears are collected mechanically and the crushed wheat straw is piled on the side of the ridge after the soil is covered.

[0045] At the same time, the growth of underground runners and tubers is limited by the fixed volume of the ridges, which limits the space for further growth and expansion. By manually lifting the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm on both sides of the ridges, and using machinery to take soil from the ridge ditch and cover the two sides of the ridges, the volume of the ridges is increased, so that the growth space of the underground runners and tubers of the grass silkworm is increased, so that they continue to grow and expand on both sides of the ridges, thereby improving the yield and quality of the grass silkworm. After the soil covering is completed, the crushed straw of the first crop is covered on the side of the ridge to form a protective layer, thereby reducing the water loss of the soil in the ridge in the late growth period, improving the water-saving efficiency and the resource utilization efficiency of field waste, and helping to increase the content of soil organic matter.

[0046] During the planting period, it is necessary to strengthen the field management of fertilizer and water. When using furrow irrigation, take advantage of soil moisture. In early and mid-April, grass silkworms and interplanted wheat and broad beans will gradually germinate and emerge from the soil. Combined with the first irrigation of wheat, apply 225kg / hm2 of fertilizer with water. 2 Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 15: 15: 15) three-element compound fertilizer. After irrigating 4-5 times, harvest wheat and other interplanted crops in early to mid-July after they mature. Add one more irrigation in mid-July. Avoid heavy irrigation after entering the dog days to prevent seedling death. Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 20: 10: 20) three-element compound fertilizer 180kg / hm 2 Up to 225kg / hm 2 In mid-August, when the underground runners of the grass silkworm are in the vigorous growth period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 20: 10: 20) triple compound fertilizer 225 to 300 kg / hm 2 In early September, when underground tubers are expanding, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 15: 15: 15) compound fertilizer 225 to 300 kg / hm2 with water. 2. Manual weeding and weeding should be carried out 2 to 3 times in the seedling stage, and 1 to 2 times in the vigorous growth period after July. If drip irrigation is used, the total amount of fertilizer remains basically unchanged, and the method is to drip irrigation with water for multiple times and small amounts, and the amount of fertilizer is controlled at 1hm 2 Each time, about 75kg to 90kg. Attention should be paid to controlling the vigor of the plant and coordinating the growth of the aboveground and underground parts.

[0047] Step S60. Planting the second crop: immediately after the first crop is harvested, the seeds of the second crop are planted between the ridges mechanically or manually;

[0048] The second crop is planted mechanically or manually. Most of the second crops are leafy vegetables such as cabbage, kale, spinach, coriander, or root vegetables such as carrots and radishes. The planting time is after the wheat harvest, which makes full use of land, light and heat resources and increases profits.

[0049] Step S70. Harvesting of grass silkworms and second crops: From October to November, grass silkworms and second crops are harvested mechanically or manually, packaged, and stored in cold storage.

[0050] After the early frost comes around October, the grass silkworm plants are harvested when the aboveground part turns yellow. In ridge cultivation, sandy soil or sandy loam has a loose texture, which is very suitable for mechanized harvesting. The harvesting is better when the relative moisture content of the soil 0.1 to 0.2 meters below the ground is between 55% and 70%. The main branches of the aboveground part are manually removed and mechanically harvested in time. In order to prevent excessive friction on the grass silkworm tubers and cause epidermal damage, the existing mechanical harvesting equipment generally separates the tubers and larger clods of soil and debris through two layers of vibrating screens, and then directly leaks and spreads them on the soil surface. In order to avoid water loss, manual follow-up is required to collect and clean the tubers and bag them. In addition, under loam and clay conditions, because the soil texture is hard and easy to clump, in order to reduce epidermal damage to the tubers, it is still more suitable for manual excavation.

[0051] While harvesting inter-ridge crops in the intercropping mode of grass silkworm, the two sides of the grass silkworm ridge can be covered with soil and the crushed straw of the first crop of dwarf crops. In addition to effectively improving labor efficiency and ecological effects, covering with soil can increase the soil volume for tuber expansion, while covering with crushed straw can effectively reduce soil water loss in the late growth stage, play a role in retaining water and increasing soil organic matter content.

[0052] The present application adopts a technical solution of a method for growing grass silkworms to achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0053] 1. By using mechanical harvesting of inter-row crops, the labor efficiency in the intercropping production model of grass silkworms is effectively improved, solving the problems of high labor intensity, low recycling rate of intercropped crop straw and the need for mechanized sowing of the second crop.

[0054] 2. By crushing the straw of the first crop or covering it on the side of the ridge as a whole, a protective layer is formed, thereby reducing the water loss of the soil in the ridge in the later stage of growth, improving the water-saving efficiency and the resource utilization efficiency of field waste, and helping to increase the soil organic matter content.

[0055] 3. The volume of the ridge is increased by covering the soil on both sides of the ridge, thereby increasing the space for the growth and expansion of the tubers of the grass silkworm, thereby improving the product yield and quality of the grass silkworm.

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in further detail below.

[0057] 6 mu of land suitable for growing grass silkworms was selected as the test site, and numbered in pieces of 0.5 mu (numbered 1.2.3...11.12). The same field management was carried out on the twelve test sites (the field management was the field management mentioned above) so that the soil was in the same state and suitable for growing grass silkworms. Grass silkworms of the same variety (local farmer variety in Helan County) were selected, picked and evenly divided into 12 portions as sample seeds.

[0058] Sowing method: Generally, ridges are formed and sown in early to mid-March. Three rows are planted on the ridge surface, with an average row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm. The holes are opened and sown at a depth of 5 cm. Each hole is planted with a tuber of uniform size, disease-free, uninjured, and healthy. The average grain weight is 4.0 g. Cover the soil after sowing. If some tubers of the seed source have rotted during winter storage, 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder or 50% carbendazim (the dosage is about 0.2% of the tuber weight) can be used before sowing to quickly treat the seeds with the tidal soil dressing method before sowing, and the basic seedlings can be maintained at 120,000 plants / hm2. 2 About 600kg / hm2 2 .

[0059] Field management: Fertilizer and water management takes advantage of soil moisture. In early to mid-April, grass silkworms and interplanted wheat gradually germinate and emerge from the soil. Generally, in late April, the first irrigation is carried out, and 225kg / hm2 of water is applied with the water. 2 The wheat is harvested in time after it matures in early to mid-July. In mid-July, an additional irrigation is conducted and 180 kg / hm2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 20: 10: 20) triple compound fertilizer is applied. The second irrigation is conducted 10 days later. The third irrigation is conducted in late May after the wheat jointing. The fourth irrigation is conducted in late June. The wheat is harvested in time after it matures in early to mid-July. In mid-July, an additional irrigation is conducted and 180 kg / hm2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 20: 10: 20) triple compound fertilizer is applied. 2In mid-August, when the underground runners of the grass silkworm are in the vigorous growth period, apply 225kg / hm2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 20: 10: 20) triple compound fertilizer with water. 2 In early September, during the underground tuber expansion period, irrigate for the last time and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: P2O5: K2O = 15: 15: 15) triple compound fertilizer 225kg / hm 2 . Intertillage and weeding: Manual intertillage and weeding are carried out 3 times in the seedling stage, and manual weeding is carried out 2 times in the vigorous growth period after July (if not intercropping, irrigation and topdressing are still carried out according to the time points).

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] Three test plots 1.2.3 were selected. During the planting period, mechanical ridges were made on the test plots, and a single tuber was planted in each hole on the ridges to sow the grass silkworm (using the above-mentioned sowing method).

[0062] After sowing, field management is carried out (using the above-mentioned field management methods) until the grass silkworms are harvested at harvest time. Three random selections are made, with 100 fruits each time counted to count the number of large fruits (length greater than 5 cm and diameter greater than 1 cm), and the number of large fruits and the large fruit rate of the grass silkworms are calculated.

[0063] Embodiment 2:

[0064] Three test plots, 4.5.6, were selected. During the planting period, mechanical ridges were formed on the test plots, and wheat was planted between the ridges (pole crops that can be interplanted include broad beans, wheat, corn, etc., with wheat being the best. Wheat was used as the test sample in the embodiment). After the planting was completed, a single tuber was planted in each hole on the ridges to sow the grass silkworm.

[0065] After sowing, field management is carried out (the same field management as mentioned above is used for field management). In the early stage of tuber expansion (the early stage of tuber expansion of grass silkworm), wheat is harvested and the income is calculated. Field management continues after harvesting. Grass silkworms are harvested during the harvest period (grass silkworm harvest period), and are randomly selected three times, 100 grains each time, and the number of large fruits (length greater than 5 cm and diameter greater than 1 cm) in the grass silkworms selected each time is counted, and the number of large fruits and the large fruit rate of the grass silkworm are calculated.

[0066] Embodiment three:

[0067] Three test plots, 7, 8 and 9, were selected. During the planting period, mechanical ridges were formed on the test plots, and wheat was planted between the ridges (pole crops that can be interplanted include broad beans, wheat, corn, etc., with wheat being the best. Wheat was used as the test sample in the embodiment). After the planting was completed, a single tuber was planted in each hole on the ridges to sow the grass silkworm.

[0068] After sowing, field management is carried out (the same field management as mentioned above is also used). In the early stage of tuber expansion (the early stage of tuber expansion of grass silkworm), wheat is harvested and the income is calculated; after wheat harvesting is completed, soil is covered on both sides of the ridge by machinery, and field management is continued after covering.

[0069] The grass silkworms were harvested during the harvest period (grass silkworm harvest period) and randomly selected three times, 100 grains each time, and the number of large fruits (length greater than 5 cm and diameter greater than 1 cm) in the grass silkworms selected each time was counted, and the number of large fruits and the large fruit rate of the grass silkworms were calculated.

[0070] Embodiment 4

[0071] Three test plots, 10, 11 and 12, were selected. During the planting period, mechanical ridges were formed on the test plots, and wheat was planted between the ridges (the first crop was a pole crop, and intercropping crops included broad beans, wheat, corn, etc., with wheat being the best. Wheat was used as the test sample in the embodiment). After the planting was completed, a single tuber was planted in each hole on the ridges to sow the grass silkworm.

[0072] After sowing, field management is carried out (the same field management as mentioned above is also used for field management). In the early stage of tuber expansion (the early stage of tuber expansion of grass silkworm), the wheat is harvested and the income is calculated; after the wheat is harvested, the soil is covered on both sides of the ridge by machinery, and the second crop is planted after the soil covering is completed (the second crop includes cabbage, radish, rapeseed, etc., preferably radish, and radish is used for the experiment in this embodiment), and field management is continued after the planting is completed.

[0073] During the harvest period (grass silkworm harvest period), grass silkworms and radishes were harvested and randomly selected three times, with 100 grains each time. The number of large fruits (grass silkworms with a length greater than 5 cm and a diameter greater than 1 cm or third-level fruits and above) in the grass silkworms selected each time was counted, and the number of large fruits and the large fruit rate of the grass silkworms were calculated.

[0074]

[0075] Comparing Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4, the large fruit rate in Example 1 without intercropping is the lowest at 60.33%; in Example 2, by intercropping one crop, the large fruit rate is further improved and increased to 61.67%, but part of the plots are vacant after intercropping one crop, and relatively speaking, there is still room for improvement in economic benefits; in Example 3, while intercropping, soil is covered in the early stage of tuber expansion of grass silkworm to increase the growth space of grass silkworm and induce the grass silkworm to grow in the covered part and expand the tuber, and the large fruit rate is increased to 65.67%, and similarly, part of the plots are vacant after intercropping one crop, and relatively speaking, there is still room for improvement in economic benefits; in Example 4, by intercropping the second crop after covering the soil during the tuber expansion period, the large fruit rate is increased to 67.67%, and there is no idle land, so the benefits are maximized. Therefore, grass silkworm is intercropped and soil is covered for the second intercropping during the tuber expansion period, and the large fruit rate is the highest and the effect is the best.

[0076] See also Figures 1 to 5 Based on a method for planting grass silkworms, in order to achieve the purpose of harvesting between ridges, covering the sides of ridges and covering the sides of ridges, a ridge crop harvesting device is provided, including: a body 100, a harvesting component 600, a covering component 300 and a covering component 400, the body 100 is provided with wheels 110 on both sides, and the wheels 110 drive the body 100 to reciprocate between ridges along the sides of ridges; the harvesting component 600 is arranged at one end of the body 100, and is used to harvest the first mature crop between ridges; the covering component 300 includes a loosening roller 310, a conveying plate 320 and a scraper 330, the loosening roller 310 is arranged at one end of the body 100, and the loosening roller 310 is used to loosen the soil between ridges; one end of the conveying plate 320 The end of the conveying plate 320 is arranged behind the loosening roller 310, passes through the bottom of the body 100, and is connected to the side wall of the body 100, and the other end of the conveying plate 320 extends out of both sides of the body 100; the scraper 330 is arranged on both sides of the body 100 and is located behind one end of the conveying plate 320 extending out of the body 100; the covering assembly 400 includes a rod-type transmission member 410 and a rod-type paving member 420, one end of the rod-type transmission member 410 is arranged behind the harvesting assembly 600, and the other end extends out of both sides of the body 100 and is located behind the scraper 330, the rod-type paving member 420 is connected to one end of the rod-type transmission member 410 away from the harvesting assembly 600, and is used to change the laying direction.

[0077] Specifically, the harvesting component 600 uses but is not limited to wheat harvesters, straw cutters and other harvesting devices (only mechanical front-end harvesting and transportation equipment is required), and the soil covering component 300 uses but is not limited to tillers, tillers and other plowing machines. All driving devices are arranged in the body 100, and at least one transmission wheel and gear are arranged on the wheel 110.

[0078] The loosening roller 310 is arranged at one end of the machine body 100 for walking and corresponds to the ridge. The loosening roller 310 adopts but is not limited to a tiller. The loosening roller 310 adopts a motor or transmission method to enable it to rotate, and is connected to the wheel 110 by transmission means such as but not limited to friction wheels, belts, gears, etc.; the conveying plate 320 is arranged behind the loosening roller 310 and is inclined upward, penetrating from the bottom of the machine body 100 into the inside of the machine body 100, and both ends of the conveying plate 320 are connected to the machine body 100 by auxiliary plates, etc.; scrapers 330 are arranged on both sides of the machine body 100 and are located behind the end of the conveying plate 320. The scraper 330 moves with the machine body 100 to flatten the soil and compact it on the side of the ridge.

[0079] Both ends of the loosening roller 310 are rotatably connected to a support frame of an N-shaped structure, the support frame is slidably connected to the machine body 100, and telescopic cylinders are provided at both ends of the support frame, the side walls of the telescopic cylinders are fixedly connected to the machine body 100, and the telescopic cylinders can be telescoped up and down in the vertical direction, and the loosening roller 310 is driven to move up and down by the telescopic cylinder, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the loosening roller 310 and the adjustment of the turning depth of the soil, and the conveying plate 320 is arranged at the rear of the loosening roller 310, and is slidably connected to the machine body 100, and the conveying plate 320 is slid up and down to adjust the shoveling depth and the shoveling amount.

[0080] Furthermore, the wheels 110 bring the machine body 100 into the ridges, and the harvesting assembly 600 is turned on to harvest the wheat. The harvesting assembly 600 harvests the wheat ears and cuts off the wheat straws. The cut wheat straws are transported from the front end to the pole-type laying member 420 by the pole-type transmission member 410. At the same time, the loosening roller 310 located behind the harvesting assembly 600 loosens the soil and turns out the wheat roots and cuts them. The conveying plate 320 scoops part of the loosened soil and transports it to both sides of the machine body 100, and lays it on the side of the ridge, and then it is flattened and pressed by the scraper 330 behind the end of the conveying plate 320. At this time, the wheat straws are placed on the side of the ridge by the pole-type laying member 420, so that the side of the ridge is covered to achieve the following effects:

[0081] 1. By laying wheat straw on the side of the ridge to form a protective film to reduce direct sunlight on the soil, the evaporation rate of water in the ridge is reduced, solving the problem of rapid water loss in the ridge causing grass silkworms to lack water.

[0082] 2. By setting up the harvesting component 600, the problem of low efficiency of manual harvesting is solved, and the labor intensity is reduced at the same time; by setting up the soil covering component 300, the soil between the ridges is loosened and the roots of the wheat are turned out, which solves the problems of difficulty in taking soil and subsequent sowing, and at the same time reduces the labor intensity of manual soil covering and improves work efficiency.

[0083] 3. By providing the conveying plate 320, the soil can be transported and the height of the soil can be changed, making it easier and more convenient to cover the soil on the ridge side.

[0084] Based on the above scheme, the conveying plate 320 includes a shoveling plate 321 and a transport belt 322. The shoveling plate 321 is slidably connected to the body 100 and can slide up and down in the vertical direction. One end of the transport belt 322 is arranged at one end of the shoveling plate 321 away from the loosening roller 310, and the other end of the transport belt 322 extends out from both sides of the body 100 adjacent to the loosening roller 310.

[0085] Furthermore, a driving wheel 323 and a driven wheel 324 are provided at both ends of the transport belt 322, and both ends of the driven wheel 324 are connected to both ends of the scraper plate 321, the driving wheel 323 is rotatably connected to the machine body 100, and the height of the driving wheel 323 from the ground is greater than the height of the driven wheel 324 from the ground.

[0086] Specifically, the two ends of the shovel plate 321 are slidably connected to the machine body 100 by setting an auxiliary connecting plate, and the width of the shovel plate 321 is not greater than the width of the ridge ditch, and at the same time not greater than the width of the loosening roller 310; Solution 1: The shovel plate 321 is tilted and set on the auxiliary connecting plate, and the auxiliary connecting plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the machine body 100, and a telescopic rod is set on the auxiliary connecting plate, and the telescopic rod drives the auxiliary plate to slide up and down, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the shovel plate 321; Solution 2, the two sides of the shovel plate 321 close to one end of the loosening roller 310 are slidably connected to the auxiliary connecting plate through the telescopic rod, and the two sides of the other end of the shovel plate 321 are extended into the auxiliary connecting plate and connected with it Rotating connection, the depth of the shovel board 321 extending into the bottom of the ridge ditch is adjusted by the extension or contraction of the telescopic rod, so as to adjust the amount of soil taken; baffles are set on both sides of the transport belt 322 to prevent the phenomenon of excessive soil being scattered from both sides, and the driven wheel 324 near one end of the shovel board 321 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the body 100 in a sliding or fixed manner according to the installation method of the shovel board 321 (Scheme 1 uses a sliding connection, and Scheme 2 uses a rotating connection), and the height of the driving wheel 323 from the ground is higher than the height of the driven wheel 324 from the ground (the driving wheel 323 is driven by a motor), so as to raise the height of the soil and make transportation more convenient. A soil guide plate is set at the end of the transport belt 322 away from the shovel board 321, and the soil guide plate extends out of the side wall of the body 100 to guide the soil and cover it on the side of the ridge.

[0087] By arranging a transmission wheel at one end of the driving wheel 323, connecting the transmission wheel to the wheel 110 through a belt, and adding a speed change wheel at one end of the wheel 110 or the driving wheel 323 to adjust the rotation speed of the transport belt 322, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the layout of the motor is reduced.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, in order to prevent damage to the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm, a seedling supporting component 200 is also included. The seedling supporting component 200 is arranged on both sides of the body 100 and moves with the body 100 to straighten the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm on the ridge side from a crawling state to a standing state.

[0089] Specifically, the seedling supporting component 200 adopts but is not limited to angled structures such as arc-shaped plates and inclined plates with gradually changing angles, and the seedling supporting component 200 is arranged above the soil covering component 300. The seedling supporting component 200 extends into the gaps between the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm through the front end, and lifts the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm through the seedling supporting plate 220, away from the ridge side, thereby solving the problem of damage to the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm caused by covering with soil, pressing and covering with wheat straw.

[0090] Based on the above scheme, the seedling supporting assembly 200 includes an insertion plate 210, a transition plate 220 and a straightening plate 230, and one side of the insertion plate 210, the transition plate 220 and the straightening plate 230 are hinged on the side wall of the body 100, and the other side is inclined upward; one end of the insertion plate 210 extends out of the end of the body 100 close to the loosening roller 310, and can extend into the gap between the ridge side and the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm; one end of the transition plate 220 is fixedly connected to the end of the insertion plate 210 away from the loosening roller 310, and one end of the straightening plate 230 is connected to the end of the transition plate 220 away from the insertion plate 210, and the other end extends out of the end of the body 100 away from the loosening roller 310.

[0091] Specifically, the length of the insertion plate 210 can be adjusted according to the crawling situation of the grass silkworm, and can be extended by a detachable method such as bolts; for example, one side of the insertion plate 210 is connected to the side wall of the body 100 by means of a rotating shaft 424 or a hinge (if the rotating shaft 424 is used, a gear and a card plate are installed to fix the angle, the gears are set at both ends of the insertion plate 210, and the card plate is hinged under the rotating shaft 424, and the angle of the insertion plate 210 is controlled by the card connection; if a hinge is used, a limit hinge is used to control the insertion plate 210 and the side wall of the body 100); the straightening plate 230 and One side of the transition plate 220 is connected in the same manner as the insertion plate 210, and the transition plate 220 is arranged between the insertion plate 210 and the straightening plate 230, and the inclination height of the insertion plate 210, the transition plate 220 and the straightening plate 230 away from the side of the body 100 gradually increases, and a scraper 330 extends out from the end of the straightening plate 230 away from the transition plate 220. By gradually increasing the angle, the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm follow the angle change of the seedling supporting component 200 and gradually straighten away from the ridge side when the body 100 moves, thereby solving the problem of covering the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm when covering the soil.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the scraper 330 includes a scraping portion 331 and a pressing portion 332, one end of the scraping portion 331 is hinged to the side wall of the body 100, and can rotate up and down in a vertical direction along the hinge; the pressing portion 332 and the side of the scraping portion 331 close to the bottom of the ridge are at an angle of 90° to 180°, and can slide up and down along the scraping portion 331.

[0093] Specifically, the scraping portion 331 of the scraper 330 is perpendicular to the ridge side, a protruding ear plate is provided in the middle of one end of the scraping portion 331, a through hole is provided on the ear plate and a clamping strip is hinged at the bottom of the ear plate, a semicircular plate is provided at the corresponding position of the body 100, a plurality of teeth are provided on the circumferential side of the semicircular plate, and a plurality of circular holes are provided on the semicircular plate, the ear plate is connected to the semicircular plate by a rotating shaft or a latch, the height of the scraper 330 is adjusted by connecting different circular holes, and the scraper is adjusted by clamping the clamping strip on the teeth. The inclination angle of 330 is provided; a slide groove is provided on the side of the flattening portion 331 close to the pressing portion 332, a nut is provided on the top of the slide groove, the pressing portion 332 is configured to be L-shaped (the compaction degree can be adjusted by replacing the pressing portion 332 with different angles), and a protrusion is provided on the side close to the flattening portion 331, the protrusion is embedded in the slide groove, and the nut is penetrated by a screw rod and connected to the pressing portion 332 by a bearing, and the pressing portion 332 is slid up and down by rotating the screw rod, thereby making the operation simpler and more convenient.

[0094] In the above scheme, the rod-type transmission component 410 includes a first guide plate 411, a first conveyor belt 412 and a second guide plate 413, one end of the first guide plate 411 is arranged below the harvesting component 600 and is connected to the body 100; the first conveyor belt 412 is arranged at an end of the first guide plate 411 away from the harvesting component 600, and is transmission-connected to the harvesting component 600; the second guide plate 413 is arranged at an end of the first conveyor belt 412 away from the first guide plate 411, and the end of the second guide plate 413 away from the first conveyor belt 412 is connected to the rod-type laying component 420.

[0095] Specifically, the first guide plate 411 is fixedly connected to the body 100, and one end of the first guide plate 411 is flush with one end of the first conveyor belt 412. The first conveyor belt 412 is arranged upwardly and tilted, and the end away from the first guide plate 411 is flush with the second guide plate 413. The second guide plate 413 is horizontally arranged and arranged on one side of the pole-type paving member 420. The first guide plate 411 is used to accumulate the straw and let it enter the first conveyor belt 412. The second guide plate 413 is used to change the direction of the straw on the first conveyor belt 412 to keep it horizontal. The transportation method is simple and convenient, and easy to arrange.

[0096] Based on the above scheme, the rod-type laying member 420 includes a second conveyor belt 421 and a third guide plate 422. The second conveyor belt 421 is arranged at one end of the second guide plate 413, and forms an angle of 0° to 90° with the extension direction of the first conveyor belt 412. The third guide plate 422 is obliquely arranged at one end of the second conveyor belt 421 away from the second guide plate 413, and extends out of the side wall of the body 100 and is connected to the side wall.

[0097] Specifically, the second conveyor belt 421 is arranged vertically with the first conveyor belt 412 (the setting angle is selected according to the specific arrangement situation, and the vertical arrangement is optimal), and the second guide plate 413 is provided with a groove body, and the two ends are respectively connected to the end of the first conveyor belt 412 and one side of the starting end of the second conveyor belt 421, and the second guide plate 413 is parallel to the second conveyor belt 421 and is on the same horizontal plane. When the straw is obliquely conveyed to the second guide plate 413, the gravity of the straw changes from an inclined state to a horizontal state and falls on the second conveyor belt 421; the second conveyor belt 421 is connected to the first conveyor belt 412. The bevel gears are meshed to change the direction of rotation and realize transmission, thereby reducing the layout of motors; the third guide plate 422 is arranged at the end of the second conveyor belt 421, and the other end extends out of the body 100, and an angle of 120° to 180° is set between the third guide plate 422 and the second conveyor belt 421, and the angle of the angle is as close to the inclination angle of the ridge side as possible. When the wheat straw enters the third guide plate 422 from the second conveyor belt 421, the transportation angle is changed and the inertia and the thrust of the wheat straw behind are used to make it fly from the third guide plate 422 to the ridge side, thereby completing the work of covering the ridge side with wheat straw.

[0098] Based on the above scheme, in order to achieve the purpose of integrated harvesting and sowing, a sowing assembly 500 is also included. The sowing assembly 500 is arranged at one end of the body 100 away from the harvesting assembly 600 and is used for sowing a second crop.

[0099] Specifically, the sowing component 500 adopts a common seeder. After the harvesting component 600 arranged at the front end of the body 100 collects the wheat, the loosening roller 310 loosens the land between the ridges and cuts the roots of the wheat. After the conveying plate 320 shovels the required soil, it indirectly levels the ridges. The seeder located at the rear of the body 100 directly sows in the prepared soil, thereby achieving integrated harvesting and sowing, reducing labor while improving work efficiency.

[0100] The above-described embodiments only express the way of equipment layout of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application; it should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several adjustments and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which all belong to the scope of protection of the present application; therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of this application shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for planting grass silkworms, comprising selecting a site for ridge formation and applying base fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step S30. Planting the first crop: During the sowing period, the first crop is planted between ridges; Step S40. Planting of grass silkworms: During the inter-ridge planting of the first crop, the tubers of grass silkworms are planted on the ridges in a planting method of a single tuber per hole; Step S50. Harvesting and covering with soil: In the early stage of tuber expansion of the grass silkworm, the first crop is harvested and soil is covered on both sides of the ridge at the same time, the covering height is not less than the ridge height, and the crushed straw of the first dwarf crop is laid on the side of the ridge covered with soil; Step S60. Planting the second crop: immediately after the first crop is harvested, the seeds of the second crop are planted between the ridges mechanically or manually; Step S70. Harvesting of grass silkworms and second crops: During the grass silkworm harvest period, grass silkworms and second crops are harvested.

2. A ridge crop harvesting device, characterized in that: The method for growing grass silkworms according to claim 1 is applied to harvesting and covering with soil from step S50 to step S60, comprising: A machine body, wherein wheels are arranged on both sides of the machine body, and the wheels drive the machine body to make reciprocating motion between the ridges along the sides of the ridges; A harvesting assembly, which is arranged at one end of the machine body and is used for harvesting the first crop of crops that mature between ridges; A soil covering assembly, the soil covering assembly comprising a loosening roller, a conveying plate and a scraper, the loosening roller being arranged at one end of the machine body, and being used to loosen the soil between ridges; one end of the conveying plate being arranged behind the loosening roller, and passing through the bottom of the machine body, and being connected to the side wall of the machine body, and the other end of the conveying plate extending out of both sides of the machine body; the scraper being arranged on both sides of the machine body and being located behind the end of the conveying plate extending out of the machine body; and A covering assembly, the covering assembly includes a rod-type transmission member and a rod-type laying member, one end of the rod-type transmission member is arranged behind the harvesting assembly, and the other end extends out of both sides of the body and is located behind the scraper, and the rod-type laying member is connected to one end of the rod-type transmission member away from the harvesting assembly to change the laying direction.

3. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conveying plate includes a shovel plate and a transport belt. The shovel plate is slidably connected to the machine body and can slide up and down in the vertical direction. One end of the transport belt is arranged on the end of the shovel plate away from the loosening roller, and the other end of the transport belt extends out of both sides of the machine body adjacent to the loosening roller.

4. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A driving wheel and a driven wheel are provided at both ends of the transport belt, both ends of the driven wheel are connected to both ends of the scraper plate, the driving wheel is rotatably connected to the machine body, and the height of the driving wheel from the ground is greater than the height of the driven wheel from the ground.

5. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a seedling supporting component, which is arranged on both sides of the machine body and moves with the machine body, and is used to straighten the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm on the ridge side from a crawling state to a standing state.

6. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The seedling supporting assembly includes an insertion plate, a transition plate and a straightening plate. One side of the insertion plate, the transition plate and the straightening plate are hinged on the side wall of the machine body, and the other side is inclined upward; one end of the insertion plate extends out of the end of the machine body close to the loosening roller, and can extend into the gap between the ridge side and the stems and leaves of the grass silkworm; one end of the transition plate is fixedly connected to the end of the insertion plate away from the loosening roller, one end of the straightening plate is connected to the end of the transition plate away from the insertion plate, and the other end extends out of the end of the machine body away from the loosening roller.

7. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scraper includes a scraping part and a pressing part. One end of the scraping part is hinged to the side wall of the body and can rotate up and down in the vertical direction along the hinge. The pressing part forms an angle of 90° to 180° with the side of the scraping part close to the bottom of the ridge, and can slide up and down along the scraping part.

8. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rod-type transmission component includes a first guide plate, a first conveyor belt and a second guide plate, one end of the first guide plate is arranged below the harvesting component and connected to the machine body; the first conveyor belt is arranged at an end of the first guide plate away from the harvesting component and is transmission-connected to the harvesting component; the second guide plate is arranged at an end of the first conveyor belt away from the first guide plate, and an end of the second guide plate away from the first conveyor belt is connected to the rod-type laying component.

9. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rod-type laying parts include a second conveyor belt and a third guide plate. The second conveyor belt is arranged at one end of the second guide plate and forms an angle of 0° to 90° with the extension direction of the first conveyor belt. The third guide plate is obliquely arranged at one end of the second conveyor belt away from the second guide plate, extends out of the side wall of the machine body, and is connected to the side wall.

10. The ridge crop harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a sowing component, which is arranged at one end of the machine body away from the harvesting component and is used for sowing a second crop of crops.

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