Mechanical planting method for corn and wheat interplanting

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, and particularly discloses a mechanical planting method for corn and wheat interplanting, which comprises the following steps: S1, after straws of preceding crops in autumn of the previous year are separated from the field, preparing the soil, and not ridging; s2, according to the field layout that the wheat growth zones and the blank zones are arranged at intervals, oat or barley is flatly sown at the end of March to form the wheat growth zones, and the total width of each wheat growth zone and the adjacent blank zone is 130 cm; corn is sown in the blank zone in a no-tillage mode in the middle and first ten days of May to form corn growing zones, and the interval between the adjacent wheat growing zone and corn growing zone is at least 20 cm; s3, in the small horn mouth period of the corn, mechanically harvesting oat or barley in the later grouting period; s4, harvesting the corn after the corn is mature. Under the condition that the use area of cultivated land is not increased, oat or barley can be additionally harvested while the corn yield is guaranteed, and the utilization efficiency of the cultivated land and the planting benefit are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a mechanized planting method for intercropping corn and wheat. Background Art

[0002] Corn is the most important food, feed, industrial raw material and energy crop in the world today, and plays a huge role in ensuring world food security, economic development and alleviating energy crises. Due to its outstanding advantages in many aspects, the demand for corn is increasing year by year.

[0003] The processed product of the mature barley fruit after germination and drying can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine called malt, which has the effects of promoting qi and digestion, strengthening the spleen and appetite, and promoting lactation and relieving swelling. In addition, barley is the best raw material for producing beer and whiskey. Naked barley (highland barley) can also be roasted and ground into powder to make tsampa, the staple food of the Tibetan people in China.

[0004] Oats are annual cereals. As a feed source for ruminant and non-ruminant animals, oat hay has good palatability, high soluble carbohydrates (mainly pectin), and water-soluble carbohydrates more than twice as high as alfalfa hay. It also has highly digestible fiber (high hemicellulose content, low lignin content, and soft texture), is low in potassium, and contains a variety of minerals and vitamins. It is one of the best choices for roughage for the world's top dairy cows.

[0005] At present, the intercropping method of corn and barley or oats still has the problem of unreasonable field layout, resulting in low mechanization level, unable to give full play to the advantages of intercropping, and limiting the improvement of planting efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanized planting method for intercropping oats and barley with corn, which is used to solve the problem of low mechanization degree caused by unreasonable field layout of oats or barley intercropped with corn.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mechanized planting method for intercropping corn and wheat, comprising the following steps: S1. The land is prepared after the straw of the previous crop is removed from the field in the autumn of the previous year, without forming ridges; S2. According to the field layout in which wheat growth belts and blank belts are arranged alternately, oats or barley are sown flat at the end of March to form the wheat growth belts, and the total width of each wheat growth belt and an adjacent blank belt is 130 cm; in early May, corn is sown in the blank belt without tillage to form corn growth belts, and the adjacent wheat growth belts and corn growth belts are at least 20 cm apart; S3. During the corn belling stage (late June to early July), mechanically harvest oats or barley in the late grain filling stage; S4. Harvest corn when it matures (October).

[0008] In the above method, the corn is selected from high-yield and high-quality corn varieties that are resistant to dense planting, disease-resistant, and lodging-resistant, preferably corn varieties with good rice quality and fast dehydration, such as Meiya 81, Xianyu 1483, Dika 159 and other varieties.

[0009] In the above method, the oats can be selected from varieties with a short growth period (about 65 days in total) and low temperature resistance. If forage production is carried out, varieties such as Baiyan No. 7, Nongjing 18, Kehe 3057, Qinghai 444, Bayan No. 4, Baiyan No. 2, and Baiyan No. 4 can be selected. If grain production is carried out, varieties such as Huazao No. 2 and Bayou No. 1 can be selected.

[0010] In the above method, the barley can be selected from varieties with a short growth period (the whole growth period is about 65 days) and resistance to low temperatures, and varieties such as Longshaimai No. 5 and Longshaimai No. 7 can be selected.

[0011] In the above method, the land preparation described in S1 can be performed using a rotary tiller, such as Nonghaha 1GGN-200B.

[0012] In the above method, each of the wheat growing belts is planted with 3 rows of oats or barley at a row spacing of 15 cm, and each of the corn growing belts is planted with 2 rows of corn at a width of 40 cm. S2 The oats or barley can be sown in rows by a seeder, and the seeder used needs to be connected to a satellite navigation system to strictly control the position and spacing of the wheat growing belts. The seeder used can be improved on the basis of an existing wheat seeder, and a part of the sowing holes of the existing wheat seeder is blocked, so that it can simultaneously sow in several adjacent wheat growing belts according to the field layout of the present invention.

[0013] In the above method, the oats or barley described in S2 are fertilized with base fertilizer when sowing.

[0014] In the above method, the corn described in S2 can be sown with a no-tillage planter, and a double-row no-tillage planter with a row spacing of 40 cm can be selected, such as the Debon David 1005 series.

[0015] In the above method, the corn described in S2 is fertilized with corn mouth fertilizer and / or corn base fertilizer at the same time when sowing.

[0016] In the above method, the mechanical harvesting of oats or barley in the late grain filling stage described in S3 needs to be completed in a very short time to ensure that the corn is purchased during the small trumpeting stage and avoid affecting the growth of corn later. An oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn can be used. The oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a machine body (1), a screw conveyor (11) is arranged at the front end of the machine body (1), a storage hopper (12) is arranged at the rear end of the machine body (1), a grain crushing device (2) is arranged between the screw conveyor (11) and the storage hopper (12), the grain crushing device (2) is equipped with an air delivery device (20), the air outlet of the air delivery device (20) is connected to an air delivery pipe (201) upward, and the discharge port of the air delivery pipe (201) faces the storage hopper (3); a left harvesting device (31) and a right harvesting device (32) are arranged on the left and right sides of the front of the machine body (1), respectively, and a space is left between the left harvesting device (31) and the right harvesting device (32), and the space is used to harvest corn planted between oats or barley when interplanting oats or barley; An intermediate harvesting device (33) is arranged between the left harvesting device (31) and the right harvesting device (32); a reel (301) is arranged at the front end of the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); a header (302) is arranged behind the reel (301); and wheat ear elevators (34) are arranged behind the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); the headers (302) of the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are connected to the auger conveyor (11) via their respective wheat ear elevators (34); During intercropping of oats and wheat, oats or barley are pre-planted in the planting areas corresponding to the width ranges of the reels (301) at the front ends of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32), and corn is pre-planted in the planting areas corresponding to the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the left harvesting device (31) and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); When the harvester is harvesting oats or barley in the corn-wheat intercropping mode, the reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively facing a row of oats or barley. After one trip, the harvester can harvest three rows of oats or barley at the same time, and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the left harvesting device (31) and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) just pass through a row of corn between the oats or barley.

[0017] In the above method, when the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn is used to harvest the oats or barley interplanted with corn, the reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) respectively transport the oats or barley to the harvesting platform (302), the harvesting platform (302) harvests the oats or barley, and the harvested oats or barley are transported to the auger conveyor (11) through the wheat ear elevator (34); The oats or barley harvested by the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are collected together in the auger conveyor (11); The grain crushing device (2) crushes the harvested oat or barley grains and chops the straw to obtain a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains; The air conveying device (20) blows out a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains, and causes the mixture to fall into the storage hopper (12), thereby achieving the harvesting of the oats or barley interplanted with corn.

[0018] In the above method, the body (1) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a chassis (10), and the height of the chassis (10) is not less than 1.2 meters; The auger conveyor (11) and the material storage hopper (12) are respectively located at two ends of the chassis (10).

[0019] In the above method, four wheels are arranged below the chassis (10) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn, wherein two front wheels are located at both ends of the auger conveyor (11), and two rear wheels are located directly below the storage hopper (12).

[0020] In the above method, of the four wheels of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn below the chassis (10), two front wheels are triangular track wheels (4).

[0021] In the above method, the grain crushing device (2) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a flattening mechanism and a grass cutting mechanism. The flattening mechanism comprises a flattening roller (21), and the flattening roller (21) is arranged behind the auger conveyor (11); The grass cutting mechanism comprises a blade disc, a group of fixed blades are arranged on the blade disc, and four groups of moving blades are arranged around the fixed blades, wherein the four groups of moving blades constitute the air supply device (20), and when the four groups of moving blades rotate, air is supplied to blow forward; The flattening mechanism flattens the harvested oat or barley straw and the grains on the straw by means of a flattening roller (21), thereby obtaining flattened oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains; The straw-cutting mechanism cuts the flattened oat or barley straw by means of a fixed blade and a movable blade to obtain a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains; The four groups of moving blades rotate to form a forward-blowing air supply, blowing a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains into the air supply pipe (201).

[0022] In the above method, the air conveying pipe (201) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn is provided with an air conveying pipe rotating mechanism (202) capable of rotating 360 degrees.

[0023] In the above method, the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn are arranged side by side in sequence from left to right; The reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively arranged in front of the machine body (1); The reels (301) and the harvesting tables (302) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively arranged side by side; The wheat ear elevators (34) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are arranged parallel to each other.

[0024] In the above method, the auger conveyor (11) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises an auger shaft, an auger shell and a drive sprocket, the auger shaft is wound with rotating blades, the auger shaft is arranged in the auger shell, and the drive sprocket is arranged on the outer side of the end of the auger shaft and is fixedly connected to the auger shaft.

[0025] In the above method, the body (1) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn is provided with a cab (5) in front, and the cab (5) is provided with front and rear image display screens. The front and rear image display screen is equipped with a front camera and a rear camera, which are respectively used to display the front and rear images of the harvester during its driving process; The front and rear image display screens are also provided with a navigation and positioning system for displaying the position of the harvester.

[0026] In the above method, S3 mechanically harvests oats or barley in the late grain filling stage. When corn is intercropped with fodder oats, the "tracked oat silage combine harvester" disclosed in the Chinese utility model patent with application number 202321888073.X can also be used, but its efficiency is not as high as that of oats or barley harvesters intercropped with corn, and the harvesting time required is longer.

[0027] In the above method, the method also includes the step of field weeding. In many years of practice, the wheat growing belt where oats or barley are planted has fewer weeds and does not need weeding. It even achieves the effect of biological weed control between adjacent corn growing belts, and only the corn growing belt needs weeding. The field weeding is carried out by a spraying machine, and a spray head is arranged on the spraying rod of the spraying machine. The spray head is aimed at one of the corn growing belts to spray the herbicide, and a shield is arranged at the position between the spraying rod corresponding to the corn growing belt and the wheat growing belt to prevent the herbicide from splashing into the wheat growing belt.

[0028] In the above method, the method also includes the step of pest control.

[0029] The mechanized planting method of interplanting corn and wheat of the present invention effectively increases field ventilation and light transmission through interplanting cultivation, makes full use of light energy, improves corn photosynthetic utilization rate, promotes corn growth and development, gives play to the advantage of the marginal effect of corn, and provides guarantee for corn yield. Interplanting oats or barley between adjacent corn growth belts can play a role in biological control of weeds, and utilizes the characteristics of oats and barley, such as strong adaptability, short growth period, and less accumulated temperature requirement, so that the growth and development of corn are not affected during the symbiosis with corn, and oats or barley are mechanically and quickly harvested before the small trumpet mouth stage of corn, ensuring that there is sufficient space after corn jointing, and oat grains or oat feed or barley grains can be harvested additionally without increasing the area of ​​arable land use, thereby making full use of land resources. This technology greatly improves the utilization efficiency of arable land and the planting benefit, and provides effective guarantee for the future development of animal husbandry and food security.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Economic benefits: When oats or barley are harvested, corn is in the small trumpet stage, which has little impact on the later yield of corn. As a high-quality feed, oats have great market value. Whether it is used as silage or harvested oat grains, the economic benefits are very good. Taking feed as an example, according to the sales standard, the yield of feed oats (water content 60%) is 890.33 kg per mu, and the current market price is about 700 yuan per ton, with an income of 623.20 yuan. Excluding the costs of seeds (18.5 yuan), fertilizers (45 yuan), sowing (40 yuan), weeding (25 yuan), harvesting (60 yuan), packaging (89 yuan), short-distance transportation (26), etc., there are 303.5 yuan, and the net profit per mu is 319.70 yuan. Feed barley (water content 58%) yields 863.6 kg per mu, and the current market price is about 700 yuan per ton, with an income of 604.5 yuan. Excluding the costs of seeds (18.5 yuan), fertilizers (45 yuan), sowing (40 yuan), weeding (25 yuan), harvesting (60 yuan), packaging (89 yuan), short-distance transportation (26 yuan), etc., the net profit per mu is 301 yuan. This technical model has great prospects for promotion.

[0031] 2. Ecological benefits: Oats are annual cereals. As a feed source for ruminants and non-ruminants, oat hay has good palatability, high soluble carbohydrates (mainly pectin), more than 1 times higher water-soluble carbohydrate content than alfalfa hay, high digestibility fiber (high hemicellulose content, low lignin content, soft texture), low potassium, and contains a variety of minerals and vitamins. It is one of the best choices for roughage for top dairy cows in the world. Feeding oats can effectively control the occurrence of dairy cow diseases, reduce the amount of drugs used to control diseases, reduce environmental pollution, high feed utilization, improve feces quality, and improve people's living environment.

[0032] 3. Social benefits: Promoting the mechanized planting method of corn and wheat intercropping will increase profits, stimulate the enthusiasm of planting cooperatives and large farmers, accelerate land transfer and concentration, improve the mechanization level of corn planting, increase corn yields, drive up the efficiency of the entire planting industry, increase farming income, improve farmers' material and cultural living standards, promote rapid economic development, and generate huge social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a front three-dimensional view of an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn used in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is an axonometric view from one perspective of an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn used in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view from another perspective of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn used in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 The present invention is a top view of an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn.

[0037] Figure 5 The present invention is a side view of an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a photo of the present invention using an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn for harvesting.

[0039] Figure 7 The present invention is a photograph of oats or barley being sown using a seeder.

[0040] Figure 8 It is a photo of the present invention using a spraying machine to weed oats or barley.

[0041] Description of reference numerals: 1-machine body, 10-chassis, 11-auger conveyor, 12-storage hopper; 100-diesel generator; 2-seed crushing device, 20-air delivery device, 201-air delivery pipe, 202-air delivery pipe rotating mechanism; 21-flattening roller, 22-grass mower power mechanism; 301-reel, 302-cutting platform; 31-left harvesting device, 32-right harvesting device, 33-middle harvesting device, 34-wheat ear elevator; 4-Triangular track wheels; 5-Driver’s cab. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0043] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0044] The mechanized planting method of interplanting corn and wheat of the present invention can achieve double harvests in one season, improve land utilization rate, and increase income very well. However, its promotion requires solving the problem of matching agricultural machinery, among which the problem of matching agricultural machinery for harvesting oats or barley must be solved. The main machinery used in the following embodiments is an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn (its structure is shown in FIG. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , see the photo of its harvesting Figure 6 ): The oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a machine body (1), a screw conveyor (11) is arranged at the front end of the machine body (1), a storage hopper (12) is arranged at the rear end of the machine body (1), a grain crushing device (2) is arranged between the screw conveyor (11) and the storage hopper (12), the grain crushing device (2) is equipped with an air delivery device (20), the air outlet of the air delivery device (20) is connected to an air delivery pipe (201) upward, and the discharge port of the air delivery pipe (201) faces the storage hopper (3); a left harvesting device (31) and a right harvesting device (32) are arranged on the left and right sides of the front of the machine body (1), respectively, and a space is left between the left harvesting device (31) and the right harvesting device (32), and the space is used to harvest corn planted between oats or barley when interplanting oats or barley; An intermediate harvesting device (33) is arranged between the left harvesting device (31) and the right harvesting device (32); a reel (301) is arranged at the front end of the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); a header (302) is arranged behind the reel (301); and wheat ear elevators (34) are arranged behind the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); the headers (302) of the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are connected to the auger conveyor (11) via their respective wheat ear elevators (34); During intercropping of oats and wheat, oats or barley are pre-planted in the planting areas corresponding to the width ranges of the reels (301) at the front ends of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32), and corn is pre-planted in the planting areas corresponding to the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the left harvesting device (31) and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); When the harvester is harvesting oats or barley in the corn-wheat intercropping mode, the reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively facing a row of oats or barley. After one trip, the harvester can harvest three rows of oats or barley at the same time, and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the left harvesting device (31) and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) just pass through a row of corn between the oats or barley.

[0045] When the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn is used to harvest the oats or barley interplanted with corn, the reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) respectively transport the oats or barley to the harvesting platform (302), the harvesting platform (302) harvests the oats or barley, and the harvested oats or barley are transported to the auger conveyor (11) via the wheat ear elevator (34); The oats or barley harvested by the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are collected together in the auger conveyor (11); The grain crushing device (2) crushes the harvested oat or barley grains and chops the straw to obtain a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains; The air conveying device (20) blows out a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains, and drops the mixture into the storage hopper (12), thereby achieving the harvesting of oats or barley interplanted with corn.

[0046] The body (1) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a chassis (10), wherein the height of the chassis (10) is not less than 1.2 meters; The auger conveyor (11) and the material storage hopper (12) are respectively located at two ends of the chassis (10).

[0047] Four wheels are arranged below the chassis (10) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn, wherein two front wheels are located at both ends of the auger conveyor (11), and two rear wheels are located directly below the storage hopper (12).

[0048] Of the four wheels of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn, two front wheels are triangular track wheels (4) below the chassis (10).

[0049] The grain crushing device (2) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a flattening mechanism and a grass cutting mechanism. The flattening mechanism comprises a flattening roller (21), and the flattening roller (21) is arranged behind the auger conveyor (11); The grass cutting mechanism comprises a blade disc, a group of fixed blades are arranged on the blade disc, and four groups of moving blades are arranged around the fixed blades, wherein the four groups of moving blades constitute the air supply device (20), and when the four groups of moving blades rotate, air is supplied to blow forward; The flattening mechanism flattens the harvested oat or barley straw and the grains on the straw by means of a flattening roller (21), thereby obtaining flattened oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains; The straw-cutting mechanism cuts the flattened oat or barley straw by means of a fixed blade and a movable blade to obtain a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains; The four groups of moving blades rotate to form a forward-blowing air supply, blowing a mixture of chopped oat or barley straw and crushed oat or barley grains into the air supply pipe (201).

[0050] The air conveying pipe (201) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn is provided with an air conveying pipe rotating mechanism (202) capable of rotating 360 degrees.

[0051] The left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn are arranged side by side in sequence from left to right; The reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively arranged in front of the machine body (1); The reels (301) and the harvesting tables (302) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively arranged side by side; The wheat ear elevators (34) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are arranged parallel to each other.

[0052] The auger conveyor (11) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises an auger shaft, an auger shell and a drive sprocket, the auger shaft is wound with rotating blades, the auger shaft is arranged in the auger shell, and the drive sprocket is arranged on the outer side of the end of the auger shaft and is fixedly connected to the auger shaft.

[0053] The body (1) of the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn is provided with a cab (5) in front, and the cab (5) is provided with front and rear image display screens. The front and rear image display screen is equipped with a front camera and a rear camera, which are respectively used to display the front and rear images of the harvester during its driving process; The front and rear image display screens are also provided with a navigation and positioning system for displaying the position of the harvester.

[0054] If there is no oat or barley harvester for intercropping with corn, when intercropping corn with forage oats, the "crawler-type oat silage combine harvester" disclosed in the Chinese utility model patent application number 202321888073.X can also be selected. However, compared with the oat or barley harvester for intercropping with corn, it has the following disadvantages: (1) There are only two harvesting devices, and only two rows of oats can be harvested in one trip, which will leave out the middle row of oats. If the middle row is to be harvested, another trip is required, which greatly reduces the harvesting efficiency of oats or barley; (2) The walking mechanism is designed as a crawler type, which not only has a slow travel speed, but also must be disassembled and assembled for long-distance transfer operations, which is very inconvenient and leads to low operating efficiency of the harvester; (3) A silk kneading device is used to knead the harvested oat silage to obtain oat or silage grains. This method of obtaining grains by kneading is too inefficient.

[0055] Other agricultural machinery that needs to be matched includes: rotary tillers, seed drills for sowing oats or barley, no-till machines for no-till sowing of corn, weeders, corn harvesters, etc.

[0056] In the following embodiments, the rotary tiller is Nonghaha 1GGN-200B.

[0057] In the following embodiments, the oat or barley planter can be improved on the basis of the existing wheat planter (such as Dezhou Jianfu Machinery Factory 2BX-14), using only part of the sowing holes of the original planter, so that it can sow in several adjacent wheat growth belts at the same time (3 wide rows in the following embodiments), and 3 rows can be sown in each wheat growth belt with a row spacing of 15 cm. See the photos of the specific oat or barley planter for sowing. Figure 7 .

[0058] In the following embodiments, corn no-tillage sowing was performed using a 40 cm row spacing double-row no-tillage seeder, Debon David 1005 series.

[0059] In the following embodiments, the weeder is an improved weeder obtained by improving the original corn spraying machine with 12 nozzles (homemade by farmers). According to the requirement of setting nozzles at intervals of 130 cm on the spraying rod, the length of the spraying rod is changed to 260 cm (twice 130 cm), and the original 12 nozzles are changed to 2 nozzles at intervals of 130 cm (each nozzle is a group). Each group of nozzles is aimed at a corn growth belt to spray herbicides, and a shielding material (plastic cloth or other materials can be used) is provided at the position between the spraying rod corresponding to the corn growth belt and the wheat growth belt to ensure that the liquid herbicide will not splash into the wheat growth belt when spraying. See the specific photos of weeding with the weeder. Figure 8 .

[0060] In the following embodiments, corn was harvested using a corn harvester Yongmeng 4YZ-5E.

[0061] Example 1 Interplanting corn with oats From 2022 to 2024, experiments were conducted using the method of the present invention in Anda City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province (located between 124°53′-125°55′ east longitude and 46°01′-47°01′ north latitude), which is located in the heart of the Songnen Plain.

[0062] Corn can be selected from high-yield and high-quality corn varieties with strong disease resistance and lodging resistance, preferably corn varieties with good rice quality and fast dehydration, such as Meiya 81, Xianyu 1483, Dika 159, etc. In this embodiment, Meiya 81 is selected as corn, which is a product of Agricultural University Kemao Seed Co., Ltd.

[0063] Oats can be selected from varieties with short growth period and low temperature resistance. If forage grass production is carried out, varieties such as Baiyan No. 7, Nongjing 18, Kehe 3057, Qinghai 444, Bayan No. 4, Baiyan No. 2, and Baiyan No. 4 can be selected. If grain production is carried out, varieties such as Huazao No. 2 and Bayou No. 1 can be selected. In this embodiment, forage grass production is carried out, and Baiyan No. 7 is selected for oats, which is a product of Qinghai Lvxinxin Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0064] The mechanized planting method of corn intercropping with oats includes the following steps: S1. After the straw of the previous crop is removed from the field in the autumn of the previous year, the land is prepared and no rows are set up.

[0065] The land can be leveled after the straw of the previous crop is removed from the field in the autumn of the previous year. A rotary tiller can be used for this purpose without using a tiller.

[0066] S2. According to the field layout with wheat growth belts and blank belts arranged at intervals, oats are sown flat at the end of March to form the wheat growth belts, and the total width of each wheat growth belt and its adjacent blank belt is 130 cm; in early May, corn is sown in the blank belts without tillage to form corn growth belts, and the adjacent wheat growth belts and corn growth belts are at least 20 cm apart.

[0067] Generally, it is carried out at the end of March. The sowing time in this embodiment is March 28. According to the field layout in which wheat growing belts and blank belts are arranged alternately, oats are sown to form wheat growing belts. The total width of each wheat growing belt and its adjacent blank belt is 130 cm.

[0068] The sowing is performed by flat sowing with the improved seeder described above. In this embodiment, three rows of oats are sown in each wheat growth belt according to a row spacing of 15 cm, and each wheat growth belt is about 40 cm wide (the width of the oat plant is about 3.3 cm), and the blank belt between two adjacent wheat growth belts is 90 cm. Base fertilizer is applied while sowing oats. In this embodiment, 15 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied by the seeder while sowing.

[0069] In early May, corn is sown in the blank strip without tillage to form a corn growth strip. The specific sowing time in this embodiment is May 8. Each corn growth strip is sown with 2 rows of corn at a row spacing of 40 cm. Each corn growth strip is 40 cm wide, and the adjacent wheat growth strips and corn growth strips are spaced 90 cm apart.

[0070] Corn sowing is carried out with the 40cm row spacing double-row no-till seeder mentioned above. The machine is equipped with base fertilizer and feed fertilizer boxes. The base fertilizer is applied side-deeply 10cm below the seed, and the feed fertilizer is at the same level as the seed. The base fertilizer, feed fertilizer and sowing are completed in one operation. Corn feed fertilizer: 5 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. Corn base fertilizer: 50 kg of 51% corn-specific fertilizer per mu. The year in which this embodiment is carried out is not extremely dry, so direct sowing can be done without watering. If it is an extremely dry year, water must be replenished after sowing to ensure emergence. The water replenishment method is: after pulling the water truck, fix a pre-pierced bucket above the corn growth belt, place the water pipe in the bucket, and open the water pipe valve to replenish water to the corn growth belt.

[0071] Field weeding In practice for many years, the wheat growing belt where oats are planted has fewer weeds and no weeding is required. It even achieves the effect of biological weed control between adjacent corn growing belts, and only the corn growing belt needs weeding. The field weeding uses the improved weeder described above, and two nozzles are arranged on the spraying rod, each nozzle is aimed at one of the corn growing belts to spray the herbicide, and a shield is arranged at the position between the spraying rod corresponding to the corn growing belt and the wheat growing belt to ensure that the liquid herbicide will not splash into the wheat growing belt when spraying.

[0072] Weed control is mainly based on closed weeding before corn seedlings after sowing, and weed control after corn seedlings is a remedial measure. ① The herbicides used for closed weeding before corn seedlings after sowing are mainly acetochlor + 2,4-D. butyl ester to control weeds. ② The formula of corn post-seedling herbicides is nicosulfuron + atrazine + mesotrione. In special cases, it can be formulated separately according to the weed situation of the plot. For example, 30% benzathine is used for weed control at 5-8 grams per mu in the 3-5 leaf stage.

[0073] Pest Control The mechanized planting method of corn intercropping with oats also includes the steps of pest and disease control, which are mainly as follows: (1) Underground pests and diseases of corn are mainly controlled by seed coating. (2) During the growing period of corn, the main damage is caused by corn borers. Use Fugo liquid spray to control the damage from the small trumpet to the tasseling stage. (3) If other pests and diseases occur in large numbers, formulate a control plan in real time according to the actual situation in the field.

[0074] S3. During the corn tasseling stage (late June to early July), mechanically harvest oats that are in the late grain filling stage.

[0075] On July 1, 2023, oat grains entered the late filling stage, while corn was in the small trumpet stage. On the morning of July 2, 2023, oats were mechanically harvested and yield measured using the oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn as described above. The harvested oats were rolled into 5 cm small pieces and transported to the field for drying. They were sold after meeting the sale standards.

[0076] The yield measurement method is to take 5 meters of the 130cm wide and narrow row, which is 6.5 square meters. Harvest the oats in the wide row, measure the wet weight and calculate the actual yield per mu. The average of the three points is the final result.

[0077] S4. Harvest corn when it matures (October).

[0078] When the corn milk line disappears and a black layer appears, the corn is harvested at a late maturity. On October 6, 2023, the corn was harvested using the corn harvester described above and the yield was measured.

[0079] The yield measurement method is to take 5 meters of the 130cm wide narrow row, which is 6.5 square meters. Harvest the corn in the narrow row, weigh it and calculate the actual yield per mu. The average of the three points is the final result.

[0080] The adjacent field of the plot planted with corn intercropped with oats was used as a control. The corn plant spacing of the control field was 40 cm × 90 cm, and the corn variety and other corn management measures were the same as those in the mechanized planting method of corn intercropped with oats.

[0081] The yield measurement results of intercropping oats are as follows: 5 meters are taken for the 130cm wide and narrow rows, which is 6.5 square meters. The oats in the wide rows are harvested, and the moisture content of the oats is 79.66%. The values ​​of the three measurement points are: 9.9 kg at the first point, 11.2 kg at the second point, and 11.3 kg at the third point. The yield per mu is calculated to be 1108.2 kg, and the yield per mu is 890.33 kg at a moisture content of 60% (the standard for feed silage sales).

[0082] The yield measurement results of intercropping corn: 5 meters were selected from 3 random points in the 130cm wide and narrow rows, which is 6.5 square meters. The corn in the narrow rows was harvested. The first point was 8.78 kg, the second point was 9.4 kg, and the third point was 9.65 kg. The moisture content of the grains was 36% when threshing. After calculation, the dry grain corn yield was 742.6 kg.

[0083] The yield measurement results of the control corn field without intercropping were as follows: the actual yield at 3 random points was 6.5 square meters, 9.36 kg at the first point, 8.54 kg at the second point, and 10.18 kg at the third point. The moisture content of the grains when threshing was 36%. The dry grain corn yield was calculated to be 749.2 kg.

[0084] Oats are harvested in early July, when corn is in its flaring stage, which has little impact on corn yield in the later period. As a high-quality feed, oats have great market value. Whether it is used as silage or harvested oat grains, the economic benefits are very good. Taking feed as an example, according to the sales standard, feed oats (water content 60%) yield 890.33 kg per mu, the current market price is about 700 yuan per ton, and the income is 623.20 yuan. Excluding the costs of seeds (18.5 yuan), fertilizers (45 yuan), sowing (40 yuan), weeding (25 yuan), harvesting (60 yuan), packaging (89 yuan), short-distance transportation (26), etc., 303.5 yuan, the net profit per mu is 319.70 yuan. Corn production decreased by 6.6 kg, with a loss of about 13 yuan, and intercropping oats increased the income by 319.70 yuan, which is a significant increase in efficiency.

[0085] Example 2 Intercropping of corn with barley From 2023 to 2024, experiments were conducted using the method of the present invention in Anda City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province (located between 124°53′-125°55′ east longitude and 46°01′-47°01′ north latitude), which is located in the heart of the Songnen Plain.

[0086] Corn can be selected from high-yield and high-quality corn varieties with strong disease resistance and lodging resistance, preferably corn varieties with good rice quality and fast dehydration, such as Meiya 81, Xianyu 1483, Dika 159, etc. In this embodiment, Meiya 81 is selected as corn, which is a product of Agricultural University Kemao Seed Co., Ltd.

[0087] The barley can be selected from varieties with short growth period and low temperature resistance, such as Longshimai No. 5, Longshimai No. 7, etc. In this embodiment, Longshimai No. 5 is selected as the barley, which is a product of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0088] The mechanized planting method of corn intercropping with barley includes the following steps: S1. After the straw of the previous crop is removed from the field in the autumn of the previous year, the land is prepared and no rows are set up.

[0089] The land can be leveled after the straw of the previous crop is removed from the field in the autumn of the previous year. A rotary tiller can be used for this purpose without using a tiller.

[0090] S2. According to the field layout in which wheat growth belts and blank belts are arranged at intervals, barley is sown flat at the end of March to form the wheat growth belts, and the total width of each wheat growth belt and its adjacent blank belt is 130 cm; in mid-to-early May, corn is sown in the blank belts without tillage to form corn growth belts, and the adjacent wheat growth belts and corn growth belts are at least 20 cm apart.

[0091] Generally, it is carried out at the end of March. The sowing time in this embodiment is March 28. According to the field layout in which wheat growing belts and blank belts are arranged alternately, barley is sown to form wheat growing belts. The total width of each wheat growing belt and its adjacent blank belt is 130 cm.

[0092] The sowing is performed by flat sowing with the improved seeder described above. In this embodiment, each wheat growth belt is sown with 3 rows of barley at a row spacing of 15 cm, each wheat growth belt is 40 cm wide (the width of the oat plant is about 3.3 cm), and the blank belt between two adjacent wheat growth belts is 90 cm. Base fertilizer is applied while sowing barley. In this embodiment, 15 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied by the seeder while sowing.

[0093] In early to mid-May, corn is sown in the blank strip without tillage to form a corn growth strip. The specific sowing time in this embodiment is May 8. Each corn growth strip is sown with 2 rows of corn at a row spacing of 40 cm. Each corn growth strip is 40 cm wide, and the adjacent wheat growth strips and corn growth strips are spaced 90 cm apart.

[0094] Corn sowing is carried out with the 40cm row spacing double-row no-till seeder mentioned above. The machine is equipped with base fertilizer and feed fertilizer boxes. The base fertilizer is applied side-deeply 10cm below the seed, and the feed fertilizer is at the same level as the seed. The base fertilizer, feed fertilizer and sowing are completed in one operation. Corn feed fertilizer: 5 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. Corn base fertilizer: 50 kg of 51% corn-specific fertilizer per mu. The year in which this embodiment is carried out is not extremely dry, so direct sowing can be done without watering. If it is an extremely dry year, water must be replenished after sowing to ensure emergence. The water replenishment method is: after pulling the water truck, fix a pre-pierced bucket above the corn growth belt, place the water pipe in the bucket, and open the water pipe valve to replenish water to the corn growth belt.

[0095] Field weeding In practice for many years, the wheat growing belt where barley is planted has fewer weeds and no weeding is required. It even achieves the effect of biological weed control between adjacent corn growing belts, and only the corn growing belt needs weeding. The field weeding uses the improved weeder described above, and two nozzles are arranged on the spraying rod, each nozzle is aimed at one of the corn growing belts to spray the herbicide, and a shield is arranged at the position between the spraying rod corresponding to the corn growing belt and the wheat growing belt to ensure that the liquid herbicide will not splash into the wheat growing belt when spraying.

[0096] Weed control is mainly based on closed weeding before corn seedlings after sowing, and weed control after corn seedlings is a remedial measure. ① The herbicides used for closed weeding before corn seedlings after sowing are mainly acetochlor + 2,4-D. butyl ester to control weeds. ② The formula of corn post-seedling herbicides is nicosulfuron + atrazine + mesotrione. In special cases, it can be formulated separately according to the weed situation of the plot. For example, 30% benzathine is used for weed control at 5-8 grams per mu in the 3-5 leaf stage.

[0097] Pest Control The mechanized planting method of intercropping corn with barley also includes the steps of pest and disease control, which are mainly as follows: (1) Underground pests and diseases of corn are mainly controlled by seed coating. (2) During the growing period of corn, the main damage is caused by corn borers. Use Fugo liquid spray to control the damage from the small trumpet to the tasseling stage. (3) If other pests and diseases occur in large numbers, formulate a control plan in real time according to the actual situation in the field.

[0098] S3. During the corn flaring period (late June to early July), mechanically harvest barley that is in the late grain filling stage.

[0099] On June 27, 2023, barley grains entered the late filling stage, while corn was in the small trumpet stage. On the morning of June 28, 2023, the oats or barley harvesters interplanted with corn as described above were used to mechanically harvest and measure the yield of barley. The harvested barley was rolled into 5 cm small pieces and transported to the field for drying. It was sold after reaching the sale standard.

[0100] The yield measurement method is to take 5 meters of the 130cm wide row, which is 6.5 square meters. Harvest the barley in the wide row, measure the wet weight and calculate the actual yield per mu. The average of the three points is the final result.

[0101] S4. Harvest corn when it matures (October).

[0102] When the corn milk line disappears and a black layer appears, the corn is harvested at a late maturity. On October 6, 2023, the corn was harvested using the corn harvester described above and the yield was measured.

[0103] The yield measurement method is to take 5 meters of the 130cm wide narrow row, which is 6.5 square meters. Harvest the corn in the narrow row, weigh it and calculate the actual yield per mu. The average of the three points is the final result.

[0104] The uninterplanted corn field in the adjacent field of the mechanized planting method of corn interplanted with barley was used as a control. The corn plant spacing of the control uninterplanted corn field was 40 cm × 90 cm, and the corn variety and other corn management measures were the same as the corn management measures in the mechanized planting method of corn interplanted with barley.

[0105] The yield measurement results of intercropping barley are as follows: 5 meters are taken in the 130cm wide and narrow row, which is 6.5 square meters. The barley in the wide row is harvested, and the three measurement points are: 8.56 kg at the first point, 7.68 kg at the second point, and 9.02 kg at the third point. After calculation, the yield per mu is 863.6 kg, and the moisture content at harvest is 58.2%.

[0106] The yield measurement results of intercropping corn: 5 meters were selected from 3 random points in the 130cm wide and narrow rows, which is 6.5 square meters. The corn in the narrow rows was harvested. The first point was 8.78 kg, the second point was 9.4 kg, and the third point was 9.65 kg. The moisture content of the grains was 36% when threshing. After calculation, the dry grain corn yield was 742.6 kg.

[0107] The yield measurement results of the control corn field without intercropping were as follows: the actual yield at 3 random points was 6.5 square meters, 9.36 kg at the first point, 8.54 kg at the second point, and 10.18 kg at the third point. The moisture content of the grains when threshing was 36%. The dry grain corn yield was calculated to be 749.2 kg.

[0108] When barley is harvested, corn is in the small bell stage, which has little impact on the later yield of corn. As a high-quality feed, barley has a great market value. Whether it is used as silage or harvested barley grains, the economic benefits are very good. Feed barley (water content 58%) has an output of 863.6 kg per mu, and the current market price is about 700 yuan per ton, with an income of 604.5 yuan. Excluding the costs of seeds (18.5 yuan), fertilizers (45 yuan), sowing (40 yuan), weeding (25 yuan), harvesting (60 yuan), packaging (89 yuan), short-distance transportation (26), etc., the net profit per mu is 301 yuan. The efficiency is significantly increased.

[0109] In summary, the mechanized planting method of corn and wheat intercropping makes full use of space, improves land utilization, and solves the technical difficulties of machinery matching and weed control. On the premise of ensuring corn yield, it achieves increased income and crop rotation of oats or barley, reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduces the use of pesticides, prevents water and wind erosion, and protects black soil. This method is advanced and feasible, and it is recommended to increase the promotion efforts in suitable areas.

[0110] The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be implemented in a wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without the need for unnecessary experimentation. Although the present invention provides specific embodiments, it should be understood that further improvements may be made to the present invention. In short, according to the principles of the present invention, this application intends to include any changes, uses or improvements to the present invention, including changes made by conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed in this application. Applications of some of the basic features may be made within the scope of the following appended claims.

Claims

1. A mechanized planting method for intercropping corn and wheat. It is characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1. The land is prepared after the straw of the previous crop is removed from the field in the autumn of the previous year, without forming ridges; S2. According to the field layout in which wheat growth belts and blank belts are arranged alternately, oats or barley are sown flat at the end of March to form the wheat growth belts, and the total width of each wheat growth belt and an adjacent blank belt is 130 cm; in early May, corn is sown in the blank belt without tillage to form corn growth belts, and the adjacent wheat growth belts and corn growth belts are at least 20 cm apart; S3. Mechanically harvest oats or barley at the late grain filling stage during the corn trumpeting stage; S4. Harvest corn when it is ripe.

2. The method according to claim 1, Features: Each of the wheat growing belts is planted with three rows of oats or barley at a row spacing of 15 cm, and each of the corn growing belts is planted with two rows of corn at a width of 40 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Features: S3 The oats or barley in the late grain filling stage are mechanically harvested using an oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn. The oat or barley harvester interplanted with corn comprises a machine body (1), a screw conveyor (11) is arranged at the front end of the machine body (1), a storage hopper (12) is arranged at the rear end of the machine body (1), a grain crushing device (2) is arranged between the screw conveyor (11) and the storage hopper (12), and the grain crushing device (2) is equipped with a wind turbine. A wind conveying device (20), an air outlet of the wind conveying device (20) is connected to an air conveying pipe (201) upward, and an outlet of the wind conveying pipe (201) faces the storage hopper (3); a left harvesting device (31) and a right harvesting device (32) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides in front of the machine body (1), and a space is left between the left harvesting device (31) and the right harvesting device (32), and the space is used for corn planted between oats or barley when intercropping corn and wheat; An intermediate harvesting device (33) is arranged between the left harvesting device (31) and the right harvesting device (32); a reel (301) is arranged at the front end of the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); a header (302) is arranged behind the reel (301); and wheat ear elevators (34) are arranged behind the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); the headers (302) of the left harvesting device (31), the intermediate harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are connected to the auger conveyor (11) via their respective wheat ear elevators (34); During intercropping of oats and wheat, oats or barley are pre-planted in the planting areas corresponding to the width ranges of the reels (301) at the front ends of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32), and corn is pre-planted in the planting areas corresponding to the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the left harvesting device (31) and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32); When the harvester is harvesting oats or barley in the corn-wheat intercropping mode, the reels (301) of the left harvesting device (31), the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) are respectively facing a row of oats or barley. After one trip, the harvester can harvest three rows of oats or barley at the same time, and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the left harvesting device (31) and the gap between the middle harvesting device (33) and the right harvesting device (32) just pass through a row of corn between the oats or barley.

4. The method according to claim 3, Features: The oats or barley are sown using a seeder connected to satellite navigation.

5. The method according to claim 4, Features: The method also includes the step of field weeding, which is carried out by using a spraying machine. The nozzle on the spraying rod of the spraying machine is aimed at a corn growing belt to spray the herbicide, and a shield is provided at the position between the spraying rod corresponding to the corn growing belt and the wheat growing belt to prevent the herbicide from splashing into the wheat growing belt.

6. The method according to claim 3, Features: The corn is selected from high-yield and high-quality corn varieties that are resistant to dense planting, disease and strong in lodging resistance; the oats or barley are selected from varieties with a short growth period and resistance to low temperatures.

7. The method according to claim 3, Features: For the oats or barley, oats or barley base fertilizer is applied at the same time when sowing; for the corn, corn mouth fertilizer and / or corn base fertilizer is applied at the same time when sowing.

8. The method according to claim 3, Features: The land preparation adopts a rotary tiller.

9. The method according to claim 3, Features: The corn was sown using a no-till planter.

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