System and method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature by using porous medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature by using a porous medium, the system comprises a porous medium storage unit, a hydrogen compressor, a refrigerating system, a control system and a hydrogen supply and recovery system, and a crystal coating of an HCP or an FCC is constructed by using the pore surface of the porous medium; hydrogen is injected into a porous medium material with a high specific surface area and good adsorption performance under high pressure, the pressure is controlled to be 10-1000 Mpa, the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced to-75 DEG C to-240 DEG C, crystallization and solidification of the hydrogen on the surface of the porous medium are achieved under the low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, a control system monitors and adjusts parameters such as the temperature and the pressure in the system in real time, and the hydrogen can be recycled. The safety and reliability of the hydrogen storage process are ensured, when hydrogen needs to be released, the control system enables the hydrogen to be released from the porous medium in a temperature rise or pressure reduction mode, and the hydrogen is recovered and utilized through the hydrogen supply and recovery system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen energy storage technology, and in particular to a system and method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of the global energy crisis and the improvement of environmental awareness, hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention as a clean and efficient energy source. However, the storage of hydrogen has always been one of the bottlenecks restricting its widespread application. Traditional hydrogen storage methods, such as high-pressure gas cylinders and liquid hydrogen storage, have problems such as low storage efficiency, high storage pressure, and poor safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new and efficient hydrogen storage method.

[0003] Hydrogen is a gas that is very easy to leak, but solid hydrogen has a greatly reduced risk of leakage due to its solid properties, increasing the safety of storage and transportation. Solid hydrogen can be stored for a long time under appropriate conditions, without the need for continuous cooling to maintain its liquid state like liquid hydrogen. This can reduce storage costs and make long-term storage more feasible. Converting hydrogen to a solid state can significantly reduce its volume, which makes storage and transportation more convenient. For example, in the aerospace field, reducing the volume of fuel can save space, thereby increasing payload or improving performance.

[0004] As a clean energy source, hydrogen produces only water as a combustion product, which is environmentally friendly. The storage method of solid hydrogen further reduces the risk of leakage and emission, thereby improving its environmental friendliness. Solid hydrogen has a higher energy density than gaseous or liquid hydrogen. This means that solid hydrogen can store more energy in the same volume or mass. This is especially important for applications that require high energy density, such as aerospace, long-distance transportation, etc.

[0005] Chinese patent CN113148948A discloses a magnesium hydride solid-state hydrogen energy storage system and a method for improving hydrogen storage and release efficiency. The magnesium hydride solid-state hydrogen energy storage system includes a hydrogen storage and release tank and an external cold and hot fluid storage tank; the hydrogen storage and release tank is radially outward from the center to the outside, and is composed of a magnesium hydride porous medium hydrogen storage layer, a liquid cooling layer, a vacuum layer and a thermal insulation layer, wherein the magnesium hydride porous medium hydrogen storage layer is provided with a gas pipe and a heat pipe and an internal temperature measuring point shared by the hydrogen inlet and outlet, the gas pipe is connected to a hydrogen storage and release pipeline, and a pump, a valve, a flow meter and a pressure gauge are provided on the hydrogen storage and release pipeline; the upper part of the liquid cooling layer is connected to the cold fluid inlet, and the lower part is connected to the liquid cooling layer. Hot fluid outlet; cold fluid inlet and hot fluid outlet are connected to external cold and hot fluid storage tanks through liquid inlet and outlet pipelines; the vacuum layer is connected to the vacuum tube, but considering that the prior art is a magnesium hydride solid-state hydrogen energy storage system and a method for improving hydrogen storage and release efficiency that utilizes a metal hydride porous medium layer and hydrogen to react to achieve the purpose of storing hydrogen, the technology of the present application is to directly construct an HCP or FCC crystal coating (which is the main crystal structure of solid hydrogen) on the wall, and through the construction of the crystal coating and the creation of a low-temperature environment, induce hydrogen to directly cool down and crystallize into solid hydrogen for easy storage. The prior art is slightly insufficient. Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical problem solved: The present invention provides a system and method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media, which improves the density, stability and safety of hydrogen storage, optimizes the storage and release process, reduces storage costs, and promotes the development of hydrogen energy applications, solving technical problems such as low storage efficiency, high storage pressure, and poor safety in the prior art.

[0007] Technical solution: A system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media, the system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media consisting of a hydrogen supply and recovery system, a hydrogen compressor, a refrigeration system, a porous media storage unit and a control system, the hydrogen supply and recovery system is provided with a hydrogen release outlet and a hydrogen recovery inlet, the porous media storage unit is respectively provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet, the hydrogen release outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the porous media storage unit through a hydrogen compressor, the hydrogen outlet of the porous media storage unit is connected to the hydrogen recovery inlet, and the control system is electrically connected to the hydrogen compressor, the refrigeration system and the porous media storage unit respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the porous medium storage unit is a porous medium hydrogen storage tank for storing solid hydrogen. The porous medium hydrogen storage tank is composed of a porous medium material and a sealed hydrogen storage tank body. The porous medium material is filled inside the sealed hydrogen storage tank body. The inner surface of the sealed hydrogen storage tank body is provided with an HCP or FCC crystal coating.

[0009] Furthermore, the refrigeration system is composed of a refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The refrigeration system compresses nitrogen or helium refrigerant into a high-pressure gas through a compressor, and then dissipates heat through a condenser to become a low-temperature medium. When the low-temperature medium passes through the evaporator, it absorbs heat in the porous medium storage unit, thereby lowering the internal temperature of the porous medium storage unit, and is used to provide a low-temperature environment to allow hydrogen to cool and crystallize and maintain stable storage of solid hydrogen. The low-temperature medium is liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. The liquid nitrogen or liquid helium generated by the refrigeration system is transmitted to the HCP or FCC crystal coating on the inner wall of the porous medium storage unit through a liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet.

[0010] Furthermore, the control system is composed of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a controller and an actuator. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are responsible for monitoring the temperature and pressure parameters in the porous medium storage unit, and adjusting the working status of the refrigeration system and the hydrogen compressor through the controller and the actuator according to the preset threshold value. When the temperature or pressure exceeds the set value, the controller will start or shut down the refrigeration system and the hydrogen compressor to maintain a stable state inside the hydrogen storage tank, ensuring the safety and reliability of the hydrogen storage and release process.

[0011] Furthermore, the pressure of hydrogen in the threshold value preset by the control system is between 10Mpa and 1000Mpa, thereby adjusting the temperature of hydrogen in the porous medium storage unit to solid hydrogen to -75°C to -240°C, so that hydrogen can become solid without being cooled to below minus 253°C.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply and recovery system releases hydrogen through a hydrogen release outlet, and recovers the released hydrogen through a hydrogen recovery inlet.

[0013] The present application also discloses a method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Pre-treating porous media materials with high specific surface area and high porosity;

[0015] Step 2: constructing a HCP or FCC crystal coating on the inner wall of the porous medium storage unit;

[0016] Step 3: The hydrogen compressor creates a high-pressure environment, and the refrigeration system creates a low-temperature environment;

[0017] Step 4: contacting the hydrogen in the porous medium storage unit with the porous medium material so that the hydrogen molecules are induced to crystallize and store;

[0018] Step 5: Release hydrogen by increasing temperature or reducing pressure.

[0019] Furthermore, the porous medium material is pretreated to remove impurities and moisture. The pretreatment method is to clean the raw materials to remove impurities and pollutants on the surface to ensure the purity of the raw materials; secondly, the surface of the raw materials is activated by chemical or physical methods to increase its surface activity and improve its reactivity or adhesion with other substances; the porous medium material with high specific surface area and high porosity is metal organic framework MOFs and / or porous carbon nanomaterials, which are used to induce crystallization of hydrogen and enhance the stability of hydrogen storage; HCP or FCC crystal coating is used to induce crystallization of hydrogen molecules to achieve solid-state storage of hydrogen.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydrogen compressor creates a high-pressure environment, increases the hydrogen pressure, compresses the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply and recovery system into high-pressure gas, and transports the high-pressure gas to the porous medium storage unit to facilitate the formation of solid hydrogen, ensuring that the hydrogen is in a high-pressure state.

[0021] Furthermore, the porous medium material is placed in a low-temperature medium of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium; the hydrogen gas is converted into solid hydrogen by cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be maintained within a stable range of solid hydrogen.

[0022] Beneficial effects: 1. High hydrogen storage density: The porous medium unit has an extremely high specific surface area and porosity. The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on porous media can store more hydrogen in the same volume;

[0023] 2. High efficiency and stability under low temperature conditions: Under low temperature conditions, the HCP (or FCC) crystal coating on the surface of the porous medium unit can induce hydrogen crystallization and store hydrogen more stably, reducing the risk of hydrogen volatilization and leakage; compared with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage, solid hydrogen storage has higher safety under low temperature conditions;

[0024] 3. Reversible storage and release of hydrogen: By controlling the temperature and pressure of the storage environment, the reversible storage and release of hydrogen can be easily achieved;

[0025] 4. High safety: solid hydrogen is not easy to leak during storage, and the storage conditions are relatively stable, which improves the safety of hydrogen storage; compared with traditional liquid hydrogen storage and compressed gas hydrogen storage, the solid hydrogen storage system has higher safety performance;

[0026] 5. Easy to store and transport for a long time: Since solid hydrogen has a lower risk of leakage and stable storage performance, it is easy to store and transport for a long time; this is of great significance for the long-distance transmission and long-term storage of hydrogen energy;

[0027] 6. Hydrogen is a clean energy source whose only combustion product is water, which does not pollute the environment. The system based on low-temperature production and storage of solid hydrogen can effectively store and release hydrogen, further promoting the application and development of hydrogen energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a system for low-temperature production and storage of solid hydrogen using porous media for this application.

[0029] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Hydrogen supply and recovery system; 2. Hydrogen compressor; 3. Refrigeration system; 4. Porous medium storage unit; 5. Control system; 6. Hydrogen recovery inlet; 7. Hydrogen release outlet; 8. HCP or FCC crystal coating; 9. Liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media is composed of a hydrogen supply and recovery system 1, a hydrogen compressor 2, a refrigeration system 3, a porous media storage unit 4 and a control system 5. The hydrogen supply and recovery system 1 is provided with a hydrogen release outlet 7 and a hydrogen recovery inlet 6, and the porous media storage unit 4 is respectively provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet 9, the hydrogen release outlet 7 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the porous media storage unit 4 through the hydrogen compressor 2, the hydrogen outlet of the porous media storage unit 4 is connected to the hydrogen recovery inlet 6, and the control system 5 is electrically connected to the hydrogen compressor 2, the refrigeration system 3 and the porous media storage unit 4.

[0033] The porous medium storage unit 4 is a porous medium hydrogen storage tank for storing solid hydrogen. The porous medium hydrogen storage tank is composed of a porous medium material and a sealed hydrogen storage tank body. The porous medium material is filled inside the sealed hydrogen storage tank body. The inner surface of the sealed hydrogen storage tank body is provided with a HCP or FCC crystal coating 8.

[0034] The refrigeration system 3 is composed of a refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The refrigeration system 3 compresses the nitrogen or helium refrigerant into a high-pressure gas through the compressor, and then dissipates heat through the condenser to become a low-temperature medium. When the low-temperature medium passes through the evaporator, it absorbs the heat in the porous medium storage unit 4, so that the internal temperature of the porous medium storage unit 4 is reduced, which is used to provide a low-temperature environment, allowing the hydrogen to cool and crystallize and maintain stable storage of solid hydrogen. The low-temperature medium is liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. The liquid nitrogen or liquid helium generated by the refrigeration system 3 is transmitted to the HCP or FCC crystal coating 8 on the inner wall of the porous medium storage unit 4 through the liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet 9.

[0035] The control system 5 is composed of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a controller and an actuator. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are responsible for monitoring the temperature and pressure parameters in the porous medium storage unit 4, and adjusting the working status of the refrigeration system 3 and the hydrogen compressor 2 through the controller and the actuator according to the preset threshold value. When the temperature or pressure exceeds the set value, the controller will start or shut down the refrigeration system 3 and the hydrogen compressor 2 to maintain a stable state inside the hydrogen storage tank, ensuring the safety and reliability of the hydrogen storage and release process.

[0036] The threshold value preset by the control system 5 has a hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa to 1000 MPa, thereby adjusting the temperature of the hydrogen in the porous medium storage unit 4 to solid hydrogen to -75°C to -240°C, so that the hydrogen can become solid without cooling to below minus 253°C.

[0037] The hydrogen supply and recovery system 1 releases hydrogen through the hydrogen release outlet 7 and recovers the released hydrogen through the hydrogen recovery inlet 6 .

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Pre-treating porous media materials with high specific surface area and high porosity;

[0041] Step 2: constructing a HCP or FCC crystal coating on the inner wall of the porous medium storage unit 4;

[0042] Step 3: The hydrogen compressor 2 creates a high-pressure environment, and the refrigeration system 3 creates a low-temperature environment;

[0043] Step 4: The hydrogen in the porous medium storage unit 4 is brought into contact with the porous medium material so that the hydrogen molecules are induced to crystallize and store;

[0044] Step 5: Release hydrogen by increasing temperature or reducing pressure.

[0045] The porous medium material is pretreated to remove impurities and moisture. The pretreatment method is to clean the raw materials to remove impurities and pollutants on the surface to ensure the purity of the raw materials; secondly, the surface of the raw materials is activated by chemical or physical methods to increase its surface activity and improve its reactivity or adhesion with other substances; the porous medium material with high specific surface area and high porosity is metal organic framework MOFs and / or porous carbon nanomaterials, which are used to induce the crystallization of hydrogen and enhance the stability of hydrogen storage; HCP or FCC crystal coating is used to induce the crystallization of hydrogen molecules to achieve solid-state storage of hydrogen.

[0046] The hydrogen compressor 2 creates a high-pressure environment, increases the hydrogen pressure, compresses the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply and recovery system 1 into high-pressure gas, and transports the high-pressure gas to the porous medium storage unit 4 to facilitate the formation of solid hydrogen, ensuring that the hydrogen is in a high-pressure state.

[0047] The porous medium material is placed in a low-temperature medium of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium; hydrogen gas is converted into solid hydrogen by cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be maintained within a stable range of solid hydrogen.

[0048] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media, characterized in that: The system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media comprises a hydrogen supply and recovery system (1), a hydrogen compressor (2), a refrigeration system (3), a porous media storage unit (4) and a control system (5). The hydrogen supply and recovery system (1) is provided with a hydrogen release outlet (7) and a hydrogen recovery inlet (6). The porous media storage unit (4) is provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet (9), respectively. The hydrogen release outlet (7) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the porous media storage unit (4) through the hydrogen compressor (2). The hydrogen outlet of the porous media storage unit (4) is connected to the hydrogen recovery inlet (6). The control system (5) is electrically connected to the hydrogen compressor (2), the refrigeration system (3) and the porous media storage unit (4), respectively.

2. The system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous medium storage unit (4) is a porous medium hydrogen storage tank for storing solid hydrogen. The porous medium hydrogen storage tank is composed of a porous medium material and a sealed hydrogen storage tank body. The porous medium material is filled inside the sealed hydrogen storage tank body. The inner surface of the sealed hydrogen storage tank body is provided with an HCP or FCC crystal coating (8).

3. The system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration system (3) is composed of a refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The refrigeration system (3) compresses nitrogen or helium refrigerant into high-pressure gas through the compressor, and then dissipates heat through the condenser to become a low-temperature medium. When the low-temperature medium passes through the evaporator, it absorbs heat in the porous medium storage unit (4), thereby reducing the internal temperature of the porous medium storage unit (4) and providing a low-temperature environment to allow hydrogen to cool and crystallize and maintain stable storage of solid hydrogen. The low-temperature medium is liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. The liquid nitrogen or liquid helium generated by the refrigeration system (3) is transmitted to the HCP or FCC crystal coating (8) on the inner wall of the porous medium storage unit (4) through the liquid nitrogen or liquid helium inlet (9).

4. The system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system (5) is composed of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a controller and an actuator. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are responsible for monitoring the temperature and pressure parameters in the porous medium storage unit (4), and adjusting the working state of the refrigeration system (3) and the hydrogen compressor (2) through the controller and the actuator according to a preset threshold value. When the temperature or pressure exceeds the set value, the controller will start or shut down the refrigeration system (3) and the hydrogen compressor (2) to maintain a stable state in the hydrogen storage tank, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the hydrogen storage and release process.

5. The system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control system (5) presets a threshold value at which the hydrogen pressure is between 10 MPa and 1000 MPa, thereby adjusting the temperature at which the hydrogen in the porous medium storage unit (4) is converted into solid hydrogen to between -75°C and -240°C, so that the hydrogen can be converted into a solid state without being cooled to below -253°C.

6. The system for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply and recovery system (1) releases hydrogen through the hydrogen release outlet (7) and recovers the released hydrogen through the hydrogen recovery inlet (6).

7. A method for producing and storing solid hydrogen at low temperature using porous media in the system of claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Pre-treating porous media materials with high specific surface area and high porosity; Step 2: constructing a HCP or FCC crystal coating on the inner wall of the porous medium storage unit (4); Step 3: The hydrogen compressor (2) creates a high-pressure environment, and the refrigeration system (3) creates a low-temperature environment; Step 4: bringing the hydrogen in the porous medium storage unit (4) into contact with the porous medium material so that the hydrogen molecules are induced to crystallize and store; Step 5: Release hydrogen by increasing temperature or reducing pressure.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The porous medium material is pretreated to remove impurities and moisture. The pretreatment method is to clean the raw materials to remove impurities and pollutants on the surface to ensure the purity of the raw materials; secondly, the surface of the raw materials is activated by chemical or physical methods to increase its surface activity and improve its reactivity or adhesion with other substances; the porous medium material with high specific surface area and high porosity is metal organic framework MOFs and / or porous carbon nanomaterials, which are used to induce the crystallization of hydrogen and enhance the stability of hydrogen storage; HCP or FCC crystal coating is used to induce the crystallization of hydrogen molecules to achieve solid-state storage of hydrogen.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen compressor (2) creates a high-pressure environment, increases the hydrogen pressure, compresses the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply and recovery system (1) into high-pressure gas, and transports the high-pressure gas to the porous medium storage unit (4) to facilitate the formation of solid hydrogen, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen is in a high-pressure state.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The porous medium material is placed in a low-temperature medium of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium; hydrogen gas is converted into solid hydrogen by cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be maintained within a stable range of solid hydrogen.

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