Device and method for manufacturing heterostructure part through silk powder composite additive

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment and a method for manufacturing a heterostructure part through a wire and powder composite additive, and belongs to the technical field of advanced material preparation through high-energy beam rapid forming. The equipment for manufacturing the heterostructure part through the wire and powder composite additive material is composed of a robot, a control cabinet, a 3D printing head, a powder feeder, a wire feeding system, a laser, a wire feeding clamping mechanism, a wire feeding driving mechanism, a control unit, a powder feeding quality sensor, an optical morphology CCD monitor and the like. Advantages of efficient fuse wire additive and high-precision laser powder feeding additive are integrated, real-time monitoring of the powder feeding amount can be achieved through a powder feeding system quality sensor, and the number of revolutions of a powder feeding disc can be controlled; through a molten pool morphology CCD monitoring system, the size of a molten pool is measured in real time, laser power changes are regulated and controlled, and closed-loop feedback control is achieved; the material components are more accurately regulated and controlled, the automation degree of the preparation process is high, and the material adding precision and efficiency are remarkably improved while the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing of heterogeneous structures, and specifically to equipment and method for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology has developed rapidly in recent years. This method can accumulate "bottom-up" and "point-by-point and layer-by-layer" according to the designed planning path. It can form parts of any complex shape in one go, and the formed parts have uniform chemical composition and high density. It is widely used in various high-end manufacturing fields and can achieve the goal of rapid manufacturing of rare metal or high-performance material parts. At present, metal additive manufacturing can be divided into laser, electron beam and arc according to the type of heat source; it can be divided into wire material, powder material, etc. according to the type of material state.

[0003] Heterogeneous materials not only have the advantages of traditional metal-based materials but also have the advantages of multiple components and good comprehensive performance. Therefore, they have a wide range of application characteristics and prospects, and are the current research focus in the field of additive manufacturing. The combination of reasonable material regulation and advanced additive processes can improve the overall or local performance of alloys, which is practically feasible and technologically cutting-edge. In terms of performance improvement, the addition of alloying elements to achieve grain refinement and strength improvement of alloys is a necessary means. At present, the main problems in the existing technology are as follows: some of the current metal materials are mainly prepared by rolling, casting, powder metallurgy and other methods, and generally require composition adjustment from the raw materials, with a long development cycle, poor diversity of materials and structures, and cannot be user-defined. Further complex processing is required for the production of components, and the process is complex and the overall cost is high; the alloy composition of traditional single arc wire feeding additive manufacturing is limited by the composition of the material itself, resulting in insufficient flexibility in the regulation of trace alloy elements in the material during additive manufacturing, and obvious defects in the preparation of alloys with specified compositions; traditional powder feeding additive manufacturing has a large deposition powder feeding volume. As the powder feeding volume continues to increase, the powder feeding accuracy of the powder feeder gradually decreases, and the accuracy problem has become the main problem plaguing the industrial application of directed energy deposition manufacturing of heterogeneous materials.

[0004] The silk-powder composite additive manufacturing technology uses silk as the main material and powder as the auxiliary material to prepare controllable heterogeneous metal materials. The advantages of fused wire additive technology such as wide adaptability, high production efficiency, relatively simple process and relatively low cost are combined with the flexible and versatile characteristics of powder feeding additive technology in material selection and replacement. A wire feeding and powder feeding quality monitoring system is added to achieve high-precision manufacturing of heterogeneous materials and effectively ensure the uniformity of composition. It has good application prospects. There are currently no related reports in this regard. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to combine powder feeding and wire feeding technologies in a unified manner so as to give full play to their respective advantages and realize accurate, efficient, flexible and rapid preparation of heterogeneous materials.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0007] A device and method for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, comprising a robot (100), a control cabinet (200), a 3D printing head (300), a powder feeder (400), a wire feeding system (500), a laser (600), a wire feeding clamping mechanism (700), a wire feeding drive mechanism (800), and a control unit (900), wherein: the robot (100) is equipped with a 3D printing head (300), the powder feeding quality sensor is connected to the powder feeder (400) to form a powder feeding system, the laser (600), the 3D printing head (300) and an optical morphology CCD monitoring form an optical system with feedback, and the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) is connected to the powder feeding drive mechanism (800), and a control unit (900). 00) is fixedly connected to a wire feeding drive mechanism (800) and is fixedly connected at the wire outlet of a wire feeding system (500). The wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) comprises a first pulley (703) and a second pulley (704). The first pulley (703) is fixedly clamped by a transmission end of an encoder (705). The second pulley (704) is located below the first pulley (703). The wire feeding drive mechanism (800) comprises a friction wheel (804) and a third pulley (807). The friction wheel (804) is fixedly clamped by an output end of a driving motor (802). The third pulley (807) is located below the driving motor (802).

[0008] Preferably, the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) further comprises a fixed plate (701) and a side plate (702), wherein the fixed plate (701) is fixedly connected to the wire feeding system (500), and the side plate (702) is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed plate (701); the encoder (705) is fixedly connected to the fixed plate (701) by a fixed frame (706); a base (707) is provided below the encoder (705) and fixedly connected to the fixed plate (701); a screw rod (708) is rotatably connected inside the base (707); a paddle (709) is fixedly engaged at the bottom end of the screw rod (708); a sleeve rod (710) is meshed with the outer cylindrical surface of the screw rod (708); a slider (711) is fixedly engaged at the top end of the sleeve rod (710); and the slider (711) is slidably engaged with the side plate (702).

[0009] Preferably, the wire feeding drive mechanism (800) further comprises a connecting plate (801), a side frame (803) and an L-shaped frame (805); the connecting plate (801) is fixedly connected to the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700); one side of the connecting plate (801) is fixedly connected to the side frame (803); the output end of the driving motor (802) passes through the connecting plate (801) and the side frame (803); one side of the side frame (803) is rotatably connected to the L-shaped frame (805); a rotating shaft (806) is rotatably clamped at a corner of the L-shaped frame (805); a spring (808) is fixedly connected between the top end of the L-shaped frame (805) and the side frame (803); a pressing portion (809) is provided at the top end of the L-shaped frame (805); and the side frame (803) is fixedly connected to a wire feeding guide rod (810) between the friction wheel (804) and the third pulley (807).

[0010] Preferably, the powder feeding and wire feeding are integrated on the 3D printing head (300).

[0011] Preferably, the 3D printing head (300) adopts an annular laser beam, central wire feeding, and outer annular powder feeding mode, so that "light-wire-powder" acts on one point to form a molten pool and complete the material deposition process.

[0012] Preferably, four powder feeders (400) are provided, and feedback control is achieved by connecting to a powder feeding quality sensor.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by using silk powder composite additive materials, and adopts the above-mentioned equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by using silk powder composite additive materials. The specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Evaluate according to the preparation requirements and clarify the material of the wire to be fed, the type and quantity of powder and the location of addition;

[0015] Step 2: placing metal powder material and metal wire material into the powder feeder (400) and the wire feeding system (500) respectively;

[0016] Step 3: Import the 3D model into the slicing software for slicing and path planning;

[0017] Step 4: according to the initial path parameters and evaluation, set the additive process parameters, scanning strategy, and the switching time of the powder feeding system and the wire feeding system (500); obtain the additive parameters and robot operation code under the optimal path;

[0018] Step 5: Export the set additive trajectory parameters into robot operation code and import it into the control unit (900);

[0019] Step 6: After the program is set, print layer by layer until the entire part is processed.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The use of wire makes the material more economical and has a high material utilization rate, which can reduce the cost of additive manufacturing.

[0022] (2) By using an annular laser beam, central wire feeding and outer annular powder feeding, the "light-wire-powder" is applied to one point to form a molten pool and complete the material deposition process. While achieving high material utilization, the composition of the molten pool can be flexibly and quickly adjusted to ensure efficient and high-quality manufacturing of heterogeneous materials.

[0023] (3) The powder feeding system is equipped with a mass sensor to measure the powder feeding amount in real time and control the number of rotations of the powder disk. Through closed-loop feedback control, accurate addition of alloying elements is achieved to ensure the alloy composition.

[0024] (4) The optical system is equipped with a CCD monitoring system for the molten pool morphology to measure the molten pool size in real time, control the laser power change, and ensure the stability and reliability of the molten pool through closed-loop feedback control.

[0025] The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is the overall connection schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the wire feeding clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the wire feeding clamping mechanism of the present invention from another perspective;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the screw rod and the slider of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the position relationship of the side panels of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the wire feeding drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the L-shaped frame connection of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the side frame structure of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a powder feeding system with a mass sensor of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the optical system with optical morphology CCD monitoring of the present invention. Description of the drawings:

[0037] 100. Robot; 200. Control cabinet; 300. 3D printing head; 400. Powder feeder; 500. Wire feeding system; 600. Laser; 700. Wire feeding clamping mechanism; 701. Fixed plate; 702. Side plate; 703. First pulley; 704. Second pulley; 705. Encoder; 706. Fixed frame; 707. Base; 708. Screw; 709. Pick; 710. Sleeve rod; 711. Slider; 800. Wire feeding drive mechanism; 801. Connecting plate; 802. Drive motor; 803. Side frame; 804. Friction wheel; 805. L-shaped frame; 806. Rotating shaft; 807. Third pulley; 808. Spring; 809. Pressing part; 810. Wire feeding guide rod; 900. Control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the content disclosed in the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0039] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly connected by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terminology used in the specification of the present invention is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0041] Please refer to the attached Figure 1-10, an equipment and method for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, including a robot 100, a control cabinet 200, a 3D printing head 300, a powder feeder 400, a wire feeding system 500, a laser 600, a wire feeding clamping mechanism 700, a wire feeding drive mechanism 800, a control unit 900, a powder feeding quality sensor and an optical morphology CCD monitoring system, etc. Among them: the robot 100 is equipped with a 3D printing head 300; the powder feeding quality sensor is connected to the powder feeder 400 to form a powder feeding system; the laser 600, the 3D printing head 300 and the optical morphology CCD monitoring constitute an optical system with feedback; the wire feeding clamping mechanism 700 and the wire feeding driving mechanism 800 are fixedly connected and fixedly connected at the wire outlet of the wire feeding system 500, the wire feeding clamping mechanism 700 includes a first pulley 703 and a second pulley 704, the first pulley 703 is fixedly clamped by the transmission end of the encoder 705, and the second pulley 704 is located below the first pulley 703, the wire feeding driving mechanism 800 includes a friction wheel 804 and a third pulley 807, the friction wheel 804 is fixedly clamped by the output end of the driving motor 802, and the third pulley 807 is located below the driving motor 802.

[0042] Please refer to the attached Figure 3-5 The wire feeding clamping mechanism 700 also includes a fixed plate 701 and a side plate 702. The fixed plate 701 is fixedly connected to the wire feeding system 500. The side plate 702 is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed plate 701. The encoder 705 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 701 by a fixed frame 706. A base 707 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 701 below the encoder 705. A screw rod 708 is rotatably connected to the inside of the base 707. A paddle 709 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the screw rod 708. A sleeve is meshed on the outer cylindrical surface of the screw rod 708. Rod 710, the top end of sleeve rod 710 is fixedly connected with slider 711, and slider 711 is slidably connected with side plate 702. The screw rod 708 is rotated by rotating paddle 709, and then sleeve rod 710 is engaged with screw rod 708, and sleeve rod 710 is restricted by slider 711, so that slider 711 slides up and down, so that the distance between the first pulley 703 and the second pulley 704 can be adjusted to adapt to the diameter of wire feeding, and during the wire feeding process, the first pulley 703 is connected to encoder 705 to record its length.

[0043] Please refer to the attached Figure 6-8The wire feeding drive mechanism 800 also includes a connecting plate 801, a side frame 803 and an L-shaped frame 805. The connecting plate 801 is fixedly connected to the wire feeding clamping mechanism 700. One side of the connecting plate 801 is fixedly connected to the side frame 803. The output end of the driving motor 802 passes through the connecting plate 801 and the side frame 803. One side of the side frame 803 is rotatably connected to the L-shaped frame 805. The corner of the L-shaped frame 805 is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft 806. A spring 806 is fixedly connected between the top of the L-shaped frame 805 and the side frame 803. 08. A pressing portion 809 is provided at the top of the L-shaped frame 805. The side frame 803 is located between the friction wheel 804 and the third pulley 807 and is fixedly connected with a wire feeding guide rod 810. Through the action of the spring 808, the third pulley 807 always has a force close to the friction wheel 804. When the driving motor 802 is working, the wire feeding efficiency can be effectively improved. In addition, due to the action of the wire feeding clamping mechanism 700 and the wire feeding driving mechanism 800, there is a support point during the wire feeding process, which can ensure that the wire will not break.

[0044] The specific operation process of the present invention is as follows:

[0045] The laser 600 is connected to the laser coaxial wire-powder feeding composite 3D printing head 300 mounted on the arm of the robot 100 through an optical fiber, and the optical morphology CCD monitoring is used to detect the optical path and the morphology of the molten pool. The wire and powder are synchronously fed into the molten pool through the wire feeding system 400 and the powder feeding system equipped with a quality sensor respectively; the robot 100 is an actuator, and the printing process is formed under the control of the control system composed of the digital PLC control unit 900 and the robot control cabinet 200.

[0046] (1) Metal powder particles and metal wire are placed in an adjustable powder feeding device and a wire feeding device; preferably, the metal wire is TC4 titanium alloy metal wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm; 4-way powder cylinders are respectively filled with WC, TiC, CrC, and VC ceramic carbide powders with a particle size range of 50-100 microns.

[0047] (2) Using 3D modeling software to create a 3D model of the part to be printed, and importing the 3D model into slicing software for slicing;

[0048] (3) Setting laser process parameters, scanning strategies, and the opening and closing times of the powder supply system and wire feeding system to obtain the printing parameters and robot operation code under the optimal path;

[0049] (4) The three-dimensional model, printing parameters and robot operation code are input into the industrial computer. Preferably, the laser power corresponding to the fuse is 3kW, the laser scanning speed is 540mm / min, the wire feeding speed is 1m / min, the overlap is 1.5mm, the powder feeding speed is 1g / min, and the powder-carrying air flow speed is 6L / min.

[0050] (5) The entire part is in an inert gas atmosphere, argon is used as the protective gas, and the water and oxygen content is ≤30ppm.

[0051] (6) After printing begins, printing is performed layer by layer until the entire component is completed.

[0052] Specifically, the above-mentioned equipment and method for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by using a silk-powder composite additive manufacturing method uses a ring laser as a melting heat source, deposits materials with economical and commercialized silk as the main material, and adopts a central wire feeding mode; uses powder as an auxiliary material, and a four-way powder feeding mode to achieve directional energy deposition. In the quality assurance link, the powder feeding amount and the molten pool width are monitored in real time, and closed-loop feedback control is achieved. The surface accuracy of the parts is high, the forming speed is fast, and the material utilization rate is high, which can realize the additive manufacturing of high-performance parts and heterogeneous metal materials.

[0053] The above is an exemplary description of the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned method. As long as such non-substantial improvements are made by adopting the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the concept and technical solution of the present invention are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, characterized in that: The invention comprises a robot (100), a control cabinet (200), a 3D printing head (300), a powder feeder (400), a wire feeding system (500), a laser (600), a wire feeding clamping mechanism (700), a wire feeding drive mechanism (800), and a control unit (900), wherein: the robot (100) is equipped with a 3D printing head (300), the powder feeding quality sensor is connected to the powder feeder (400) to form a powder feeding system, the laser (600), the 3D printing head (300) and the optical morphology CCD monitoring form an optical system with feedback, the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) and the wire feeding drive mechanism (800) are connected to the 3D printing head (300), and the powder feeding quality sensor is connected to the powder feeder (400) to form a powder feeding system, the laser (600), the 3D printing head (300) and the optical morphology CCD monitoring form an optical system with feedback, and the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) and the wire feeding drive mechanism (800) are connected to the 3D printing head (300). 800) is fixedly connected and fixedly connected at the wire outlet of the wire feeding system (500), the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) includes a first pulley (703) and a second pulley (704), the first pulley (703) is fixedly clamped by the transmission end of the encoder (705), and the second pulley (704) is located below the first pulley (703), the wire feeding drive mechanism (800) includes a friction wheel (804) and a third pulley (807), the friction wheel (804) is fixedly clamped by the output end of the drive motor (802), and the third pulley (807) is located below the drive motor (802).

2. The equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding clamping mechanism (700) further comprises a fixed plate (701) and a side plate (702), wherein the fixed plate (701) is fixedly connected to the wire feeding system (500), and the side plate (702) is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed plate (701); the encoder (705) is fixedly connected to the fixed plate (701) by a fixed frame (706); a base (707) is provided below the encoder (705) and fixedly connected to the fixed plate (701); a screw rod (708) is rotatably connected inside the base (707); a paddle (709) is fixedly engaged at the bottom end of the screw rod (708); a sleeve rod (710) is meshed with the outer cylindrical surface of the screw rod (708); a slider (711) is fixedly engaged at the top end of the sleeve rod (710); and the slider (711) is slidably engaged with the side plate (702).

3. The equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding drive mechanism (800) further comprises a connecting plate (801), a side frame (803) and an L-shaped frame (805); the connecting plate (801) is fixedly connected to the wire feeding clamping mechanism (700); one side of the connecting plate (801) is fixedly connected to the side frame (803); the output end of the driving motor (802) passes through the connecting plate (801) and the side frame (803); one side of the side frame (803) is rotatably connected to the L-shaped frame (805); a rotating shaft (806) is rotatably connected at a corner of the L-shaped frame (805); a spring (808) is fixedly connected between the top end of the L-shaped frame (805) and the side frame (803); a pressing portion (809) is provided at the top end of the L-shaped frame (805); and the side frame (803) is fixedly connected to a wire feeding guide rod (810) located between the friction wheel (804) and the third pulley (807).

4. The equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder feeding and wire feeding are integrated on the 3D printing head (300).

5. The equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 3D printing head (300) adopts an annular laser beam, a central wire feeding mode, and an outer annular powder feeding mode, so that "light-wire-powder" acts on one point to form a molten pool and complete the material deposition process.

6. The equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder feeders (400) are provided with four and are connected to a powder feeding quality sensor to achieve feedback control.

7. A method for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts by silk powder composite additive manufacturing, characterized in that: The equipment for manufacturing heterogeneous structural parts using the silk powder composite additive manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the specific steps of the method are as follows: Step 1: Evaluate according to the preparation requirements and clarify the material of the wire to be fed, the type and quantity of powder and the location of addition; Step 2: placing metal powder material and metal wire material into the powder feeder (400) and the wire feeding system (500) respectively; Step 3: Import the 3D model into the slicing software for slicing and planning the path; Step 4: according to the initial path parameters and evaluation, set the additive process parameters, scanning strategy, and the switching time of the powder feeding system and the wire feeding system (500); obtain the additive parameters and robot operation code under the optimal path; Step 5: Export the set additive trajectory parameters into robot operation code and import it into the control unit (900); Step 6: After the program is set, print layer by layer until the entire part is processed.

Images