Battery performance estimation method and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile batteries, in particular to a battery performance estimation method and device, and the device comprises an EMS system housing, a control module, a sampling module, a battery pack, a liquid cooling plate, a variable diameter assembly, a telescopic plate, a commutation assembly and an adjusting plate. A control module and a sampling module are arranged in the EMS system shell; the battery pack is positioned in the EMS system shell; the liquid cooling plate is located below the battery pack, a plurality of working chambers are formed in the liquid cooling plate, and a driving cavity communicated with the working chambers is formed in the liquid cooling plate; the variable-diameter assembly is installed in the driving cavity, the telescopic plate is located in the driving cavity, and when the temperature of the battery pack rises, the variable-diameter assembly drives the telescopic plate to slide; the commutation assembly is located in the driving cavity, when the temperature of the battery pack rises, the commutation assembly drives the adjusting plate to conduct centering displacement, the uniformity of the temperature of EMS system hardware is achieved through changes of the temperature and the pressure intensity, the collection precision is improved, the collection uniformity is kept, and the estimation effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicle batteries, and in particular to a battery performance estimation method and device. Background Art

[0002] The battery management system, also known as the EMS system, has the main function of real-time monitoring and reporting of the battery pack of new energy vehicles, and dynamically monitoring the working status of the battery pack. During the battery charging and discharging process, it collects the battery voltage, temperature, and charging and discharging current information in real time, and accurately estimates the charge state of the battery pack to ensure that the remaining battery power is maintained within a reasonable range, preventing damage to the battery due to overcharging or over-discharging.

[0003] The hardware of the EMS system includes a control module, a sampling module, a battery pack and a liquid cooling plate. The control module is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack. The control module includes a master control box and a slave control box. The master control box is connected to multiple slave control boxes. The slave control boxes and batteries are connected to each other one by one. The sampling module is composed of sensors to detect the voltage, temperature and current of the battery in real time. The liquid cooling plate is used to ensure that the EMS system hardware is cooled to ensure the stability of the EMS system.

[0004] During the charging and discharging process of the battery pack, the data of the battery pack is collected through the sampling component for real-time detection. However, the battery pack will generate a large amount of heat during the charging and discharging process. This heat is transferred to the sampling module through heat conduction and heat radiation, causing the temperature of the sampling module to rise, affecting the collection accuracy of the sensor in the sampling module. Since the performance of each single battery in the battery pack is different, the heat generated by the battery during the charging and discharging process is different, and the liquid cooling plate cannot guarantee the uniformity of the battery pack temperature, resulting in uneven temperature distribution, so that the sampling modules in different areas are heated differently, and the accuracy and uniformity of the sampling module collection cannot be guaranteed.

[0005] To this end, the prior art has proposed a liquid-cooled power battery pack for electric vehicles. The device improves the safety performance of the battery pack through modular design, reduces its manufacturing cost, can achieve functional requirements at a low cost and high standard, and is easy to achieve mass production. However, the effect of temperature on the collection accuracy of sampling modules in different areas has not yet been resolved.

[0006] In view of this, we propose a battery performance estimation method and device. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a battery performance estimation method and device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A battery performance estimation method, S1. The voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the collection module, and the voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by using a dedicated battery parameter sensor, such as a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and the data processing unit is used to process the real-time collected data to identify the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery, and the data processing unit uses at least one algorithm selected from Kalman filtering, neural network, and model predictive control to estimate SOC, SOH, and RUL; S2. Building a model for battery experimental data through a model building module, wherein the model building module uses at least one method selected from an equivalent circuit model, an electrochemical model, and a neural network model to build a battery electrochemical model; simulating and analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the battery through a data simulation method, using a numerical simulation method, such as a finite element method, a differential method, etc., to simulate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and combining the battery parameter identification results and the digital model to predict and estimate the battery's SOC, SOH, and the remaining service life of the battery; Combined with the battery parameter identification results and electrochemical model, the state estimation algorithm is used to estimate the battery's SOC in real time; the battery's working status and historical data are monitored, and the battery's SOH is estimated using a special algorithm in combination with factors such as ambient temperature and the number of charge and discharge cycles; based on the battery's historical data and current status, the remaining service life of the battery is predicted and estimated using a prediction algorithm; S3. Dynamically adjust the battery management strategy, including charging and discharging current and voltage parameters, based on the real-time status and performance information of the battery in combination with optimization algorithms, such as model predictive control and genetic algorithms. At the same time, the evaluation module uses battery parameter identification results and historical data to monitor the working status of the battery in real time and accurately diagnose and locate internal battery faults. The evaluation module includes at least one function selected from a state estimator, a prediction algorithm, and a fault diagnosis module, which is used to evaluate the battery performance and status in real time.

[0009] A battery performance estimation device, comprising an EMS system housing, a control module, a sampling module, a battery pack, a liquid cooling plate, a variable diameter component, a telescopic plate, a commutation component and a regulating plate; A control module and a sampling module are provided in the EMS system housing; the control module is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack; the sampling module is used to detect the real-time parameters of the battery pack; the battery pack is located in the EMS system housing and is connected to the control module and the sampling module respectively. The battery pack is composed of multiple batteries. The control module is divided into a main control box and a slave control box. The main control box is connected to multiple slave control boxes. The main control box controls the slave control box. The slave control box is connected to each battery separately to control a single battery. The sampling module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a current sensor for collecting various performances of the battery; the liquid cooling plate is located below the battery pack, and inlet holes and outlet holes are provided at both ends of the liquid cooling plate. A plurality of working rooms are provided in the liquid cooling plate. The grid array in the working room has heat-conducting columns, which are used to transfer the heat of the battery. The heat-conducting columns transfer the heat of the battery to themselves, and then absorb the heat through the circulation of the coolant, thereby achieving cooling and cooling. A flow exchange hole is provided between two adjacent working rooms, and a driving cavity connected to the working room is provided on the liquid cooling plate; The variable diameter component is installed in the driving cavity, and the telescopic plate is located in the driving cavity. When the temperature of the battery pack rises, the variable diameter component drives the telescopic plate to slide, and the sliding of the telescopic plate expands the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant. The increase in the flow rate of the coolant causes the pressure between the coolant and the working room to increase, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant and improving the cooling efficiency; the variable diameter component drives the telescopic plate to contract; the commutation component is located in the driving cavity, and the adjustment plate is symmetrically arranged in the working chamber. The adjustment plate is provided with a through hole corresponding to the commutation hole. When the temperature of the battery pack rises, the commutation component drives the adjustment plate to move to the center, and the adjustment plate moves to the center to reduce the volume of the working chamber, thereby pressurizing the coolant, increasing the flow rate of the coolant, and cooperating with the variable diameter component to increase the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant and improving the cooling efficiency. At the same time, the coolant is circulated in different working chambers through the commutation hole, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation of the liquid cooling plate.

[0010] Preferably, the heat-conducting columns are arranged in a hexagonal structure as a whole, and the heat-conducting columns and the exchange holes are arranged in a staggered manner. The hexagonal structure of the heat-conducting columns guides the flow of the coolant, so that the coolant can quickly flow to both sides, and the coolant can evenly and quickly fill the working chamber to ensure the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling plate. The heat-conducting columns and the exchange holes are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the coolant flowing out of the exchange holes is located exactly between the gaps between the two heat-conducting columns, and flows horizontally under the action of the heat-conducting columns.

[0011] Preferably, the variable diameter assembly includes a memory metal, a reciprocating rack, a return spring, a drive plate, a fixed plate and a limit rod; one end of the memory metal is fixedly connected to the drive cavity, and the other end of the memory metal is connected to the reciprocating rack. When the battery temperature rises, the memory metal will gradually expand and recover as the temperature rises, thereby pushing the reciprocating rack; the reciprocating rack is slidably installed in the drive cavity, and the reciprocating rack is connected to the inner wall of the drive cavity by a return spring, and the return spring is used to reset the reciprocating rack when the battery temperature drops and the memory metal contracts; the drive plate is located below the reciprocating rack and meshes with the reciprocating rack; a drive groove is provided on the drive plate; a fixed plate is provided on one side of the drive plate, and a limit groove corresponding to the drive groove is provided on the fixed plate; a A limit rod, wherein both ends of the limit rod are respectively located in a driving groove and a limit groove, and the limit rod is fixedly connected to the telescopic plate. The driving plate rotates under the action of a reciprocating rack, and then drives the limit rod to move through the driving groove, and the limit rod maintains the stability of the motion trajectory under the action of the limit groove of the fixed plate, so that the limit rod drives the telescopic plate to contract and expand the diameter of the inlet hole, the coolant flow rate remains unchanged, the flow diameter increases, and thus the coolant flow rate increases, thereby promoting the cooling effect; buffer slopes are provided at both ends of the telescopic plate, and the buffer slopes are used to reduce the resistance of the telescopic plate to the coolant. When the coolant flows in along the inlet hole, the coolant will not vertically impact the telescopic plate, but will flow obliquely along the buffer slope, thereby avoiding obstruction of the coolant flow, resulting in a reduction in the flow rate, and then a reduction in the inlet flow.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting protrusion is provided on the reciprocating rack, and a groove cooperating with the limiting protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the driving cavity. The driving rack and the inner wall of the driving cavity realize the step-by-step change of the adjustment plate through the mutual cooperation of the limiting protrusion and the groove. The temperature rise of the expansion and recovery of the memory metal is equally divided. Every time the temperature rise reaches a certain value, the memory metal expands and pushes the reciprocating rack forward one grid, thereby avoiding the shaking of the reciprocating rack caused by a slight temperature difference, which affects the stability of the operation of the telescopic plate.

[0013] Preferably, the commutation assembly includes a driving rack, a transmission wheel, a driven rack, a push rod, a hose, a rolling roller and a pull rod; the driving rack is located in the working chamber and below the driving plate; a transmission wheel is provided on one side of the driving rack; the transmission wheel is meshed with the driving rack, and a driven rack is provided above the transmission wheel; the driven rack is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate, and the driving rack slides horizontally under the action of the driving plate, and then meshes with the transmission wheel, driving the transmission wheel to rotate, and the transmission wheel drives the driven rack to move in the opposite direction to the driving rack, thereby driving the adjustment plate fixedly connected to the driven rack to move synchronously, thereby reducing the volume of the working chamber; one end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the driving rack, and the The other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate, and the push rod and the driving rack are displaced in the same direction to drive the adjustment plate to move, thereby changing the volume of the working room; drainage surfaces are provided at both ends of the adjustment plate, and the through hole is a truncated cone structure. The drainage surface is used to reduce the resistance of the adjustment plate to the coolant. When the adjustment plate is extended, the drainage surface will reduce the resistance between the coolant and the adjustment plate, thereby ensuring the flow speed of the coolant, avoiding the coolant flow speed being reduced due to the adjustment plate, affecting the horizontal circulation efficiency of the coolant, and the truncated cone structure pressurizes the coolant, thereby increasing the speed of the coolant flowing through the exchange hole, so that the coolant can quickly flow into the adjacent working room and be fully mixed with the coolant in the adjacent working room. , improving the cooling efficiency of the coolant; a hose is provided between two adjacent adjustment plates; the diameter of the middle end of the hose is larger than the diameter of the two ends, the middle end of the hose is fixedly installed in the commutation hole, and a rolling roller is provided on one side of the hose; the rolling roller is located in the driving cavity and at the middle end of the hose, and the rolling roller is symmetrically provided with engaging holes, and a pull rod is installed in the engaging hole; the pull rod is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate, and the hose is made of plastic and has a certain elasticity and can be stretched, so that the adjustment plate maintains the sealing between the adjustment plate and the inner wall of the working chamber during the movement, avoiding the coolant from entering between the two during the movement of the adjustment plate, causing obstacles to the movement of the adjustment plate, and at the same time, avoiding The coolant enters the drive cavity to ensure the dryness of the drive cavity. When the adjustment plate is sliding, the temperature of the battery pack on each working room is different, which makes the flow distance of the adjustment plate different, resulting in different pulling forces of the pull rod fixedly connected to the adjustment plate on the rolling roller. When the temperature of the working room is high, the adjustment plate moves a large distance, and the pull rod on it has a greater pulling force on the rolling roller, thereby pulling the rolling roller to move in the same direction. The sliding of the rolling roller squeezes the hose, causing the diameter of the hose close to the working room with a lower temperature to increase, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the coolant, thereby increasing the flow speed of the coolant, and allowing the coolant to quickly flow from the working room with a lower temperature to the working room with a higher temperature.

[0014] Preferably, the rolling roller is divided into a sliding section and an extrusion section; the sliding section is symmetrically provided with engaging holes connected to the pull rod, the extrusion section is a hemispherical structure, and the hemispherical structure is provided with an arc surface. The engaging structure between the rolling roller and the pull rod facilitates the sliding of the rolling roller. When the temperature of a certain working room is higher, the pulling force of the pull rod on the rolling roller increases, thereby pulling the rolling roller to move in the same direction, while the pull rod in the working room with a lower temperature is separated from the rolling roller through the engaging hole, which does not affect the normal sliding of the rolling roller. The arc surface structure of the rolling roller enhances the contact area between the rolling roller and the hose, thereby enhancing the change of the hose diameter caused by the rolling roller, thereby further increasing the flow rate difference of the coolant in adjacent working rooms, thereby promoting the cooling effect.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: A battery performance estimation method and device, which realizes effective temperature regulation through the cooperation of a variable diameter component and a commutation component, avoids the phenomenon of excessive temperature in a local area, ensures the overall uniformity of temperature, and improves the uniformity and accuracy of collection.

[0016] A battery performance estimation method and device, which realizes horizontal circulation of coolant through a commutation component, realizes the circulation of coolant in different working chambers, and thus ensures the uniformity of the overall temperature of a battery pack.

[0017] A battery performance estimation method and device, which realizes the generation of flow rate difference through an adjustment plate, thereby ensuring the horizontal flow efficiency of the coolant, enhancing the exchange of high-temperature and low-temperature coolants, and improving the cooling effect of the liquid cooling plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 Capacity degradation curves of four NASA batteries at an ambient temperature of 24°C. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified image of point A; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of point B; Figure 7 It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point C; Fig. 9 It is a stepped cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention; Fig.10 For the present invention Fig. 9 Enlarged view of point D; Fig.11 It is an overall diagram of the variable diameter assembly of the present invention; Fig.12 It is an overall diagram of the variable diameter assembly and the commutation assembly of the present invention; Fig.13 For the present invention Fig.12 Enlarged view of point E; Fig.14 It is an overall diagram of the commutation assembly of the present invention; Fig.15 It is an overall view of the laminating roller of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. EMS system housing; 2. Control module; 3. Sampling module; 4. Battery pack; 5. Liquid cooling plate; 51. Studio; 511. Flow exchange hole; 52. Heat conducting column; 53. Driving cavity; 531. Limiting groove; 6. Variable diameter assembly; 61. Memory metal; 62. Reciprocating rack; 621. Limiting protrusion; 63. Return spring; 64. Driving plate; 641. Driving groove; 65. Fixed plate; 651. Groove; 66. Limiting rod; 7. Telescopic board; 8. commutation assembly; 81. driving rack; 82. transmission wheel; 83. driven rack; 84. push rod; 85. hose; 86. rolling roller; 861. sliding section; 8611. engaging hole; 862. extrusion section; 8621. hemispherical structure; 8622. arc surface; 87. pull rod; 9. adjustment plate; 91. through hole; 92. drainage surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] A technical solution provided by the present invention: A battery performance estimation method and device, such as Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, a battery performance estimation method based on multi-parameter identification includes a collection module, a data collection unit, a model building module and an evaluation module; S1. The voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the collection module, and the voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by using a dedicated battery parameter sensor, such as a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and the data processing unit is used to process the real-time collected data to identify the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery, and the data processing unit uses at least one algorithm selected from Kalman filtering, neural network, and model predictive control to estimate SOC, SOH, and RUL; S2. Building a model for battery experimental data through a model building module, wherein the model building module uses at least one method selected from an equivalent circuit model, an electrochemical model, and a neural network model to build a battery electrochemical model; simulating and analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the battery through a data simulation method, using a numerical simulation method, such as a finite element method, a differential method, etc., to simulate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and combining the battery parameter identification results and the digital model to predict and estimate the battery's SOC, SOH, and the remaining service life of the battery; Combining the battery parameter identification results and electrochemical model, a state estimation algorithm, such as extended Kalman filter and neural network-based method, is used to estimate the battery SOC in real time. Monitor the working status and historical data of the battery, and use a special algorithm to estimate the battery's SOH, including capacity decay and internal resistance increase, based on factors such as ambient temperature and number of charge and discharge cycles; Based on the historical data and current status of the battery, the remaining service life of the battery is predicted and estimated using prediction algorithms such as Markov chain models and regression analysis; S3. Dynamically adjust the battery management strategy, including charging and discharging current and voltage parameters, according to the real-time status and performance information of the battery in combination with optimization algorithms, such as model predictive control and genetic algorithms. At the same time, the evaluation module uses the battery parameter identification results and historical data to monitor the working status of the battery in real time, and accurately diagnose and locate the internal faults of the battery; the evaluation module includes at least one function selected from the state estimator, prediction algorithm, and fault diagnosis module, which is used to evaluate the battery performance and status in real time; using the battery parameter identification results and historical data, a fault diagnosis algorithm, such as a pattern recognition algorithm and a support vector machine, is adopted to monitor the working status of the battery in real time, and accurately diagnose and locate the internal faults of the battery.

[0022] The present invention Figure 2The battery capacity is estimated using NASA's 18650 lithium battery charge and discharge history data. The horizontal axis is the charge and discharge cycle of the lithium battery (unit: times), and the vertical axis is the capacity of the lithium battery. 1.4Ah is the battery degradation threshold. When the actual battery capacity is lower than the degradation threshold, the battery needs to be charged or replaced to ensure the stable operation of the equipment. B0005, B0006, B0007, and B0018 are group numbers for different batteries. By numbering and grouping different batteries, a mutual control group is formed, which further shows in detail the decline curve of the actual battery capacity after several rounds of charge and discharge cycles.

[0023] like Figures 3 to 15 As shown, a battery performance estimation device includes an EMS system housing 1, a control module 2, a sampling module 3, a battery pack 4, a liquid cooling plate 5, a variable diameter component 6, a telescopic plate 7, a commutation component 8 and an adjustment plate 9; A control module 2 and a sampling module 3 are provided in the EMS system housing 1; the control module 2 is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack 4; the sampling module 3 is used to detect the real-time parameters of the battery pack 4; the battery pack 4 is located in the EMS system housing 1, and is connected to the control module 2 and the sampling module 3 respectively, the battery pack 4 is composed of multiple batteries, the control module 2 is divided into a master control box and a slave control box, the master control box is connected to multiple slave control boxes, the master control box controls the slave control box, the slave control box is connected to each battery separately, and controls a single battery, the sampling module 3 includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a current sensor, which are used to collect various performances of the battery; the liquid cooling plate 5 is located below the battery pack 4, and the liquid cooling plate 5 has inlet holes and outlet holes at both ends; The liquid cooling plate 5 is provided with a plurality of working chambers 51, and the working chambers 51 correspond to the number of columns of the battery pack 4, so that each column of batteries is just located above the working chamber 51, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling plate 5. The working chamber 51 has a grid array with heat-conducting columns 52, and the heat-conducting columns 52 are used to transfer the heat of the battery. The coolant flows through the heat-conducting columns 52 quickly, takes away the temperature of the heat-conducting columns 52, and reduces the temperature of the heat-conducting columns 52, thereby accelerating the heat transfer from the battery temperature to the heat-conducting columns 52, thereby reducing the battery temperature. The heat-conducting columns 52 are arranged in a hexagonal structure as a whole, and the heat-conducting columns 52 and The exchange holes 511 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the hexagonal structure of the heat-conducting columns 52 guides the flow of the coolant, so that the coolant can flow quickly to both sides, and the coolant can evenly and quickly fill the working room 51, thereby ensuring the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling plate 5. The heat-conducting columns 52 and the exchange holes 511 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the coolant flowing out of the exchange holes 511 is just located between the gaps between the two heat-conducting columns 52, and flows horizontally under the action of the heat-conducting columns 52. A exchange hole 511 is provided between two adjacent working rooms 51, and a driving cavity 53 connected to the working room 51 is provided on the liquid cooling plate 5; The variable diameter assembly 6 is installed in the driving cavity 53, and the telescopic plate 7 is located in the inlet hole. When the temperature of the battery pack 4 rises, the variable diameter assembly 6 drives the telescopic plate 7 to slide, and the telescopic plate 7 slides to expand the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant. The increase in the flow rate of the coolant causes the pressure between the coolant and the working chamber 51 to increase, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant. The increase in the flow rate of the coolant causes the pressure between the coolant and the working chamber 51 to increase, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant and improving the cooling efficiency. The variable diameter component 6 drives the telescopic plate 7 to contract; the commutation component 8 is located in the driving cavity 53, and the adjustment plate 9 is symmetrically arranged in the working room 51. The adjustment plate 9 is provided with a through hole 91 corresponding to the commutation hole 511. When the temperature of the battery pack 4 rises, the commutation component 8 drives the adjustment plate 9 to shift to the center, and the centering displacement of the adjustment plate 9 reduces the volume of the working room 51, thereby pressurizing the coolant, increasing the flow rate of the coolant, and cooperating with the variable diameter component 6 to increase the diameter of the flow inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant and improving the cooling efficiency. At the same time, the coolant is circulated in different working rooms 51 through the commutation hole 511, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation of the liquid cooling plate 5.

[0024] One end of the memory metal 61 is fixedly connected to the driving cavity 53, and the other end of the memory metal 61 is connected to the reciprocating rack 62. When the battery temperature rises, the memory metal 61 will gradually expand and recover as the temperature rises, thereby pushing the reciprocating rack 62. The reciprocating rack 62 is slidably installed in the driving cavity 53. The reciprocating rack 62 is connected to the inner wall of the driving cavity 53 through a reset spring 63. The reset spring 63 is used to reset the reciprocating rack 62 when the battery temperature drops and the memory metal 61 contracts. A limiting protrusion 621 is provided on the inner wall of the driving cavity 53, and a groove 651 cooperating with the limiting protrusion 621 is provided. The driving rack 81 and the inner wall of the driving cavity 53 realize the step-by-step change of the adjustment plate 9 through the mutual cooperation of the limiting protrusion 621 and the groove 651. The temperature rise of the expansion and recovery of the memory metal 61 is equally divided. When the temperature rises to a certain value, the memory metal 61 expands and pushes the reciprocating rack 62 forward one grid, so as to avoid the reciprocating rack 62 shaking due to a small temperature difference, which affects the stability of the operation of the telescopic plate 7. The driving plate 64 is located below the reciprocating rack 62 and meshes with the reciprocating rack 62; a driving groove 641 is provided on the driving plate 64; a fixing plate 65 is provided on one side of the driving plate 64, and a limiting groove 531 corresponding to the driving groove 641 is provided on the fixing plate 65; a limiting rod 66 is provided between the driving plate 64 and the fixing plate 65, and the two ends of the limiting rod 66 are respectively located in the driving groove 641 and the limiting groove 531, and the limiting rod 66 is fixedly connected to the telescopic plate 7, and the driving plate 64 rotates under the action of the reciprocating rack 62, and then drives the driving plate 64 to rotate through the driving groove 641. The limiting rod 66 moves, and the limiting rod 66 maintains the stability of the motion trajectory under the action of the limiting groove 531 of the fixed plate 65, so that the limiting rod 66 drives the telescopic plate 7 to contract and expand the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow of the coolant and promoting the cooling effect. The telescopic plate 7 is provided with buffer slopes at both ends, and the buffer slopes are used to reduce the resistance of the telescopic plate 7 to the coolant. When the coolant flows in along the inlet hole, the coolant will not vertically impact the telescopic plate 7, but will flow obliquely along the buffer slope, thereby avoiding the obstruction of the coolant flow, resulting in a decrease in the flow velocity, and then resulting in a decrease in the inlet flow; Due to the difference in the single-cell performance of the battery, the temperature rise of different battery packs 4 is different, and thus the temperature of different working rooms 51 is inconsistent. As a result, the memory metal 61 in different working rooms 51 is heated to different temperatures, and the deformation of the memory metal 61 is inconsistent, which in turn leads to inconsistent telescopic distances of the telescopic plate 7, resulting in different inlet hole diameters corresponding to each working room 51, resulting in different coolant flow rates and different heat dissipation efficiencies, thereby achieving precise temperature control.

[0025] The driving rack 81 is located in the working room 51 and below the driving plate 64; a transmission wheel 82 is provided on one side of the driving rack 81, and the transmission wheel 82 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the driving cavity 53 through a rotating shaft; the transmission wheel 82 is meshed with the driving rack 81, and a driven rack 83 is provided above the transmission wheel 82; the driven rack 83 is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 9, and the driving rack 81 slides horizontally under the action of the driving plate 64, and then meshes with the transmission wheel 82, driving the driving wheel 82 to rotate, and the transmission wheel 82 drives the driven rack 83 to move in the opposite direction to the driving rack 81, thereby driving the driven rack 83 fixedly connected to the driven rack 83. The adjusting plate 9 moves synchronously to reduce the volume of the working room 51; one end of the push rod 84 is fixedly connected to the driving rack 81, and the other end of the push rod 84 is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 9. The push rod 84 and the driving rack 81 move in the same direction to drive the adjusting plate 9 to move, thereby changing the volume of the working room 51. The adjusting plate 9 is provided with drainage surfaces 92 at both ends, and the through hole 91 is a truncated cone structure. The drainage surface 92 is used to reduce the resistance of the adjusting plate 9 to the coolant. A mounting column is provided at one end of the adjusting plate 9. The push rod 84 and the driven rack 83 are both provided with mounting holes that match the mounting column, and the mounting columns and the mounting holes are used to achieve fixed connection between each other; A hose 85 is provided between two adjacent adjustment plates 9; the diameter of the middle end of the hose 85 is larger than the diameter of the two ends, and the middle end of the hose 85 is fixedly installed in the commutation hole 511, so that the hose 85 remains fixed as a whole, and only the two ends are stretched, and a rolling roller 86 is provided on one side of the hose 85; the rolling roller 86 is located in the driving cavity 53 and at the middle end of the hose 85, and the rolling roller 86 is symmetrically provided with engaging holes 8611, and a pull rod 87 is installed in the engaging hole 8611; the pull rod 87 is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate 9, and the hose 85 is made of plastic and has a certain elasticity and can be stretched, so that the adjustment plate 9 maintains the sealing between the adjustment plate 9 and the inner wall of the working room 51 during the movement, avoiding the adjustment plate 9 in the middle of the adjustment chamber 53. During the movement, coolant enters between the two, hindering the movement of the adjustment plate 9. At the same time, the coolant is prevented from entering the drive cavity 53, ensuring that the drive cavity 53 is dry. During the sliding process of the adjustment plate 9, due to the different temperatures of the battery pack 4 on each working room 51, the flow distance of the adjustment plate 9 is different, resulting in different pulling forces of the pull rod 87 fixedly connected to the adjustment plate 9 on the rolling roller 86. When the temperature of the working room 51 is high, the adjustment plate 9 moves a large distance, and the pull rod 87 thereon has a large pulling force on the rolling roller 86, thereby pulling the rolling roller 86 to move in the same direction. The sliding of the rolling roller 86 squeezes the hose 85, causing the diameter of the end of the hose 85 close to the working room 51 with a lower temperature to increase, thereby making the flow of the coolant The resistance is reduced, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant, so that the coolant quickly flows from the working room 51 with a lower temperature to the working room 51 with a higher temperature. Since the volume of the working room 51 remains stable, when the coolant from the working room 51 with a lower temperature enters, the pressure on the coolant in the working room 51 with a higher temperature increases, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant, thereby accelerating the heat exchange effect of the coolant on the heat-conducting column 52 and improving the cooling efficiency; the rolling roller 86 is divided into a sliding section 861 and an extrusion section 862; the sliding section 861 is symmetrically provided with engaging holes 8611 connected to the pull rod 87, the extrusion section 862 is a hemispherical structure 8621, and the hemispherical structure 8621 is provided with an arc surface 8622, and the rolling roller The engaging structure of 86 and the pull rod 87 facilitates the sliding of the rolling roller 86. When the temperature of a certain working room 51 is high, the pulling force of the pull rod 87 on the rolling roller 86 increases, thereby pulling the rolling roller 86 to move in the same direction. The pull rod 87 in the working room 51 with a lower temperature is separated from the rolling roller 86 through the engaging hole 8611, which does not affect the normal sliding of the rolling roller 86. The arc surface 8622 structure of the rolling roller 86 enhances the contact area between the rolling roller 86 and the hose 85, thereby enhancing the change of the diameter of the hose 85 by the rolling roller 86, thereby further increasing the flow rate difference of the coolant and promoting the cooling effect. When the temperature of adjacent working rooms 51 is consistent, the rolling roller 86 is located in the middle end, and the diameters on both sides of the hose 85 are consistent, and the coolant does not exchange flow. When the adjusting plate 9 is extended, its two ends will reduce the flow speed of the coolant, thereby reducing the speed of the coolant flowing through the exchange hole 511, affecting the horizontal circulation efficiency of the coolant. The truncated cone structure pressurizes the coolant, thereby increasing the speed of the coolant flowing through the exchange hole 511, so that the coolant can quickly flow into the adjacent working room 51 and fully mix with the coolant in the adjacent working room 51, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the coolant. A corrugated plate is provided between the adjusting plate 9 and the inner wall of the working room 51. The corrugated plate is used to ensure that the through hole 91 and the exchange hole 511 are The adjusting plate 9 is always in a connected state, so as to avoid the adjustment plate 9 from being separated from the inner wall of the working room 51 when it is extended, thereby causing a gap between the through hole 91 and the exchange hole 511, causing the coolant to flow into the gap between the adjusting plate 9 and the inner wall of the working room 51, affecting the circulation efficiency of the coolant, and at the same time, preventing the coolant from affecting the reset of the adjusting plate 9 in the gap between the two; at the same time, the adjusting plate 9 pulls the rolling roller 86 through the pull rod 87, and the rolling roller 86 changes the diameter of the middle end of the hose 85, thereby enhancing the entry speed of the coolant in the adjacent working room 51; Due to the inconsistent deformation of the expansion and recovery of the memory metal 61, the displacement distance of the adjustment plate 9 is different. The higher the temperature, the greater the displacement distance of the adjustment plate 9, the greater the reduction in the volume of the working room 51, and the greater the coolant flow rate. The greater the flow rate, the smaller the pressure. When the battery temperatures in two adjacent working rooms 51 are inconsistent, the adjustment plate 9 in the working room 51 with a higher temperature has a larger displacement, a higher coolant flow rate, and a lower pressure. The adjustment plate 9 in the working room 51 with a lower temperature has a smaller displacement, a lower coolant flow rate, and a higher pressure. At this time, the coolant in the working room 51 with a lower temperature flows into the adjacent working room 51 with a higher temperature under the action of pressure. At this time, the volume of the coolant with a lower temperature decreases. In order to ensure the volume of the coolant, the coolant flow rate out of the liquid inlet hole increases, while the volume of the coolant in the working room 51 with a higher temperature increases. The pressure on the coolant increases, which increases the flow rate of the coolant and improves the cooling efficiency. At the same time, the coolant flows from the working room 51 with a lower temperature into the working room 51 with a higher temperature. The coolant in the working room 51 with a lower temperature can cool the coolant in the working room 51 with a higher temperature, thereby improving the cooling efficiency. At the same time, due to the different moving distances of the adjusting plate 9, the forces exerted by the pull rod 87 on the rolling roller 86 are different. The adjusting plate 9 in the working room 51 with a higher temperature moves a greater distance, and the pull rod 87 exerts a greater force on the rolling roller 86, which can pull the rolling roller 86 to move in the same direction, thereby increasing the diameter of the hose 85 at one end of the working room 51 with a lower temperature, resulting in an increase in the flow rate of the coolant, thereby accelerating the flow exchange between adjacent working rooms 51 and ensuring the uniformity of the overall temperature of the liquid cooling plate 5.

[0026] When a battery performance estimation method and device of the present embodiment is in use, the temperature of the battery pack 4 rises and transfers the temperature to the memory metal 61. The memory metal 61 detects the temperature rise and expands and resets. The memory metal 61 pushes the reciprocating rack 62 to slide horizontally. The reciprocating rack 62 squeezes the reset spring 63. At the same time, the reciprocating rack 62 drives the driving plate 64 to rotate. The driving plate 64 squeezes the limiting rod 66. The limiting rod 66 drives the telescopic plate 7 to contract. The driving plate 64 rotates to drive the driving rack 81 to slide horizontally. The driving rack 81 drives the transmission wheel 82 to rotate. The transmission wheel 82 drives the driven rack 83 to slide horizontally in the opposite direction to the driving rack 81. The driven rack 83 pulls the adjustment plate 9 to slide horizontally. At the same time, the driving rack 81 drives the push rod 84 to move in the same direction. The push rod 84 pulls the adjustment plate 9 to slide horizontally. The adjustment plate 9 pulls the rolling roller 86 through the pull rod 87. The rolling roller 86 moves in the same direction to squeeze the hose 85. When the temperature of the battery pack 4 decreases, the memory metal 61 contracts, and the reciprocating rack 62 is displaced in the opposite direction and reset under the action of the reset spring 63. The reciprocating rack 62 drives the driving plate 64 to reverse and reset, and the driving plate 64 drives the telescopic plate 7 to reset through the limiting column. At the same time, the driving plate 64 drives the driving rack 81 to reset, and the driving rack 81 drives the transmission wheel 82 to reverse, and the transmission wheel 82 drives the driven rack 83 to reset, and the driven rack 83 pulls the adjusting plate 9 to reset. At the same time, the driving rack 81 drives the push rod 84 to reset, and the push rod 84 pulls the adjusting plate 9 to reset, and the adjusting plate 9 pushes the rolling roller 86 to reset through the pull rod 87.

[0027] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery performance estimation method, characterized in that: It includes a collection module, a data collection unit, a model building module and an evaluation module; S1. The voltage sensor and current sensor in the collection module monitor the voltage and current parameters of the battery in real time, and the data processing unit processes the real-time collected data to identify the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery; S2. Establish a model for the battery experimental data through the model building module, simulate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the battery through the data simulation method, and predict and estimate the SOC, SOH and remaining service life of the battery by combining the battery parameter identification results and the digital model; S3. The battery management strategy is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time status and performance information of the battery in combination with the optimization algorithm. At the same time, the evaluation module uses the battery parameter identification results and historical data to monitor the working status of the battery in real time and accurately diagnose and locate the internal faults of the battery.

2. The estimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit uses at least one algorithm selected from Kalman filtering, neural network, and model predictive control to estimate SOC, SOH, and RUL.

3. The estimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model building module uses at least one method selected from an equivalent circuit model, an electrochemical model, and a neural network model to establish a battery electrochemical model.

4. The estimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaluation module includes at least one function selected from a state estimator, a prediction algorithm, and a fault diagnosis module, and is used for real-time evaluation of battery performance and status.

5. A battery performance estimation device, used in the estimation method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that: It comprises an EMS system housing (1), a control module (2), a sampling module (3), a battery pack (4), a liquid cooling plate (5), a variable diameter component (6), a telescopic plate (7), a commutation component (8) and an adjustment plate (9); The EMS system housing (1) is provided with a control module (2) and a sampling module (3); The control module (2) is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack (4); The sampling module (3) is used to detect real-time parameters of the battery pack (4); The battery pack (4) is located in the EMS system housing (1) and is connected to the control module (2) and the sampling module (3) respectively; The liquid cooling plate (5) is located below the battery pack (4), and inlet holes and outlet holes are provided at both ends of the liquid cooling plate (5). A plurality of working chambers (51) are provided in the liquid cooling plate (5), and a grid array of heat-conducting columns (52) is provided in the working chambers (51). A flow exchange hole (511) is provided between two adjacent working chambers (51), and a driving cavity (53) connected to the working chambers (51) is provided on the liquid cooling plate (5); The variable diameter assembly (6) is installed in the driving cavity (53), the telescopic plate (7) is located in the driving cavity (53), and when the temperature of the battery pack (4) increases, the variable diameter assembly (6) drives the telescopic plate (7) to slide; the commutation assembly (8) is located in the driving cavity (53), the adjustment plate (9) is symmetrically arranged in the working chamber (51), and a through hole (91) corresponding to the commutation hole (511) is opened on the adjustment plate (9), and when the temperature of the battery pack (4) increases, the commutation assembly (8) drives the adjustment plate (9) to move toward the center.

6. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-conducting columns (52) are arranged in a hexagonal structure as a whole, and the heat-conducting columns (52) and the exchange holes (511) are arranged in a staggered manner.

7. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter-changing assembly (6) comprises a memory metal (61), a reciprocating rack (62), a return spring (63), a drive plate (64), a fixing plate (65) and a limit rod (66); One end of the memory metal (61) is fixedly connected to the driving cavity (53), and the other end of the memory metal (61) is connected to the reciprocating rack (62); The reciprocating rack (62) is slidably mounted in the driving chamber (53), and the reciprocating rack (62) is connected to the inner wall of the driving chamber (53) via a return spring (63); The driving plate (64) is located below the reciprocating rack (62) and meshes with the reciprocating rack (62); a driving groove (641) is formed on the driving plate (64); A fixing plate (65) is provided on one side of the driving plate (64), and the fixing plate (65) is fixedly installed in the driving cavity (53). A limiting groove (531) corresponding to the driving groove (641) is formed on the fixing plate (65); A limit rod (66) is provided between the driving plate (64) and the fixed plate (65), and two ends of the limit rod (66) are respectively located in the driving groove (641) and the limit groove (531). The limit rod (66) is fixedly connected to the telescopic plate (7), and buffer slopes are provided at both ends of the telescopic plate (7).

8. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reciprocating rack (62) is provided with a limiting protrusion (621), and the inner wall of the driving cavity (53) is provided with a groove (651) that cooperates with the limiting protrusion (621).

9. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The commutation assembly (8) comprises a driving rack (81), a transmission wheel (82), a driven rack (83), a push rod (84), a hose (85), a rolling roller (86) and a pull rod (87); The driving rack (81) is located in the working room (51) and below the driving plate (64); a transmission wheel (82) is provided on one side of the driving rack (81); The transmission wheel (82) is meshed with the driving rack (81), and a driven rack (83) is provided above the transmission wheel (82); The driven rack (83) is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (9); One end of the push rod (84) is fixedly connected to the driving rack (81), and the other end of the push rod (84) is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (9); The two ends of the adjustment plate (9) are provided with drainage surfaces (92); the through hole (91) is a truncated cone-shaped structure; and a hose (85) is provided between two adjacent adjustment plates (9); The diameter of the middle end of the hose (85) is larger than the diameter of the two ends; the middle end of the hose (85) is fixedly installed in the exchange hole (511); and a rolling roller (86) is provided on one side of the hose (85); The rolling roller (86) is located in the driving chamber (53) and at the middle end of the hose (85), and a pull rod (87) is slidably mounted on the rolling roller (86); The pull rod (87) is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (9).

10. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rolling roller (86) is divided into a sliding section (861) and an extrusion section (862); the sliding section (861) is symmetrically provided with engaging holes (8611) connected to the pull rod (87); the extrusion section (862) is a hemispherical structure (8621) and the hemispherical structure (8621) is provided with an arc surface (8622).

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