Cultivation and baking process of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation and baking process of a flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37. The cultivation and baking process comprises the following steps: S1, field cultivation; s2, baking process; a traditional low-temperature slow yellowing process is improved, a'medium-temperature medium-humidity 'baking process is adopted, a baking stage is added after ignition in the yellowing stage, the dry-bulb temperature is controlled to be 33 DEG C, the wet-bulb temperature is controlled to be 32 DEG C, and stable-temperature baking is conducted for 3 h to preheat tobacco leaves; according to the method, the tobacco leaves are baked for 20-24 hours at the temperature of 38 DEG C at the yellowing stage and the wet bulb temperature of 36 DEG C until 80% of the tobacco leaves are 80% yellow, the enzyme activity is improved in the yellowing stage, chemical components are promoted to be converted to be beneficial to the quality direction and the color is yellowed, the proportion of green tobacco is effectively reduced, and the problems that in current GZ37 baking, orange yellow is light, and more green tendons and brown exist are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cultivation and baking process of a flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation and curing. Background Art

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco is an important economic crop in my country. Different varieties of flue-cured tobacco have different growth characteristics and baking characteristics. Variety is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. However, a flue-cured tobacco variety should also be combined with the soil, climate, management technology, and ecological environment of the actual planting area to highlight the advantages of the flue-cured tobacco variety and produce high-quality tobacco leaves with local characteristics. In recent years, some tobacco areas in Shuicheng, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province have degraded in variety characteristics and economic benefits due to the long-term planting of a single variety, Yunyan 87. Therefore, it is necessary to actively introduce and screen new varieties (lines) to meet the needs of high-quality and sustainable development of tobacco leaves. In the planting experiment, GZ37 showed a high field yield and economic output. At the same time, the variety has good stress resistance and resistance to leaf spot diseases. The agronomic traits of GZ37 currently obtained through cultivation optimization experiments are similar to those of Yunyan 87, or even slightly better than Yunyan 87. However, its baking quality through the current Yunyan 87 baking process is not as good as Yunyan 87, and there are problems such as lighter orange-yellow color, more blue veins and brown. It is necessary to study and improve this. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above, the present invention provides a cultivation and baking process of a flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a cultivation and baking process of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37, comprising:

[0005] S1 field cultivation;

[0006] S2 baking process;

[0007] Wherein, the baking process comprises the following steps:

[0008] S21 Early yellowing period: after ignition, increase the dry bulb temperature to 33℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 32℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 1h, and bake at a steady temperature for 3h to preheat the tobacco leaves; then increase the dry bulb temperature to 36℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 34℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 1h, and bake at a steady temperature for 5h~6h, until the tips of the high-temperature layer tobacco leaves turn yellow 10cm;

[0009] S22: Mid-stage yellowing: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 38°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 36°C at a rate of 1°C / 2h, and bake at a steady temperature for 20h-24h until 80% of the tobacco leaves turn 80% yellow; then raise the dry-bulb temperature to 40°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 36°C at a rate of 1°C / 2h, and bake at a steady temperature for 6h-8h until the tobacco leaves collapse and become soft;

[0010] S23: Late yellowing stage: Raise the dry bulb temperature to 42°C and the wet bulb temperature to 37°C at a rate of 1°C / 3h, and bake at a steady temperature for 16h to 20h until the leaves of the whole kang have yellow leaves and blue veins, and the main veins become soft;

[0011] S24: Early stage of color fixation: increase the temperature to 45℃ at 1℃ / 3h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 36℃~38℃, keep the temperature steady for 8h, the ear turns yellow, the branch vein turns white, the leaf tip and leaf margin dry, the leaf blade withers, and the main vein fully softens; increase the temperature to 48℃ at 1℃ / 3h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 37℃~38℃, keep the temperature steady for 10h, the main vein turns green and reaches small rolls; increase the temperature to 52℃ at 1℃ / 2h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 38℃, keep the temperature steady for 6h;

[0012] S25: Late color fixation: the dry bulb temperature is raised to 54℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, the wet bulb temperature is between 37℃ and 39℃, and the temperature is kept stable for 18h. The main veins are completely yellow, the color difference between the front and back of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the leaves are dry, and the large roll is reached;

[0013] S26: Drying period: the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60℃ at 1℃ / h, keeps steady for 6h-8h, the wet-bulb temperature is between 37℃ and 39℃, the main veins turn purple and shrink; rises to 68℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature is between 39℃ and 41℃, keeps steady for 25h-30h until the tobacco veins are completely dry.

[0014] Optionally, the field cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0015] S11 Ridge fertilization;

[0016] S12 transplanting;

[0017] S13 field management;

[0018] S14 topped and left leaves.

[0019] Optionally, the base fertilizer applied in the ridging and fertilizing step includes organic fertilizer and special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied at 75 kg / mu, the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied at 45 kg / mu, and the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 10:10:24.

[0020] Optionally, the row spacing during transplanting is 1.1m, the plant spacing is 0.55m, and the transplanting density is 1100 plants per mu. Optionally, the topping and leaf-retaining method is:

[0021] For tobacco plants that are growing normally, top the field once 60% of the central flowers have bloomed, leaving 18 to 22 leaves.

[0022] For tobacco plants with weak growth, the first flower topping is adopted, that is, topping is carried out when 40% of the central flowers in the field are in bloom, leaving 16 to 18 leaves;

[0023] For tobacco plants with stronger growth, the method of topping is to top the plants after 80% of the central flowers in the field have bloomed, leaving 19 to 23 leaves.

[0024] Implement the "secondary topping technology". In the first topping, the top of the main stem, the flower axis, the inflorescence and the leaflets are removed together, and the leaves less than 15 cm long are removed. After the leaves of the tobacco plant are basically shaped, the second topping is carried out to remove the leaves on the top that do not split and have no baking value, and retain 1 to 2 nodes of the stem; the main stem is cut obliquely at the node retained at the top.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention determines the cultivation method and baking process of the new flue-cured tobacco variety (line) GZ37. The transplanting row spacing of the new variety (line) GZ37 is 110 cm, the plant spacing is 55 cm, and the pure nitrogen is 6.5 kg per mu with medium and upper fertility. During the baking process, by adjusting the temperature and humidity in the baking room, especially improving the traditional low-temperature slow yellowing process, a "medium temperature and medium humidity" baking process is adopted, such as adding a baking stage after ignition during the yellowing period, controlling the dry bulb temperature at 33°C, the wet bulb temperature at 32°C, and baking at a steady temperature for 3 hours to preheat the tobacco leaves; the yellowing period is 38°C, the wet bulb temperature at 36°C, and baking at a steady temperature for 20 hours to 24 hours until 80% of the tobacco leaves are 80% yellow, and the enzyme activity is increased during the yellowing period to promote the chemical composition to be beneficial to the variety. The quality direction changes and the color turns yellow, which effectively reduces the proportion of green tobacco; the color fixing period is 48℃, the wet bulb temperature is between 37℃ and 38℃, and the temperature is maintained for 10h, then it is increased to 52℃ at 1℃ / 2h, the wet bulb temperature is at 38℃, and the temperature is maintained for 6h. During the color fixing period, the enzyme activity is gradually reduced or even stopped, so that starch → sugar, protein → amino acid changes, and the quality of the improved color is fixed, which effectively reduces the color difference between the front and back of the tobacco leaves, reduces the proportion of brown tobacco, and makes it more "yellow, bright, and soft" after baking; during the rib drying period, the ribs are dried at a higher temperature and lower relative humidity, and the dry bulb temperature is controlled not to exceed 68℃, and the wet bulb temperature is between 39℃ and 41℃ to avoid the tobacco leaves from being baked red due to excessive temperature, promote the baking of the tobacco leaves to become yellow, fragrant, and soft, and the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves are optimal. Specifically, after adopting the present invention, the per mu yield, per mu output value, average price, high-quality tobacco rate and middle high-quality tobacco rate of the new variety (line) GZ37 were increased by 18.19 kg / mu, 916.33 yuan / mu, 2.12 yuan / kg, 4.38 percentage points and 5.75 percentage points respectively. The tobacco leaves have excellent sensory quality and coordinated chemical composition. The new variety (line) GZ37 fully demonstrates the characteristic characteristics of Shuicheng tobacco leaves, which are sweet and fragrant, and matches good varieties with good methods to ensure the planting effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] The baking process of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 is as follows:

[0029] S1 Harvest maturity: mature;

[0030] S2 Early stage of yellowing: after ignition, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 33℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 32℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 1h, and the tobacco leaves are baked at a steady temperature for 3h to preheat; then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 36℃ and the wet bulb temperature is 34℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 1h, and the tobacco leaves are baked at a steady temperature for 5h~6h until the tips of the high temperature layer tobacco leaves turn yellow 10cm;

[0031] S3: Mid-stage yellowing: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 38°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 36°C at a rate of 1°C / 2h, and bake at a steady temperature for 20h-24h until 80% of the tobacco leaves turn 80% yellow; then raise the dry-bulb temperature to 40°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 36°C at a rate of 1°C / 2h, and bake at a steady temperature for 6h-8h until the tobacco leaves collapse and become soft;

[0032] S4: Late yellowing stage: Raise the dry bulb temperature to 42°C and the wet bulb temperature to 37°C at a rate of 1°C / 3h, and bake at a steady temperature for 16h to 20h until the leaves of the whole kang have yellow leaves and blue veins, and the main veins become soft;

[0033] S5: Early stage of color fixation: Raise the temperature to 45℃ at 1℃ / 3h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 36℃~38℃, keep the temperature steady for 8h, the ear turns yellow, the branch vein turns white, the leaf tip and leaf margin dry, the leaf blade withers, and the main vein fully softens; Raise the temperature to 48℃ at 1℃ / 3h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 37℃~38℃, keep the temperature steady for 10h, the main vein turns green and reaches small rolls; Raise the temperature to 52℃ at 1℃ / 2h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 38℃, keep the temperature steady for 6h;

[0034] S6: Late color fixation: Raise the dry bulb temperature to 54°C at 1°C / 2h, keep the wet bulb temperature at 37°C-39°C, keep the temperature stable for 18h, the main veins turn completely yellow, the color difference between the front and back of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the leaves are dry, and the large roll is reached;

[0035] S7: Drying period: the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60℃ at 1℃ / h, keeps steady for 6h-8h, the wet-bulb temperature is between 37℃ and 39℃, the main veins turn purple and shrink; rises to 68℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature is between 39℃ and 41℃, keeps steady for 25h-30h until the tobacco veins are completely dry.

[0036] Comparative Example 1:

[0037] The current baking process of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 is as follows:

[0038] S1 Harvest maturity: mature;

[0039] S2 Early yellowing period: After ignition, burn a small fire steadily, raise the temperature to 34.0℃~35.0℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h, control the humidity to 33.0℃~35.0℃, and keep the temperature steady for 20~25h, until the tobacco leaves in the observation layer turn 40%~60% yellow;

[0040] S3 Yellowing mid-stage: Raise the temperature to 38.0℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, keep the humidity at 34.0℃~36.0℃, and bake at a steady temperature for 15~20h, until the tobacco leaves in the observation layer turn 70% to 80% yellow; Raise the temperature to 40℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, keep the humidity at 32.0℃~34.0℃, and bake at a steady temperature for 10~15h, until the tobacco leaves in the observation layer turn yellow and blue veins;

[0041] S4 Late yellowing stage: heat up to 42.0℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h~3h, humidity at 33.0℃, and bake at a steady temperature for 10~20h, until the observation layer of tobacco leaves is completely yellow and the main veins of 1 / 4~1 / 3 of the tobacco leaves turn white and shiny, then enter the color fixing stage;

[0042] S5: Color fixation period: the temperature of the curing room starts to rise from 42.0℃, and the increase amplitude is 3℃ each time. The temperature rise rate is 1℃ / 2h~3h, and the stage temperature stabilization time is 6h; among them, when the temperature is between 45.0℃ and 47.0℃, the tobacco leaves are baked at a steady temperature until the main tendons become white and shiny, and the leaf tips are dry; the temperature is between 53.0℃ and 55.0℃ and the leaves are baked at a steady temperature until the leaves are dry; when the temperature in the color fixation period is 42.1℃~48.0℃, the humidity is 32.0℃~34.0℃; when the temperature in the color fixation period is 48.1℃~55.0℃, the humidity is 35℃;

[0043] S6 Drying period: After the tobacco leaves have reached the requirements of the color fixing period, the dry bulb temperature begins to rise from 55.0℃ to 68℃, with a heating rate of 1℃~2℃ / h. The leaves are baked at a constant temperature of 60.0℃ for 8 hours, and then baked at a constant temperature of 68℃ until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the furnace are completely dry. The humidity during the drying period is 38.0℃~40.0℃.

[0044] Comparative Example 2:

[0045] The conventional baking process of the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 is as follows:

[0046] S1 Harvest maturity: mature;

[0047] S2 Early yellowing period: After ignition, burn a small fire steadily, raise the temperature to 34.0℃~35.0℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h, control the humidity to 33.0℃~35.0℃, and keep the temperature steady for 20~25h, until the tobacco leaves in the observation layer turn 40%~60% yellow;

[0048] S3 Yellowing mid-stage: Raise the temperature to 38.0℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, keep the humidity at 34.0℃~36.0℃, and bake at a steady temperature for 15~20h, until the tobacco leaves in the observation layer turn 70% to 80% yellow; Raise the temperature to 40℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, keep the humidity at 32.0℃~34.0℃, and bake at a steady temperature for 10~15h, until the tobacco leaves in the observation layer turn yellow and blue veins;

[0049] S4 Late yellowing stage: heat up to 42.0℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h~3h, humidity at 33.0℃, and bake at a steady temperature for 10~20h, until the observation layer of tobacco leaves is completely yellow and the main veins of 1 / 4~1 / 3 of the tobacco leaves turn white and shiny, then enter the color fixing stage;

[0050] S5: Color fixation period: the temperature of the curing room starts to rise from 42.0℃, and the increase amplitude is 3℃ each time. The temperature rise rate is 1℃ / 2h~3h, and the stage temperature stabilization time is 6h; among them, when the temperature is between 45.0℃ and 47.0℃, the tobacco leaves are baked at a steady temperature until the main tendons become white and shiny, and the leaf tips are dry; the temperature is between 53.0℃ and 55.0℃ and the leaves are baked at a steady temperature until the leaves are dry; when the temperature in the color fixation period is 42.1℃~48.0℃, the humidity is 32.0℃~34.0℃; when the temperature in the color fixation period is 48.1℃~55.0℃, the humidity is 35℃;

[0051] S6 Drying period: After the tobacco leaves have reached the requirements of the color fixing period, the dry bulb temperature begins to rise from 55.0℃ to 68℃, with a heating rate of 1℃~2℃ / h. The leaves are baked at a constant temperature of 60.0℃ for 8 hours, and then baked at a constant temperature of 68℃ until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the furnace are completely dry. The humidity during the drying period is 38.0℃~40.0℃.

[0052] The middle tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco varieties GZ37 and Yunyan 87 were taken as test materials and were baked according to the baking methods in Example 1 and Control Examples 1 and 2, respectively. Except for the differences in baking process and tobacco varieties themselves, the rest were the same. It should be noted that tobacco leaves with relatively consistent growth that were planted in the same plot at the same time were selected as the cured tobacco leaves.

[0053] The following is an explanation of the impact on the sensory quality of the upper tobacco leaves after curing, the quality of the tobacco leaves after curing and the chemical composition.

[0054] 1. Sensory evaluation of tobacco smoking quality

[0055] Table 1 Comparison of sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves

[0056]

[0057] As shown in Table 1, the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 can better demonstrate the sweet and fragrant style characteristics of the planting area. Before the improvement of the baking process, the overall quality evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 was slightly worse than that of Yunyan 87. After the improvement of the baking process, the aroma of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 was fuller than that of Yunyan 87, and the smoke was less irritating. The overall sensory quality of the pilot was equivalent to that of Yunyan 87.

[0058] 2. Quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0059] Table 2 Comparison of quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0060] Variety name Blue smoke / % Mixed smoke / % Stiff tobacco leaves / % Yellow bright soft tobacco leaves / % GZ37 (Example 1) 1.23 1.34 0.25 97.18 GZ37 (Comparative Example 1) 1.48 2.86 0.42 95.24 Yunyan 87 (Comparative Example 2) 1.24 2.42 0.41 95.93

[0061] As can be seen from Table 2, after the baking process was improved, the proportion of green, mixed and stiff tobacco leaves decreased by 1.94 percentage points, and the proportion of yellow, bright and soft tobacco leaves increased. The tobacco leaves after baking were clean, loose in structure, rich in oil and strong in color. The number of green, mixed and stiff tobacco leaves decreased, the baking losses were reduced, the quality of the tobacco leaves after baking was improved, and the quality of the tobacco leaves was closer to the "yellow, bright and soft" quality requirements.

[0062] 3. Chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0063] Table 3 Comparison of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] As shown in Table 3, after the improvement of the baking process, the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 increased by 0.53% and 0.7% respectively, the nicotine content decreased slightly, the chlorine and potassium contents were relatively stable, the sugar-alkali ratio was appropriate, and the overall chemical composition of the tobacco leaves was coordinated.

[0067] Embodiment 2:

[0068] The cultivation techniques of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 are as follows:

[0069] Step 1: Ridge making and fertilization;

[0070] S1. Ridges are made from March 20 to April 10, with a row spacing of 110 cm, a ridge height of 25 cm, a top width of 25 cm, and a bottom width of 70 cm to 80 cm. The ridges are full, the furrows are straight, and the soil is fine. The ridge spacing and height are consistent in the same plot and the same area. The ridge direction is preferably north-south. Ridges are made on gentle slopes along contour lines, and the ridge direction is consistent in the same continuous area.

[0071] S2. According to the shape of the plot, ropes are pulled to open the boxes and basal fertilizer is applied in strips. The basal fertilizer mainly uses commercial organic fertilizer and special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O ratio is 10:10:24), of which 75kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer and 45kg / mu of special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco.

[0072] S3. After the tobacco field is ridged, cover the film immediately or when the soil moisture in the ridge is greater than 70%, and use the rope to break the film and make water holes according to the transplanting spacing. The diameter of the film hole is 15CM. After the hole is made, cover the film hole with fine soil to make the film hole concave;

[0073] Step 2: Transplanting;

[0074] S1. Transplant from April 25th to April 30th.

[0075] S2. The transplanting period within the same area shall be controlled within 5 days, and the transplanting period for each tobacco farmer shall be controlled within 3 days.

[0076] S3. Use a hole puncher to make holes. The depth of the holes should be controlled to expose the functional leaves after transplanting the tobacco seedlings. When transplanting, put the tobacco seedlings into the holes, fill the gaps with soil, and press lightly to ensure that the tobacco seedling matrix is ​​in full contact with the soil. On the day after planting, use 2.5 kg / mu of special seedling fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O ratio is 22:14:10) as seedling fertilizer and dilute with water.

[0077] S4: row spacing is 1.1m, plant spacing is 0.55m, and the transplanting density is 1,100 plants per mu.

[0078] Step 3: Field management;

[0079] S1. Top dressing: 15 kg / mu of top dressing (N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 15:0:30) should be applied with water within 20 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted. When the soil moisture is sufficient, 3 to 5 holes can be drilled vertically at the longest leaf tip around the tobacco plants for top dressing.

[0080] S2. Film removal (film breaking): 30 to 40 days after transplanting, according to the growth of tobacco plants, the film should be removed or broken (the diameter of the broken film is 15CM), weeding should be carried out, and the field should be put into the bed with a height of 30cm to ensure that there are no weeds in the field. The removed bottom leaves should be removed promptly and processed in the field in a centralized manner. One week before harvesting and curing, the lower 5 to 6 unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves should be removed.

[0081] Step 4: Top the plants and keep the leaves;

[0082] For tobacco plants that are growing normally, top the field once 60% of the central flowers have bloomed, leaving 18 to 22 leaves.

[0083] For tobacco plants with weak growth, the first flower topping is adopted, that is, topping is carried out when 40% of the central flowers in the field are in bloom, leaving 16 to 18 leaves;

[0084] For tobacco plants with vigorous growth, the method of topping is to top the plants after 80% of the central flowers in the field have bloomed, leaving 19 to 23 leaves.

[0085] Implement the "secondary topping technology". In the first topping, the top of the main stem, the flower axis, the inflorescence and the leaflets are removed together, and the leaves less than 15 cm long are removed. After the leaves of the tobacco plant are basically shaped, the second topping is carried out to remove the leaves on the top that do not split and have no baking value, and retain 1 to 2 nodes of the stem; the main stem is cut obliquely at the node retained at the top.

[0086] Comparative Example 3: Cultivation technology of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37

[0087] When fertilizing on ridges, apply 50kg / mu of compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco;

[0088] When transplanting, the spacing between plants is 50 cm and the transplanting density is 1200 plants per acre;

[0089] Topping and leaving leaves are done in the following ways:

[0090] For tobacco plants that are growing normally, top the field once 50% of the central flowers have bloomed, leaving 18 to 20 leaves.

[0091] For tobacco plants with weak growth, the first flowering topping is adopted, that is, topping is carried out when about 15% of the central flowers in the field are in bloom, leaving 16 to 18 leaves;

[0092] For tobacco plants with vigorous growth, the method of topping is to top the plants after 60% of the central flowers in the field have bloomed, leaving 19 to 23 leaves.

[0093] The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 4: Cultivation Technology of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Yunyan 87

[0095] The cultivation process of Yunyan 87 is the same as that of Control Example 2.

[0096] The comparison was conducted in the same field area without duplication, with the local main variety Yunyan 87 and its cultivation process, and the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 cultivated according to the Yunyan 87 cultivation process as the control. Pest and disease control was carried out in accordance with the most suitable method for local production, and attention was paid to the prevention and control of bacterial wilt. Other management measures were carried out in accordance with the local high-quality tobacco cultivation technical regulations, and each field management technical measure and measurement should be completed on the same day.

[0097] Result analysis:

[0098] 1. Field growth period records

[0099] Table 4 Field growth period records

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 4, after the improvement of cultivation technology, the field growth period of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 was shortened by 6 days, which is equivalent to the field growth period of the local main variety Yunyan 87.

[0102] 2. Agronomic traits records

[0103] Table 5 Agronomic characteristics survey table during topping period

[0104]

[0105] As shown in Table 5, after the cultivation technology was improved, the natural plant height, natural leaf number, topped plant height, harvestable leaf number, maximum leaf length, width, upper inverted three-leaf length and width of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 were 18.84cm higher, 3 more leaves, 10.19cm higher, 3 more leaves, 2.3cm longer, 6.65cm wider, 6.36cm longer, and 5.12cm wider than Yunyan 87; and 6.25cm higher, 1 more leaf, 2cm higher, 1 more leaf, 1cm longer, 0.84cm wider, 2.63cm longer, and 1.43cm wider than GZ37 (control example 3). This shows that GZ37 has a better growth in the field than Yunyan 87, and the upper leaves are more open than Yunyan 87, which effectively improves the availability of the upper tobacco leaves.

[0106] 3. Natural disease occurrence in the field

[0107] Table 6 Survey on the incidence of

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 6, after the cultivation technology was improved, the rates of climate spot disease and tobacco virus disease in GZ37 were 6.35 and 4.5 percentage points lower than those in Yunyan 87, respectively. In particular, the occurrence of powdery mildew decreased significantly, and there was no occurrence of rhizome diseases in GZ37. This shows that with the improvement of cultivation technology, GZ37 has stronger disease resistance than Yunyan 87, which effectively reduces the losses caused by diseases.

[0110] 4. Main economic characteristics

[0111] Table 7 Questionnaire on main economic characteristics

[0112]

[0113] As shown in Table 7, after the cultivation technology was improved, the yield per mu, output value per mu, average price, high-quality tobacco rate, and high-quality tobacco rate in the middle of GZ37 were 18.07 kg / mu, 917.84 yuan / mu, 2.12 yuan / kg, 4.16 percentage points, and 0.78 percentage points higher than those of Yunyan 87, respectively; the yield per mu, output value per mu, average price, high-quality tobacco rate, and high-quality tobacco rate in the middle of GZ37 were 6.87 kg / mu, 550.8 yuan / mu, 2.2 yuan / kg, 2.32 percentage points, and 2.02 percentage points higher than those of Yunyan 87, respectively. This shows that after the cultivation technology of GZ37 was improved, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco planting were effectively improved, and the effect of helping farmers increase their income was obvious.

[0114] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation and baking process of flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37, characterized in that: include: S1 field cultivation; S2 baking process; Wherein, the baking process comprises the following steps: S21 Early yellowing period: after ignition, increase the dry bulb temperature to 33℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 32℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 1h, and bake at a steady temperature for 3h to preheat the tobacco leaves; then increase the dry bulb temperature to 36℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 34℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 1h, and bake at a steady temperature for 5h~6h, until the tips of the high-temperature layer tobacco leaves turn yellow 10cm; S22: Middle stage of yellowing: Raise the dry bulb temperature to 38℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 36℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, and bake at a steady temperature for 20h~24h until 80% of the tobacco leaves turn 80% yellow; then raise the dry bulb temperature to 40℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 36℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, and bake at a steady temperature for 6h~8h, until the tobacco leaves "collapse" and become soft; S23: Late yellowing stage: Raise the dry bulb temperature to 42°C and the wet bulb temperature to 37°C at a rate of 1°C / 3h, and bake at a steady temperature for 16h to 20h until the leaves of the whole kang have yellow leaves and blue veins, and the main veins become soft; S24: Early stage of color fixation: increase the temperature to 45℃ at 1℃ / 3h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 36℃~38℃, keep the temperature steady for 8h, the ear turns yellow, the branch vein turns white, the leaf tip and leaf margin dry, the leaf blade withers, and the main vein fully softens; increase the temperature to 48℃ at 1℃ / 3h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 37℃~38℃, keep the temperature steady for 10h, the main vein turns green and reaches small rolls; increase the temperature to 52℃ at 1℃ / 2h, control the wet-bulb temperature at 38℃, keep the temperature steady for 6h; S25: Late color fixation: the dry bulb temperature is raised to 54℃ at a rate of 1℃ / 2h, the wet bulb temperature is between 37℃ and 39℃, and the temperature is kept stable for 18h. The main veins are completely yellow, the color difference between the front and back of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the leaves are dry, and the large roll is reached; S26: Drying period: the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60℃ at 1℃ / h, keeps steady for 6h-8h, the wet-bulb temperature is between 37℃ and 39℃, the main veins turn purple and shrink; rises to 68℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature is between 39℃ and 41℃, keeps steady for 25h-30h until the tobacco veins are completely dry.

2. The cultivation and baking process of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field cultivation comprises the following steps: S11 Ridge fertilization; S12 transplanting; S13 field management; S14 topped and left leaves.

3. The cultivation and baking process of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base fertilizer applied in the ridge-forming and fertilizing step includes organic fertilizer and special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied at 75 kg / mu, the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied at 45 kg / mu, and the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 10:10:

24.

4. The cultivation and baking process of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 according to claim 1, characterized in that: During transplanting, the row spacing is 1.1 m, the plant spacing is 0.55 m, and the transplanting density is 1,100 plants per mu.

5. The cultivation and baking process of the flue-cured tobacco variety GZ37 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topping and leaf-retaining method is: For tobacco plants that are growing normally, top the field once 60% of the central flowers have bloomed, leaving 18 to 22 leaves. For tobacco plants with weak growth, the first flower topping is adopted, that is, topping is carried out when 40% of the central flowers in the field are in bloom, leaving 16 to 18 leaves; For tobacco plants with vigorous growth, the method of topping is to top the plants after 80% of the central flowers in the field have bloomed, leaving 19 to 23 leaves. Implement the "secondary topping technology". In the first topping, the top of the main stem, the flower axis, the inflorescence and the leaflets are removed together, and the leaves less than 15 cm long are removed. After the leaves of the tobacco plant are basically shaped, the second topping is carried out to remove the leaves at the top that do not split and have no baking value, and retain 1 to 2 nodes of the stem; the main stem is cut obliquely and removed at the node retained at the top.

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