The invention belongs to the technical field of marine surveying and mapping, and particularly relates to a detachable lifting device for marine surveying and mapping, which comprises a supporting plate, a lifting motor, a driving gear, a matching gear, a lifting screw rod and a hollow shaft, and is characterized in that the driving gear is driven to rotate through the operation of the lifting motor, and the hollow shaft rotates under the matching rotation of the matching gear; the supporting structure can achieve lifting of a lifting screw, swing of a swing rod and lifting adjustment of a supporting plate under contraction limiting of a first spring, the horizontal state of the supporting plate can be adjusted under cooperation of a damping shaft, supporting of a surveying and mapping instrument is achieved under cooperation of a suction cup, and the supporting structure is composed of a movable cylinder, a rubber ball, a telescopic pipe and the like. The marine surveying and mapping device can be freely assembled on the bottom side of the supporting plate, is provided with a lifting structure composed of a lifting screw rod, a swing rod, a supporting plate and the like, can be freely assembled on the top side of the supporting plate, achieves overall disassembly or assembly, can be convenient to carry, facilitates marine surveying and mapping work, and meanwhile can be used for various terrains.