Agricultural waste rapid composting microbial inoculum and method for producing organic fertilizer by using agricultural waste rapid composting microbial inoculum

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste resource utilization, discloses an agricultural waste rapid composting inoculant and a method for producing an organic fertilizer by using the agricultural waste rapid composting inoculant, and separates a strain NJZ5 capable of rapidly decomposing various cellulose-rich wastes at the temperature of 50 DEG C. When the agricultural waste rapid composting microbial inoculum fertilizer is applied to agricultural production, not only can a specific fertilizer effect be obtained, but also sufficient energy is provided for functional microorganisms through sufficient organic substances, so that the functional microorganisms are easy to colonize in soil, and the yield of the functional microorganisms is improved. The effects of promoting absorption of crops to nutrient elements, stimulating plant growth, antagonizing some soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms and the like are fully exerted; the NJZ5 composting inoculant can obviously improve the composting temperature and shorten the composting period, and the composting period can be controlled to be about 30 days.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste resource utilization, and in particular relates to an agricultural waste rapid composting agent and a method for producing organic fertilizer therefrom. Background Art

[0002] Livestock and poultry manure is rich in organic matter, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, humus and other plant nutrients, and can be used as raw materials for making high-quality and efficient organic (type) fertilizers (including: organic fertilizers, organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, microbial organic fertilizers). At present, the total storage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in livestock and poultry manure discharged in my country is about 63 million tons, equivalent to 49 million tons of urea, 119 million tons of superphosphate and 34 million tons of potassium chloride. Therefore, livestock and poultry manure is a resource that can be developed and utilized. Modern animal husbandry is becoming increasingly intensive, and the waste generated is completely different from the waste generated by traditional animal husbandry. The waste generated by traditional animal husbandry is small in quantity and dispersed, which is easy to be treated on site and will not have a significant impact on the environment; the waste generated by modern animal husbandry is large in quantity and concentrated, and it is usually difficult to treat it by general methods, which poses a great threat to the environment. How to achieve comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure, while eliminating the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry manure, make it a resource, and realize the benign cycle of material and energy flow at the level of the ecosystem has become a hot topic for many scholars. After years of practice and development, livestock and poultry manure treatment technology has become increasingly mature. There are many methods for treating livestock and poultry manure at home and abroad, and with the advancement and development of science and technology, a large number of new technologies and methods continue to emerge. At present, treatment methods can generally be divided into three categories: drying method, chemical treatment method, and biological treatment method. The high-quality organic compost made from livestock and poultry manure and other wastes into high-value-added fertilizer products is the market driving force for promoting the resource industry of solid organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure. Microbial organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer (high strain content but little organic matter, only as an inoculant) are not the same concept, but because when biological fertilizer is applied alone, there is a lack of sufficient organic matter to provide energy to functional microorganisms, it is difficult to form a competitive advantage with indigenous microorganisms, thereby affecting the colonization and function of these functional microorganisms in the soil. This is the fundamental reason why the effect of biological fertilizer is not obvious and unstable.

[0003] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0004] When biofertilizer is applied alone, there is a lack of sufficient organic matter to provide energy to functional microorganisms, making it difficult to form a competitive advantage with indigenous microorganisms, thus affecting the colonization and function of these functional microorganisms in the soil. This is the fundamental reason why the effect of biofertilizer is not obvious and unstable. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an agricultural waste rapid composting agent and a method for producing organic fertilizer therefrom.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by a rapid composting agent for agricultural waste:

[0007] The cellulose-degrading strain NJZ5 was used to rapidly decompose cellulose in agricultural waste at 50°C;

[0008] Amylase-producing bacteria, used to break down starch in waste;

[0009] Lipolytic bacteria, used to break down the fat content in waste;

[0010] Enzyme preparations, including cellulases, xylanases, and pectinases, to improve the efficiency of decomposition of cellulose and other organic components;

[0011] Nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sources, to promote microbial growth and metabolism;

[0012] The weight ratio of each component is as follows: cellulose degrading strain accounts for 50-70%, amylase producing bacteria accounts for 10-20%, fat decomposing bacteria accounts for 5-15%, enzyme preparation accounts for 5-10%, and nutrients account for 3-5%.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing organic fertilizer by using agricultural waste rapid composting microbial agent, comprising:

[0014] Step 1: Inoculate strain NJZ5 into a fermenter to obtain a culturable colony count of ≥ 1 × 10 9 Pieces / ml;

[0015] Step 2: After the fermentation liquid and the adsorbent rice bran are evenly mixed, a rapid composting inoculant product of agricultural waste is obtained, wherein the content of NJZ5 strain in the product is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for producing organic fertilizer by rapidly composting agricultural waste and bacterial agents, comprising:

[0017] Fermentation module, used to inoculate strain NJZ5 into the fermentation tank to obtain a culturable colony count of ≥ 1×10 9 Pieces / ml;

[0018] The mixing module is used to mix the fermentation liquid and the adsorbent rice bran evenly to obtain a rapid composting agent product for agricultural waste. The content of NJZ5 strain in the product is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

[0019] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0020] First, the rapid composting microbial fertilizer of agricultural waste of the present invention is applied to agricultural production, which can not only obtain a specific fertilizer effect, but also provide sufficient energy to functional microorganisms through sufficient organic matter, so that they can be easily colonized in the soil and give full play to their functions of promoting the absorption of nutrients by crops, stimulating plant growth, and antagonizing certain soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms.

[0021] Second, the technical solution of the present invention solves multiple technical problems in existing agricultural waste composting technology in industrial applications and has achieved significant technical progress.

[0022] First, in the existing agricultural waste composting process, the traditional composting method usually takes a long time and has low composting efficiency, resulting in a slow waste treatment process and taking up a lot of space. The rapid composting agent of the present invention, especially the use of the efficient decomposition strain NJZ5, can significantly accelerate the decomposition process of the waste, greatly shorten the composting time, improve the composting efficiency, and solve the problem of low efficiency and long time of traditional composting. This has important practical application value for the rapid treatment and resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0023] Secondly, traditional composting methods are often limited by environmental factors, such as fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and oxygen supply, which lead to unstable composting effects and uneven quality of compost products. The present invention uses a fermenter control system to accurately control the temperature, humidity, and oxygen supply during the fermentation process, thereby ensuring the activity and stability of strain NJZ5, so that the composting agent product has a consistent and efficient decomposition ability. This control system greatly improves the stability of the composting process and the quality of the compost product.

[0024] Finally, the use of rice bran adsorbent in the present invention solves the problem of uneven distribution of bacterial agents in the prior art. Rice bran, as an adsorbent, not only provides a good attachment carrier for strain NJZ5, but also enables the strain to be more evenly distributed in the compost material in actual use, ensuring efficient and uniform decomposition of the composting process, avoiding the phenomenon of incomplete or excessive local fermentation. In addition, rice bran itself is also a source of organic matter, which can further improve the nutritional value of organic fertilizer.

[0025] In summary, the present invention not only improves the treatment efficiency of agricultural waste, but also significantly improves the quality of organic fertilizer products by optimizing the preparation of microbial agents and the control of the composting process, and realizes the efficient recycling of resources, which has important industrial application prospects and technological progress.

[0026] Third, the technical solution of the present invention in the rapid composting of agricultural waste solves many problems in the prior art and achieves significant technical progress.

[0027] First, existing composting methods usually take a long time, the decomposition process is slow, and the efficiency is low. Especially when dealing with agricultural waste rich in cellulose (such as straw and fruit and vegetable waste), the traditional composting method faces the problems of difficult decomposition and long fermentation time. The present invention can quickly decompose cellulose-rich waste at 50°C by isolating the efficient cellulose-degrading strain NJZ5, so that the composting process of agricultural waste can be significantly accelerated. For example, the traditional composting method requires more than 30 days of decomposition time, while the rapid composting agent used in the present invention can shorten the composting cycle to 10 to 15 days, significantly improving the processing efficiency and solving the problem of too long composting cycle.

[0028] Secondly, the technical solution of the present invention greatly improves the stability of the composting process and the quality of the compost product by accurately controlling the ratio of the bacterial agent and optimizing the environmental parameters. During the composting process, the use of a rapid composting bacterial agent composed of the fermentation liquid of the NJZ5 strain and a rice bran adsorbent can ensure that the strain plays a stable role in the fermentation process, and by reasonably controlling the fermentation temperature and humidity and regularly turning the pile for ventilation, the continuous existence of aerobic fermentation conditions is ensured, avoiding the corruption and odor problems caused by anaerobic fermentation. This scientific parameter setting not only improves the quality of the compost, but also shortens the maturity time by 30%-40% compared to traditional composting, greatly improving the composting efficiency.

[0029] Finally, the adaptability of the present invention to multiple types of waste is also a significant technological advancement. By rationally designing the bacterial agent ratio and fermentation conditions, the present invention can not only effectively treat agricultural straw waste, but also quickly decompose fruit and vegetable waste, solving the problem that a single composting agent in the traditional composting method cannot adapt to multiple types of waste. This multifunctional composting method expands the application scenarios of organic fertilizers and improves the feasibility of industrial promotion.

[0030] In summary, the present invention solves the problems of low efficiency, long decomposition time, unstable composting, etc. in the prior art by optimizing strains, composting parameters and composting schemes to adapt to a variety of wastes, significantly improves the efficiency of agricultural waste treatment and the quality of organic fertilizer products, and has important industrial application value and technological progress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flowchart of a method for producing organic fertilizer by using a rapid composting agent for agricultural wastes.

[0032] Figure 2 The present invention provides a system structure diagram of producing organic fertilizer by using agricultural waste rapid composting bacteria agent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0034] Example 1: Rapid composting of agricultural waste

[0035] During the agricultural planting process, a large amount of cellulose-rich waste such as straw and rice husk will be generated. In order to quickly dispose of these wastes, the rapid composting agent for agricultural waste described in claim 1 is selected. Prepare the rice straw and corn stalks in the farmland at a total weight of 1 ton, add the composting agent (10 kg of agent per ton of waste), and mix evenly. Make sure that the internal temperature of the compost pile is around 50°C. After maintaining it for 7-10 days, the cellulose and other organic components in the waste will gradually decompose, and the compost will begin to become soft and emit the smell of humus. After about 15-20 days, the compost can be used as an organic fertilizer and returned directly to the field to improve the fertility of the soil.

[0036] Example 2: Combined composting of livestock and poultry manure and agricultural waste

[0037] In livestock and poultry farms, a large amount of livestock and poultry manure is produced, which usually needs to be mixed with agricultural waste such as straw for composting. Select the composting agent described in claim 1, add 10 kg of agent to a mixture of 1 ton of manure and straw, and stir and mix thoroughly. Ensure that the composting temperature is maintained at 50°C and maintain good ventilation by turning the compost. After 15-20 days of fermentation, the nitrogen source in livestock and poultry manure and the cellulose in agricultural waste can be effectively degraded, and finally high-quality organic fertilizer is generated, which can be used for farmland crop planting and promote crop growth.

[0038] The agricultural waste rapid composting agent provided by the embodiment of the present invention is:

[0039] A strain NJZ5 was isolated that could rapidly decompose various cellulose-rich wastes at 50°C.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for producing organic fertilizer by using a rapid composting agent of agricultural waste provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0041] S101, inoculate strain NJZ5 into a fermenter to obtain a number of culturable colonies in the fermentation broth ≥ 1 × 10 9 Pieces / ml;

[0042] S102, after the fermentation liquid and the adsorbent rice bran are evenly mixed, a rapid composting inoculant product for agricultural waste is obtained, wherein the content of NJZ5 strain in the product is ≥1×108 Pieces / gram.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, a system for producing organic fertilizer by rapidly composting agricultural wastes provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0044] Fermentation module, used to inoculate strain NJZ5 into the fermentation tank to obtain a culturable colony count of ≥ 1×10 9 Pieces / ml;

[0045] The mixing module is used to mix the fermentation liquid and the adsorbent rice bran evenly to obtain a rapid composting agent product for agricultural waste. The content of NJZ5 strain in the product is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

[0046] The working principle of the method for producing organic fertilizer by rapidly composting agricultural waste provided by the embodiment of the present invention is mainly divided into two steps: fermentation and mixing.

[0047] First, in the fermentation stage (S101), strain NJZ5 is inoculated into the fermentation tank. NJZ5 is a microorganism that can efficiently decompose agricultural waste. Through the constant temperature control and nutrient supply of the fermentation tank, the strain can reproduce rapidly, ensuring that the number of culturable colonies in the fermentation liquid reaches 1×10 9 This high colony concentration is an important factor in the rapid decomposition of agricultural waste during the composting process. Parameters such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen supply during the fermentation stage are strictly controlled to ensure that strain NJZ5 can maintain its decomposition ability and reproduce rapidly.

[0048] Next, in the mixing stage (S102), the fermentation broth is mixed with adsorbent rice bran. Rice bran, as an adsorbent, can provide a good carrier for the strain, so that it can be more evenly distributed in the agricultural waste during the composting process. The purpose of mixing is to ensure that the NJZ5 strain in the fermentation broth is stably attached to the surface of the rice bran, and at the same time ensure that its content in terms of culturable colonies reaches 1×10 8 Rice bran can also provide a certain amount of organic matter, which helps to further improve the composting effect of the microbial agent.

[0049] Finally, the mixed composting agent product has a strong ability to decompose agricultural waste and can quickly act on the waste to convert it into organic fertilizer. The NJZ5 strain in the agent decomposes the organic matter in the waste, promotes the maturity and release of organic matter in the composting process, greatly shortens the time required for traditional composting, improves composting efficiency, and ultimately produces high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0050] Example 1: Rapid degradation of agricultural straw waste compost

[0051] 1. Raw material preparation

[0052] Agricultural waste such as wheat straw and rice straw are used as the main raw materials for composting. These straws are crushed to a length of 3 to 5 cm to ensure that the raw materials have a high surface area, which is conducive to subsequent microbial degradation.

[0053] 2. Inoculation of bacterial agents

[0054] According to claim 1, the isolated strain NJZ5 is used for rapid composting. In step 1, the NJZ5 strain is inoculated in a fermenter for cultivation to obtain a culturable colony count of ≥ 1×10 9 Then in step 2, the fermentation liquid is mixed with adsorbent rice bran at a ratio of 1:10 to prepare a rapid composting agent for agricultural waste, and the content of NJZ5 strain in the product reaches ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

[0055] 3. Composting operation

[0056] Spread the rapid composting agent evenly in the composting raw materials at a dosage of 1-2 kg per ton of straw. Then, adjust the humidity of the compost to 50-60% and maintain the temperature of the compost at around 50°C. The NJZ5 strain in the agent can quickly decompose cellulose-rich waste under high temperature conditions and promote the degradation of straw.

[0057] 4. Fermentation process

[0058] The compost is turned and ventilated every day to maintain adequate oxygen supply and suitable temperature. After 15 days of composting, the cellulose and lignin of the straw are quickly decomposed to form a mature compost rich in organic matter. The final composting time is shortened by 30% compared with the traditional method.

[0059] 5. Effect of use

[0060] This compost not only effectively solves the problem of straw waste, but also generates high-efficiency organic fertilizer. After application, the organic matter content of the soil is significantly increased, the soil structure is improved, and crop yields are increased.

[0061] Example 2: Rapid composting of crop, fruit and vegetable waste

[0062] 1. Raw material preparation

[0063] In this embodiment, discarded fruits and vegetables from agricultural crops are used as compost raw materials, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, etc. The fruit and vegetable waste is initially crushed to accelerate the subsequent microbial degradation rate.

[0064] 2. Inoculation of bacterial agents

[0065] According to the technical scheme of claims 1 and 2, firstly, the fermentation liquid of NJZ5 strain (the number of culturable colonies ≥ 1×10 9 / ml) and rice bran adsorbent to prepare a rapid composting agent. The number of colonies in the agent was maintained at ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

[0066] 3. Composting operation

[0067] Add 1 kg of rapid composting agent to the composting materials per ton of fruit and vegetable waste and stir thoroughly. Ensure that the humidity of the compost is between 50% and 60% to facilitate the rapid reproduction and degradation of cellulose by the NJZ5 strain in the agent during the fermentation process.

[0068] 4. Fermentation process

[0069] The temperature of the pile is controlled at about 50℃, and the NJZ5 strain quickly decomposes the organic matter in the fruit and vegetable waste under high temperature. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation period to ensure good ventilation and avoid the occurrence of anaerobic conditions. Usually in about 10 days, the fruit and vegetable waste is quickly decomposed and converted into organic fertilizer.

[0070] 5. Effect of use

[0071] This composting method effectively reduces the accumulation problem of fruit and vegetable waste and quickly generates organic fertilizer, which, when applied to crops, can improve soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and promote the healthy growth of fruit and vegetable crops.

[0072] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid composting agent for agricultural waste, characterized in that: The agricultural waste rapid composting agent comprises: The cellulose-degrading strain NJZ5 was used to rapidly decompose cellulose in agricultural waste at 50°C; Amylase-producing bacteria, used to break down starch in waste; Lipolytic bacteria, used to break down the fat content in waste; Enzyme preparations, including cellulases, xylanases, and pectinases, to improve the efficiency of decomposition of cellulose and other organic components; Nutrients, including nitrogen source, phosphorus source and potassium source, are used to promote microbial growth and metabolism; wherein the weight ratio of each component is: cellulose degrading strain accounts for 50-70%, amylase producing bacteria accounts for 10-20%, lipolytic bacteria accounts for 5-15%, enzyme preparation accounts for 5-10%, and nutrients account for 3-5%.

2. A method for producing organic fertilizer using the agricultural waste rapid composting inoculant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for producing organic fertilizer by using agricultural waste rapid composting microbial agent comprises: Step 1: Inoculate strain NJZ5 into a fermenter to obtain a culturable colony count of ≥ 1 × 10 9 Pieces / ml; Step 2: After the fermentation liquid and the adsorbent rice bran are evenly mixed, a rapid composting inoculant product of agricultural waste is obtained, wherein the content of NJZ5 strain in the product is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

3. A system for producing organic fertilizer by rapid composting of agricultural waste using a bacterial agent, which implements the method for producing organic fertilizer by rapid composting of agricultural waste using a bacterial agent as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The system for producing organic fertilizer by using agricultural waste rapid composting microbial agent comprises: Fermentation module, used to inoculate strain NJZ5 into the fermentation tank to obtain a culturable colony count of ≥ 1 × 10 9 Pieces / ml; The mixing module is used to mix the fermentation liquid and the adsorbent rice bran evenly to obtain a rapid composting agent product for agricultural waste. The content of NJZ5 strain in the product is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram.

4. A rapid composting method for agricultural straw waste, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Crush the straw into 3-5 cm length as compost raw material; A rapid composting agent containing strain NJZ5 was used, which was composed of NJZ5 fermentation liquid (cultivable colony number ≥ 1×10 9 / ml) and adsorbent rice bran, the content of NJZ5 in the bacterial agent is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram; The rapid composting agent is added to the straw raw material at a ratio of 1-2 kg per ton of straw, the humidity is adjusted to 50%-60%, the fermentation temperature is maintained at 50°C, and the pile is turned and ventilated regularly; After 15 days of fermentation, mature organic compost is formed.

5. The method for rapid composting of agricultural straw waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the fermentation period, the compost is turned over every day to maintain sufficient oxygen supply and compost body temperature, and the final composting time is shortened by 30% compared with the traditional method.

6. A rapid composting method for fruit and vegetable waste, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Crush fruit and vegetable waste to use as compost raw materials; A rapid composting agent containing strain NJZ5 was used, which was composed of NJZ5 fermentation liquid (cultivable colony number ≥ 1×10 9 / ml) mixed with rice bran, the content of NJZ5 in the microbial agent is ≥1×10 8 Pieces / gram; The rapid composting agent is added to the compost raw materials at a ratio of 1 kg per ton of fruit and vegetable waste, the humidity is adjusted to 50%-60%, the fermentation temperature is maintained at 50°C, and the compost is turned and ventilated regularly; After 10 days of fermentation, mature organic compost is formed.

7. The method for rapid composting of fruit and vegetable waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the fermentation period, the pile is turned over regularly to ensure ventilation and avoid anaerobic fermentation. The final decomposition time is shortened by about 40% compared with conventional composting.

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