Hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of excavator

Abstract

The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device comprises a quick-change main body, a main hook and a rear lock hook, the quick-change main body comprises two side plates, two reinforcing plates and a supporting frame, a hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the supporting frame, a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder is located in the horizontal direction, and a push-pull block is arranged at the end of the piston rod; a push rod is arranged on the other side of the push-pull block; the main hook is arranged at the front ends of the two side plates and the two reinforcing plates, and a front locking plate is arranged in the middle of the main hook close to the reinforcing plate on one side; the rear lock hook comprises two columnar structures, two through holes are formed in the supporting frame in the horizontal direction, the tails of the two columnar structures penetrate out of the two through holes and can slide in the two through holes respectively, the middle positions of the columnar structures are fixed to the push-pull block, and the front ends of the columnar structures penetrate into the locking mechanism. The front safety lock and the rear safety lock are designed, double safety guarantee is achieved, and safety accidents caused by accidental falling of the work accessory due to failure of a hydraulic system can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of quick-change connectors for excavators, and in particular to a hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of excavator technology, excavators have expanded from single excavation and backfilling operations to multiple functions such as crushing, piling, compaction, demolition, shearing, clamping, etc. by installing different working accessories, which greatly improves the scope of use of excavators. The traditional method of replacing excavators with accessories is to remove the two pins, replace the required working accessories, and then install the two pins. This method is very troublesome and time-consuming. In addition, it is inconvenient to operate in harsh environments and has low work efficiency.

[0003] In order to improve work efficiency and achieve the purpose of quickly replacing various work accessories, technicians in this field have successively designed a variety of quick-change connection devices for excavators. Existing quick-change devices are mainly divided into two categories: mechanical and hydraulic. When replacing accessories, quick-change devices with mechanical structures require manpower to operate the quick-change mechanical mechanism; quick-change devices with hydraulic structures rely on hydraulic cylinders, which drive the cylinders through the main hydraulic system to drive the lock hook to clamp and release the accessories. However, when the hydraulic cylinder fails due to internal leakage, the accessories may fall, which is prone to safety accidents.

[0004] At present, the traditional hydraulic quick-change provides a safety protection device. After the quick-change clamping attachment, the operator needs to manually insert the mechanical brake pin shaft to prevent the attachment from falling off due to failure of the hydraulic system. However, when the work attachment needs to be replaced, the operator needs to walk out of the cab and remove the mechanical brake pin shaft to separate the attachment. This device is inconvenient to operate under harsh conditions and has low work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator, so as to solve the problem that the mechanical mechanism of the quick-change device needs to be operated manually or the accessories fall off due to failure of the hydraulic system.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator comprises a quick-change body, a main hook, and a rear lock hook, wherein: The quick-change body includes two side plates, two reinforcing plates and a support frame, the two reinforcing plates are respectively fixed to the inner sides of the front parts of the two side plates, the support frame is fixed between the tail parts of the two side plates, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the support frame, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in a horizontal direction, a push-pull block is arranged at its end, a push rod is arranged on the other side of the push-pull block, a round hole is arranged at the front end of the push rod, the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the push-pull block to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction, thereby driving the push rod to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction; The main hook is arranged at the front ends of the two side plates and the two reinforcing plates, and a front locking plate is arranged at the middle of the main hook near one side reinforcing plate. The front locking plate is hook-shaped, and a hinge hole is arranged in the middle thereof, and a rotating shaft is inserted into the hinge hole. Both ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected with the two reinforcing plates, and the front locking plate can rotate around the rotating shaft. A sliding hole is arranged at the rear end of the front locking plate, and the sliding hole is movably connected to the circular hole at the front end of the push rod through a round pin. When the push rod moves forward and backward, the round pin can slide in the sliding hole, and at the same time drive the front locking plate to rotate around the rotating shaft; The rear locking hook includes two columnar structures. The support frame has two through holes in the horizontal direction. The tails of the two columnar structures pass through the two through holes and can slide in the two through holes respectively. The middle position of the columnar structure is fixed on the push-pull block, and the front end position of the columnar structure passes through the locking mechanism. One end of the locking mechanism is inserted into the first circular groove set on one side of the reinforcement plate, and the other end is inserted into the second circular groove set on the push-pull block.

[0007] The hydraulic cylinder is provided with a hydraulically controlled one-way safety valve.

[0008] A hydraulic cylinder mounting seat is arranged in the support frame, and the hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the hydraulic cylinder mounting seat by a pressing plate and bolts.

[0009] An upper sealing plate is arranged on the upper end of the reinforcing plate and the upper end of the supporting frame.

[0010] The upper ends of the reinforcing plate and the supporting frame are both provided with threaded holes, and the upper sealing plate is fixed by bolts.

[0011] The push rod is coaxial with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] The sliding hole is a strip-shaped hole.

[0013] The front end and middle portion of the columnar structure of the rear locking hook are cylindrical, and the rear end is wedge-shaped.

[0014] The locking mechanism is a compression spring.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator of the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient operation. It is designed with front and rear safety locks, has double safety protection, and can prevent safety accidents caused by accidental falling of working accessories due to failure of the hydraulic system. The safety lock can be automatically locked, and the operator does not need to walk out of the cab to manually insert the mechanical brake pin shaft, so the accessories can be quickly replaced, which saves time and effort, and is safe and efficient.

[0016] The present invention is designed with a front and rear double locking mechanism, and can realize automatic locking during operation, without the need for an operator to get off the vehicle to manually install a mechanical brake pin shaft, and can quickly replace accessories, saving time and effort.

[0017] The present invention sets a front lock plate at one end of the main hook, and the front lock plate is linked with the push-pull block through a push rod. The push-pull block drives the rear lock hook to slide forward and backward. The push-pull block is limited by the compression spring when the hydraulic cylinder is retracted. At this time, the front and rear axes of the attachment are limited and locked by the front main hook and the rear lock hook of the device. Even if the cylinder fails due to internal leakage or the pipeline is broken, the attachment can still be safely locked. At the same time, the operator can clearly observe in the cab whether the front lock plate is currently in the locked or unlocked position, which can avoid misoperation and further enhance the safety of the device.

[0018] The present invention is also designed with an upper sealing plate, and threaded holes are arranged on the upper end of the reinforcing plate and the upper end of the supporting frame. The sealing plate can be quickly installed and disassembled by cooperating with bolts, and the internal system of the quick-change body can be covered to prevent debris from entering the quick-change body and affecting the realization of the internal structure function. It can also prevent the hydraulic cylinder from being damaged by external objects (branches, stones, etc.) during operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a side schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after removing one side plate of the quick-change main body; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention from another perspective after removing one side panel of the quick-change main body; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the front lock plate structure; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the support frame structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement plate structure; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the push-pull block structure; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the rear lock hook structure; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram when the front and rear locks of the quick change are both opened; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the attachment after the front and rear pins are fixed; Fig.12 This is the overall schematic diagram after the bucket is installed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator of the present invention comprises a quick-change body 1, a main hook 2, and a rear lock hook 13, wherein: The quick-change body 1 includes two side plates, two reinforcing plates 4 and a support frame 14. The two reinforcing plates 4 are respectively fixed to the inner sides of the front parts of the two side plates. The support frame 14 is fixed between the tail parts of the two side plates. A hydraulic cylinder mounting seat 141 is arranged inside the support frame 14. The hydraulic cylinder 11 is fixed to the hydraulic cylinder mounting seat 141 by means of a pressure plate 12 and bolts. The hydraulic cylinder 11 has a hydraulically controlled one-way safety valve inside. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is in a horizontal direction, and a push-pull block 9 is arranged at its end. A push rod 7 is arranged on the other side of the push-pull block 9. The push rod 7 is coaxial with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 11, and a round hole is arranged at the front end of the push rod 7. The extension and retraction of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 11 drives the push-pull block 9 to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction, thereby driving the push rod 7 to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction.

[0022] The main hook 2 is arranged at the front end of the two side plates and the two reinforcing plates 4. A front locking plate 3 is arranged in the middle of the main hook 2, close to one side reinforcing plate 4. The front locking plate 3 is hook-shaped, and a hinge hole 31 is arranged in the middle thereof. The hinge hole 31 is inserted into the rotating shaft 6. The two ends of the rotating shaft 6 are fixedly connected with the two reinforcing plates 4. The front locking plate 3 can rotate around the rotating shaft 6. A sliding hole 32 is arranged at the tail of the front locking plate 3. The sliding hole 32 is a strip hole. The sliding hole 32 is movably connected to the circular hole arranged at the front end of the push rod 7 through a round pin 8. When the push rod 7 moves back and forth, the round pin 8 can slide in the sliding hole 32, and at the same time drive the front locking plate 3 to rotate around the rotating shaft 6.

[0023] The rear lock hook 13 includes two columnar structures, and the support frame 14 has two through holes 142 in the horizontal direction. The tails of the two columnar structures pass through the two through holes 142 and can slide in the two through holes 142 respectively. The middle position of the columnar structure is fixed on the push-pull block 9, and the front end of the columnar structure penetrates the locking mechanism 15. The locking mechanism 15 is a compression spring, and one end of the locking mechanism 15 is inserted into the first circular groove 41 set on one side of the reinforcing plate 4, and the other end is inserted into the second circular groove 91 set on the push-pull block 9. The front and middle positions of the columnar structure of the rear lock hook 13 are cylindrical, and the rear end is wedge-shaped.

[0024] An upper sealing plate 5 is provided on the upper end of the reinforcing plate 4 and the upper end of the supporting frame 14. Threaded holes are provided on the upper end of the reinforcing plate 4 and the upper end of the supporting frame 14, and the upper sealing plate 5 is fixed by bolts.

[0025] When the attachment is connected, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the push-pull block to move to the left and further compressing the compression spring. After a series of linkages, the front lock plate rotates to the upper end of the main hook, and the main hook is in the unlocked position. At the same time, the rear lock hook also moves to the left driven by the push-pull block, and the rear lock hook is also in the unlocked position. Fig.10 As shown. At this time, the main hook can be connected to the front axle of the attachment, and then the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder retracts, driving the push-pull block to move to the right. At the same time, the compression spring will also push the push-pull block to move to the right, and the front locking plate will rotate to the front end of the main hook, and the front axle of the attachment will be locked. At the same time, the rear locking hook moves to the right driven by the push-pull block, and the wedge-shaped surface at the rear end of the rear locking hook, the side plate and the support frame jointly clamp the rear axle of the attachment. At this time, the compression spring is still in a compressed state, and the compression spring still has a great tightening force on the push-pull block and then on the rear locking hook, which can effectively prevent the rear locking hook from retracting when the hydraulic cylinder fails, and the rear axle of the attachment is locked. Fig.11 shown.

[0026] When the attachment needs to be disassembled, it is only necessary to extend the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. At this time, the front main hook and the rear locking hook of the device are in the unlocked position, and the front and rear axes of the working attachment can be smoothly disengaged.

[0027] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator, characterized in that: It comprises a quick-change body (1), a main hook (2), and a rear locking hook (13), wherein: The quick-change body (1) comprises two side plates, two reinforcing plates (4) and a support frame (14), wherein the two reinforcing plates (4) are respectively fixed to the inner sides of the front parts of the two side plates, and the support frame (14) is fixed between the rear parts of the two side plates. A hydraulic cylinder (11) is arranged on the inner side of the support frame (14), and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (11) is in a horizontal direction, and a push-pull block (9) is arranged at its end, and a push rod (7) is arranged on the other side of the push-pull block (9), and a round hole is arranged at the front end of the push rod (7). The extension and retraction of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (11) drives the push-pull block (9) to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction, thereby driving the push rod (7) to move forward and backward in the horizontal direction; The main hook (2) is arranged at the front ends of the two side plates and the two reinforcing plates (4); a front locking plate (3) is arranged in the middle of the main hook (2) near one side reinforcing plate (4); the front locking plate (3) is hook-shaped, and a hinge hole (31) is arranged in the middle thereof; a rotating shaft (6) is inserted into the hinge hole (31); both ends of the rotating shaft (6) are fixedly connected to the two reinforcing plates (4); the front locking plate (3) can rotate around the rotating shaft (6); a sliding hole (32) is arranged at the rear end of the front locking plate (3); the sliding hole (32) and the circular hole at the front end of the push rod (7) are movably connected via a round pin (8); when the push rod (7) moves forward and backward, the round pin (8) can slide in the sliding hole (32), and at the same time drive the front locking plate (3) to rotate around the rotating shaft (6); The rear locking hook (13) comprises two columnar structures. The support frame (14) has two through holes (142) in the horizontal direction. The tails of the two columnar structures pass through the two through holes (142) and can slide in the two through holes (142) respectively. The middle position of the columnar structure is fixed on the push-pull block (9). The front end of the columnar structure passes through the locking mechanism (15). One end of the locking mechanism (15) is inserted into a first circular groove (41) provided on one side of the reinforcing plate (4), and the other end is inserted into a second circular groove (91) provided on the push-pull block (9).

2. A hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder (11) is provided with a hydraulically controlled one-way safety valve inside.

3. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder mounting seat (141) is provided in the support frame (14), and the hydraulic cylinder (11) is fixed in the hydraulic cylinder mounting seat (141) via a pressing plate (12) and bolts.

4. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper sealing plate (5) is provided at the upper end of the reinforcing plate (4) and the upper end of the supporting frame (14).

5. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper ends of the reinforcing plate (4) and the supporting frame (14) are both provided with threaded holes, and the upper sealing plate (5) is fixed by bolts.

6. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push rod (7) and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (11) are coaxial.

7. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding hole (32) is a strip-shaped hole.

8. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end and middle portion of the columnar structure of the rear locking hook (13) are cylindrical, and the rear end is wedge-shaped.

9. The hydraulic double-lock quick-change device for quickly switching working accessories of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (15) is a compression spring.

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