Portable engineering exploration drilling machine for rock core drilling and drilling coring method

Abstract

The invention provides a portable engineering exploration drilling machine for rock core drilling and a drilling coring method.The portable engineering exploration drilling machine comprises a drilling machine base, a lifting system, a power head assembly, a clamping mechanism and an operation table, the power head assembly comprises a power head and a driving mechanism, and the power head comprises a driving main shaft of a hollow structure; the torque transmission device is configured for torque transmission, axial feeding and / or coring of the drill rod; the power head is arranged on the sliding frame, and a third driving mechanism is configured to drive the power head to conduct limited translation in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod so that the power head can be freely switched between the first position and the second position. According to the drilling machine, translation of the power head can be achieved, drilling of engineering investigation construction can be met, standard penetration testing can be conducted, and the working efficiency and the construction progress are improved; and due to the structural design of the hollow mandrel, the coring work is facilitated, and the labor intensity of operators is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engineering drilling, and in particular to a portable engineering exploration drilling rig for core drilling and a drilling and coring method. Background Art

[0002] An exploration drill is a piece of mechanical equipment used in geological exploration. It drives the drill bit underground to obtain physical geological data, such as cores, ore cores, and cuttings. The exploration drill is mainly used to explore underground geology and mineral resources, and to conduct standard penetration to obtain soil hardness at different depths.

[0003] At present, most of the exploration drills commonly used on the market use a top drive power head to drive the drill rod to drill into the soil to a certain depth and then take coring. When taking coring, since there is no hole on the top of the power head, the operator needs to flip the power head around its rotation axis at a certain angle (for example, 135°) to leave room for coring in order to take coring normally. After coring is completed, the power head needs to be returned to its original position. Such operation increases the labor intensity of the operator and reduces work efficiency. In addition, the drilling rigs in the prior art have insufficient clamping force and lack necessary protective measures, which can easily lead to accidents such as drill runaway due to misoperation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a portable exploration drilling rig for core drilling and a coring method.

[0005] Specifically, the present disclosure is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a portable exploration drilling rig for core drilling, comprising:

[0007] Drilling rig base;

[0008] A lifting system, arranged on the drilling rig base, is used for lifting and lowering the drill pipe or lifting the core, and includes a mast assembly, a luffing mechanism and a lifting winch;

[0009] A power head assembly, used for rotary drilling of a drill rod, comprising a power head and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism can at least realize translation of the power head in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod;

[0010] A clamping mechanism, configured to perform center positioning and clamping on the drill pipe, comprising at least a first clamp and a second clamp axially spaced from the first clamp along the same center positioning line, wherein the first clamp is disposed at the bottom of the power head, and the second clamp is fixed to one end of the bottom of the mast assembly;

[0011] The operating console includes an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system and a mechanical control system; among which,

[0012] The power head is movably arranged on the mast assembly, and comprises at least a driving spindle, wherein the driving spindle is a hollow core shaft having an inner diameter greater than an outer diameter of the drill pipe, and the hollow core shaft is configured at least for torque transmission, axial feeding and / or coring of the drill pipe;

[0013] The driving mechanism includes a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, a third driving mechanism and a sliding frame, wherein the power head is arranged on the sliding frame, and the third driving mechanism is configured to drive the power head to perform restrictive translation in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe, so that the power head can switch freely between the first position and the second position.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mast assembly includes a mast body, a mast slide, a mast crane bracket, a crane telescopic bracket, and a pulley frame group; wherein the mast body is pivotally connected to the drilling rig base, the mast slide is arranged on the mast body, and slides up and down along the mast body under the action of the second driving mechanism, preferably, the second driving mechanism is a drilling and lifting cylinder; one end of the mast crane bracket is connected to the mast body, and the other end is connected to the crane telescopic bracket, the crane telescopic bracket is used to adjust the overall height of the mast assembly, the pulley frame group includes a fixed pulley and a movable pulley frame, the fixed pulley is fixed near the top of the mast body, and the movable pulley frame is foldable and arranged at the top of the crane telescopic bracket;

[0015] The luffing mechanism comprises a landing bracket, a first auxiliary bracket and a second auxiliary bracket, wherein the landing bracket comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is hinged to the drilling rig base, and the other end is a free end, which can be selectively connected to the mast body at different inclination angles, the first auxiliary bracket and the second auxiliary bracket are both retractable multi-section brackets, one end of the first and second auxiliary brackets is hinged to the frame base, and the other end is hinged to the mast body and the mast crane bracket respectively;

[0016] The hoisting winch includes a winch support, a drum, a hydraulic reduction mechanism and a steel wire rope. The winch support is fixed on the drilling rig base. There are two steel wire ropes, one for pressurization and the other for lifting. The two steel wire ropes are wound around the drum opposite to each other. The drum is placed on the winch support. The hydraulic reduction mechanism is used for driving and controlling the lowering of the drill rod and the lifting of the drill rod or the core.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sliding frame includes a rectangular lower sliding plate, a rectangular upper sliding plate, a first sliding assembly and a second sliding assembly, the rectangular upper sliding plate and the rectangular lower sliding plate are stacked up and down and opposed to each other, and are connected by the first sliding rail, wherein the first sliding rail includes a first sliding groove and a first slide way, there are two first sliding grooves, which are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower edges of the bottom surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod, and there are two first slide ways, which are set at the position of the top surface of the rectangular lower sliding plate corresponding to the first sliding groove; the power head is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the third driving mechanism is arranged in the accommodation space formed by the rectangular sliding plate, the rectangular upper sliding plate and the first sliding assembly, and is used to drive the rectangular upper sliding plate to move relative to the sliding plate;

[0019] The second sliding assembly at least includes a sliding fixing plate fixed on the upper side of the rectangular sliding plate, and the bottom surface of the sliding fixing plate is provided with a slot in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe for being connected with the mast slide by snapping;

[0020] The second driving mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mast body along the axial direction of the drill pipe, and includes a first drilling and lifting cylinder and a second drilling and lifting cylinder. The piston rods of the first and second drilling and lifting cylinders are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rectangular lower slide plate, and are used to propel or lift the power head.

[0021] In some embodiments, the power head further includes a reduction box, a gear transmission mechanism and a bearing group; wherein,

[0022] The reduction box includes a first drive shaft, a coupling, a first bearing, a drive gear and a reduction box housing which are eccentrically arranged with the hollow core shaft. The first drive shaft is transmission-connected with the first drive mechanism through the coupling, and the drive gear is transmission-connected with the first drive shaft. The first bearing, the first drive shaft and the drive gear are arranged on one side of the accommodation space formed by the reduction box housing, and the hollow core shaft passes through the reduction box housing and is arranged on the other side of the accommodation space.

[0023] The gear transmission mechanism comprises a driven gear surrounding the outer wall of the hollow core shaft, wherein the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear at a predetermined reduction ratio, wherein the reduction ratio is preferably 1:2;

[0024] The bearing group includes a second bearing and a third bearing, wherein the second bearing is fixed above the driven gear along the axial direction of the hollow core shaft through a second bearing seat, and the third bearing is arranged at a first mounting position formed between the bottom of the reduction gear housing and the hollow core shaft.

[0025] In some embodiments, a bearing seat end cover, a wear-resistant sleeve and a coring end cover are provided near one end of the hollow core shaft along the drilling direction away from the drill pipe, wherein the second bearing seat is fixed to the outer wall surface of the hollow core shaft through the bearing seat end cover, and the wear-resistant sleeve is provided between the bearing seat end cover and the hollow core shaft; the coring end cover is provided at the top of the hollow core shaft detachably connected; or,

[0026] The hollow core shaft extends downwardly from the bottom surface of the reduction box housing toward the drilling direction of the drill rod, and the first clamp is arranged at the extended end of the hollow core shaft, and a sealing bottom cover is also arranged between the reduction box housing and the first clamp.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first clamp is a self-clamping clamping mechanism, including a clamping cylinder sleeve, a clamping piston, a clamping cylinder, a clamping ring, a clamping plate, a pressure plate, a slip, a compression spring, a compression spring cover, a slip seat, a power head end cover and a shaft cover; wherein,

[0028] The clamping cylinder sleeve, the clamping piston and the clamping cylinder are arranged in sequence from inside to outside along the radial direction of the hollow core shaft, the clamping piston is sealedly connected with the clamping cylinder sleeve and the clamping cylinder, and the clamping ring, the clamping plate and the pressure plate are stacked in sequence along the axial direction of the hollow core shaft; wherein the clamping ring is an annular gasket, which is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the hollow core shaft, the clamping plate is arranged at the lower part of the clamping ring and is clamped in a positioning groove formed on the outer wall surface of the hollow core shaft, and the pressure plate is located at the lower part of the clamping plate and is slidably connected between the slips;

[0029] The slip is composed of a slip body with a multi-petal structure, the slip body is arranged on a second mounting position formed near the bottom of the hollow core shaft and encloses a clamping space, an anti-slip portion is distributed on the inner wall surface of the slip body, and a wedge-shaped structure is formed on the outer wall surface; a wedge-shaped portion corresponding to the wedge-shaped structure of the slip body is formed on a side of the slip seat that contacts the slip;

[0030] The compression spring is arranged in a variable accommodation space formed between the compression spring cover and the power head end cover; in a working state, the slip is arranged to be retracted toward the axial direction of the hollow core shaft to provide a preset clamping force.

[0031] In some embodiments, the second clamp includes a fixing seat, a clamp body, a clamping cylinder, a guide sleeve, and a chuck body; wherein,

[0032] The clamp body is fixedly mounted on the fixing seat, and the fixing seat is detachably fixed to the lower end of the mast body. The guide sleeve is relatively arranged inside the clamp body. The clamping cylinder includes a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder. The guide sleeve includes a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The chuck body includes a first chuck body and a second chuck body. The first chuck body is fixedly connected to the first clamping cylinder via a first guide sleeve, and the second chuck body is fixedly connected to the second clamping cylinder via a second guide sleeve.

[0033] In some embodiments, the operating console includes an instrument panel, a display screen, a pressure and speed regulating valve knob and an operating handle, and the operating handle is electrically, hydraulically or mechanically controlled to be connected to the lifting system, the power head assembly and the clamping mechanism; wherein the operating handle includes at least a drill rod clamping reversing valve operating handle, a power head translation reversing valve operating handle, a power head reversing valve operating handle, a drilling and lifting cylinder reversing valve operating handle and a lifting winch reversing valve operating handle.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a drilling and coring method, using the portable exploration drilling rig of the first aspect, wherein:

[0035] During drilling, the mast assembly is used to guide the drill rod to be lowered, and the hoisting winch is controlled to release the wire rope so that the drill rod passes through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft and is clamped and fixed. At the same time, the power head assembly provides torque to drive the drill rod to rotate and pressurize downward to drill into the target layer at a predetermined depth;

[0036] When coring, the salvage device is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the hoisting winch is controlled to release the wire rope, so that the salvage device passes through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft and descends to the core barrel in the target layer. The hoisting winch is controlled to tighten the wire rope, and the salvage device takes out the core barrel through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft to complete the coring.

[0037] According to the disclosed embodiment, the power head is arranged to be a structure capable of freely switching between a first position and a second position, so that the engineering exploration drilling rig can meet the requirements of multi-functional application scenarios such as drilling, coring and standard penetration testing, thereby improving work efficiency while shortening the construction progress and greatly reducing the labor intensity of operators; the hollow structure of the driving spindle design can facilitate the delivery of drill rods and coring while meeting the requirements of transmitting large torque force, greatly simplifying the work process and improving labor efficiency; the double clamping structure with a first clamp and a second clamp can ensure the center positioning of the drill rod, provide a more reliable clamping force for the drill rod, prevent accidents such as drill runaway due to misoperation, and improve safety and convenience.

[0038] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable engineering exploration drilling rig from a first perspective in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a portable engineering exploration drilling rig from a second perspective in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a power head assembly and a mast assembly in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an operating console in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 10: Drilling rig base;

[0046] 20: lifting system; 21: mast assembly; 22: luffing mechanism; 23: lifting winch; 210: mast body; 211: mast carriage; 212: mast crane bracket; 213: crane telescopic bracket; 214: pulley frame group; 2140: fixed pulley; 2141: movable pulley frame; 220: landing bracket; 221: first auxiliary bracket; 222: second auxiliary bracket;

[0047] 30: power head assembly; 31: power head; 32: driving mechanism; 310: hollow mandrel; 311: reduction box; 320: first driving mechanism; 321: second driving mechanism; 322: third driving mechanism; 323: sliding frame; 3230: rectangular lower sliding plate; 3231: rectangular upper sliding plate; 3232: first sliding assembly; 3233: second sliding assembly; 3210: first drilling and lifting cylinder; 3211: second drilling and lifting cylinder;

[0048] 40: clamping mechanism; 41: first clamp; 42: second clamp; 410: clamping piston; 411: clamping cylinder; 412: power head end cover; 413: shaft cover; 420: fixing seat; 421: clamp body; 422: clamping cylinder; 423: guide sleeve; 424: chuck body;

[0049] 50: Operating table. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than implying any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0051] As used herein, the term "including" and its variants are to be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to"; the terms "embodiment" and "one embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment"; the terms "first", "second", etc. may refer to different or the same objects; the term "setting" is not limited to direct connection or indirect connection, nor is it limited to a specific connection method. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0052] In the following description, some specific numerical values ​​or numerical ranges may be involved. It should be understood that these numerical values ​​and numerical ranges are merely exemplary, which may be helpful in putting the idea of ​​the present disclosure into practice. However, the description of these examples is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. According to specific application scenarios and requirements, these numerical values ​​or numerical ranges can be set separately.

[0053] As mentioned above, in the prior art, the operator needs to flip the power head around the rotating shaft to a certain angle to leave a space for coring before coring can be performed normally. After coring is completed, the power head needs to be restored to its original position, which makes the work process cumbersome and the labor efficiency low. The portable exploration drilling rig and the method for coring proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure at least partially solve the above problems. Figures 1 to 4 The structure and working principle of a portable exploration drill rig for core drilling according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure are described.

[0054] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the portable drilling rig of the embodiment of the present disclosure generally includes a drilling rig base 10, a lifting system 20, a power head assembly 30, a clamping mechanism 40 and an operating table 50. Those skilled in the art will understand that the portable drilling rig also has conventional functional components, exemplarily including an engine, a mud pool, a clean water pool, etc., but these components are not strongly related to the concept of the present disclosure and are not described in detail herein.

[0055] Specifically, the drilling rig base 10 is used to carry various functional components of the drilling rig, and the drilling rig base 10 is arranged on a traveling mechanism (not shown in the figure), which can facilitate the overall movement of the drilling rig. Exemplarily, the traveling mechanism can be a crawler, a driving wheel, etc., and the present disclosure does not make any special restrictions here.

[0056] The lifting system 20 is arranged on the drilling rig base 10 and is used for lifting and lowering the drill pipe or lifting the core. For example, the lifting system 20 of the present disclosure may include a mast assembly 21, a luffing mechanism 22 and a lifting winch 23.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mast assembly 21 includes a vertically arranged mast body 210, a mast slide 211, a mast crane bracket 212, a crane telescopic bracket 213, and a pulley frame group 214. The mast body 210 serves as a mounting support component for the drill pipe and the power head and a guide component for its operation. The bottom of the mast body 210 is pivotally connected to the drilling rig base 10 through a pivot shaft, so that the mast body 210 can be fixed at a preset angle relative to the drilling rig base 10 to meet the drilling requirements of different positions and angles; the mast slide 211 is slidably arranged on the mast body 210, and under the action of the second driving mechanism 321, the mast slide 211 can slide up and down along the mast body 210. Preferably, the second driving mechanism 321 is a drilling lifting cylinder. One end of the mast crane bracket 212 is detachably connected to the mast body 210, and the other end is connected to the crane telescopic bracket 213. The crane telescopic bracket 213 has a telescopic arm for adjusting the overall height of the mast assembly 21; the pulley frame group 214 is used to change the movement direction of the winch wire rope. It is an important supporting component for lifting, lowering drill rods and lifting objects. It includes a fixed pulley 2140 and a movable pulley frame 2141. The fixed pulley 2140 is fixed near the top of the mast body 210. A wire rope can be connected to the drill rod after passing through the fixed pulley 2140 for auxiliary traction.

[0058] The movable pulley frame 2141 is a foldable structure, which is arranged at the top of the telescopic bracket 213 of the overhead traveling crane, so as to ensure that the wire rope can achieve the maximum lifting stroke, and the foldable pulley frame is hingedly connected to the mast body during transportation, so as to reduce the height of the whole machine during transportation. Exemplarily, the movable pulley frame 2141 includes a movable pulley frame body, a pair of movable pulleys and a pair of tensioning wheels, one end of the traction wire rope is connected to the drum, and the other end passes through the movable pulley and the tensioning wheel, and then passes through the shaft hole of the driving main shaft 310 to connect with the drill pipe or the coring mechanism.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the luffing mechanism 22 may include a landing bracket 220, a first auxiliary bracket 221 and a second auxiliary bracket 222. The landing bracket 220 is a rigid bracket, including a first end and a second end. The first end of the landing bracket is hingedly fixed to the drilling rig base 10, and the other end is a free end, which can be selectively connected and fixed to the mast body 210 at different inclination angles. For example, when the mast body 210 is in a 90° vertical direction, the free end may be not connected to the mast body 210, such as Figure 1As shown, the first auxiliary bracket 221 and the second auxiliary bracket 222 are both retractable multi-section brackets, that is, the lengths of the first auxiliary bracket 221 and the second auxiliary bracket 222 are adjustable, and when they are in the locked position, they have a certain rigidity and strength. One end of the auxiliary bracket 221, 222 is respectively hinged and fixed to the frame base 10, and the other end can be respectively hinged and fixed to the mast body 210 and the mast crane bracket 212, so that the amplitude change mechanism 22 can keep the mast assembly 21 at different preset positions, and can flexibly adjust the working amplitude of the mast assembly 21 or the height of the whole machine in the transport state, so as to ensure the stability of the overall structure of the drilling rig.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the hoisting winch 23 includes a winch support, a drum, a hydraulic reduction mechanism and a traction wire rope, and the winch support is fixed on the drilling rig base 10. There may be two wire ropes, one of which is used for pressurization and the other is used for lifting. The pressurization wire rope is connected to the drill rod through a fixed pulley fixed on the mast body 210. The two wire ropes are oppositely wound on the drum, and the drum is placed on the winch support. The hydraulic reduction mechanism is used for driving and controlling the lowering of the drill rod and lifting the drill rod or the core. For example, when pressurizing, the hydraulic reduction mechanism controls the drum to release the pressurization wire rope so that the winch is in a floating state, so that the driving mechanism can be operated to pressurize the drill rod so that the drill rod can be drilled smoothly; when lifting, the drum is controlled to tighten the lifting wire rope, and the drill rod is lifted upward after passing through the movable pulley group.

[0061] The power head assembly 30 is used for rotary drilling of the drill pipe, and includes a power head 31 and a driving mechanism 32, wherein the driving mechanism 32 can at least realize the translation of the power head 31 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe. The power head 31, as the most important working part of the drilling rig, is movably arranged on the mast assembly 210, and at least includes a driving spindle 310, which is a hollow core shaft with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drill pipe, and the hollow core shaft 310 is at least configured for torque transmission, axial feeding and / or coring of the drill pipe.

[0062] Further, the driving mechanism 32 of the present disclosure includes a first driving mechanism 320, a second driving mechanism 321, a third driving mechanism 322 and a sliding frame 323. The power head 31 is arranged on the sliding frame 323, and the third driving mechanism 322 is configured to drive the power head 31 to perform restrictive translation in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe, so that the power head 31 can freely switch between the first position and the second position.

[0063] For example, when in the first position, the power head 31 of the engineering survey drill rig is in the first working position for drilling; when in the second position, the power head 31 leaves the first working position. For example, at this time, if a standard penetration head is provided on the sliding frame 323, the standard penetration head is located in the first working position and can be used for standard penetration measurement, thereby achieving the purpose of engineering survey coring, drilling rig and engineering survey standard penetration measurement all-in-one machine, without disassembling the power head or replacing the drilling rig, greatly improving work efficiency.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sliding frame 323 includes a rectangular lower sliding plate 3230, a rectangular upper sliding plate 3231, a first sliding assembly 3232 and a second sliding assembly 3233. The rectangular upper sliding plate 3231 and the rectangular lower sliding plate 3230 are stacked and opposed to each other, and are connected by a first slide rail 3232. The first slide rail 3232 includes a first slide groove and a first slideway. Preferably, in order to ensure the stability of sliding, the first slide groove is set to two, which are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower edges of the bottom surface of the rectangular upper slide plate 3231 along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe, and the first slideway is also two, which are set at the top surface of the rectangular lower slide plate 3230 at a position corresponding to the first slide groove; the power head 31 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the rectangular upper slide plate 3231.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third driving mechanism 322 is arranged in the accommodation space formed by the rectangular lower sliding plate 3230, the rectangular upper sliding plate 3231 and the first sliding assembly 3232, and is used to drive the rectangular upper sliding plate 3231 to move relative to the lower sliding plate 3230; the second sliding assembly 3233 at least includes a sliding fixing plate, which is fixed above the rectangular lower sliding plate 3230, and the bottom surface of the sliding fixing plate is provided with a card slot in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe, which is used to be connected with the mast slide 211 by card engagement. Exemplarily, the third driving mechanism 322 is a hydraulic cylinder.

[0066] The second driving mechanism 321 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mast body 210 along the axial direction of the drill pipe, and includes a first drilling and lifting cylinder 3210 and a second drilling and lifting cylinder 3211. The piston rods of the first and second drilling and lifting cylinders 3210 and 3211 are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rectangular lower slide plate 3230, which are used to propel or lift the power head.

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to the hollow mandrel 310, the power head 31 of the present disclosure also includes a reduction box 311, a gear transmission mechanism and a bearing group (not shown in the figure). After the high-speed rotation of the first driving mechanism 310 (for example, it can be a hydraulic piston motor, which can provide greater torque than the gear motor commonly used in the drilling rig industry) is decelerated by the reduction box 311, the power is input to the gear transmission mechanism to form the last stage of deceleration, and the greater torque is transmitted to the hollow mandrel 310, and the hollow mandrel 310 is driven to rotate and drive the drill rod to rotate, realizing the rotary motion of the drilling rig.

[0068] The reduction box 311 at least includes a first drive shaft, a coupling, a first bearing, a drive gear and a reduction box housing that are eccentrically arranged with the hollow core shaft 310. The first drive shaft is connected to the first drive mechanism through the coupling, the drive gear is connected to the first drive shaft through the coupling, the first bearing, the first drive shaft and the drive gear are arranged on one side of the accommodation space formed by the reduction box housing, and the hollow core shaft 310 passes through the reduction box housing and is arranged on the other side of the accommodation space.

[0069] The gear transmission mechanism includes a driven gear surrounding the outer wall of the hollow core shaft, and the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear at a predetermined reduction ratio, wherein the reduction ratio is preferably 1:2, so that the torque of the power head can be doubled, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and accelerating the construction progress.

[0070] The bearing group includes a second bearing and a third bearing. The second bearing is fixed above the driven gear through the second bearing seat along the axial direction of the hollow core shaft 310, and the third bearing is arranged at the first mounting position formed between the bottom of the reduction gear housing and the hollow core shaft. Exemplarily, the second bearing can be two sets of tapered roller bearings, and the second bearing seat is a tapered roller bearing seat; the third bearing can be a set of cylindrical roller bearings. The above-mentioned power head disclosed in the present invention has the advantages of high overload capacity, compact structure, low noise, long life, etc.

[0071] In addition, a bearing seat end cover, a wear-resistant sleeve and a core end cover are also provided near one end of the hollow core shaft 310 in the drilling direction away from the drill pipe. The second bearing seat is fixed to the outer wall of the hollow core shaft through the bearing seat end cover, and the wear-resistant sleeve is provided between the bearing seat end cover and the hollow core shaft; the core end cover is provided at the top of the hollow core shaft and is detachably connected. This structure can keep the power head rotating stably and coaxially, while extending its service life.

[0072] Furthermore, the hollow core shaft 310 extends downwardly from the bottom surface of the reduction gearbox housing in the drilling direction of the drill rod, and the first clamp 41 is disposed at the extended end of the hollow core shaft 310 , and a sealed bottom cover is also disposed between the reduction gearbox housing and the first clamp 41 .

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the clamping mechanism 40 is configured to perform center positioning and clamping on the drill rod, and includes at least a first clamper 41 and a second clamper 42 axially spaced apart from the first clamper 41 along the same center positioning line.

[0074] The first clamp 41 is disposed at the bottom of the power head 31, and the second clamp 42 is fixed to one end of the bottom of the mast assembly 21. Exemplarily, the first clamp 41 is a self-clamping clamping mechanism, including a clamping cylinder sleeve (not shown in the figure), a clamping piston 410, a clamping cylinder 411, a clamping ring, a clamping plate, a pressure plate, a slip, a compression spring, a compression spring cover, a slip seat, a power head end cover 412 and a shaft cover 413.

[0075] The clamping cylinder sleeve, clamping piston 410 and clamping cylinder barrel 411 are arranged in sequence from inside to outside along the radial direction of the hollow core shaft 310, the clamping piston 410 is sealedly connected to the clamping cylinder sleeve and the clamping cylinder barrel 411, and the clamping ring, clamping plate and pressure plate are arranged in sequence in a stacked manner along the axial direction of the hollow core shaft 310.

[0076] Among them, the clamping ring is an annular gasket, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow core shaft 310. The clamping plate is arranged at the lower part of the clamping ring and is clamped in the positioning groove formed on the outer wall of the hollow core shaft 310. The pressure plate is located at the lower part of the clamping plate and is slidably connected with the slip.

[0077] The cava is composed of a cava body with a multi-petal structure. The cava body is arranged on a second mounting position formed near the bottom of the hollow core shaft 310 and encloses a clamping space. Anti-slip portions are distributed on the inner wall surface of the cava body, and a wedge-shaped structure is formed on the outer wall surface; a wedge-shaped portion corresponding to the wedge-shaped structure of the cava body is formed on the side of the cava seat that contacts the cava.

[0078] The compression spring is arranged in a variable accommodation space formed between the compression spring cover and the end cover of the power head; in the working state, the slip is arranged to be retracted toward the axial direction of the hollow core shaft to provide a preset clamping force.

[0079] When the drill rod needs to be clamped, the drill rod clamping reversing valve handle of the operating table 50 is operated to pull it outwards. At this time, the hydraulic oil will be automatically injected into the piston of the power head, so that the piston of the power head moves downward, thereby driving the slip seat to move downward, and pushing the power head compression spring to move downward. Since the outer wall surface of the slip seat has a wedge-shaped portion, for example, a cone angle of about 11.3° is formed, the slip will gradually shrink inward when it moves downward, so the drill rod is clamped; on the contrary, when the drill rod is loosened, the drill rod clamping reversing valve handle is pushed inward on the operating table 50, that is, the hydraulic oil is turned off, and the drill rod is loosened under the reset action of the power head compression spring. Its advantage is that the slips of the power head are always clamped as long as it is in the drilling state, and they are also clamped under the reset action of the power head compression spring in any other state, which will not cause the drill to run away due to operating errors.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second clamp 42 includes a fixing seat 420, a clamp body 421, a clamping cylinder 422, a guide sleeve 423, and a chuck body 424. The second clamp 42 can be used for center positioning, auxiliary clamping, and early warning clamping of the drill rod.

[0081] Among them, the clamp body 421 is fixedly installed on the fixing seat 420, the fixing seat 420 is detachably fixed to the lower end of the mast body 210, the guide sleeve 423 is relatively arranged inside the clamp body 421, the clamping cylinder 422 includes a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder, the guide sleeve 423 includes a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve, the chuck body 424 includes a first chuck body and a second chuck body, the first chuck body is fixedly connected to the first clamping cylinder through the first guide sleeve, and the second chuck body is fixedly connected to the second clamping cylinder through the second guide sleeve. On the one hand, the second clamper 42 of the present invention can keep the central axis coincident with the first clamper 41, so that the drill rod passing through the hollow core shaft 310 can be centrally positioned by the second clamper 42 to ensure accurate anchoring and prevent the drill rod from deviating. On the other hand, when the drill rod needs to be replaced or lengthened, the first clamper 41 is often required to loosen the drill rod. Therefore, in order to prevent the drill rod from loosening and falling off through the first clamper 41, the second clamper 42 can be controlled to perform auxiliary clamping on the drill rod to facilitate the replacement or lengthening of the drill rod. In addition, the second clamper 42 can also be connected to the electrical signal of the early warning system of the operating table 50. For example, when the first clamper 41 fails and causes the drill rod to loosen and fall from the power head 31, the sensor triggers an early warning signal. The second clamper 42 can respond to the early warning signal and control the chuck body 424 to automatically close to achieve early warning clamping of the fallen drill rod to avoid dangers caused by accidents.

[0082] The operating table 50 includes an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system and a mechanical control system. For example, the operating table may include an instrument panel, a display screen, a pressure regulating and speed regulating valve knob and various operating handles. The electrical control system of the operating table is mainly responsible for controlling various parameters during the operation of the drilling rig, and is equipped with various detection equipment and sensors, which can monitor and protect the working state parameters, such as monitoring the driving spindle power, translation positioning calibration and safety protection. In addition, it can also automatically detect and fine-tune the verticality of the drill rod, and can preset and monitor the drilling depth. The hydraulic control system is responsible for driving and controlling the lifting and drilling, rotation and other movements of the power head, including the oil tank, pump group, hydraulic valve, pipeline, connecting rod, oil cylinder, etc. The mechanical control system is responsible for controlling the drilling rig body control, including control elements such as operating handles, connecting rod mechanisms and buttons. The drilling rig disclosed in the present invention adopts pilot control and load sensing in the whole machine control to maximize the convenience, sensitivity and safety and comfort of operation, and fully realize the integration of man, machine, hydraulic and electricity.

[0083] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the operating handle is electrically, hydraulically or mechanically connected to the lifting system 20, the power head assembly 30 and the clamping mechanism 40 to achieve precise control of the drilling rig. The operating state of the drilling rig is adjusted according to the operating handle to meet the drilling requirements. The operating handle of the present disclosure may include a drill pipe clamping reversing valve operating handle, a power head translation reversing valve operating handle, a power head reversing valve operating handle, a drilling and lifting cylinder reversing valve operating handle and a hoisting winch reversing valve operating handle.

[0084] According to another embodiment provided by the present disclosure, a drilling and coring method is provided, wherein the portable exploration drilling rig described in the above embodiment is used in the method, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0085] Before drilling, the drill rod can be accurately positioned through the free travel mechanism, mast assembly and luffing mechanism of the drilling rig;

[0086] During drilling, the mast assembly is used to guide the drill rod to be lowered, and the hoisting winch is controlled to release the wire rope so that the drill rod passes through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft and is clamped and fixed. At the same time, the power head assembly provides torque to drive the drill rod to rotate and pressurize downward to drill into the target layer at a predetermined depth;

[0087] When coring, the salvage is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the lifting winch is controlled to release the wire rope, so that the salvage passes through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft and descends to the core barrel in the target layer. The lifting winch is controlled to tighten the wire rope, and the salvage takes out the core barrel through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft to complete the coring.

[0088] According to the engineering exploration drilling rig disclosed in the present invention, the torque of the power head is increased by an integrated gear reduction box structure, while the power head assembly structure is made more compact; the translation function of the power head is realized by hydraulic automatic drive, which makes it unnecessary to disassemble the power head or replace the drilling rig when using a drilling rig to perform engineering exploration surface drilling and coring and then perform engineering exploration standard penetration hammer test, thereby greatly improving the drilling efficiency and construction progress, and greatly reducing the labor intensity of operators; the self-clamping mechanism completely eliminates the situation of drill running due to operating errors; the hollow structure design of the power head drive shaft facilitates the coring work, reduces the labor intensity of operators, and improves work efficiency.

[0089] The description of the embodiments herein and any reference to directions and orientations are only for the convenience of description and are not to be construed as any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. The description of the preferred embodiments may involve combinations of features, which may exist independently or in combination, and the present invention is not particularly limited to the preferred embodiments. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.

[0090] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable exploration drilling rig for core drilling, characterized in that: include: Drilling rig base; A lifting system, arranged on the drilling rig base, is used for lifting and lowering the drill pipe or lifting the core, and includes a mast assembly, a luffing mechanism and a lifting winch; A power head assembly, used for rotary drilling of a drill rod, comprising a power head and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism can at least realize translation of the power head in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod; A clamping mechanism, configured to perform center positioning and clamping on the drill pipe, comprising at least a first clamp and a second clamp axially spaced from the first clamp along the same center positioning line; wherein the first clamp is disposed near the bottom of the power head, and the second clamp is fixed to one end of the bottom of the mast assembly; Operating console, including electrical control system, hydraulic control system and mechanical control system; Wherein, the power head is movably arranged on the mast assembly, and at least comprises a driving spindle, wherein the driving spindle is a hollow core shaft having an inner diameter greater than an outer diameter of the drill pipe, and the hollow core shaft is at least configured for torque transmission, axial feeding and / or coring of the drill pipe; The driving mechanism includes a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, a third driving mechanism and a sliding frame, wherein the power head is arranged on the sliding frame, and the third driving mechanism is configured to drive the power head to perform restrictive translation in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe, so that the power head can switch freely between the first position and the second position.

2. The portable drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The mast assembly comprises a mast body, a mast slide, a mast crane bracket, a crane telescopic bracket, and a pulley frame group; wherein the mast body is pivotally connected to the drilling rig base, the mast slide is arranged on the mast body, and slides up and down along the mast body under the action of the second driving mechanism, preferably, the second driving mechanism is a drilling and lifting cylinder; one end of the mast crane bracket is connected to the mast body, and the other end is connected to the crane telescopic bracket, the crane telescopic bracket is used to adjust the overall height of the mast assembly, the pulley frame group comprises a fixed pulley and a movable pulley frame, the fixed pulley is fixed near the top of the mast body, and the movable pulley frame is foldable and arranged at the top of the crane telescopic bracket; The luffing mechanism comprises a landing bracket, a first auxiliary bracket and a second auxiliary bracket, wherein the landing bracket comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is hinged to the drilling rig base, and the other end is a free end, which can be selectively connected to the mast body at different inclination angles, the first auxiliary bracket and the second auxiliary bracket are both retractable multi-section brackets, one end of the first and second auxiliary brackets is hinged to the frame base, and the other end is hinged to the mast body and the mast crane bracket respectively; The hoisting winch includes a winch support, a drum, a hydraulic reduction mechanism and a steel wire rope. The winch support is fixed on the drilling rig base. There are two steel wire ropes, one for pressurization and the other for lifting. The two steel wire ropes are wound around the drum opposite to each other. The drum is placed on the winch support. The hydraulic reduction mechanism is used for driving and controlling the lowering of the drill rod and the lifting of the drill rod or the core.

3. The portable drilling rig according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding frame includes a rectangular lower sliding plate, a rectangular upper sliding plate, a first sliding assembly and a second sliding assembly. The rectangular upper sliding plate and the rectangular lower sliding plate are stacked up and down and opposed to each other, and are connected by the first sliding rail, wherein the first sliding rail includes a first sliding groove and a first slideway, the first sliding grooves are two, and are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower edges of the bottom surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod, and the first slideways are two, which are arranged on the top surface of the rectangular lower sliding plate and at positions corresponding to the first sliding grooves; the power head is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate.

4. The portable drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third driving mechanism is arranged in the accommodation space formed by the rectangular sliding plate, the rectangular upper sliding plate and the first sliding assembly, and is used to drive the rectangular upper sliding plate to move relative to the lower sliding plate; The second sliding assembly at least includes a sliding fixing plate fixed on the upper side of the rectangular sliding plate, and a slot is provided on the bottom surface of the sliding fixing plate in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe for being connected with the mast slide by snapping; The second driving mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mast body along the axial direction of the drill pipe, and includes a first drilling and lifting cylinder and a second drilling and lifting cylinder. The piston rods of the first and second drilling and lifting cylinders are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rectangular lower slide plate, and are used to propel or lift the power head.

5. The portable drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power head also includes a reduction box, a gear transmission mechanism and a bearing group; wherein, The reduction box includes a first drive shaft, a coupling, a first bearing, a drive gear and a reduction box housing which are eccentrically arranged with the hollow core shaft. The first drive shaft is transmission-connected with the first drive mechanism through the coupling, and the drive gear is transmission-connected with the first drive shaft. The first bearing, the first drive shaft and the drive gear are arranged on one side of the accommodation space formed by the reduction box housing, and the hollow core shaft passes through the reduction box housing and is arranged on the other side of the accommodation space. The gear transmission mechanism comprises a driven gear surrounding the outer wall of the hollow core shaft, wherein the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear at a predetermined reduction ratio, wherein the reduction ratio is preferably 1:2; The bearing group includes a second bearing and a third bearing, wherein the second bearing is fixed above the driven gear along the axial direction of the hollow core shaft through a second bearing seat, and the third bearing is arranged at a first mounting position formed between the bottom of the reduction gear housing and the hollow core shaft.

6. The portable drilling rig according to claim 5, characterized in that: A bearing seat end cover, a wear-resistant sleeve and a coring end cover are arranged near one end of the hollow core shaft in the drilling direction away from the drill pipe; wherein the second bearing seat is fixed to the outer wall surface of the hollow core shaft through the bearing seat end cover, and the wear-resistant sleeve is arranged between the bearing seat end cover and the hollow core shaft; the coring end cover is arranged on the top of the hollow core shaft and is detachably connected; and, The hollow core shaft extends downwardly from the bottom surface of the reduction box housing toward the drilling direction of the drill rod, and the first clamp is arranged at the extended end of the hollow core shaft, and a sealing bottom cover is also arranged between the reduction box housing and the first clamp.

7. The portable drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clamp is a self-clamping clamping mechanism, including a clamping cylinder sleeve, a clamping piston, a clamping cylinder, a clamping ring, a clamping plate, a pressure plate, a slip, a compression spring, a compression spring cover, a slip seat, a power head end cover and a shaft cover; wherein, The clamping cylinder sleeve, the clamping piston and the clamping cylinder are arranged in sequence from inside to outside along the radial direction of the hollow core shaft, the clamping piston is sealedly connected with the clamping cylinder sleeve and the clamping cylinder, and the clamping ring, the clamping plate and the pressure plate are stacked in sequence along the axial direction of the hollow core shaft; wherein the clamping ring is an annular gasket, which is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the hollow core shaft, the clamping plate is arranged at the lower part of the clamping ring and is clamped in a positioning groove formed on the outer wall surface of the hollow core shaft, and the pressure plate is located at the lower part of the clamping plate and is slidably connected between the slips; The slip is composed of a slip body with a multi-petal structure, the slip body is arranged on a second mounting position formed near the bottom of the hollow core shaft and encloses a clamping space, an anti-slip portion is distributed on the inner wall surface of the slip body, and a wedge-shaped structure is formed on the outer wall surface; a wedge-shaped portion corresponding to the wedge-shaped structure of the slip body is formed on a side of the slip seat that contacts the slip; The compression spring is arranged in a variable accommodation space formed between the compression spring cover and the power head end cover; in a working state, the slip is arranged to be retracted toward the axial direction of the hollow core shaft to provide a preset clamping force.

8. The portable drilling rig according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second clamp includes a fixed seat, a clamp body, a clamping cylinder, a guide sleeve, and a chuck body; wherein, The clamp body is fixedly mounted on the fixing seat, and the fixing seat is detachably fixed to the lower end of the mast body. The guide sleeve is relatively arranged inside the clamp body. The clamping cylinder includes a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder. The guide sleeve includes a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The chuck body includes a first chuck body and a second chuck body. The first chuck body is fixedly connected to the first clamping cylinder via a first guide sleeve, and the second chuck body is fixedly connected to the second clamping cylinder via a second guide sleeve.

9. The portable drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating console includes an instrument panel, a display screen, a pressure and speed regulating valve knob and an operating handle. The operating handle is electrically, hydraulically or mechanically controlled to be connected to the lifting system, the power head assembly and the clamping mechanism; wherein the operating handle includes at least a drill pipe clamping reversing valve operating handle, a power head translation reversing valve operating handle, a power head reversing valve operating handle, a drilling and lifting cylinder reversing valve operating handle and a lifting winch reversing valve operating handle.

10. A coring method, characterized in that: Use the portable drilling rig as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: During drilling, the mast assembly is used to guide the drill rod to be lowered, and the hoisting winch is controlled to release the wire rope so that the drill rod passes through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft and is clamped and fixed. At the same time, the power head assembly provides torque to drive the drill rod to rotate and pressurize downward to drill into the target layer at a predetermined depth; When coring, the salvage device is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the hoisting winch is controlled to release the wire rope, so that the salvage device passes through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft and descends to the core barrel in the target layer. The hoisting winch is controlled to tighten the wire rope, and the salvage device takes out the core barrel through the axial hole of the hollow core shaft to complete the coring.

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