The invention relates to a multifunctional physical simulation test system for coal engineering. The system comprises a test chamber, a model forming subsystem, a hydraulic loading control subsystem, a test subsystem and a gas pumping and injecting subsystem, wherein the test chamber comprises a loading frame and a counterforce cover detachably connected to one end of the loading frame; the loading frame and the counterforce cover are coaxially mounted on a base; a guide rail is arranged on the base in an axial direction of the loading frame; and support seats capable of sliding along the guide rail are mounted on the guide rail and are mounted at bottoms of the loading frame and the counterforce cover respectively; a track conveying subsystem for conveying models is detachably connected between the model forming subsystem and the test chamber. The invention further provides a coal model test method. According to the multifunctional physical simulation test system for coal engineering and the coal model test method, operation such as drilling, joint forming, fracturing, coal and gas outburst, excavation and support of underground construction and the like under actions of crustal stress, gas pressure and comprehensive multiple factors can be simulated, and an experimental verification means is provided for coal and gas outburst related occurrence mechanism, prediction and control.