Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method

Abstract

A macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method belongs to the technical field of shrimp breeding, and comprises the following steps: selection of parent shrimps: selecting a macrobrachium rosenbergii pseudo-female population introduced from Thailand as female shrimps, and stocking in a breeding pond A; screening domestic male groups which are robust in physique and are not carried by viruses, and stocking the male groups in the breeding pond B; thailand pseudo female shrimps and domestic male shrimps are subjected to cross breeding, and the domestic male shrimps (South Taihu No.3) are subjected to cross breeding with the Thailand pseudo female shrimps by virtue of relatively high low temperature resistance, so that the low temperature resistance of hybrid offspring is improved, and the current breeding situation of Thailand Macrobrachium macrobrachium offspring seeds in China is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of shrimp breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Background Art

[0002] Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as "Malaysian prawn" and "freshwater long-arm prawn", belongs to the class Crustacea, order Decapoda, family Palaemonidae, genus Macrobrachium. It is a large freshwater shrimp native to the Indo-Pacific region. Under natural conditions, it is mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia. It can live in various types of freshwater or brackish waters and is one of the important freshwater aquaculture species in the world.

[0003] From 1961 to 1962, Chinese biologist Lin Shaowen successfully completed the artificial propagation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii at the Malaysian Fisheries Research Institute, laying the foundation for the future development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture and opening up a successful path for the aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from wild to domesticated. Since then, the aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii has attracted the attention of various countries, especially Southeast Asian countries. The United States introduced the species in 1965 and successfully tested it in Hawaii. Japan successfully introduced the species in 1967. By 1996, more than 20 countries around the world had introduced Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In 1992, the total production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the world reached 31.235 tons, of which Asia accounted for 92% of the world's production, and the rest was mainly produced in North America, Central America and South America.

[0004] my country has introduced Macrobrachium rosenbergii for nearly 30 years. The quality of seedlings has declined, the growth rate has slowed down, and some female shrimps of 6-7cm or even less than 5cm have begun to carry eggs and show precocious sexual maturity. Since 2000, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Guangxi have carried out germplasm improvement, but due to long-term inbreeding, inbreeding between small groups and repeated generations of breeding, as well as the lack of a systematic system for maintaining and breeding good varieties, the germplasm of Macrobrachium rosenbergii has seriously degenerated.

[0005] In a prior art breeding method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with publication number CN103749362B, in order to solve the problems of poor physique, slow growth, susceptibility to disease, etc., especially the prominent disease problem during the breeding process of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the technical solution is through the following three steps:

[0006] The first step is the selection of local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parents: first, select SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings that can grow under harsh conditions, have a high survival rate and strong disease resistance; second, cultivate the selected local Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings under harsh conditions, raise the male and female parents in separate ponds, and cultivate for more than three generations, and finally select the best ones;

[0007] The second step is the gynogenesis of the excellent parents of local Macrobrachium rosenbergii: use more than one radiation source, alternately irradiate, so that the paternal sperm loses its activity, does not participate in genetic material, and only plays a role in activating eggs. After the eggs activated by the inactive sperm undergo cell division, the cold shock method is used to induce the haploid chromosome to double and become diploid; the cold shock temperature is 0.3℃~0.9℃;

[0008] The third step is to introduce distant Macrobrachium rosenbergii and hybridize it with the offspring of local Macrobrachium rosenbergii with gynogenetic development: introduce distant Israeli Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the characteristics of fast growth, high feed efficiency, large size and high yield, and hybridize them with the offspring of local Macrobrachium rosenbergii with gynogenetic development to cultivate a first generation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with hybrid advantage.

[0009] The inventor believes that the existing technology uses radiation on the female nucleus of local Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The variables that occur in the female nucleus during the radiation process are uncontrollable, and there is no guarantee that the radiation source only makes excellent improvements to the reproductive parts; and the number of hybrids in the third step needs to be screened and cultivated for several generations, which takes too long. In addition, the seed shrimp imported from Thailand are precocious virus carriers and cannot be solved in the short term. There may be a risk of being unable to import due to virus carriers in the future, and the cost of importing seed shrimp from Thailand is too high. In addition, the applicant's own seed shrimp have problems such as intolerance to low temperatures and intolerance to ammonia nitrogen and salts. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a method for hybrid breeding between Thai pseudo-female shrimp and domestic male shrimp, and to utilize the strong low-temperature resistance of domestic male shrimp (Nan Taihu No. 3) to hybridize with Thai pseudo-female shrimp, so as to improve the low-temperature resistance of hybrid offspring and improve the current breeding status of Thai swamp shrimp seedlings in my country.

[0011] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the following technical solutions are now provided:

[0012] A method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the method comprising the following steps:

[0013] 1) Selection of broodstock: Female shrimps are selected from pseudo-female groups of Macrobrachium rosenbergii imported from Thailand and are stocked in breeding pond A; male shrimps are selected from domestic male groups with strong physique and no virus carriers and are stocked in breeding pond B;

[0014] 2) Cultivation: The broodstock in the cultivation pond A and the cultivation pond B are raised to be strong and healthy, and they can overwinter in a good growth state;

[0015] 3) Spawning: the pseudo-female broodstock in the culture pond A in step 2) and the male broodstock in the culture pond B are put into the culture pond C at a ratio of 1.8:1-1.6:1. The water temperature of the culture pond C is 28℃-32℃, and aeration and oxygenation are continuously provided. When the color of the shrimp eggs changes from orange-yellow to gray-white, salt is added to the culture pond C to make it a 12‰ saltwater pool, and the water temperature in the culture pond C is increased by 1℃-2℃, while keeping the environment of the culture pond C and its surroundings quiet.

[0016] 4) Hatching: Place the broodstock with eggs in the breeding pond C in step 3) into the indoor breeding pond D. After all the larvae are hatched, place the broodstock back into the breeding pond A.

[0017] In this technical solution, the female shrimp selected are the pseudo-female population of Macrobrachium rosenbergii introduced from Thailand. The Thai Macrobrachium has the advantages of being all-male, fast growing and highly disease-resistant. Moreover, in this technical solution, the inventor is the pseudo-female population of Macrobrachium rosenbergii introduced by the Charoen Pokphand Group of Thailand, because the pseudo-female population of Macrobrachium rosenbergii of Thailand is a high-quality population that has been developed and cultivated by the Charoen Pokphand Group for more than ten years.

[0018] In an practicable manner, the parameters of the broodstock of the pseudo-female population are: body length of 10.0 cm to 16.5 cm, body weight of 15 g to 65.0 g, and a weight / total length ratio of 1.40 to 4.00.

[0019] In an practicable manner, the parameters of the broodstock of the male population are: body length of 10.0 cm to 18.5 cm, body weight of 16.0 g to 95.0 g, and a weight / total length ratio of 1.50 to 5.50.

[0020] In an practicable manner, the cultivation pond A used for breeding the pseudo-female group of broodstock is an open-air rectangular pond with an area of ​​95m2-98m2, a water depth of 1.20m-1.45m, and a water temperature maintained at 27°C-30°C; the pond body adopts cement side walls, and licorice and bioflocs are laid on the bottom.

[0021] In an practicable manner, before the pseudo-female group of broodstock are placed for breeding, the water in the breeding pond A is disinfected with quicklime or strong chlorine; the density of the broodstock placed is 11 to 13 broodstock per square meter.

[0022] In an practicable manner, the cultivation pool A is oxygenated by an air machine, and new water is injected or the pool water is replaced on sunny days when the ambient temperature is relatively high.

[0023] In an practicable manner, during the breeding process, granular bait is fed into the culture pond A; the weight of the bait is 6.5% to 8.5% of the weight of the broodstock.

[0024] In an practicable manner, the breeding pond B used for breeding the broodstock of the male group is an open-air rectangular pond with an area of ​​95m2-98m2, a water depth of 1.20m-1.45m, and a water temperature maintained at 22℃-25℃; the pond body adopts cement side walls, and licorice and bioflocs are laid on the bottom.

[0025] The above-mentioned bioflocs can effectively remove dinitrogen from the water in the aquaculture pond, and can also provide an excellent place for the growth and reproduction of various fungi through its own three microbial environments (aerobic, facultative anerobic and anaerobic), so that it can change the form of nitrogen in the water through the biological denitrification of nitrification and denitrification, and effectively purify the aquaculture water. In addition, bioflocs are rich in polysaccharides, which are closely related to immune regulation. Pharmacological studies have shown that polysaccharides have the effects of immune enhancement and regulation, antiviral, activation of the complement system and increase of host defense mechanisms. The application of bioflocs can not only maintain a relatively stable nursery water body and reduce the amount of water used for nursery, but also provide shrimp fry with richer nutrition while improving the immunity of shrimp fry. This method is helpful to ensure the survival rate of nursery and is more beneficial to downstream aquaculture.

[0026] In an practicable manner, during the spawning process in the culture pond C and the hatching process in the culture pond D, animal bait is fed into the culture ponds C and D, and the dirt and residual bait are sucked out in time.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. Improve the adaptability of Thai swamp shrimp to the domestic low temperature environment: produce offspring with hybrid advantages through distant hybridization, improve the growth performance and stress resistance of the offspring, enable them to grow normally within a lower temperature range, and cultivate new strains that are both adapted to the domestic breeding environment and have high-quality growth performance.

[0029] 2. Reduce the cost of the entire breeding process: The purchase cost of Thai male shrimp is 200-250 yuan per tail, while the purchase cost of domestic male shrimp is only 10-15 yuan per tail. Therefore, on the basis of not reducing the profit of seedlings, using domestic swamp shrimp as breeding father can greatly reduce the purchase cost of broodstock and improve the overall economic benefits.

[0030] 3. Optimized the breeding plan: By comparing the breeding effects of Thai female shrimps and domestic male shrimps, and domestic female shrimps and domestic male shrimps, analyzing the differences in the proportion of female shrimp eggs, the number of eggs, the hatching rate of larvae, the survival rate of seedlings, etc. under different parental combinations, collecting data, adjusting and optimizing the hybrid breeding plan, and creating greater economic benefits for the company. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiment, in this embodiment, hybrid breeding is required, which is a common method for germplasm development, and this method can quickly produce offspring with the characteristics of both parents. In this embodiment, Thai Macrobrachium ♀X and domestic Macrobrachium ♂ are used to cultivate an all-male Macrobrachium population. In this hybrid combination, Thai female shrimps are pseudo-female populations, male shrimps are domestic Macrobrachium that can adapt to low temperatures better, and domestic male shrimps are Nan Taihu No. 3.

[0032] Hybridization can produce new and improved strains of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Due to the genetic differences between the male and female populations, the separation of the traits of the hybrid offspring may cause some individuals to show faster growth, higher yields or stronger environmental adaptability. The germplasm of Macrobrachium rosenbergii can then be improved through generational selection. This hybridization method also helps to enhance the genetic diversity of the Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii population. Genetic diversity is an important aspect of biodiversity that helps species adapt to changing environments. By introducing new and different genotypes, the diversity of Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii can be increased, making them more adaptable to various environments.

[0033] The specific breeding method is: a Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0034] 1) Selection of broodstock: Female shrimps are selected from pseudo-female groups of Macrobrachium rosenbergii introduced from Thailand and are stocked in the culture pond A. The parameters of the female shrimp group are: body length of 10.0cm~16.5cm, weight of 15g~65.0g, and weight / total length ratio between 1.40~4.00.

[0035] Preferably, in this embodiment, 1,500 pseudo-female shrimps of the Thai swamp prawn "Zhengxiong No. 1" were introduced into the culture pond A at the end of June.

[0036] Male shrimps were selected from domestic male groups with strong physique and no virus carriers, and were stocked in breeding pond B. The parameters of the male broodstock were: body length of 10.0 cm~18.5 cm, weight of 16.0 g~95.0 g, and weight / total length ratio of 1.50~5.50.

[0037] Preferably, in this embodiment, about 6,600 male prawns of the domestic swamp shrimp "Nan Taihu No. 3" were introduced into the culture pond B at the end of June.

[0038] The cultivation pond A used for breeding the broodstock of pseudo-female groups is an open-air rectangular pool with an area of ​​95m2-98m2, a water depth of 1.20m-1.45m, and a water temperature of 27℃-30℃; the pond body adopts cement side walls, and licorice and biological flocs are laid on the bottom. Before the broodstock of pseudo-female groups are placed in the cultivation pond, the water in the cultivation pond A is disinfected with quicklime or strong chlorine; the density of the broodstock placed is 11 tails / square meter-13 tails / square meter.

[0039] The breeding pond B used for breeding male broodstock is an open-air rectangular pond with an area of ​​95m2-98m2, a water depth of 1.20m-1.45m, and a water temperature maintained at 22℃-25℃; the pond body adopts cement side walls, and licorice and biological flocs are laid on the bottom.

[0040] 2) Cultivation: The broodstock in the cultivation ponds A and B are raised to be strong and healthy, and they will overwinter in a good growth state.

[0041] During the breeding process, the breeding ponds A and B are oxygenated by air machines, and new water is injected or replaced on sunny days when the ambient temperature is high. During the breeding process, pellet feed is fed into the breeding ponds A and B; the weight of the feed is 6.5% to 8.5% of the weight of the broodstock.

[0042] After a winter of cultivation, step 3) is carried out between the end of March and the beginning of April of the following year.

[0043] 3) Spawning: the pseudo-female broodstock in the culture pond A of step 2) and the male broodstock in the culture pond B are put into the culture pond C at a ratio of 1.8:1-1.6:1. The water temperature of the culture pond C is 28°C-32°C and aeration is continuously provided. When the color of the shrimp eggs changes from orange-yellow to gray-white, salt is added to the culture pond C to make it a 12‰ salt water pool, and the water temperature in the culture pond C is increased by 1°C-2°C, while keeping the environment of the culture pond C and its surroundings quiet.

[0044] Specifically, the number of pseudo-female broodstock used for hybridization is 1200, and the number of male broodstock is 655. In this embodiment, 6 cultivation pools C are prepared, and the water temperature is maintained at 29°C. 180 pseudo-female broodstock and 100 male broodstock are placed in each cultivation pool C to ensure that the female-male ratio is 1.8:1. During the spawning process of the cultivation pool C, animal bait is fed into each cultivation pool C, and the dirt and residual bait are sucked out in time.

[0045] 4) Hatching: After about 10 days of hybridization, the broodstock with eggs in the cultivation pool C of step 3) are placed in the indoor cultivation pool D, and the broodstock are placed back in the cultivation pool A after all the larvae are hatched. Specifically, after hybridization, a total of 350 broodstock with eggs are selected from the 6 cultivation pools C and placed in the cultivation pool D for hatching and breeding. It takes 15 days for the eggs in the cultivation pool D to start hatching, and the hatching lasts for one month. During the hatching process of the cultivation pool D, animal bait is fed into the cultivation pool D, and the dirt and residual bait are sucked out in time.

[0046] In another embodiment, before stocking, the amount of 100 g / m 3Spray probiotic preparations (containing Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria). Monitor the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the culture water, prepare sucrose to maintain it at a reasonable level, and equip it with lights to improve overall growth efficiency.

[0047] In this embodiment, the experimental example is the Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii ♀X the domestic Macrobrachium rosenbergii ♂ (hybridization), and the comparative example 1 is the Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii ♀X the Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii ♂ (self-pollination). The relevant data of the cultivated Thai pseudo-female shrimp and Thai male shrimp are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0048] In the breeding pond A, 10 types of numbered Thai pseudo-female shrimps were cultured, and in the other breeding pond A', 10 types of numbered Thai male shrimps were cultured. In the breeding pond B, domestic male groups with strong physique and no virus carriers were cultured.

[0049] The larval emergence data of Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii♀X domestic Macrobrachium rosenbergii♂ (hybrid) in the culture pond D are shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0050] The larval emergence data of Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii♀X Thai Macrobrachium rosenbergii♂ (self-pollination) in the culture pond D are shown in Table 3: Table 3

[0051] It can be seen from the above table that the hybridization emergence rate is higher than the self-pollination emergence rate, and the samples in this embodiment are relatively small. Based on the existing data, the inventor has reason to believe that the difference in survival rate will be more obvious when there are enough samples. In this embodiment, the hybridization technical solution of this application increases the emergence rate by nearly 4 percentage points compared with the technical solution of the prior art. And after comparing the data detected by other methods, it is found that the stress survival rate of the hybrid seedlings reached 98%, which is higher than the stress survival rate of the self-pollination seedlings of 95%.

[0052] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0053] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this patent application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0054] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) Selection of broodstock: Female shrimps are selected from pseudo-female groups of Macrobrachium rosenbergii imported from Thailand and are stocked in breeding pond A; male shrimps are selected from domestic male groups with strong physique and no virus carriers and are stocked in breeding pond B; 2) Cultivation: The broodstock in the cultivation pond A and the cultivation pond B are raised to be strong and healthy, and they can overwinter in a good growth state; 3) Spawning: the pseudo-female broodstock in the culture pond A in step 2) and the male broodstock in the culture pond B are put into the culture pond C at a ratio of 1.8:1-1.6:

1. The water temperature of the culture pond C is 28℃-32℃, and aeration and oxygenation are continuously provided. When the color of the shrimp eggs changes from orange-yellow to gray-white, salt is added to the culture pond C to make it a 12‰ saltwater pool, and the water temperature in the culture pond C is increased by 1℃-2℃, while keeping the environment of the culture pond C and its surroundings quiet; 4) Hatching: Place the broodstock with eggs in the breeding pond C in step 3) into the indoor breeding pond D. After all the larvae are hatched, place the broodstock back into the breeding pond A.

2. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the broodstock of the pseudo-female group are: body length of 10.0 cm to 16.5 cm, body weight of 15 g to 65.0 g, and a weight / total length ratio of 1.40 to 4.

00.

3. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the broodstock of the male group are: body length of 10.0 cm to 18.5 cm, body weight of 16.0 g to 95.0 g, and a weight / total length ratio of 1.50 to 5.

50.

4. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 2, characterized in that: The culture pond A used for breeding the broodstock of the pseudo-female group is an open-air rectangular pond with an area of ​​95m 2 -98m 2 The water depth is 1.20m-1.45m, and the water temperature is maintained at 27℃-30℃; the pool body adopts cement side walls, and licorice and biofloc are laid on the bottom.

5. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before the pseudo-female group of broodstock are placed in the culture pond A, the water in the culture pond A is disinfected with quicklime or strong chlorine; the density of the broodstock is 11 to 13 per square meter.

6. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cultivation pool A is oxygenated by an air machine, and new water is injected or the pool water is replaced on sunny days when the ambient temperature is high.

7. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the breeding process, granular feed is fed into the breeding pond A; the weight of the feed is 6.5% to 8.5% of the weight of the broodstock.

8. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 3, characterized in that: The culture pond B used for breeding the male broodstock is an open-air rectangular pond with an area of ​​95m 2 -98m 2 The water depth is 1.20m-1.45m, and the water temperature is maintained at 22℃-25℃; the pool body adopts cement side walls, and licorice and biofloc are laid on the bottom.

9. The method for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the spawning process in the culture pond C and the hatching process in the culture pond D, animal bait is fed into the culture ponds C and D, and the dirt and residual bait are sucked out in time.

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