Efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting and seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting and seedling raising method, and relates to the technical field of plant planting. A conventional pumpkin variety is adopted as a rootstock, a conventional watermelon variety is adopted as a scion, rootstock seeds and scion seeds are subjected to seed soaking and disinfection treatment and then are subjected to germination acceleration, the seeds subjected to germination acceleration are sown in the middle of a hole tray, and rootstock seedlings and scion seedlings are obtained; grafting is started when one true leaf grows on the scion and two true leaves grow on the stock, grafting is conducted through an attaching grafting method, a healing agent is sprayed on a grafting section, the joint of the scion and the stock is clamped through a grafting clamp, and then seedbed management and transplanting are conducted. The grafting and seedling raising method has low requirements on stock and scion varieties, and is simple in later-period management, high in seedling survival rate and high in fruit quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, and in particular to an efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method. Background Art

[0002] Grafting is one of the artificial vegetative propagation methods of plants. It means grafting the branches or buds of one plant onto the stem or root of another plant so that the two parts grow into a complete plant. Grafting methods are divided into branch grafting and bud grafting. During grafting, the cambium of the scion and the rootstock should be closely combined to ensure the survival of the scion. The grafted branch or bud is called the scion, and the grafted plant body is called the rootstock or platform. After grafting, it becomes the upper part or top of the plant body, and the rootstock becomes the root system of the plant body after grafting. Watermelon grafting is a purposeful process in which people graft the buds or branches of watermelons onto rootstocks such as gourds or pumpkins with cotyledons, so that the watermelon has a better nutrient supply or root system; it becomes a grafted watermelon seedling. The tissue at the interface of the grafted watermelon seedling is relatively fragile. During the transplanting process, it is advisable to handle it with care to prevent the interface from breaking; the grafted seedlings are considered to be completed from sowing to transplanting.

[0003] Problems that may occur when watermelons are improperly grafted include death of watermelon seedlings, self-topping, decreased fruit quality, increased yellow-ribbon fruits, and hard fruit taste. Therefore, the present invention proposes an efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method to improve the grafting survival rate. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention proposes an efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method to solve the problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is pumpkin variety, and the scion is conventional watermelon variety;

[0008] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: Soak the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in soaking liquid, then sterilize the seeds; rinse them with clean water and germinate them until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm;

[0009] (3) Seeding and seedling raising: Sow the germinated seeds in the middle of a 50-hole tray, sow one seed in each hole, cover them with 1-2 cm of nutrient soil, and water them. The rootstock is sown 2-3 days earlier than the scion;

[0010] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting. Use the close grafting method, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp.

[0011] (5) Seedbed management after grafting: Cover the grafted seedbed with greenhouse film and then use shade net on top to seal the grafted seedlings within 2 to 3 days after grafting; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, lift the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 hours at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 hour at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 hours at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings. After 10 days, normal seedbed management can be started;

[0012] (6) Transplanting: After 5 to 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0013] Preferably, the pumpkin varieties in step (1) are selected from Hei Niu and Jing Xin Zhen No. 3.

[0014] Preferably, the soaking in step (2) is specifically as follows: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds are soaked in a soaking solution for 4 to 6 hours, and the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of (50 to 70):(5 to 8):(1 to 3).

[0015] Preferably, the disinfection in step (2) is specifically: soaking the seeds in either a 500-fold solution of carbendazim or a 2000-fold solution of dimethomorph for 30 to 90 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the germination in step (2) is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 36 to 48 hours.

[0017] Preferably, the nutrient soil in step (3) comprises desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of (0.5-2):(5-9):(20-30).

[0018] Preferably, the biogas residue contains 40% organic matter, 20% humic acid, 1.5% total nitrogen, 0.51% total phosphorus, and 0.95% total potassium.

[0019] Preferably, the specific steps of the grafting method are: using a blade to cut the rootstock from one side of the true leaf at 75 degrees, removing the growth point and the other true leaf, with the length of the incision being 7 to 10 mm; the scion is to cut the hypocotyl downward into a corresponding inclined surface at 5 mm below the true leaf of the watermelon seedling. Align the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion, place them close together, and fix them tightly with a grafting clamp.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the rootstock seedlings and scion seedlings are immersed and disinfected with 400 times dilution of carbendazim for 2 to 5 minutes before grafting.

[0021] Preferably, the amount of the healing agent sprayed on the grafted cut surface in step (4) is 0.5-1 mL / plant, and the healing agent comprises an extract of Clematis intricata Bunge (the whole herb of Clematis intricata Bunge, a plant of the genus Clematis in the family Ranunculaceae), tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide and anhydrous ethanol mixed in a mass ratio of (4-8):(1-3):(10-15).

[0022] Preferably, within 2 to 3 days after the grafting in step (5), the humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at above 90%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 to 30°C, and the nighttime temperature is 15 to 20°C.

[0023] Preferably, in step (5), after grafting, 800 times of Spring Thunder Copper solution is sprayed every 3 to 5 days, and the spraying amount is 5 to 10 mL / plant. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) The seed soaking solution of the present application includes three components: water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid. 3-Hydroxydecanoic acid is a type of hydroxy fatty acid and is often used as a fungicide. In the present application, by adding a suitable proportion of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, it can be used to promote seed germination, which is beneficial to improve the survival rate of seedlings and provide a new use for the development of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid; sodium carbonate provides an alkaline environment, which is used to kill pathogenic fungi on the surface of seeds, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and thus ensure the healthy growth of crops.

[0025] (2) The present application selects the age of the scion and rootstock seedlings, and ultimately determines the scion seedlings that have grown one true leaf and the rootstock seedlings that have grown two true leaves for grafting. The appropriate seedling age can ensure the growth and adaptability of the grafted seedlings after grafting, and increase the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.

[0026] (3) The healing agent includes an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzenesulfonate of biguanide and anhydrous ethanol. The main active ingredients in the extract of Herba Lycopodii include flavonoids, polypeptide protein fragments, naphthoquinones and alkaloids. Tri-octylbenzenesulfonate of biguanide is a broad-spectrum fungicide with strong local permeability. Its chemical structure includes octyl, benzenesulfonate and biguanide groups. The present application can promote the healing speed of grafted seedling wounds by carefully selecting and reasonably proportioning the healing agent ingredients. The healing time of grafted cut surfaces in the prior art is generally 7 to 10 days, while the healing time of grafted cut surfaces after using the healing agent of the present application is 5 days, which greatly accelerates the raising speed of watermelon seedlings.

[0027] (4) Nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil. Desulfurized gypsum is a byproduct of flue gas desulfurization in thermal power plants. Its main component is (CaSO4·2H2O), which accounts for 90% of desulfurized gypsum. Desulfurized gypsum contains a large amount of Ca and S that are beneficial to plant growth. Appropriate use of desulfurized gypsum can accelerate the growth of grafted seedlings and the accumulation of nutrients. Desulfurized gypsum, as an industrial solid waste, has a large output, a large accumulation area and is rich in nutrients. This application opens up new application paths for desulfurized gypsum.

[0028] (5) When the grafting seedling raising method of Examples 1 to 3 is used, the survival rate of the seedlings is above 96% and the healing time is 5 days. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is the grafting survival rate of different rootstocks;

[0030] Figure 2 It is the index of grafted seedlings of different rootstocks;

[0031] Figure 3 is the grafting survival rate of scion rootstocks at different seedling ages;

[0032] Figure 4 It is the grafting seedling index of scion rootstocks of different seedling ages;

[0033] Figure 5 This is the healing status of the sliced ​​interface 2 days after grafting;

[0034] Figure 6 This is the healing status of the sliced ​​interface 3 days after grafting;

[0035] Figure 7 This is the healing status of the sliced ​​interface 5 days after grafting;

[0036] Figure 8 For the determination of total sugar in watermelon fruit;

[0037] Fig. 9 For the determination of total acid in watermelon fruit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0042] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 4 hours, and then disinfecting the seeds; rinsing them with clean water and germinating them until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution includes water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 50:5:1; the disinfection is specifically: soaking the seeds in a 500-fold solution of carbendazim for 30 minutes; the germination is placing the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 36 hours;

[0043] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1 cm of nutrient soil, and wetting it with water. The rootstock is sown 2 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil comprises desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5:5:20;

[0044] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak and disinfect the rootstock seedling and scion seedling with 400 times dilution of carbendazim for 2 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent at 0.5 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent comprises a mixture of an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide, and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 4:1:10;

[0045] (5) Management of seedbed after grafting: Cover the grafted seedbed with greenhouse film and then use shade net on it. Within 2-3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the temperature at 25°C during the day and 15°C at night; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedbed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 3 days, with a spraying amount of 5 mL / plant;

[0046] (6) Transplanting: After 5 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0049] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0050] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 6 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 2000-fold dimethomorph solution for 90 minutes for disinfection; rinsing with clean water and germinating until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 70:8:3; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 48 hours;

[0051] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 2 cm of nutrient soil, and watering it. The rootstock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 2:9:30;

[0052] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock seedling and scion seedling in 400 times dilution of carbendazim for disinfection for 5 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent of 1 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent comprises a mixture of an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide, and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 8:3:15;

[0053] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, the grafted seedlings are sealed, the humidity in the greenhouse is maintained above 90%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 30°C, and the nighttime temperature is 20°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, lift the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 5 days, with a spraying amount of 10 mL / plant;

[0054] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0058] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 5 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 500-fold solution of carbendazim for 60 minutes for disinfection; rinsing with clean water and germinating until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 60:7:2; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 40 hours;

[0059] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1.5 cm of nutrient soil, and wetting it with water. The rootstock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8:25;

[0060] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock seedling and scion seedling in 400 times dilution of carbendazim for disinfection for 3 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent at 0.8 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent comprises a mixture of an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide, and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 5:2:13;

[0061] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the daytime temperature at 28°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 4 days, with a spraying amount of 8 mL / plant;

[0062] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the soaking liquid in step (2) is clean water, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0065] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0066] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0067] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soak the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in clean water for 5 hours, then soak the seeds in 500 times carbendazim solution for 60 minutes for disinfection; rinse with clean water and germinate until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 40 hours;

[0068] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1.5 cm of nutrient soil, and wetting it with water. The rootstock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8:25;

[0069] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock seedling and scion seedling in 400 times dilution of carbendazim for disinfection for 3 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent at 0.8 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent comprises a mixture of an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide, and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 5:2:13;

[0070] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the daytime temperature at 28°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 4 days, with a spraying amount of 8 mL / plant;

[0071] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the mass ratio of sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid in the soaking solution in step (2) is increased, and the other components and steps remain unchanged.

[0074] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0075] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0076] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 5 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 500-fold solution of carbendazim for 60 minutes for disinfection; rinsing with clean water and germinating until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 60:15:7; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 40 hours;

[0077] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1.5 cm of nutrient soil, and wetting it with water. The rootstock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8:25;

[0078] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock seedling and scion seedling in 400 times dilution of carbendazim for disinfection for 3 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent at 0.8 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent comprises a mixture of an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide, and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 5:2:13;

[0079] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the daytime temperature at 28°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 4 days, with a spraying amount of 8 mL / plant;

[0080] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the nutrient soil in step (3) is coconut husk and vermiculite, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0083] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0084] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0085] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 5 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 500-fold solution of carbendazim for 60 minutes for disinfection; rinsing with clean water and germinating until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 60:7:2; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 40 hours;

[0086] (3) sowing and seedling raising: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray, selecting a 50-hole plug tray, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1.5 cm of nutrient soil, and watering it with water. The stock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil is prepared by coconut husk and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 4:1;

[0087] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock seedling and scion seedling in 400 times dilution of carbendazim for disinfection for 3 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent at 0.8 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent comprises a mixture of an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide, and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 5:2:13;

[0088] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the daytime temperature at 28°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 4 days, with a spraying amount of 8 mL / plant;

[0089] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0090] Comparative Example 4

[0091] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no healing agent is used in step (4), and the other components and steps remain unchanged.

[0092] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0093] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0094] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 5 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 500-fold solution of carbendazim for 60 minutes for disinfection; rinsing with clean water and germinating until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 60:7:2; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 40 hours;

[0095] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1.5 cm of nutrient soil, and wetting it with water. The rootstock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8:25;

[0096] (4) Grafting: Select scion seedlings with one true leaf and rootstock with two true leaves for grafting. Use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock and scion seedlings in 400 times carbendazim solution for 3 minutes for disinfection, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp;

[0097] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the daytime temperature at 28°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 4 days, with a spraying amount of 8 mL / plant;

[0098] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0099] Comparative Example 5

[0100] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the healing agent in step (4) does not contain the Herba Lycopodii Herba Extract, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0101] An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0102] (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is the Jingxin Root No. 3 pumpkin variety, and the scion is a conventional watermelon variety;

[0103] (2) Seed treatment before grafting: soaking the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in a soaking solution for 5 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 500-fold solution of carbendazim for 60 minutes for disinfection; rinsing with clean water and germinating until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 60:7:2; the germination is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 40 hours;

[0104] (3) Sowing and raising seedlings: sowing the germinated seeds in the middle of a plug tray with 50 holes, sowing one seed in each hole, covering it with 1.5 cm of nutrient soil, and wetting it with water. The rootstock is sown 3 days earlier than the scion; the nutrient soil includes desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8:25;

[0105] (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting, and use the sticking method for grafting. Before grafting, soak the rootstock seedling and scion seedling in 400 times dilution of carbendazim for disinfection for 3 minutes, spray the grafted surface with a healing agent at 0.8 mL / plant, and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp; the healing agent includes biguanide tri-octylbenzene sulfonate and anhydrous ethanol mixed in a mass ratio of 2:13;

[0106] (5) Management of seedling beds after grafting: Cover the grafted seedling beds with greenhouse film and then use shade nets on top. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, keep the grafted seedlings sealed, keep the humidity in the greenhouse above 90%, control the daytime temperature at 28°C and the nighttime temperature at 18°C; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, open the greenhouse film and ventilate the grafted seedlings for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 5th to 6th day, ventilate for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m.; on the 7th to 9th day, ventilate for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. to acclimate the seedlings, and start normal seedling bed management after 10 days; spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 4 days, with a spraying amount of 8 mL / plant;

[0107] (6) Transplanting: After 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

[0108] Comparative Example 6

[0109] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the "healing agent for improving the survival rate of mechanized watermelon grafting and its use method" disclosed in patent application number CN201610881045.3 is used instead of the healing agent of the present application, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0110] A healing agent for improving the survival rate of mechanized grafting of watermelons comprises an aqueous solvent containing thiram, thidiazuron, kinetin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the content of thiram in the aqueous solvent is 1.0 g / L, the content of thidiazuron in the aqueous solvent is 0.02 mg / L, the content of kinetin in the aqueous solvent is 0.10 mg / L and the content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solvent is 2 g / L. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly dissolving thidiazuron and kinetin in a small amount of 75% alcohol, then mixing with thiram and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dissolving in water to prepare the healing solvent, and immersing the cut surfaces of a stock and a scion in the healing agent for 10 seconds during grafting.

[0111] Test Example 1 Rootstock Selection

[0112] The commonly used pumpkin rootstock materials 'Heinu', 'Jinzuan', 'Jinzhen No. 8', 'Zaoshengxizhen', 'Jingxinzhen No. 3', 'Jingxinzhen No. 9', 'Jingxinzhen No. 2' and the wild watermelon rootstock material 'Yongzhen' were selected as rootstock alternatives, and a rootstock scion grafting survival rate experiment was carried out to select the most suitable rootstock.

[0113] The graft survival rate and grafted seedling index of different rootstocks are as follows Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, compared with other rootstock materials, "Hei Nuo" and "Jing Xin Zhen No. 3" had the best survival rate and seedling index after grafting. Therefore, we chose the pumpkin rootstock materials "Hei Nuo" and "Jing Xin Zhen No. 3" as grafted rootstocks.

[0114] Test Example 2 Selection of scion and rootstock age

[0115] We used 'Heinu' as the rootstock and the watermelon variety 'Youdu' as the scion, selected scions and rootstocks of different seedling ages, carried out grafting experiments, counted the survival rate and seedling index of different grafting combinations, and selected the rootstock and scion with the best seedling age. The grafting combination table is shown in Table 1. The grafting survival rate under different combinations is shown in Table 1. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 4 As shown:

[0116] Table 1 Scion rootstock grafting combination table

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] According to the survival rate and seedling index of different grafting combinations, we selected the scion with the first true leaf (sixth day) and the rootstock with two true leaves (ninth day) as the best scion-rootstock combination.

[0120] Experimental Example 3: Survival rate and healing time after grafting

[0121] Watermelons were grafted according to the grafting seedling raising methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and the survival rate = (grafted number / survival number) × 100%. The results after grafting are shown in Table 2:

[0122] Table 2 Survival rate and healing time after grafting

[0123]

[0124] As shown in Table 1, when the grafting seedling raising method of Examples 1 to 3 is used, the survival rate of the seedlings is above 96%, and the healing time is 5 days. It can be seen from the comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 that if only water is used to soak the seeds, the survival rate of the seedlings will be reduced. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid and sodium carbonate are added to the soaking liquid. In an alkaline environment, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens and reduce the harm of diseases to seedlings. In order to achieve the best seedling raising effect, it is necessary to adjust the proportion of each component of the soaking liquid to determine the best ratio; it can be seen from the comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 that conventional coconut bran and vermiculite are used. Coconut bran is easy to decompose, and vermiculite will swell after absorbing water, which will damage the root system of the seedlings. Causes pressure, which in turn leads to root hypoxia, thereby affecting the growth of seedlings, and the nutrient soil composed of desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil used in the present application can provide nutrition and growth pores for the root system of seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of seedlings; By comparing Example 3 with Comparative Examples 4 to 6, it can be seen that spraying a healing agent on the grafted section accelerates the differentiation of healing tissue, which is beneficial to improving the healing of the two sections. The healing agent includes iron wire pelargonium extract, tri-octyl benzene sulfonate of biguanide and anhydrous ethanol. Only when the ingredients of the healing agent of the present application are complete can the healing of the section be accelerated. Although the survival rate in Comparative Example 6 reaches 90%, the section healing time is slower than that in Example 3, which is not conducive to the growth of seedlings.

[0125] Paraffin sections were made on the material of Example 3 2 days, 3 days and 5 days after grafting to observe the wound healing and healing time. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the basic interface has healed 5 days after grafting and normal seedling management can be carried out.

[0126] Test Example 4 Watermelon Quality Test

[0127] After the fruit matured, the total sugar and total acid content of the watermelon fruit with "Heinu" as the rootstock and the self-grafted fruit were determined. Sugar and acid are important chemicals that affect the flavor of the fruit. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The results showed that the sugar and acid content of watermelon was significantly increased after grafting, the flavor of watermelon was significantly improved after grafting, and the economic value of watermelon was further improved. The grafting seedling method is suitable for industrial promotion and application.

[0128] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Rootstock selection: The rootstock is pumpkin variety, and the scion is conventional watermelon variety; (2) Seed treatment before grafting: Soak the rootstock seeds and scion seeds in soaking liquid, then sterilize the seeds; rinse them with clean water and germinate them until the radicle grows to more than 1 mm; (3) Seeding and seedling raising: Sow the germinated seeds in the middle of the hole tray, sow one seed in each hole, cover them with 1 to 2 cm of nutrient soil, and water them. The rootstock is sown 2 to 3 days earlier than the scion; (4) Grafting: Select a scion seedling with one true leaf and a rootstock with two true leaves for grafting. Use the close grafting method to graft. Spray the grafted surface with a healing agent and clamp the interface between the scion and the rootstock with a grafting clamp. (5) Seedbed management after grafting: Cover the grafted seedbed with shed film and then use shade nets on top. Seal the grafted seedlings within 2 to 3 days after grafting. Perform ventilation management on the 3rd to 6th day after grafting, and ventilate the seedlings on the 7th to 9th day after grafting. Start normal seedbed management after 10 days. (6) Transplanting: After 5 to 7 days of hardening, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting and normal planting management.

2. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pumpkin varieties selected in step (1) are Heiniu and Jingxinzhen No.

3.

3. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking in step (2) is specifically as follows: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds are soaked in a soaking solution for 4 to 6 hours, wherein the soaking solution comprises water, sodium carbonate and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid mixed in a mass ratio of (50 to 70):(5 to 8):(1 to 3).

4. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection in step (2) is specifically as follows: the seeds are placed in either a 500-fold solution of carbendazim or a 2000-fold solution of dimethomorph and soaked for 30 to 90 minutes.

5. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination in step (2) is to place the rinsed seeds in a 30° C. constant temperature box for moisturizing and germination for 36 to 48 hours.

6. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient soil in step (3) comprises desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue and peat soil mixed in a mass ratio of (0.5-2):(5-9):(20-30).

7. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), before grafting, the rootstock seedlings and the scion seedlings are immersed and disinfected with 400 times dilution of carbendazim for 2 to 5 minutes.

8. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the healing agent sprayed on the grafted surface in step (4) is 0.5-1 mL / plant, and the healing agent comprises an extract of Herba Lycopodii, tri-octylbenzene sulfonate of biguanide and anhydrous ethanol mixed in a mass ratio of (4-8):(1-3):(10-15).

9. A high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (5) Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, the humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at more than 90%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 to 30° C., and the nighttime temperature is 15 to 20° C.; on the 3rd to 4th day after grafting, the greenhouse film is opened, and the grafted seedlings are ventilated for 0.5 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. respectively; on the 5th to 6th day, the grafted seedlings are ventilated for 1 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. respectively; on the 7th to 9th day, the grafted seedlings are ventilated for 2 h at 9:00 a.m. and 16:00 p.m. respectively, to perform ventilation and seedling hardening.

10. The high-efficiency greenhouse watermelon grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (5) After grafting, spray with 800 times diluted Spring Thunder King Copper every 3 to 5 days, with a spraying amount of 5 to 10 mL / plant.

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