Breeding method of new variety of hemerocallis middendorfii

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of a new variety of hemerocallis fulva, and relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and the breeding method comprises the following steps: collecting pollen of three hemerocallis fulva stock seeds of hemerocallis fulva, hemerocallis fulva and hemerocallis fulva, and freezing and storing the pollen; after the hemerocallis fulva germplasm resource garden enters a flowering period, collecting pollen of a variety resource with high ornamental value and good resistance, and freezing and storing; the method provided by the invention can overcome the problem of flowering asynchronism of three stock seeds of the early flower type day lily and other horticultural day lily varieties, fully utilizes the early flowering genes of the stock seeds of the early flower type day lily, transforms the stock seeds into the filial generation through reciprocal cross, and hybridizes the three stock seeds and a plurality of horticultural varieties to obtain the hybrid variety of the early flower type day lily. A large number of novel varieties of hemerocallis fulva with various flower colors, high ornamental value and early flowering period can be obtained, and the urgent demand of the market on the novel varieties of the hemerocallis fulva can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and in particular to a method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylilies. Background Art

[0002] Hemerocallis is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Hemerocallis in the family Asphodeloides. It has rich germplasm resources and a wide range of functions. It is "a flower to be admired, a vegetable to be eaten, and a medicine to be used". It has ornamental, edible and medicinal value. As an ornamental plant, Hemerocallis has a wide variety of varieties, beautiful flower shapes, emerald green leaves, rich flower colors, and a long flowering period. It is an excellent garden flower and has a rich cultural heritage. It is called the Chinese Mother Flower and can be used as a carrier to promote the Chinese culture of filial piety. The cultivation of edible daylilies has a long history of 2,500 years and is a traditional specialty industry. In particular, fresh daylilies have become a well-known specialty summer vegetable. However, both ornamental daylilies and edible daylilies are facing a shortage of new varieties due to the late start of breeding. A large number of new varieties of ornamental daylilies have been bred, but the flowering period is mostly concentrated in the hot summer, and very few people travel to see the flowers. The climate in most parts of the country is relatively comfortable in April-May, which is suitable for study and outings, and there is an extreme shortage of early-flowering varieties that meet the viewing needs of the peak tourist travel season in late spring and early summer. Therefore, the present invention proposes a breeding method for a new variety of early-flowering daylilies to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily. The early-flowering daylily varieties bred by the breeding method of the new variety of early-flowering daylily have strong plant growth and high ornamental value. The flowering period can be advanced to mid-to-late April to early May, which is the season for traveling. These daylily varieties can be used for the landscape creation of flower fields, flower borders and gardens, enriching the spring flower categories. Some new varieties of early-flowering edible daylilies can be put on the market earlier, broadening the supply period of fresh edible daylilies, and can occupy price advantages, providing variety support for industrial revitalization.

[0004] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylilies, comprising the following steps: S1: Collect pollen from three early-flowering daylily species, namely, daylily small, daylily large, and daylily small, and store the pollen in a frozen state; S2: After the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, pollen of varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance is collected and frozen for storage; S3: After entering the flowering period, the three types of pollen from the early-flowering resources stored in S1 are used to pollinate the daylily resources from which pollen has been collected in S2. After the fruits are ripe, seeds are collected, sown, seedlings are planted and selected; S4: After the three early-flowering daylily resources bloom in the second year, pollinate them again using pollen from the stored multiple daylily resources, collect seeds, sow, plant and select seeds; S5: Carry out tissue culture propagation of the selected early-flowering new lines to establish a colony; S6: Screen the population of new early-flowering strains and select strains that meet the requirements of specificity, consistency, stability and obvious early-flowering characteristics as new early-flowering varieties.

[0005] A further improvement is that: S1 comprises the following steps: The selected time is in late March or early April; When the three daylily species, daylily lily, daylily lily, and daylily lily, were in bloom, the pollen of each daylily was collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube after the pollen was completely dispersed at 10:00 am; Mark the variety and year, place in a centrifuge tube box, and store the centrifuge tube box in the freezer of the refrigerator.

[0006] A further improvement is that: S2 comprises the following steps: After the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylily, and varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance are selected as parents; After the pollen of the selected parent was completely dispersed at 10:00 a.m. on a sunny day, the pollen of each daylily was collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube; Collect at least 2 tubes for each variety, mark the variety and year, put them in a centrifuge tube box, and store the centrifuge tube box in the freezer of the refrigerator.

[0007] A further improvement is that: S3 comprises the following steps: After the daylily germplasm resource garden entered the flowering period, one tube of pollen was taken out from the refrigerator for each of the three daylily species and packaged into multiple tubes with the variety and year marked; Take 1 tube for pollination, take it out and use it up, and pollinate the daylily parent from which pollen has been collected in the open S2; When it is cloudy, pollinate all day. When it is cloudy or sunny in May, pollinate all day. When it is sunny from June to August, pollinate before 10:00 am. When it is hot and dry in July and August, spray the stigma with clean water after pollination to increase the fruit setting rate. The seeds are harvested when the fruit is about to crack, and after harvesting, they are placed in net sandbags and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for at least 1 month; Sow seeds in trays, plant them when they grow to 6 leaves, and they will bloom in the second year after sowing; After flowering, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early-flowering strains.

[0008] A further improvement is that: said S4 comprises the following steps: In the second year, after the three early-flowering daylily resources bloomed, several varieties of pollen were taken out from the refrigerator according to the number of blooms, and each type of pollen was packaged into 2-3 tubes marked with the variety and year. One tube was taken for pollination and taken out for use; The three early-flowering daylily species that have already bloomed are marked for pollination, and pollination can be carried out all day long unless it rains; When fruiting, continue pollinating to ensure enough fruit and enough male parents for pollination; The seeds are harvested when the fruit is about to crack, and after harvesting, they are placed in net sandbags and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for at least 1 month; Sow seeds in trays, plant them when they grow to 6 leaves, and they will bloom in the second year after sowing; After flowering, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early-flowering strains.

[0009] A further improvement is that: S5 comprises the following steps: Take explants of early-flowering new strains for tissue culture induction; After inducing seedlings, a new early-flowering variety group is established through proliferation culture, rooting culture, seedling hardening and transplanting, and ground cultivation.

[0010] A further improvement is that: S6 comprises the following steps: After the early-flowering new strain tissue culture seedlings planted in the field bloom, they are compared with the seedlings to see if their flowering period and traits are consistent, and the groups are observed to see if they are consistent; When the early flowering characteristics are obvious, the traits are stable, and the plant consistency is good, it is identified as an early flowering new variety and the variety rights are declared, propagated, increased in quantity, and promoted for application.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention can overcome the problem that the three early-flowering daylily varieties and other daylily horticultural varieties (including daylily varieties) have different flowering periods, and fully utilize the early flowering genes of the early-flowering daylily varieties to transfer them to hybrid offspring through positive and negative crosses. By hybridizing the three original varieties with a plurality of horticultural varieties, a large number of distinctive new daylily varieties with various flower colors, high ornamental value and early flowering period can be obtained, thereby meeting the urgent market demand for new early-flowering daylily varieties.

[0012] 2. The present invention breeds daylily varieties with strong plant growth, high ornamental value and early flowering, and their flowering period can be advanced to mid-to-late April to early May, which is the season for traveling. These daylily varieties will enrich the spring flower categories, can create a sea of ​​flowers, flower borders and garden landscapes in late spring and early summer, and have excellent cultural effects. In addition, the new varieties of early-flowering edible daylilies bred in this way can be put on the market earlier, which broadens the supply period of fresh edible daylilies and can occupy a price advantage, providing variety support for industrial revitalization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] Embodiment 1 according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylilies, comprising the following steps: S1: Collect pollen from three daylily species, namely, small daylily, large-bract daylily and small daylily, which are early-flowering daylily resources, and freeze the pollen for storage; specifically, the following steps are included: select a time at the end of March or the beginning of April; when the three daylily species, namely, small daylily, large-bract daylily and small daylily, bloom, after the pollen is completely dispersed at 10:00 am, collect the pollen of each daylily into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube; mark the variety and year, put the pollen into a centrifuge tube box, and store the centrifuge tube box in the freezer of the refrigerator.

[0016] S2: After the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, pollen of varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance is collected and frozen for storage; specifically comprising the following steps: after the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance are selected as parents; after the pollen of the selected parents is completely dispersed at 10:00 am on a sunny day, the pollen of each daylily is collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube; at least 2 tubes of each variety are collected for backup, the variety and year are marked, and the tubes are placed in a centrifuge tube box, and the centrifuge tube box is placed in the freezer of the refrigerator for storage.

[0017] S3: After entering the flowering period, use the three types of pollen from the early-flowering resources stored in S1 to pollinate the daylily resources whose pollen has been collected in S2. After the fruits are ripe, collect seeds, sow seeds, plant seedlings and select seeds. The specific steps include: after the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, take out a tube of pollen from the refrigerator for each of the three daylily species and pack them into multiple tubes with the variety and year marked; take out 1 tube for pollination, take it out and use it up, and pollinate and hang a label for the daylily parent whose pollen has been collected in S2 that has opened; when it is cloudy, pollinate all day; when it is cloudy or sunny in May, When the weather is sunny from June to August, pollination should be completed before 10:00 am. When it is hot and dry from July to August, spray the stigma with clean water after pollination to increase the fruit setting rate. Harvest the seeds when the fruit is about to crack, and store them in a net sandbag in a 4℃ refrigerator for at least 1 month. Sow in hole trays, and plant them when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves. They will bloom in the second year after sowing. After flowering, select excellent varieties according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early-flowering strains.

[0018] S4: After the three early-flowering daylily resources bloom in the second year, pollen from the stored pollen of the various daylily resources is used to pollinate them again, collect seeds, sow, plant and select seeds; the specific steps include: after the three early-flowering daylily resources bloom in the second year, pollen of several varieties is taken out from the refrigerator according to the number of flowers, each pollen is packaged into 2-3 tubes with the variety and year marked, 1 tube is taken out for pollination, and it is taken out and used up; the three early-flowering daylily varieties that have bloomed are pollinated and marked separately, and pollination can be carried out all day without rain; when fruiting, pollination is continued to ensure sufficient fruits and sufficient male parents are pollinated; the seeds are harvested when the fruits are about to crack, and after harvesting, they are placed in a net sandbag and stored in a 4°C refrigerator for at least 1 month; hole tray sowing is carried out, and the seedlings are planted on the ground when they grow to 6 leaves, and they bloom in the second year after sowing; after flowering, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early flowering strains.

[0019] S5: Carry out tissue culture propagation of the selected early-flowering new varieties to establish a population; specifically comprising the following steps: taking explants of the early-flowering new varieties for tissue culture induction; after induction into seedlings, carrying out proliferation culture, rooting culture, seedling hardening and transplanting, and ground cultivation to establish a population of early-flowering new varieties.

[0020] S6: Screen the population of early-flowering new lines, select lines that meet the specificity, consistency, stability and have obvious early-flowering characteristics, and define them as early-flowering new varieties. Specifically, the following steps are included: compare the early-flowering new line tissue culture seedlings planted in the field with the seedlings after flowering to see whether their flowering period and traits are consistent, and observe the group to see whether the group is consistent; when the early-flowering characteristics are obvious, the traits are stable, and the plant consistency is good, it is defined as an early-flowering new variety for variety rights application, reproduction, and promotion and application.

[0021] Embodiment 2 according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylilies, comprising the following steps: On March 20 of year N, three daylily species, namely, small daylily, large-bract daylily, and small daylily, bloomed one after another. Pollen was collected separately at 10:00 a.m. every day after the pollen was completely dispersed. The pollen of each daylily was collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube. As much pollen as possible was collected, marked with the species name and year, and placed in a centrifuge tube box. The centrifuge tube box was then stored in the freezer of the refrigerator.

[0022] After the daylily germplasm resource garden entered the flowering period in mid-to-late May of year N, excellent varieties were screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance were selected as parents. After the pollen of the selected parents was completely dispersed at 10:00 am on a sunny day, the pollen of each daylily was collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube. At least 2 tubes of each variety were collected for backup, marked with the variety and year, and placed in a centrifuge tube box, which was then stored in the freezer of the refrigerator.

[0023] In mid-to-late May of year N, when the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, take out a tube of pollen from the refrigerator for each of the three daylily species and pack it into multiple tubes with the variety and year marked. Take one tube for pollination to prevent repeated use. Once taken out, it will be used up. Pollinate and list the daylily parents that have been opened in 2. If it is cloudy, pollination can be done all day. Pollination can also be done all day on cloudy or sunny days in May. It is best to complete pollination before 10:00 am on sunny days from June to August. In July and August, if there is high temperature and drought, spray the stigma with clean water after pollination to increase the fruit setting rate. Harvest the seeds when the fruit is about to crack. After harvesting, store them in a net sandbag in a 4℃ refrigerator for at least 1 month. Sow in plug trays in August. Plant the seedlings on the ground when they grow to 6 leaves in October. Generally, they can bloom in the second year after sowing. After flowering in 2019, excellent varieties were screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goals, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 were defined as early-flowering strains.

[0024] After the three daylily varieties bloom in N+1 year, take out pollen of several varieties from the refrigerator according to the number of flowers. Each pollen is divided into 2-3 tubes with the variety and year marked. Take 1 tube for pollination to prevent repeated use. Use it up once it is taken out. Pollinate and hang the three early-flowering daylily varieties that have bloomed separately. Pollination can be carried out all day as long as it does not rain. If it can bear fruit, pollination can continue later to ensure enough fruits, and at the same time, as many male parents as possible must be pollinated. The seeds are harvested when the fruits are about to crack. After harvesting, they are placed in a net sandbag and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator for at least 1 month. Sow in a plug tray in August, and plant the seedlings on the ground when they grow to 6 leaves. After flowering in N+3 year, select excellent varieties according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies. According to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early-flowering strains.

[0025] The explants of early-flowering new varieties are taken for tissue culture induction. After induction into seedlings, they are subjected to proliferation culture, rooting culture, seedling hardening and transplanting, and then gradually planted on the ground in N+4 years to establish a group of early-flowering new varieties.

[0026] The early-flowering new strain tissue culture seedlings planted in the field bloomed in N+6 years. After flowering, they were compared with the seedlings to see whether their flowering period and traits were consistent, and the group was observed to see whether the group was consistent. If the early-flowering characteristics were obvious, the traits were stable, and the plants were consistent, they could be identified as early-flowering new varieties for variety rights application, breeding, and promotion and application. This breeding method has been used to breed a series of early-flowering new varieties in red, purple, yellow, orange, and white. They are currently in the breeding stage, and a large number of hybrid offspring are still entering the seed selection stage every year.

[0027] The breeding method of the new early-flowering daylily variety can overcome the problem that the three early-flowering daylily varieties and other daylily horticultural varieties (including daylily varieties) have different flowering periods. It makes full use of the early flowering genes of the early-flowering daylily varieties and transfers them to hybrid offspring through positive and negative crosses. Although the three early-flowering original species have early flowering characteristics, the flowers are smaller, the number of flowers is less, and the flower color is pure, only yellow and orange. Through the mutual hybridization of the three original species with multiple horticultural varieties, a large number of distinctive new daylily varieties with various flower colors, high ornamental value and early flowering period can be obtained, meeting the market's urgent demand for new early-flowering daylily varieties. At the same time, the present invention breeds daylily varieties with strong plant growth, high ornamental value and early flowering, and their flowering period can be advanced to mid-to-late April to early May, which is the season for traveling. These daylily varieties will enrich the categories of spring flowers, and can create flower fields, flower borders and garden landscapes in late spring and early summer, with excellent cultural effects. In addition, the new varieties of early-flowering edible daylilies bred in this way can be put on the market earlier, which broadens the supply period of fresh edible daylilies, and can occupy price advantages, providing variety support for industrial revitalization.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect pollen from three early-flowering daylily species, namely, daylily small, daylily large, and daylily small, and store the pollen in a frozen state; S2: After the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, pollen of varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance is collected and frozen for storage; S3: After entering the flowering period, the three types of pollen from the early-flowering resources stored in S1 are used to pollinate the daylily resources from which pollen has been collected in S2. After the fruits are ripe, seeds are collected, sown, seedlings are planted and selected; S4: After the three early-flowering daylily resources bloom in the second year, pollinate them again using pollen from the stored multiple daylily resources, collect seeds, sow, plant and select seeds; S5: Carry out tissue culture propagation of the selected early-flowering new lines to establish a colony; S6: Screen the population of new early-flowering strains and select strains that meet the requirements of specificity, consistency, stability and obvious early-flowering characteristics as new early-flowering varieties.

2. The method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 comprises the following steps: The selected time is in late March or early April; When the three daylily species, daylily lily, daylily lily, and daylily lily, were in bloom, the pollen of each daylily was collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube after the pollen was completely dispersed at 10:00 am; Mark the variety and year, place in a centrifuge tube box, and store the centrifuge tube box in the freezer of the refrigerator.

3. The method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S2 comprises the following steps: After the daylily germplasm resource garden enters the flowering period, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylily, and varieties with high ornamental value and good resistance are selected as parents; After the pollen of the selected parent was completely dispersed at 10:00 a.m. on a sunny day, the pollen of each daylily was collected into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube; Collect at least 2 tubes for each variety, mark the variety and year, put them in a centrifuge tube box, and store the centrifuge tube box in the freezer of the refrigerator.

4. The method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S3 comprises the following steps: After the daylily germplasm resource garden entered the flowering period, one tube of pollen was taken out from the refrigerator for each of the three daylily species and packaged into multiple tubes with the variety and year marked; Take 1 tube for pollination, take it out and use it up, and pollinate the daylily parent from which pollen has been collected in the open S2; When it is cloudy, pollinate all day. When it is cloudy or sunny in May, pollinate all day. When it is sunny from June to August, pollinate before 10:00 am. When it is hot and dry in July and August, spray the stigma with clean water after pollination to increase the fruit setting rate. The seeds are harvested when the fruit is about to crack, and after harvesting, they are placed in net sandbags and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for at least 1 month; Sow seeds in trays, plant them when they grow to 6 leaves, and they will bloom in the second year after sowing; After flowering, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early-flowering strains.

5. The method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 comprises the following steps: In the second year, after the three early-flowering daylily resources bloomed, several varieties of pollen were taken out from the refrigerator according to the number of blooms, and each type of pollen was packaged into 2-3 tubes marked with the variety and year. One tube was taken for pollination and taken out for use; The three early-flowering daylily species that have already bloomed are marked for pollination, and pollination can be carried out all day long unless it rains; When fruiting, continue pollinating to ensure enough fruit and enough male parents for pollination; The seeds are harvested when the fruit is about to crack, and after harvesting, they are placed in net sandbags and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for at least 1 month; Sow seeds in trays, plant them when they grow to 6 leaves, and they will bloom in the second year after sowing; After flowering, excellent varieties are screened according to the comprehensive evaluation method of daylilies, and according to the breeding goal, the excellent offspring with a flowering period before May 15 are defined as early-flowering strains.

6. The method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 comprises the following steps: Take explants of early-flowering new strains for tissue culture induction; After inducing seedlings, a new early-flowering variety group is established through proliferation culture, rooting culture, seedling hardening and transplanting, and ground cultivation.

7. The method for breeding a new variety of early-flowering daylily according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 comprises the following steps: After the early-flowering new strain tissue culture seedlings planted in the field bloom, they are compared with the seedlings to see if their flowering period and traits are consistent, and the groups are observed to see if they are consistent; When the early flowering characteristics are obvious, the traits are stable, and the plant consistency is good, it is identified as an early flowering new variety and the variety rights are declared, propagated, increased in quantity, and promoted for application.

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