Flame-retardant, low-toxicity and light composite armor and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a flame-retardant, low-toxicity and light composite armor which comprises m composite layers which are sequentially laid from bottom to top, m is larger than or equal to 2, each composite layer comprises, by mass, 15-20 parts of resin, 80-85 parts of fiber cloth and 0.1-1 part of modifier, and the resin is thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin; the high-performance fiber composite material is used for armor protection, so that the armor mass can be greatly reduced, or higher protection performance can be provided under the same mass condition, and meanwhile, the armor has excellent flame retardant property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of protective equipment, and in particular relates to a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ships generally rely on their internal bulkheads to set up composite armor structures to resist the armor-piercing effect of high-speed fragments. Composite armor is a plate structure used to protect personnel and equipment and prevent fragments.

[0003] Some advanced materials such as light aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and ceramic reinforced composites are used in the research and development of light armor. These materials mainly rely on their own high hardness to resist projectile penetration, and often have performance defects such as high material density and poor flame retardancy. In addition, these materials often require secondary processing such as welding and riveting during the molding process, and the overall preparation process is complex and cumbersome.

[0004] In view of this, this invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor, which uses high-performance fiber bulletproof composite materials for armor protection, can greatly reduce the weight of the armor, or provide higher anti-ballistic performance under the same quality conditions, and is a key technology for achieving lightweight and strong protection of composite armor.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor, comprising m composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, m≥2, the composite layers comprising 15 to 20 parts of resin, 80 to 85 parts of fiber cloth, and 0.1 to 1 part of modifier by mass, and the resin is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.

[0008] Preferably, the thermoplastic resin is polycarbonate.

[0009] Preferably, the thermosetting resin is epoxy resin or phenolic resin.

[0010] Preferably, the modifier is a silane coupling agent.

[0011] Preferably, the fiber cloth is aramid fiber cloth.

[0012] Preferably, the surface density of the fiber cloth is 330-340 gsm.

[0013] A method for preparing the above-mentioned flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Mix the modifier and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 8:92 to 10:90 to obtain a modified solution;

[0015] S2, after marking and edge-sealing the fiber cloth, cutting it according to the size of the blank, ultrasonically cleaning the cut fiber cloth with anhydrous ethanol and acetone alternately, washing it with deionized water after cleaning, and drying it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it, and then washing it with deionized water, and drying it to obtain the modified fiber cloth;

[0016] S3. If the resin is a thermoplastic resin, execute S301; if the resin is a thermosetting resin, execute S302;

[0017] S301, laying a layer of thermoplastic resin on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer;

[0018] S302, mixing a thermosetting resin and a diluent in a mass ratio of 1.9:1.1 to 2.1:0.9 to obtain a resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer;

[0019] S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to m layers, m ≥ 2, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot molding.

[0020] Preferably, when the cut fiber cloth is ultrasonically cleaned alternately with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in S2, the cleaning frequency is 90-100 Hz and the cleaning time is 30±3 min; when the fiber cloth is ultrasonically cleaned in the modified solution, the cleaning frequency is 90-100 Hz and the cleaning time is 120±5 min.

[0021] Preferably, the drying temperature in each step S2 is 100±5° C., and the drying time is 120±5 min.

[0022] Preferably, the temperature of the hot compression molding in S4 is 240±5° C., and the molding pressure is 20-25 MPa.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) After the fiber cloth of the present invention is treated with a surface modifier, active groups are introduced on the surface without damaging the fiber body, thereby enhancing the surface roughness and surface polarity of the fiber, effectively solving the problem that the fiber surface is smooth and difficult to form mechanical engagement with the resin matrix, and the resin is not easy to adhere to the fiber surface, thereby improving the interface bonding ability between the resin and the fiber, so that the composite armor has good interlayer bonding and excellent mechanical properties.

[0025] (2) The present invention adopts hot compression molding technology, the composite material molding effect is good, and the product thickness can be controlled according to the number of layers and the molding pressure. The preparation process is simple and easy to operate.

[0026] (3) The present invention uses fiber-reinforced resin-based composite materials as armor protection materials, uses simulation calculations to achieve material layer structure design, and combines its own low-density characteristics to achieve material lightweight. In addition, the present invention relies on energy absorption mechanisms such as material plastic deformation and fracture absorption energy to achieve excellent mechanical properties and anti-fragmentation properties of the material. It has been verified by experiments that the oxygen index of the flame-retardant and low-toxic bulletproof composite armor is ≥32%, and the bulk density is ≤2g / cm 3 , good flame retardancy. And meet the required lightweight requirements, realize the lightweight structure, and after forming a whole with the steel plate, it can resist the penetration of fragments with a mass of 3.2-3.3g and a speed of 1200m / s, and has a good bulletproof effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composite layer laying of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hot molding process of the composite armor of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] refer to Figure 1 A flame retardant, low toxicity, lightweight composite armor comprises three composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers contain 15 parts of phenolic resin, 80 parts of aramid fiber cloth with a density of 340 gsm, and 0.1 parts of silane coupling agent by mass.

[0034] refer to Figure 2 The method for preparing the flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 1:9 to obtain a modified solution;

[0036] S2, using anhydrous ethanol and acetone to alternately perform ultrasonic cleaning of the fiber cloth at a frequency of 100 Hz for 30 minutes, and then using deionized water to clean it, and then drying it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it at a frequency of 100 Hz for 120 minutes, and then using deionized water to wash it, and drying it to obtain a modified fiber cloth;

[0037] S3, mixing phenolic resin and diluent in a mass ratio of 19:11 to obtain resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer;

[0038] S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to 3 layers, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot compression molding. The molding temperature of hot compression molding is 240°C and the molding pressure is 25MPa.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises five composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers contain, by mass, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 85 parts of aramid fiber cloth with a density of 330 gsm, and 1 part of a silane coupling agent.

[0041] The method for preparing the flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 2:23 to obtain a modified solution;

[0043] S2, using anhydrous ethanol and acetone to alternately perform ultrasonic cleaning of the fiber cloth at a frequency of 90 Hz for 30 minutes, and then use deionized water to clean it, and then dry it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it at a frequency of 90 Hz for 120 minutes, and then using deionized water to clean it, and drying it to obtain a modified fiber cloth;

[0044] S3, laying a layer of thermoplastic resin on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer;

[0045] S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to 3 layers, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot compression molding. The molding temperature of hot compression molding is 240°C and the molding pressure is 25MPa.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] A flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises three composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers contain 18 parts of phenolic resin, 82 parts of aramid fiber cloth with a density of 335 gsm, and 0.5 parts of silane coupling agent by mass.

[0048] The method for preparing the flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 1:10 to obtain a modified solution;

[0050] S2, using anhydrous ethanol and acetone to alternately perform ultrasonic cleaning of the fiber cloth at a frequency of 95 Hz for 30 minutes, and then using deionized water to clean it, and then drying it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it at a frequency of 100 Hz for 120 minutes, and then using deionized water to wash it, and drying it to obtain a modified fiber cloth;

[0051] S3, mixing epoxy resin and diluent in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer;

[0052] S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to 3 layers, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot compression molding. The molding temperature of hot compression molding is 240°C and the molding pressure is 25MPa.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] A flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises five composite layers laid in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers contain, by mass, 17 parts of phenolic resin, 84 parts of aramid fiber cloth with a density of 335 gsm, and 0.7 parts of a silane coupling agent.

[0055] The method for preparing the flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 2:19 to obtain a modified solution;

[0057] S2, using anhydrous ethanol and acetone to alternately perform ultrasonic cleaning of the fiber cloth at a frequency of 90 Hz for 30 minutes, and then use deionized water to clean it, and then dry it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it at a frequency of 90 Hz for 120 minutes, and then using deionized water to clean it, and drying it to obtain a modified fiber cloth;

[0058] S3, mixing epoxy resin and diluent in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer;

[0059] S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to 5 layers, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot compression molding. The molding temperature of hot compression molding is 240°C and the molding pressure is 25MPa.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] The flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor proposed in this embodiment is different from that in Embodiment 1 in that the composite layer does not contain a silane coupling agent.

[0062] The method for preparing the flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor described in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1. Use anhydrous ethanol and acetone to alternately perform ultrasonic cleaning of the fiber cloth at a frequency of 100 Hz for 30 minutes, then use deionized water to clean it, and then dry it;

[0064] S2, mixing phenolic resin and diluent in a mass ratio of 19:11 to obtain resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer;

[0065] S3. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to 3 layers, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot compression molding. The molding temperature of hot compression molding is 240°C and the molding pressure is 25MPa.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] refer to Figure 1 A flame retardant, low toxicity, lightweight composite armor comprises 5 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers comprise 15 parts of epoxy resin, 80 parts of aramid fiber cloth with a density of 340 gsm, and 0.1 parts of silane coupling agent by mass.

[0068] refer to Figure 2 The method for preparing the flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor comprises the following steps:

[0069] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 1:9 to obtain a modified solution;

[0070] S2, using anhydrous ethanol and acetone to alternately perform ultrasonic cleaning of the fiber cloth at a frequency of 100 Hz for 30 minutes, and then using deionized water to clean it, and then drying it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it at a frequency of 100 Hz for 120 minutes, and then using deionized water to wash it, and drying it to obtain a modified fiber cloth;

[0071] S3, mixing epoxy resin and diluent in a mass ratio of 19:11 to obtain resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer;

[0072] S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to 5 layers, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot compression molding. The molding temperature of hot compression molding is 240°C and the molding pressure is 25MPa.

[0073] In the above embodiments, the number of composite layers, the thickness of the fiber cloth, and the thickness of the polycarbonate and resin slurry can all be determined according to design requirements.

[0074] In the above embodiments, the diluent may be water or ethanol.

[0075] In order to verify the performance of the composite armor prepared in the above embodiments, an anti-fragmentation simulated elastic performance test was carried out according to GB / T32497; a combustion performance test was carried out according to GB / T 8924. The test results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0076] Table 1 Ballistic performance test results

[0077]

[0078] Table 2 Oxygen index test results

[0079] Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 Oxygen Index 35.4 36.6 40.4 35.8 34.8 45.2

[0080] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that the composite armor developed by the present invention has good protective performance and flame retardant effect.

[0081] The specific embodiments of the present invention enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0082] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to what has been described above and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A flame retardant, low toxicity, lightweight composite armor, characterized in that: It comprises m composite layers laid in sequence from bottom to top, m≥2, the composite layers contain 15-20 parts of resin, 80-85 parts of fiber cloth, and 0.1-1 part of modifier by mass, and the resin is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.

2. The flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoplastic resin is polycarbonate.

3. The flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin or phenolic resin.

4. The flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modifier is a silane coupling agent.

5. The flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber cloth is aramid fiber cloth.

6. The flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface density of the fiber cloth is 330-340 gsm.

7. A method for preparing a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mix the modifier and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 8:92 to 10:90 to obtain a modified solution; S2, after marking and edge-sealing the fiber cloth, cutting it according to the size of the blank, ultrasonically cleaning the cut fiber cloth with anhydrous ethanol and acetone alternately, washing it with deionized water after cleaning, and drying it; soaking the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically cleaning it, and then washing it with deionized water, and drying it to obtain the modified fiber cloth; S3. If the resin is a thermoplastic resin, execute S301; if the resin is a thermosetting resin, execute S302; S301, laying a layer of thermoplastic resin on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer; S302, mixing a thermosetting resin and a diluent in a mass ratio of 1.9:1.1 to 2.1:0.9 to obtain a resin slurry; brushing the resin slurry evenly on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying to obtain a composite layer; S4. Stack the composite layers from bottom to top to m layers, m ≥ 2, and obtain flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor through hot molding.

8. The method for preparing a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the cut fiber cloth is ultrasonically cleaned alternately with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in S2, the cleaning frequency is 90-100 Hz and the cleaning time is 30±3 min; when the fiber cloth is ultrasonically cleaned in the modified solution, the cleaning frequency is 90-100 Hz and the cleaning time is 120±5 min.

9. The method for preparing a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S2, the drying temperature is 100±5°C and the drying time is 120±5min each time.

10. The method for preparing a flame-retardant, low-toxic, lightweight composite armor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature of hot compression molding in S4 is 240±5°C, and the molding pressure is 20-25MPa.

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