Manufacturing method and application of three-layer anti-icing / deicing product with surface micro-nano structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing method and application of a three-layer anti-icing / deicing product with a surface micro-nano structure. The manufacturing method of the product comprises the following steps: manufacturing a template with a microstructure array on the surface, and fixing the template in a mold cavity; spraying the nano carbon material dispersion liquid on the surface of the template microstructure array to form a coating; the product is manufactured by compression molding or injection molding. The surface of the manufactured product is of a micro-nano structure, and the product is divided into a carbon material surface layer, a high polymer material / nano carbon material mixed layer and a high polymer material layer in the thickness direction. The micro-nano structure on the surface endows the surface with super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion characteristics; the surface micro-nano structure has the light trapping characteristic, more incident sunlight is absorbed by the surface layer and converted into heat energy, heat conduction is conducted through the surface layer and the mixed layer, the surface layer and the mixed layer have high conductivity, and therefore the surface temperature can be rapidly and evenly increased under the photo-thermal condition and the electric heating condition. Articles can be applied to active and passive ice prevention / removal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of functional surface engineering, and in particular to a manufacturing method and application of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure. Background Art

[0002] Icing phenomena can have a serious impact on transportation, industrial production, etc. Existing anti-icing / deicing methods can be divided into passive methods and active methods. Passive methods include mechanical vibration, electrothermal and photothermal deicing, which consume a lot of energy; active methods are to manufacture micro-nano structures or coat nanomaterials on the surface of materials to make the surface super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion, so that droplets and ice droplets on the surface can be easily removed by themselves. This type of method does not consume energy but has low efficiency. A single active or passive anti-icing / deicing method is difficult to meet the requirements of all-weather and long-term anti-icing / deicing in harsh environments. It is of great significance to combine a micro-nanostructure surface with active anti-icing / deicing function with a material with photothermal and electrothermal passive anti-icing / deicing function to produce a surface with both active and passive anti-icing / deicing functions.

[0003] Polymer materials are ideal materials for large-scale production of anti-icing / deicing products with surface micro-nano structures. Products with surface micro-nano structures made of polymer materials can exhibit super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, but there are problems such as low friction resistance and weather resistance of the surface micro-nano structures, and the super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion properties are easily invalidated under low temperature and high humidity environments. Nanocarbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, etc.) have high electrical and thermal conductivity. The thin-layer electric heating elements used to manufacture them have high heating efficiency and can be used in electric heating anti-icing / deicing; nanocarbon materials also have high photothermal conversion efficiency and have great potential in photothermal anti-icing / deicing applications. However, the toughness and ductility of thin-layer products made of nanocarbon materials are poor. Combining polymer materials with nanocarbon materials can produce products with both active and passive anti-icing / deicing functions. For example, a nano-carbon material layer can be coated on the surface of a polymer material to make the surface exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, but the bonding between the nano-carbon material layer and the polymer material on the surface is weak, and the peeling and friction resistance are poor. How to ensure the bonding strength between the nano-carbon material and the polymer material, and how to reasonably design the micro-nano structure of the surface to improve the active and passive anti-icing / de-icing performance are technical difficulties. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure includes the following three steps.

[0008] (1) manufacturing a template having a microstructure array on its surface, and fixing the template in a mold cavity;

[0009] (2) preparing a nano-carbon material dispersion and spraying it onto the microstructure array surface of the template in the mold cavity to form a uniformly distributed nano-carbon material coating;

[0010] (3) Using compression molding or injection molding methods, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is manufactured.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the method for manufacturing the template having a microstructure array on the surface is precision milling or laser etching, and the microstructure array is a micro-pyramid, micro-polygonal pyramid or micro-cylinder array.

[0012] As a preference, in step (2), the nano-carbon material used is carbon nanotube, nano-carbon black, graphene or carbon nanofiber; the nano-carbon material can be hydrophobically modified, and the hydrophobic modifier is fluorosilane or silane coupling agent.

[0013] As a preference, in step (3), the polymer material used for compression molding or injection molding is thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, in step (3), when compression molding is used to manufacture a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, a thin sheet of polymer material is placed on a template sprayed with a nano-carbon material coating in a mold cavity, the mold is heated to melt the thin sheet of polymer material, and the melt fills the mold cavity under pressure. After pressure maintenance, cooling and shaping, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

[0015] As a preferred method, in step (3), when injection molding is used to manufacture a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, an injection molding machine is used to melt and mix the polymer material into a melt, and the melt is injected into a mold cavity fixed with a template sprayed with a nano-carbon material coating. Under the action of the filling pressure or the mold compression force, the melt fills the mold cavity, and the melt is pressure-maintained, cooled and shaped to obtain a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the microstructure on the surface of the three-layer polymer material product with a surface micro-nano structure is a concave pyramid, a concave polygonal pyramid or a circular hole; the characteristic size and center distance of the microstructure are both 10 to 500 μm; the characteristic size of the submicron or nanoscale structure formed by the nanocarbon material agglomerates on the surface of the microstructure is 5 to 800 nm; and along the thickness direction of the product, it is divided into a nanocarbon material surface layer, a polymer material / nanocarbon material mixed layer and a polymer material layer.

[0017] The principle that the products manufactured by the present invention have a surface micro-nano structure and a three-layer structure in the thickness direction is as follows. During the melt filling process, under the action of pressure, the melt is filled into the microstructure array flow channel on the template to form a microstructure on the surface of the product. The melt fully infiltrates the nanocarbon-based material coating on the surface of the template and penetrates into the gaps in the coating. Under the action of the local flow field, it mixes with the nanocarbon-based material to form a polymer material / nanocarbon-based material mixed layer with a certain thickness; the melt that is not mixed with the nanocarbon-based material forms a polymer material matrix layer; a small number of submicron or nanometer-scale nanocarbon-based material agglomerates exposed on the surface of the mixed layer form a nanocarbon-based material surface layer, which together with the microstructure on the surface of the product constitute a surface micro-nano structure.

[0018] The anti-icing / de-icing principle of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured by the present invention is as follows. The working principle of active anti-icing is that the micro-nano structure on the surface gives it super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, making it easy to remove droplets and ice droplets on the surface; the contact area between the droplets and the surface of the product is small, and the air trapped in the micro-nano structure can increase the thermal resistance between the water droplets and the surface, effectively prolonging the freezing time of the droplets stationary on the surface. The working principle of passive anti-icing / de-icing is that the surface micro-nano structure has the characteristic of light trapping, which makes the incident sunlight more absorbed by the surface layer of the nano-carbon material and undergoes photothermal conversion, so that the temperature of the surface layer increases rapidly, and the heat is transferred to the area with lower surface temperature through the surface layer and the mixed layer with higher thermal conductivity, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of heat distribution on the surface of the product, so that the ice droplets or ice layer on the surface melt quickly; the surface layer and the mixed layer have higher electrical conductivity, and when direct current is passed, the surface of the product can generate Joule heat to rapidly increase the surface temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of passive anti-icing / de-icing.

[0019] An application of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, which uses the super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion properties of the micro-nano structure on the surface of the product to actively prevent ice, and uses the photothermal and / or electrothermal effects of the nano-carbon material surface layer and the polymer material / nano-carbon material mixed layer to passively prevent ice and melt ice.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages.

[0021] The manufacturing process of the template surface microstructure array is simple, and the size and distribution of the microstructure can be controlled by changing the processing parameters of precision milling or laser etching.

[0022] Products with surface micro-nano structures can be manufactured without processing nano-scale structures on the template, which can increase the service life of the template and make the product easier to demold.

[0023] The manufacturing process of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure is simple and flexible, with low cost and can be produced on a large scale.

[0024] The three-layer anti-icing / de-icing products with surface micro-nano structure have high active anti-icing performance and passive photothermal and electric thermal anti-icing / de-icing performance; they have high wear resistance, and the surface micro-nano structure still has photothermal and electric thermal ice-melting performance after being slightly worn, and the time required for ice melting is even shorter than before wear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , which indicates the surface layer of nano-carbon material, 2 indicates the mixed layer of polymer material / nano-carbon material, and 3 indicates the polymer material layer.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention, corresponding to Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 The wetting state of a water droplet (4 μL) on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention corresponds to Example 1.

[0028] Figure 4 The representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention is shown when the surface is tilted at 30° and a simulated light source of sunlight is vertically irradiated. This corresponds to Example 1.

[0029] Figure 5 The representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention is shown when a simulated light source of sunlight is vertically irradiated. This corresponds to Example 1.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention when a 12V direct current is passed through the surface, corresponding to Example 1.

[0031] Figure 7Representative microscopic optical photographs of the melting process of ice drops on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention when a simulated sunlight light source and a 12V direct current are simultaneously applied to the surface, corresponding to Example 1.

[0032] Figure 8 The representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the friction surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention is shown when a simulated light source of sunlight is vertically irradiated. This corresponds to Example 1.

[0033] Fig. 9 The representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention when 12V direct current is passed through the friction surface, corresponding to Example 1.

[0034] Fig.10 Representative microscopic optical photographs of the melting process of ice drops on the surface of the friction surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention when a simulated light source of sunlight is vertically irradiated and a 12V direct current is passed simultaneously, corresponding to Example 1.

[0035] Fig.11 This is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention, corresponding to Example 2.

[0036] Fig.12 The wetting state of a water droplet (4 μL) on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention corresponds to Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0038] Figure 1 The schematic cross-sectional view of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure of the present invention. The three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure has a microstructure on the surface and a submicron or nanoscale structure formed by nanocarbon material agglomerates gathered on the surface of the microstructure, and is divided into a nanocarbon material surface layer 1, a polymer material / nanocarbon material mixed layer 2 and a polymer material matrix layer 3 along the thickness direction.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, comprising the following three steps.

[0041] (1) A template having a micro-pyramid structure array on its surface is manufactured by precision milling, wherein the bottom side length of each micro-pyramid is 70 μm, the height is 70 μm, and the center distance between two adjacent micro-pyramids is 80 μm; and the template is fixed in the cavity of a molding die.

[0042] (2) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are hydrophobically modified using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, which is added to anhydrous ethanol, and a MWCNTs dispersion is obtained after mechanical stirring and ultrasonic oscillation; the dispersion is sprayed onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template in the molding die cavity to form a uniformly distributed MWCNTs coating with a thickness of about 20 μm.

[0043] (3) A thermoplastic polyurethane sheet is placed on the surface of a template sprayed with a MWCNTs coating in the cavity of a compression mold, and the compression mold is heated to a temperature of 180°C. After 15 minutes, the mold is compression molded at a pressure of 10 MPa. After cooling, shaping, and demolding, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

[0044] Figure 2 The scanning electron microscope photo of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment is shown. It can be seen that the surface has a regularly arranged concave pyramid microstructure array, and the center distance between two adjacent concave pyramids is 80 μm.

[0045] Figure 3 The wetting state of a water droplet (4 μL) on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment is shown. The contact angle of the water droplet on the surface is 152.3°, and the rolling angle is about 5°, which indicates that the surface has static superhydrophobic and low adhesion properties.

[0046] The photothermal ice drop self-removal performance of the three-layer anti-icing / deicing product with micro-nano surface structure manufactured in this embodiment was tested. 50 μL of room temperature (25°C) water droplets were dripped onto the surface of the product placed in a -20°C constant temperature cold stage. After 10 minutes (when the water droplets were completely frozen), the product was tilted 30° and the surface of the product was vertically irradiated with a simulated light source with a light intensity of one sun. Representative microscopic optical photos of the ice drop melting process are shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the ice droplets began to slide on the surface of the product after 11 seconds of illumination, and then the sliding speed gradually increased, and completely slid off the surface at about 23 seconds. The ice droplets can be quickly removed from the surface of the product by themselves, achieving the purpose of efficient and rapid deicing.

[0047] The photothermal, electric thermal and photoelectric thermal ice-melting properties of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment were tested. During the electric thermal ice-melting test, copper electrode clamps were pasted on two pairs of sides of the product, and voltage was applied to the electrode clamps through a DC adjustable power supply. 50 μL of water droplets at room temperature (25°C) were dripped onto the surface of the product placed in a -20°C constant temperature cold plate. After 10 minutes, the product was vertically irradiated with a light source simulating sunlight, a 12V direct current was applied, and a light source simulating sunlight was vertically irradiated with a 12V direct current at the same time to melt the ice. Representative microscopic optical photographs of the melting process of ice drops are shown below. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, it can be seen that the time required for photothermal ice melting is about 151s, the time required for electric thermal ice melting is about 96s, and the time required for photoelectric thermal ice melting is only about 79s.

[0048] The three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment was placed on #400 sandpaper, and the micro-nano structure surface of the product was rubbed for 2.5m under a pressure of 1.25kPa. The photothermal, electric thermal and photoelectric thermal ice melting performance of the rubbed product was tested. The test method is the same as above, and the results are as follows: Figure 8 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 It can be seen that the time required for photothermal ice melting is about 109s, the time required for electric thermal ice melting is about 89s, and the time required for photothermal ice melting is only about 71s, which are all shorter than the corresponding ice melting time of the above-mentioned unfrictioned products.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, and the steps included are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the differences are reflected in the following two aspects. In step (1), a template having a micro-pyramid structure array on the surface is manufactured, and the bottom side length of each micro-pyramid is 110 μm, the height is 110 μm, and the center distance between two adjacent micro-pyramids is 120 μm.

[0051] Fig.11 The scanning electron microscope photo of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment is shown. It can be seen that the surface has a regularly arranged concave pyramid microstructure array, and the center distance between two adjacent concave pyramids is 120 μm.

[0052] Fig.12 The wetting state of a water droplet (4 μL) on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment is shown. The contact angle of the water droplet on the surface is 150.1°, and the rolling angle is about 8°, which indicates that the surface exhibits static superhydrophobicity and low adhesion properties.

[0053] The photothermal, electric thermal and photoelectric thermal ice melting performance tests were conducted on the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / deicing product with a surface micro-nano structure, which includes the same steps as those of the first embodiment, and the differences are reflected in the following three aspects. In step (1), a template with a micro-pentagonal structure array on the surface is manufactured by laser etching, wherein the bottom side length of each micro-pentagonal is 100 μm, the height is 150 μm, and the center distance between two adjacent micro-pentagonal pyramids is 180 μm; in step (2), nano carbon black (CB) is added to ethyl acetate, and a CB dispersion is obtained after mechanical stirring and ultrasonic oscillation; the dispersion is sprayed onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template in the injection mold cavity to form a uniformly distributed CB coating with a thickness of about 10 μm; in step (3), polypropylene is melted and mixed into a melt by an injection molding machine, and the melt is injected into the mold cavity. Under the action of the filling pressure, the melt fills the mold cavity, and the melt is pressure-maintained, cooled and shaped to obtain a three-layer anti-icing / deicing product with a surface micro-nano structure.

[0056] The photothermal, electric thermal and photoelectric thermal ice melting performance tests were conducted on the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, and the steps included are the same as those of the embodiment 3, and the differences are reflected in the following three aspects. In step (1), the template manufactured is a micro-cylinder structure array template, each micro-cylinder has a diameter of 50 μm and a height of 50 μm, and the center distance between two adjacent micro-cylinders is 100 μm; in step (2), the nano-carbon material used is graphene; in step (3), the polymer material used is polyethylene.

[0059] The photothermal, electric thermal and photoelectric thermal ice melting performance tests were conducted on the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment.

[0060] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, characterized in that: It includes the following three steps: (1) manufacturing a template having a microstructure array on its surface, and fixing the template in a mold cavity; (2) preparing a dispersion of nano-carbon-based materials and spraying it onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template in the mold cavity to form a uniformly distributed nano-carbon-based material coating; (3) Using compression molding or injection molding methods, three-layer anti-icing / de-icing products with surface micro-nano structures are manufactured.

2. A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the method for manufacturing the template having a microstructure array on the surface is precision milling or laser etching, and the microstructure array is a micro-pyramid, micro-polygonal pyramid or micro-cylinder array.

3. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the nano-carbon material used is carbon nanotube, nano-carbon black, graphene or carbon nanofiber; the nano-carbon material can be hydrophobically modified, and the hydrophobic modifier is fluorosilane or silane coupling agent.

4. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the polymer material used for compression molding or injection molding is thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate.

5. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when compression molding is used to manufacture a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, a polymer material sheet is placed on a template sprayed with a nano-carbon material coating in a mold cavity, the mold is heated to melt the polymer material sheet, and the melt fills the mold cavity under pressure. After pressure maintenance, cooling and shaping, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

6. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when injection molding is used to manufacture a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, an injection molding machine is used to melt and mix the polymer material into a melt, and the melt is injected into a mold cavity fixed with a template sprayed with a nano-carbon material coating. Under the action of the filling pressure or the mold compression force, the melt fills the mold cavity. After the melt is pressure-maintained, cooled and shaped, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

7. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the microstructure on the surface of the three-layer polymer material product with a surface micro-nano structure is a concave pyramid, a concave polygonal pyramid or a circular hole; the characteristic size and center distance of the microstructure are both 10 to 500 μm; the characteristic size of the submicron or nanoscale structure formed by the nanocarbon material agglomerates on the surface of the microstructure is 5 to 800 nm; and along the thickness direction of the product, it is divided into a nanocarbon material surface layer, a polymer material / nanocarbon material mixed layer and a polymer material layer.

8. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), during the melt filling process, under the action of pressure, the melt is filled into the microstructure array flow channel on the template to form a microstructure on the surface of the product; The melt fully wets the nano-carbon material coating on the surface of the template, penetrates into the gaps in the coating, and mixes with the nano-carbon material under the action of the local flow field to form a polymer material / nano-carbon material mixed layer with a certain thickness; The melt not mixed with the nano-carbon material forms a polymer material matrix layer; a small amount of submicron or nano-scale nano-carbon material agglomerates exposed on the surface of the mixed layer forms a nano-carbon material surface layer, which together with the microstructure of the product surface constitutes a surface micro-nano structure.

9. The use of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working principle of active anti-icing is that the micro-nano structure on the surface gives it super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, making it easy to remove droplets and ice droplets on the surface; the contact area between the droplets and the surface of the product is small, and the air trapped in the micro-nano structure can increase the thermal resistance between the water droplets and the surface, effectively prolonging the freezing time of the droplets stationary on the surface; the working principle of passive anti-icing / de-icing is that the surface micro-nano structure has the property of light trapping, which makes the incident sunlight more absorbed by the surface layer of nano-carbon materials and undergoes photothermal conversion, so that the temperature of the surface layer increases rapidly, and the heat is transferred to the area with lower surface temperature through the surface layer and mixed layer with higher thermal conductivity, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of heat distribution on the surface of the product and quickly melt the ice droplets or ice layers on the surface; the surface layer and the mixed layer have higher electrical conductivity, and when direct current is passed, Joule heat can be generated on the surface of the product to rapidly increase the surface temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of passive anti-icing / de-icing.

10. The use of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The product is manufactured by the manufacturing method of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion properties of the micro-nano structure on the surface of the product are used for active anti-icing, and the photothermal and / or electrothermal effects of the surface layer of the nano-carbon material and the mixed layer of the polymer material / nano-carbon material are used for passive anti-icing and ice melting.

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