Inclined shaft TBM of pumped storage power station and expanding excavation mechanical construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a pumped storage power station inclined shaft TBM and an expanding excavation mechanical construction method. The TBM comprises a shield body, a conical expanding excavation cutterhead is arranged at the front end of the shield body, a main drive is arranged in the shield body, the conical expanding excavation cutterhead is connected with the main drive through a main bearing, and a plurality of front supports and rear supports are arranged on the peripheral sides of the front end and the rear end of the shield body respectively; the shield body between the front support and the rear support is provided with a thrust oil cylinder and a driving support shoe, and the pumped storage power station inclined shaft TBM creeps and advances under the cooperation of the front support, the rear support, the thrust oil cylinder and the driving support shoe. Besides, by means of the mechanical construction method of the pilot shaft and TBM expanding excavation, the problems that construction guidance and the hole forming body type are not easy to control, the excavated hole is poor in flatness, poor in safety and the like existing in excavation of a drilling and blasting method can be solved, excavation of a traditional drilling and blasting method is eliminated, the hole forming quality is improved, disturbance to surrounding rock is reduced, and potential safety hazards are reduced; safe and efficient excavation of the water diversion inclined shaft in the pumped storage power station is guaranteed, and the construction period of key lines is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pumped storage power station construction, and in particular relates to a pumped storage power station inclined shaft TBM and a mechanized excavation construction method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in my country, the construction of water diversion inclined shafts in the construction of pumped storage power stations is generally carried out by drilling and blasting. However, there are many disadvantages in the construction of drilling and blasting, including: the difficulty of guiding control during the construction process, which makes it difficult to control the shape of the hole; the flatness of the excavated hole is not good, and there are generally problems of over-excavation and under-excavation; the construction speed is slow; and the construction safety is poor. These problems seriously restrict the safe and efficient construction of the water diversion inclined shaft of the pumped storage power station, making the water diversion inclined shaft often become the key line of the project construction, increasing the risk and cost of the project.

[0003] Compared with the traditional drilling and blasting method, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) can achieve a speed of 4 to 10 times that of the conventional drilling and blasting method, and the best daily advance can reach 150 meters. TBM construction has the advantages of fast, high-quality, safe, economical, environmentally friendly and labor protection. In particular, its efficient and fast construction capacity can enable the project to be completed ahead of schedule, thereby creating economic value in advance. TBM has shown significant advantages in excavation efficiency, construction cycle, safety, surrounding rock stability, excavation accuracy and flatness. For inclined shaft projects with formed caverns in the lower part, a reverse well drilling rig can be used to complete the excavation of a small-diameter vertical shaft, and then a hole-expanding TBM can be used to expand the water diversion inclined shaft. This not only provides a free surface for the expansion of the water diversion inclined shaft, but also provides a slag channel for top-down excavation.

[0004] Despite this, there are relatively few studies on the TBM and its construction methods for the inclined shaft of pumped storage power stations. The relevant research mainly focuses on the inclined shaft TBM machinery and its construction methods. The existing non-explosive rock breaking technology, especially the inclined shaft reaming tunnel boring machine technology, represents an important direction for the development of inclined shaft construction technology. This technology has the advantages of low safety risk, high construction efficiency, small surrounding rock disturbance, and high degree of mechanization. However, in China, the application of inclined shaft reaming tunnel boring machines is not yet widespread, and there is currently no successful case of using inclined shaft reaming tunnel boring machines to construct water diversion inclined shafts. Summary of the invention

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide a TBM for an inclined shaft of a pumped-storage power station.

[0006] To this end, the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A pumped storage power station inclined shaft TBM, comprising a shield body, a conical excavation cutter disc is provided at the front end of the shield body, a main drive is provided in the shield body, and the conical excavation cutter disc is connected to the main drive via a main bearing, characterized in that: a plurality of front supports are provided at the periphery of the front end of the shield body, and a plurality of rear supports are provided at the periphery of the rear end of the shield body;

[0008] A propulsion cylinder and active support shoes are provided on the shield body between the front support and the rear support, and the TBM of the inclined shaft of the pumped storage power station creeps forward under the cooperation of the front support, the rear support, the propulsion cylinder and the active support shoes.

[0009] While adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention may also adopt or combine the following technical solutions:

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the conical excavation cutter disc is provided with a scraping component and a disc-shaped roller located inside the scraping component.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: a rear end of the shield body is provided with a rear matching trolley for assisting the operation.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the front end and the rear end of the shield body are connected via a main beam, one end of the main beam is connected to the main drive, and the other end of the main beam is connected to the rear end of the shield body.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: a concrete spraying machine is arranged near the active support shoe, and concrete is sprayed on the rock wall when the support shoe encounters a fracture zone or a broken zone, so as to ensure the integrity of the rock wall when the support shoe is tightened.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: an advanced geological detector is provided near the front support to detect the geological conditions of the surrounding rock in front of the TBM, and the TBM excavation parameters are adjusted according to the geological conditions in front to ensure the TBM excavation efficiency.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanized construction method for excavation expansion.

[0016] To this end, the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0017] According to the aforementioned mechanized construction method for expanding the TBM of the inclined shaft of the pumped storage power station, the following steps are included:

[0018] S1: Excavate the upper horizontal tunnel of the water diversion and provide support. Excavate the assembly cavern and the launching well downward from the upper horizontal tunnel of the water diversion. Construct the lock mouth and ring beam foundation at the launching well mouth. Arrange the gantry crane system above the assembly cavern to hoist the mechanical equipment. Use a breaker and a long-arm excavator to excavate downward to form a launching well with a depth of 10m and a diameter of 8m, and form a launching platform at the bottom of the launching well.

[0019] S2: Install a directional drilling rig on the launching platform, and use the directional drilling rig to drill a φ410mm directional hole from top to bottom along the central axis of the water diversion inclined shaft to meet the drill pipe diameter required for the construction of the raise drilling rig; install a wireless inclinometer while drilling after the directional hole exceeds 30m, and under the guidance of its measurement parameters, perform directional control on the drilling trajectory to improve the accuracy of the directional hole; until the directional hole penetrates to the water diversion horizontal tunnel, the directional hole construction is completed, remove the directional drill bit and the supporting inclination measurement and correction equipment, and use the gantry crane system to remove the directional drilling rig and auxiliary equipment;

[0020] S3: Install the main engine and auxiliary pump stations of the raise drilling rig on the starting platform, and use the raise drilling rig to construct a φ2m pilot well from bottom to top along the φ410mm pilot hole; lower the drill rod of the raise drilling rig along the φ410mm pilot hole to the lower end of the water diversion inclined shaft, transport the φ2m diameter raise drilling reaming drill bit to the lower end of the water diversion inclined shaft through the construction branch tunnel and the water diversion lower horizontal tunnel, connect it to the raise drilling rig drill rod, and then slowly lift the reaming drill bit to carry out reaming construction from bottom to top; after the φ2m pilot well reaming is completed, use the gantry crane system to dismantle the raise drilling rig and auxiliary equipment;

[0021] S4: Assemble the inclined shaft reamer inside the starting shaft. When the TBM is assembled, enter the on-site commissioning phase, mainly commissioning the hydraulic system, electrical system, and PLC control system;

[0022] S5: TBM starts excavation according to design requirements. The excavated slag slides into the bottom of the inclined shaft through the pilot shaft, and the slag is discharged by dump trucks at the bottom of the pilot shaft.

[0023] S6: During the rock breaking process of the TBM, the active support shoes and the rear support are tightly supported on the cave wall. At this stage, the entire system is supported by the active support shoes and the rear support of the TBM;

[0024] S7: During the advancement process, the thrust cylinders on the sides of the main beam begin to extend, pushing the TBM forward. The main drive drives the cutterhead to rotate, which drives the disc cutter to squeeze and shear the rock in front. The scraper moves back and forth to discharge the broken rock into the guide tunnel.

[0025] S8: After a digging process is completed, the TBM starts to change steps, the active support shoes and the rear support shrink, the thrust cylinder starts to shrink, driving the TBM forward, and the front support tightening force increases. At this stage, the entire TBM is supported by the front support shoes;

[0026] S9: The step-changing process is completed, and the TBM active support shoe and rear support again hold the tunnel wall tight for the next cycle of excavation;

[0027] S10: The excavation of the water diversion inclined shaft is completed, and the TBM is assembled in the assembly chamber of the 1# water diversion upper horizontal tunnel. The TBM first completes the construction of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft. After the excavation construction of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft is completed, the TBM is dismantled in the disassembly chamber of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft, and then transferred from the 1# construction branch tunnel to the 2# water diversion inclined shaft for assembly and excavation. The TBM assembly, excavation and disassembly process of the two water diversion inclined shafts is the same. This construction group only introduces the assembly, excavation and disassembly construction in the 1# water diversion inclined shaft in detail.

[0028] The present invention provides a mechanized construction method for TBM and expansion excavation of an inclined shaft of a pumped-storage power station. The TBM of the inclined shaft of the pumped-storage power station can creep forward under the cooperation of a front support, a rear support, a propulsion cylinder and an active support shoe. In addition, the mechanical construction method of a pilot shaft + TBM expansion excavation can solve the problems of difficult control of construction guidance and hole shape, poor flatness of the excavated hole, and poor safety in the drilling and blasting excavation method. The method gets rid of the traditional drilling and blasting excavation method, improves the hole quality, reduces the disturbance to the surrounding rock, reduces safety hazards, ensures safe and efficient excavation of the water diversion inclined shaft in the pumped-storage power station, and reduces the construction period of key lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the inclined shaft TBM of the pumped storage power station provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] A pumped storage power station inclined shaft TBM, comprising a shield body 3, a conical expansion cutter head 1 is provided at the front end of the shield body 3, a main drive 4 is provided inside the shield body 3, the conical expansion cutter head 1 is connected to the main drive 4 via a main bearing 2, a plurality of front supports 5 are provided around the front end of the shield body 3, and a plurality of rear supports 11 are provided around the rear end of the shield body;

[0032] A propulsion cylinder 6 and an active support shoe 9 are provided on the shield body 3 between the front support 5 and the rear support 11. The TBM of the inclined shaft of the pumped storage power station creeps forward with the cooperation of the front support 5, the rear support 11, the propulsion cylinder 6 and the active support shoe 9.

[0033] The conical expansion cutter disc 1 is provided with a scraping component 101 and a disc cutter 102 located inside the scraping component 101. The conical expansion cutter disc 1 is a conical cutter disc with a heavy-duty structure, and the conical expansion cutter disc 1 is connected to the main bearing 2. The conical expansion cutter disc is arranged with a 17-inch (432mm) disc-shaped center cutter, a 19-inch (483mm) single-edge front cutter and an edge cutter. All cutters are back-mounted, and the cutters are installed by wedge locking, so that the load can be evenly transmitted to the cutter seat and the cutter disc.

[0034] A rear supporting trolley 10 is provided at the rear end of the shield body 3 .

[0035] The front end and the rear end of the shield body 3 are connected via a main beam 7 , one end of the main beam 7 is connected to the main drive 4 , and the other end of the main beam 7 is connected to the rear end of the shield body 3 .

[0036] A concrete sprayer 8 is provided near the active support shoe 9 to spray concrete on the rock wall when the support shoe encounters a fracture zone or a broken zone to ensure the integrity of the rock wall when the support shoe is tightened. An advanced geological detector 12 is provided near the front support 5 to detect the geological conditions of the surrounding rock in front of the TBM, adjust the TBM excavation parameters according to the geological conditions in front, and ensure the TBM excavation efficiency.

[0037] A mechanized construction method for TBM excavation of a water diversion inclined shaft of a pumped storage power station comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1: Excavate the upper horizontal tunnel of the water diversion and provide support. Excavate the assembly cavern and the launching well downward from the upper horizontal tunnel of the water diversion. Construct the lock mouth and ring beam foundation at the launching well mouth. Arrange the gantry crane system above the assembly cavern to hoist the mechanical equipment. Use a breaker and a long-arm excavator to excavate downward to form a launching well with a depth of 10m and a diameter of 8m, and form a launching platform at the bottom of the launching well.

[0039] S2: Install a directional drilling rig on the launching platform, and use the directional drilling rig to drill a φ410mm directional hole from top to bottom along the central axis of the water diversion inclined shaft to meet the drill pipe diameter required for the construction of the raise drilling rig; install a wireless inclinometer while drilling after the directional hole exceeds 30m, and under the guidance of its measurement parameters, perform directional control on the drilling trajectory to improve the accuracy of the directional hole; until the directional hole penetrates to the water diversion horizontal tunnel, the directional hole construction is completed, remove the directional drill bit and the supporting inclination measurement and correction equipment, and use the gantry crane system to remove the directional drilling rig and auxiliary equipment;

[0040] S3: Install the main engine and auxiliary pump stations of the raise drilling rig on the starting platform, and use the raise drilling rig to construct a φ2m pilot well from bottom to top along the φ410mm pilot hole; lower the drill rod of the raise drilling rig along the φ410mm pilot hole to the lower end of the water diversion inclined shaft, transport the φ2m diameter raise drilling reaming drill bit to the lower end of the water diversion inclined shaft through the construction branch tunnel and the water diversion lower horizontal tunnel, connect it to the raise drilling rig drill rod, and then slowly lift the reaming drill bit to carry out reaming construction from bottom to top; after the φ2m pilot well reaming is completed, use the gantry crane system to dismantle the raise drilling rig and auxiliary equipment;

[0041] S4: In order to facilitate the excavation of TBM equipment, the original two-stage inclined shaft design was optimized to a one-stage inclined shaft, and the hole diameter was unified to 6.5m.

[0042] Assemble the inclined shaft reamer inside the starting shaft. When the TBM is assembled, enter the on-site commissioning phase, mainly commissioning the hydraulic system, electrical system, and PLC control system;

[0043] S41: TBM is assembled in the assembly cavern, which is arranged in the upper horizontal tunnel section of the water diversion. The cross section after support is a gate-type expansion tunnel of 15m (width) × 20m (height) × 40m (length). In front of the assembly tunnel is a 37m-long horseshoe-shaped step-in starting tunnel, and the starting tunnel section size is 37m × 6m × 8.2m;

[0044] S42: The TBM equipment includes a conical excavation cutter disc 1, a shield body 3, a main drive 4, a propulsion cylinder 6 and a rear supporting trolley 10. The overall assembly of the TBM is in the order from front to back. The conical excavation cutter disc 1 is assembled in blocks, and the two unequal halves are assembled together. The conical excavation cutter disc 1 includes a slag scraper component 101 and a disc cutter 102. The conical excavation cutter disc 1 is a conical cutter disc with a heavy-duty structure. The conical excavation cutter disc 1 is connected to the main bearing 2. A 17-inch (432mm) disc center cutter, a 19-inch (483mm) single-edged front cutter and an edge cutter are arranged on the conical excavation cutter disc 1. All cutters are back-mounted, and the cutters are installed with wedge locking. The load can be evenly transferred to the cutter seat and the cutter disc;

[0045] S43: The rear end of the main bearing 2 is connected to the main drive 4, and the main drive 4 drives the conical excavation cutter head to squeeze and destroy the rock through the main bearing 2. The main drive 4 is connected to the main beam 7, and the thrust cylinder 6 is located on the main beam 7. The TBM is pushed forward by contracting the thrust cylinder 6;

[0046] S44: After the TBM is assembled, it enters the on-site debugging phase, mainly debugging the hydraulic system, electrical system, and PLC control system.

[0047] S5: TBM excavated and advanced according to the designed excavation section of 7.2m and 39° climbing requirements. The excavated slag slid into the bottom of the inclined shaft through the pilot shaft, and the slag was discharged by dump trucks at the bottom of the pilot shaft.

[0048] S6: During the rock breaking process of the TBM, the active support shoe 9 and the rear support 11 are tightly supported on the cave wall. At this stage, the entire system is supported by the active support shoe 9 and the rear support 11 of the TBM;

[0049] S7: During the advancement process, the advancement cylinder 6 on the main beam 7 begins to extend, pushing the TBM forward, and the main drive 4 drives the conical excavation cutter head 1 to rotate. The rotation of the conical excavation cutter head 1 drives the disc cutter 102 to squeeze and shear the rock in front, and the scraper component 101 is moved back and forth to discharge the broken rock into the guide tunnel;

[0050] S8: After a digging process is completed, the TBM starts to change steps, the active support shoe 9 and the rear support 11 shrink, the thrust cylinder 6 starts to shrink, driving the TBM forward, and the tightening force of the front support 5 increases. At this stage, the entire TBM is supported by the front support shoe 5;

[0051] S9: The step-changing process is completed, and the TBM active support shoe 9 and the rear support 11 hold the tunnel wall tightly again to carry out the next cycle of excavation;

[0052] S10: The excavation of the water diversion inclined shaft is completed, and the TBM is assembled in the assembly chamber of the 1# water diversion upper horizontal tunnel. The TBM first completes the construction of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft. After the excavation construction of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft is completed, the TBM is dismantled in the disassembly chamber of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft, and then transferred from the 1# construction branch tunnel to the 2# water diversion inclined shaft for assembly and excavation. The TBM assembly, excavation and disassembly process of the two water diversion inclined shafts is the same. This construction group only introduces the assembly, excavation and disassembly construction in the 1# water diversion inclined shaft in detail.

[0053] The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are used to explain the present invention and are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pumped storage power station inclined shaft TBM, comprising a shield body (3), a conical expansion cutter disc (1) is provided at the front end of the shield body (3), a main drive (4) is provided inside the shield body (3), and the conical expansion cutter disc (1) is connected to the main drive (4) via a main bearing (2), characterized in that: A plurality of front supports (5) are provided on the peripheral side of the front end of the shield body (3), and a plurality of rear supports (11) are provided on the peripheral side of the rear end of the shield body; A propulsion cylinder (6) and an active support shoe (9) are provided on the shield body (3) between the front support (5) and the rear support (11), and the TBM of the inclined shaft of the pumped storage power station creeps forward under the cooperation of the front support (5), the rear support (11), the propulsion cylinder (6) and the active support shoe (9).

2. The inclined shaft TBM of a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical excavation cutter disc (1) is provided with a scraping component (101) and a disc-shaped roller cutter (102) located inside the scraping component (101).

3. The inclined shaft TBM of a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rear matching trolley (10) is provided at the rear end of the shield body (3).

4. The inclined shaft TBM of a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end and rear end of the shield body (3) are connected via a main beam (7), one end of the main beam (7) is connected to a main drive (4), and the other end of the main beam (7) is connected to the rear end of the shield body (3).

5. The inclined shaft TBM of a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: A concrete spraying machine (8) is arranged near the active support shoe (9).

6. The inclined shaft TBM of a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: An advanced geological detector (12) is arranged near the front support (5).

7. The mechanized construction method for expanding and excavating the inclined shaft TBM of a pumped storage power station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Excavate the upper horizontal tunnel of the water diversion and provide support. Excavate the assembly cavern and the launching well downward from the upper horizontal tunnel of the water diversion. Construct the lock mouth and ring beam foundation at the launching well mouth. Arrange the gantry crane system above the assembly cavern to hoist the mechanical equipment. Use a breaker and a long-arm excavator to excavate downward to form a launching well with a depth of 10m and a diameter of 8m, and form a launching platform at the bottom of the launching well. S2: Install a directional drilling rig on the launching platform and use it to drill a φ410mm directional hole from top to bottom along the central axis of the water diversion inclined shaft to meet the drill pipe diameter required for the raise drilling rig construction; When the directional hole exceeds 30m, a wireless inclinometer is installed. Under the guidance of its measurement parameters, the drilling trajectory is directional controlled to improve the accuracy of the directional hole. When the directional hole is connected to the water diversion horizontal tunnel, the directional hole construction is completed, the directional drill bit and the supporting inclination measurement and correction equipment are removed, and the directional drilling rig and auxiliary equipment are removed using the gantry crane system. S3: Install the main engine and auxiliary pump stations of the raise drilling rig on the starting platform, and use the raise drilling rig to construct a φ2m pilot well from bottom to top along the φ410mm pilot hole; lower the drill rod of the raise drilling rig along the φ410mm pilot hole to the lower end of the water diversion inclined shaft, transport the φ2m diameter raise drilling reaming drill bit to the lower end of the water diversion inclined shaft through the construction branch tunnel and the water diversion lower horizontal tunnel, connect it to the raise drilling rig drill rod, and then slowly lift the reaming drill bit to carry out reaming construction from bottom to top; after the φ2m pilot well reaming is completed, use the gantry crane system to dismantle the raise drilling rig and auxiliary equipment; S4: Assemble the inclined shaft reamer inside the starting shaft. When the TBM is assembled, enter the on-site commissioning phase, mainly commissioning the hydraulic system, electrical system, and PLC control system; S5: TBM starts excavation according to design requirements. The excavated slag slides into the bottom of the inclined shaft through the pilot shaft, and the slag is discharged by dump trucks at the bottom of the pilot shaft. S6: During the rock breaking process of the TBM, the active support shoe (9) and the rear support (11) are tightly supported on the cave wall. At this stage, the entire system is supported by the active support shoe (9) and the rear support (11) of the TBM; S7: During the advancement process, the advancement cylinder (6) on the side of the main beam (7) begins to extend, pushing the TBM forward, the main drive (4) drives the cutterhead (1) to rotate, and the rotation of the cutterhead (1) drives the disc cutter (102) to squeeze and shear the rock in front, and the scraper component (101) is moved back and forth to discharge the broken rock into the guide tunnel; S8: After a digging process is completed, the TBM starts to change steps, the active support shoe (9) and the rear support (11) are retracted, the thrust cylinder (6) starts to retract, driving the TBM to move forward, and the tightening force of the front support (5) increases. At this stage, the entire TBM is supported by the front support shoe (5); S9: The step-changing process is completed, and the TBM active support shoe (9) and the rear support (11) hold the tunnel wall tight again to carry out the next cycle of excavation; S10: After the excavation of the water diversion inclined shaft is completed, the TBM is assembled in the assembly chamber of the 1# water diversion upper horizontal tunnel. The TBM first completes the construction of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft. After the excavation construction of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft is completed, the TBM is dismantled in the disassembly chamber of the 1# water diversion inclined shaft, and then transferred from the 1# construction branch tunnel to the 2# water diversion inclined shaft for assembly and excavation. The TBM assembly, excavation and disassembly process of the two water diversion inclined shafts is the same.

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