Ladle body overturning type steel ladle baking system and baking method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a ladle body turnover type steel ladle baking system and a baking method thereof. The system comprises a steel ladle, a rotating mechanism, a top burner device and a bottom burner device. Alternate overturning of the steel ladle is controlled through the rotating mechanism to cooperate with alternate operation of the top burner device and the bottom burner device of the steel ladle, so that scrap steel in the steel ladle can be overturned, meanwhile, the steel ladle and the scrap steel can be baked from the upper side and the lower side in the steel ladle, the scrap steel in all areas and all depths in the steel ladle can be effectively impacted, and the service life of the steel ladle is prolonged. Compared with a traditional mode, the preheating and soaking effects of the scrap steel are enhanced, local cold areas caused by the too low temperature of the scrap steel disappear, and the steel ladle and scrap steel preheating and soaking device has the advantages that the preheating and soaking effects of the steel ladle and the scrap steel are good, the service life of the steel ladle is long, and the investment and operation cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to steel production equipment and method, in particular to a ladle body turnover type ladle baking system and a baking method thereof, belonging to the technical field of steel production. Background Art

[0002] In the steelmaking process, the ladle is an important device used to receive high-temperature molten steel at the lower part of the discharge port of steelmaking equipment such as converters or electric furnaces, and transport the molten steel to the back-end refining process. A cold ladle at room temperature cannot directly receive molten steel at up to 2000 degrees Celsius, which will cause the refractory of the ladle to crack and break instantly. Therefore, before receiving molten steel, it is usually necessary to bake the ladle as a whole to above 1150 degrees Celsius with an external burner heat source, and then use a hot ladle to receive the molten steel. In the current market, some repurchased scrap steel has good quality and purity, and does not need to be smelted in a converter or electric furnace. It can generally be directly added to the back-end refining process. However, adding cold scrap steel directly to the refining will cause local cold zones in the furnace. Therefore, before the ladle is baked, adding an appropriate amount of scrap steel so that the ladle can be baked and preheated with the scrap steel, and then receive molten steel and go to the refining process together has become a common method to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the current industry market. However, at present, the ladle baking device that uses a large proportion of scrap steel has the following three major defects in the production process.

[0003] (1) Poor preheating and equalization of scrap steel: After a large proportion of scrap steel is added, it will accumulate into a thick column in the ladle, which will affect or even hinder the flame of the top burner from transferring heat downward. This will cause the scrap steel on the top to be baked to a molten state by the high-temperature flame, while the scrap steel at the bottom has not yet heated up in time. After the ladle receives the molten steel, a local cold zone will form at the bottom, causing the molten steel to condense. This will not only hinder the implementation of the argon bottom blowing process at the bottom of the ladle in the back-end refining process, but the condensed molten steel will also continue to adhere to the bottom of the ladle, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of times the ladle can be used.

[0004] (2) Poor ladle baking quality: As mentioned above, since the heat from the burner flame cannot be transmitted to the bottom of the ladle, the temperature at the bottom of the ladle cannot be effectively increased synchronously, which loses the original purpose of baking the ladle. When it suddenly comes into contact with ultra-high temperature molten steel, it is easy to cause cracking, breakage and other accidents.

[0005] (3) Short life of ladle lining: On the one hand, the quality of ladle baking deteriorates, and on the other hand, the molten steel will continue to stick to the bottom of the ladle, resulting in a significant shortening of the life cycle of the ladle lining, which greatly increases the production cost. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art of adding scrap steel into the ladle and coordinating the baking of the ladle, such as poor preheating and equalizing effect of the scrap steel, poor ladle baking quality, short life of the ladle lining, the present invention provides a ladle body flipping type ladle baking system and a method for baking the ladle using the system, by alternately flipping the ladle and coordinating the alternating operation of the top burner device and the bottom burner device of the ladle, the scrap steel in the ladle can be flipped and the ladle and the scrap steel can be baked from the upper and lower sides of the ladle, so that the scrap steel in various areas and depths in the ladle can be effectively impacted, and the scrap steel in the bottom layer can also be well baked. The preheating and equalizing effect of the scrap steel will be enhanced compared with the traditional mode, and the local cold zone caused by the excessively low temperature of the scrap steel will also disappear. The system has the characteristics of good preheating and equalizing effect of the ladle and the scrap steel, long service life of the ladle, low investment and operation costs, etc.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is specifically described as follows:

[0008] According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a ladle body turning type ladle baking system is provided:

[0009] A ladle-turning type ladle baking system, the system comprises a ladle, a rotating mechanism, a top burner device and a bottom burner device. The rotating mechanism comprises a load-bearing frame and a rotating arm, two load-bearing frames are vertically arranged on the bottom surface, a rotating arm is respectively arranged at the middle and upper parts of the two load-bearing frames, and the outer ends of the two rotating arms extend relative to each other. The side walls of the ladle are respectively connected to the outer ends of the two rotating arms. The top burner device is arranged at the top of the ladle. The bottom burner device is arranged at the bottom end of the ladle. A rotating motor is also arranged on the load-bearing frame, and the rotating motor drives the rotating arm to drive the ladle to turn up and down alternately.

[0010] Preferably, the top burner device comprises a top reversing mechanism, a top gas pipeline, a top air pipeline and a top smoke pipeline. The top reversing mechanism is arranged at the top of the ladle, and the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism is connected with a top nozzle facing the inside of the ladle. The top gas pipeline, the top air pipeline and the top smoke pipeline are all connected to the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom burner device comprises a bottom reversing mechanism, a bottom gas pipeline, a bottom air pipeline and a bottom smoke pipeline. The bottom reversing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the ladle, and the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism is connected with a bottom nozzle facing the inside of the ladle. The bottom gas pipeline, the bottom air pipeline and the bottom smoke pipeline are all connected to the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the top reversing mechanism includes a top shell, a top rotating shaft, a top rotating sealing plate and a top limiting plugging plate. The top rotating sealing plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the top shell, and divides the inner cavity of the top shell into a top left chamber and a top right chamber. The top flue gas duct is connected to the top left chamber. The top gas pipeline, the top air duct and the top burner are all connected to the top right chamber. The upper end of the top rotating sealing plate is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the top shell through the top rotating shaft, and the lower end of the top rotating sealing plate extends vertically to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell, and is in contact with the top limiting plugging plate vertically arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell, and the top limiting plugging plate is located on the side of the top rotating sealing plate close to the top left chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom reversing mechanism includes a bottom shell, a bottom rotating shaft, a bottom rotating sealing plate and a bottom limiting plugging plate. The bottom rotating sealing plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom shell, and divides the inner cavity of the bottom shell into a bottom left chamber and a bottom right chamber. The bottom gas pipeline, the bottom air pipeline and the bottom burner are all connected to the bottom left chamber. The bottom flue gas duct is connected to the bottom right chamber. The lower end of the bottom rotating sealing plate is connected to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell through the bottom rotating shaft, and the upper end of the bottom rotating sealing plate extends vertically to the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell, and is in contact with the bottom limiting plugging plate vertically arranged on the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell, and the bottom limiting plugging plate is located on the side of the bottom rotating sealing plate close to the bottom right chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the rotating mechanism further comprises an electromagnetic suction head and an electromagnetic motor. The electromagnetic suction head is arranged at the outer ends of the two rotating arms. The electromagnetic motor electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction head is arranged on the load-bearing frame.

[0015] Preferably, the system further comprises a spring weighing device, wherein the spring weighing device is arranged between the load-bearing frame and the ground.

[0016] Preferably, the system further comprises a control device, which is electrically connected to the rotating mechanism, the top burner device and the bottom burner device, and the working state of the rotating mechanism, the top burner device and the bottom burner device is regulated by the control device. At the same time, the control device is also electrically connected to the spring weighing device, so as to receive the scrap steel weight data fed back by the spring weighing device.

[0017] In the present invention, the control device has no fixed set point for its setting position. It can be set beside the system for control, or it can be remotely controlled by a remote central control room, according to the actual working conditions, as long as it can meet the control function of the system. The control device of the present invention belongs to the mature periodic reciprocating control device category products (existing products can be directly purchased from the market, and only the corresponding parameters need to be adjusted according to the working conditions), such as the control system of the periodic reversal of the lime double-chamber kiln. Any existing control device can be used in the present invention as long as it can periodically rotate the ladle and turn on the corresponding burner function at the same time.

[0018] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a ladle baking method is provided:

[0019] A ladle baking method or a method for baking a ladle using the ladle body flipping type ladle baking system according to the first embodiment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0020] 1) The ladle containing scrap steel is fixed by a rotating mechanism and the initial state of the ladle is vertical, and a top burner device and a bottom burner device are respectively installed on the top and bottom of the ladle.

[0021] 2) According to the total mass and average particle size of the scrap steel in the ladle, the electromagnetic power and preheating coefficient when baking the ladle are calculated.

[0022] 3) Based on the calculated preheating coefficient, the rotation speed of the ladle when it is turned over and the gas flow rate and baking time for baking the ladle when it is in a vertical state are calculated.

[0023] 4) In the initial state of the ladle, the top burner device is first used to bake the ladle according to the calculated gas flow rate and baking time, and then the ladle is turned 180° according to the calculated electromagnetic power and rotation speed, and then the bottom burner device is used to bake the ladle with the same gas flow rate and baking time, and then the ladle is turned back 180° with the same electromagnetic power and rotation speed, and then the top burner device is used to continue baking the ladle with the same gas flow rate and baking time, and this cycle is repeated until the ladle meets the requirements for holding molten steel.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, step 2) is specifically as follows: the mass of the empty ladle is set as W1, kg. The total mass of the scrap steel in the ladle is detected by the spring weighing device (5) and recorded as W2, kg. Then the electromagnetic power σ, kW required for baking the ladle is:

[0025] σ=(W1+W2)*g*λ(I).

[0026] The preheating coefficient β when the ladle is baked, kJ / mm is:

[0027] β=(W1*Cp*Tp) / d(II).

[0028] In formulas (I)-(II): g is the gravitational acceleration coefficient, N / kg. λ is the electromagnetic force conversion coefficient, which is 0.1-1, kW / N. Cp is the average specific heat capacity of scrap steel, kJ / (kg·℃). Tp is the average target temperature of the scrap steel to be preheated, ℃. d is the average particle size of the scrap steel, mm.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the power output of the electromagnetic motor is divided into two parts: the first part is the ordinary power, which plays a role in fixing the ladle in the initial state of the ladle; the second part is the rotational power, which plays a role in turning over the ladle together with the scrap steel inside. The electromagnetic power calculated in formula (I) of the present invention refers to the rotational electromagnetic power (i.e., the second part of the rotational power) used to satisfy the turning of the ladle together with the scrap steel inside it after weighing.

[0030] Preferably, step 3) is as follows: the rotation speed of the ladle when it is turned over is recorded as V, in degrees / min. The baking time of the ladle when it is in a vertical position is recorded as t, in minutes. The gas flow rate of the ladle when it is in a vertical position is recorded as ω, in meters. 3 / min. Then:

[0031] V=a*β+b (III).

[0032] t=180 / V+c (IV).

[0033] It should be noted that the value 180 in formula (IV) has a unit of °, that is, it should be 180°; it is just written into the equation of the formula as a numerical calculation without units, so it is only written as the value 180.

[0034] ω=(d*β) / (Cq*t)(V).

[0035] In formulas (III)-(V): a is the rotation correction coefficient, with a value of 0.0001-1, (°·mm) / (kJ·min). b is the rotation correction constant, with a value of 1-20. c is the time correction constant, with a value of 1-20. Cq is the calorific value of the gas, kJ / m 3 .

[0036] It should be noted that all formulas in the present invention are obtained by fitting by the inventor based on experiments and engineering applications, and all calculations are numerical values ​​converted according to prescribed units, and are obtained by substituting the numerical values ​​after conversion into the formulas (after conversion of the units, only the numerical values ​​are substituted into the formulas for calculation, without substituting the units, and the units are only used to adjust the size of the numerical values).

[0037] Preferably, only one of the top burner device and the bottom burner device bakes the ladle at the same time, and the other burner device is used to exhaust the flue gas, that is, during the baking process of the ladle, no matter how many times the ladle is flipped 180°, it is always the burner device located above (the burner device located above refers to the top burner device in the initial state of the ladle or after an even number of 180° flips, otherwise it is the bottom burner device) that bakes the ladle, and the flue gas always flows from top to bottom and is exhausted through the burner device located below.

[0038] In the present invention, the existing ladle baking device is improved, that is, by adding a rotating mechanism for alternately flipping the ladle 180 degrees, and at the same time, an independent top burner device is arranged at the top of the ladle and an independent bottom burner device is arranged at the bottom of the ladle. In other words, the ladle is periodically flipped by the rotating mechanism, and the double burner devices are coordinated to periodically reverse and alternately act as the heating end and the smoke outlet end to perform overall uniform preheating of the ladle and the scrap steel inside in different directions, thereby increasing the temperature of the scrap steel in the lower area of ​​the ladle, thereby solving the problem of uneven baking due to the heating at one end in the prior art, which leads to excessively low local temperature.

[0039] In the present invention, the rotating mechanism includes a load-bearing frame, a rotating arm and a rotating motor. The load-bearing frames are generally two, which are vertically arranged on the ground respectively, and there is enough space between the two to facilitate the installation and fixing of the ladle. One end (inner end) of the rotating arm is vertically connected to the middle and upper part of the load-bearing frame, and the other end (outer end) of the rotating arm extends horizontally in the direction of the other load-bearing frame. The outer ends of the two rotating arms on the two load-bearing frames are relatively arranged at the center between the two load-bearing frames, and the spacing between the outer ends of the two rotating arms matches the width of the ladle. In addition, in order to better meet the fixation of ladles of different widths, the rotating arm can be an optional telescopic structure (such as hydraulic telescopic, electric telescopic, pneumatic telescopic, etc.). The rotating motor is arranged outside or inside the load-bearing frame, and the self-rotation of the rotating arm is controlled by the rotating motor. If the rotating motors are arranged on both load-bearing frames, the rotation direction and rotation frequency of the rotating motors are consistent at the same time, so as to drive the ladle to periodically perform 180° flipping through the rotating arm.

[0040] Furthermore, in order to further improve the fixing effect of the ladle, especially the stabilizing effect of the ladle during rotation, an electromagnetic suction head is also arranged at the outer end of the rotating arm, and can rotate with the rotation of the rotating arm, and an electromagnetic motor matching the electromagnetic suction head is independently arranged on the load-bearing frame. According to the total mass of the ladle and the scrap steel contained therein, the electromagnetic power required for rotating the ladle is calculated, and then the electromagnetic motor is controlled by the control system to give the electromagnetic suction head a corresponding magnetic suction force with the calculated electromagnetic power, thereby firmly sucking the ladle to ensure the stability of the ladle during rotation and avoid the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0041] In the present invention, the top burner device and the bottom burner device (hereinafter collectively referred to as the burner device) arranged at the top and bottom of the ladle have basically the same structure, and both include a reversing mechanism (top reversing mechanism or bottom reversing mechanism), a gas pipeline (top gas pipeline or bottom gas pipeline), an air pipeline (top air pipeline or bottom air pipeline), a smoke pipeline (top smoke pipeline or bottom smoke pipeline), and a nozzle (top nozzle or bottom nozzle). The reversing mechanism is a shell structure with a hollow chamber, and its internal chamber is connected to the inside of the ladle through a nozzle. The gas pipeline, the air pipeline and the smoke pipeline are respectively connected to the inner cavity of the reversing mechanism from the outside thereof, and are used to transport gas, air or exhaust smoke into the reversing mechanism. The reversing mechanism transports gas and air into the ladle through the nozzle, or the ladle exhausts smoke into the reversing mechanism through the nozzle.

[0042] It should be noted that in the present invention, in order not to affect the subsequent ladle receiving molten steel, the bottom burner device arranged at the bottom of the ladle is only inserted during the ladle baking stage. After the baking is completed, it is only necessary to take out the bottom burner device and replace it with a refractory plug to block the hole.

[0043] In the present invention, the reversing mechanism includes a shell (top shell or bottom shell), a rotating shaft (top rotating shaft or bottom rotating shaft), a rotating sealing plate (top rotating sealing plate or bottom rotating sealing plate) and a limiting plugging plate (top limiting sealing plate or bottom limiting sealing plate). The rotating sealing plate is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the shell, and divides the inner cavity of the shell into two mutually unconnected chambers on the left and right (horizontal direction). One of the chambers is connected to the inner cavity of the ladle through a nozzle, and is also connected to a gas pipeline and an air pipeline on the outside of the chamber (on the outer wall of the shell away from the side of the ladle), and is connected to a flue gas pipeline on the other chamber. The rotating shaft is arranged on the inner wall of the shell away from the side of the ladle, and one end of the rotating sealing plate is connected to the rotating shaft, so that the rotating sealing plate can rotate in the horizontal direction with the rotating shaft as the rotation center. When the rotating sealing plate rotates to a vertical state, the rotating sealing plate divides the inner cavity of the shell into two chambers that are not connected to each other. At this time, the burner device acts as a heating end, relying on the gas pipeline and the air pipeline to supply gas and air into the ladle for combustion and heating. Anyway, when the rotating sealing plate rotates to a horizontal state, the rotating sealing plate closes the air inlet of the gas pipeline and the air pipeline, and makes the inner cavity of the shell a whole. At this time, the burner device acts as a smoke outlet, relying on the smoke pipeline to discharge the high-temperature smoke in the ladle. The limiting plugging plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the shell in the rotation direction of the rotating sealing plate (close to the ladle side), which is used to limit the rotating sealing plate so that the rotating sealing plate can only be flipped 0-90°.

[0044] In the present invention, it should be noted that in order not to affect the turning over of the ladle, the gas pipeline, the air pipeline and the flue gas pipeline are all hoses with a certain length, thereby satisfying the requirement that the positions of the two burner devices change with the turning over of the steel plate.

[0045] In the present invention, a spring weighing device is also provided at the bottom of the load-bearing frame, the purpose of which is to accurately obtain the weight of scrap steel added to the ladle before each ladle baking operation, thereby facilitating the control device to accurately adjust and control the parameters of various operations to ensure baking efficiency and safe operation of the system.

[0046] In the present invention, when the present invention is used, after the electromagnetic suction head is energized, it adsorbs the ladle, and the ladle is made vertical (recorded as 0°) under the action of the rotating motor and the rotating arm, and the top burner device is started to bake the inside of the ladle (the bottom burner device is only used as a smoke exhaust end at this time). After the baking time is t, the top burner device is closed, and the ladle is turned 180° in the plane at a certain rotation speed V (recorded as 180°), and the bottom burner device is started to bake the inside of the ladle (the top burner device is only used as a smoke exhaust end at this time), and the baking time is also t; then the ladle is restored to the initial vertical state (i.e. 0°) and the above operation is repeated. That is to say, every time the ladle rotates to 0° or 180°, the ladle will stay for a certain time t. At the same time, the burner devices at the top and bottom of the ladle are opened alternately, respectively serving as heat supply and smoke exhaust. In this way, the scrap steel accumulated in the ladle will be repeatedly reversed, and the scrap steel layer will be evenly heated from different directions, thereby increasing the scrap steel temperature in the lower area and solving the problem of local low temperature caused by uneven baking.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0048] 1: The present invention has good effects on preheating and equalizing the heat of scrap steel: in the ladle-turning ladle baking system, the ladle rotates in real time, and the scrap steel in the ladle is in a real-time moving state. At the same time, the top burner device and the bottom burner device operate alternately to bake the scrap steel from the upper and lower sides, so it can effectively impact the scrap steel in various areas and depths in the ladle, and the scrap steel at the bottom layer can also be well baked. The preheating and equalizing effects of the scrap steel will be enhanced compared with the traditional mode, and the local cold zone caused by the excessively low temperature of the scrap steel will also disappear.

[0049] 2. The present invention has good ladle baking quality: Under the synergistic effect of the ladle periodic rotation and the alternating operation of the double burner device, each area inside the ladle can be evenly baked, so that the overall baking quality of the ladle is greatly improved. In addition, since the problems of scrap steel condensation and uneven local baking of the ladle are greatly alleviated, the service life of the ladle lining is also significantly extended.

[0050] 3: The method for ladle baking using the ladle flipping type ladle baking system of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, has high control accuracy, and has low investment and operating costs, and has high application value in the future market. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the initial state of the system of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system of the present invention after flipping 180°.

[0053] Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the combination of the ladle and the burner device of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the top reversing structure of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom reversing structure of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of control of the control device of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8 It is a control logic diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0059] Figure numerals: 1: ladle; 2: rotating mechanism; 201: load-bearing frame; 202: rotating arm; 203: rotating motor; 204: electromagnetic suction head; 205: electromagnetic motor; 3: top burner device; 301: top reversing mechanism; 3011: top shell; 3012: top rotating shaft; 3013: top rotating sealing plate; 3014: top limiting plugging plate; 302: top gas pipeline; 303: top air pipeline; 304: top flue gas pipeline; 305: top nozzle; 4: bottom burner device; 401: bottom reversing mechanism; 4011: bottom shell; 4012: bottom rotating shaft; 4013: bottom rotating sealing plate; 4014: bottom limiting plugging plate; 402: bottom gas pipeline; 403: bottom air pipeline; 404: bottom flue gas pipeline; 405: bottom nozzle; 5: spring weighing device; 6: control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated below by way of example, and the scope of protection requested by the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0061] A ladle-turning type ladle baking system, the system comprises a ladle 1, a rotating mechanism 2, a top burner device 3 and a bottom burner device 4. The rotating mechanism 2 comprises a load-bearing frame 201 and a rotating arm 202, two load-bearing frames 201 are vertically arranged on the bottom surface, a rotating arm 202 is respectively arranged at the middle and upper part of the two load-bearing frames 201, and the outer ends of the two rotating arms 202 extend relative to each other. The side walls of the ladle 1 are respectively connected to the outer ends of the two rotating arms 202. The top burner device 3 is arranged at the top of the ladle 1. The bottom burner device 4 is arranged at the bottom of the ladle 1. A rotating motor 203 is also arranged on the load-bearing frame 201, and the rotating motor 203 drives the rotating arm 202 to drive the ladle 1 to turn up and down alternately.

[0062] Preferably, the top burner device 3 comprises a top reversing mechanism 301, a top gas pipeline 302, a top air pipeline 303 and a top flue gas pipeline 304. The top reversing mechanism 301 is arranged at the top of the ladle 1, and the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism 301 is connected with a top nozzle 305 facing the inside of the ladle 1. The top gas pipeline 302, the top air pipeline 303 and the top flue gas pipeline 304 are all connected to the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism 301.

[0063] Preferably, the bottom burner device 4 includes a bottom reversing mechanism 401, a bottom gas pipeline 402, a bottom air pipeline 403 and a bottom flue gas pipeline 404. The bottom reversing mechanism 401 is arranged at the bottom of the ladle 1, and the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism 401 is connected with a bottom nozzle 405 facing the inside of the ladle 1. The bottom gas pipeline 402, the bottom air pipeline 403 and the bottom flue gas pipeline 404 are all connected to the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism 401.

[0064] Preferably, the top reversing mechanism 301 includes a top shell 3011, a top rotating shaft 3012, a top rotating sealing plate 3013 and a top limiting plugging plate 3014. The top rotating sealing plate 3013 is arranged in the inner cavity of the top shell 3011, and divides the inner cavity of the top shell 3011 into a top left chamber and a top right chamber. The top flue gas duct 304 is connected to the top left chamber. The top gas duct 302, the top air duct 303 and the top burner 305 are all connected to the top right chamber. The upper end of the top rotating sealing plate 3013 is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the top shell 3011 through the top rotating shaft 3012, and the lower end of the top rotating sealing plate 3013 vertically extends to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell 3011, and is attached to the top limiting plug 3014 vertically arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell 3011, and the top limiting plug 3014 is located on the side of the top rotating sealing plate 3013 close to the top left chamber.

[0065] Preferably, the bottom reversing mechanism 401 comprises a bottom shell 4011, a bottom rotating shaft 4012, a bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 and a bottom limiting plugging plate 4014. The bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011, and divides the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011 into a bottom left chamber and a bottom right chamber. The bottom gas pipeline 402, the bottom air pipeline 403 and the bottom burner 405 are all connected to the bottom left chamber. The bottom smoke pipeline 404 is connected to the bottom right chamber. The lower end of the bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 is connected to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011 through the bottom rotating shaft 4012, and the upper end of the bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 vertically extends to the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011, and is affixed to the bottom limiting plugging plate 4014 vertically arranged on the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011, and the bottom limiting plugging plate 4014 is located on the side of the bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 close to the bottom right chamber.

[0066] Preferably, the rotating mechanism 2 further comprises an electromagnetic suction head 204 and an electromagnetic motor 205. The electromagnetic suction head 204 is disposed at the outer ends of the two rotating arms 202. The electromagnetic motor 205 electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction head 204 is disposed on the bearing frame 201.

[0067] Preferably, the system further comprises a spring weighing device 5, wherein the spring weighing device 5 is arranged between the load-bearing frame 201 and the ground.

[0068] Preferably, the system also includes a control device 6, which is electrically connected to the rotating mechanism 2, the top burner device 3 and the bottom burner device 4, and the control device 6 is used to regulate the working states of the rotating mechanism 2, the top burner device 3 and the bottom burner device 4.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a ladle body flipping type ladle baking system comprises a ladle 1, a rotating mechanism 2, a top burner device 3 and a bottom burner device 4. The rotating mechanism 2 comprises a load-bearing frame 201 and a rotating arm 202, two load-bearing frames 201 are vertically arranged on the bottom surface, a rotating arm 202 is respectively arranged at the middle and upper part of the two load-bearing frames 201, and the outer ends of the two rotating arms 202 extend relative to each other. The side walls of the ladle 1 are respectively connected to the outer ends of the two rotating arms 202. The top burner device 3 is arranged at the top of the ladle 1. The bottom burner device 4 is arranged at the bottom end of the ladle 1. A rotating motor 203 is also arranged on the load-bearing frame 201, and the rotating motor 203 drives the rotating arm 202 to drive the ladle 1 to flip up and down alternately.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Example 1 is repeated, except that the top burner device 3 includes a top reversing mechanism 301, a top gas pipeline 302, a top air pipeline 303, and a top smoke pipeline 304. The top reversing mechanism 301 is arranged on the top of the ladle 1, and the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism 301 is connected with a top nozzle 305 facing the inside of the ladle 1. The top gas pipeline 302, the top air pipeline 303, and the top smoke pipeline 304 are all connected to the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism 301.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] Example 2 is repeated, except that the bottom burner device 4 includes a bottom reversing mechanism 401, a bottom gas pipeline 402, a bottom air pipeline 403, and a bottom smoke pipeline 404. The bottom reversing mechanism 401 is arranged at the bottom of the ladle 1, and the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism 401 is connected with a bottom nozzle 405 facing the inside of the ladle 1. The bottom gas pipeline 402, the bottom air pipeline 403, and the bottom smoke pipeline 404 are all connected to the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism 401.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] Example 3 is repeated, except that the top reversing mechanism 301 includes a top shell 3011, a top rotating shaft 3012, a top rotating sealing plate 3013, and a top limiting blocking plate 3014. The top rotating sealing plate 3013 is arranged in the inner cavity of the top shell 3011, and divides the inner cavity of the top shell 3011 into a top left chamber and a top right chamber. The top flue gas duct 304 is connected to the top left chamber. The top gas duct 302, the top air duct 303, and the top burner 305 are all connected to the top right chamber. The upper end of the top rotating sealing plate 3013 is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the top shell 3011 through the top rotating shaft 3012, and the lower end of the top rotating sealing plate 3013 vertically extends to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell 3011, and is attached to the top limiting plug 3014 vertically arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell 3011, and the top limiting plug 3014 is located on the side of the top rotating sealing plate 3013 close to the top left chamber.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] The embodiment 4 is repeated, except that the bottom reversing mechanism 401 includes a bottom shell 4011, a bottom rotating shaft 4012, a bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 and a bottom limiting plugging plate 4014. The bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011, and divides the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011 into a bottom left chamber and a bottom right chamber. The bottom gas pipeline 402, the bottom air pipeline 403 and the bottom burner 405 are all connected to the bottom left chamber. The bottom smoke pipeline 404 is connected to the bottom right chamber. The lower end of the bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 is connected to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011 through the bottom rotating shaft 4012, and the upper end of the bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 vertically extends to the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011, and is affixed to the bottom limiting plugging plate 4014 vertically arranged on the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell 4011, and the bottom limiting plugging plate 4014 is located on the side of the bottom rotating sealing plate 4013 close to the bottom right chamber.

[0079] Example 6

[0080] The embodiment 1 is repeated, except that the rotating mechanism 2 further includes an electromagnetic suction head 204 and an electromagnetic motor 205. The electromagnetic suction head 204 is disposed at the outer ends of the two rotating arms 202. The electromagnetic motor 205 electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction head 204 is disposed on the bearing frame 201.

[0081] Example 7

[0082] The embodiment 6 is repeated, except that the system further comprises a spring weighing device 5, and the spring weighing device 5 is arranged between the load-bearing frame 201 and the ground.

[0083] Example 8

[0084] Example 7 is repeated, except that the system further includes a control device 6, which is electrically connected to the rotating mechanism 2, the top burner device 3 and the bottom burner device 4, and the control device 6 is used to regulate the respective working states of the rotating mechanism 2, the top burner device 3 and the bottom burner device 4.

[0085] Example 9

[0086] The ladle baking method is carried out using the system described in Example 8, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0087] 1) A ladle 1 containing scrap steel is fixed by a rotating mechanism 2 and the initial state of the ladle 1 is vertical, and a top burner device 3 and a bottom burner device 4 are installed on the top and bottom of the ladle 1 respectively.

[0088] 2) According to the total mass and average particle size of the scrap steel in the ladle 1, the electromagnetic power and the preheating coefficient when the ladle 1 is baked are calculated.

[0089] 3) The rotation speed of the ladle 1 when it is turned over and the gas flow rate and baking time for baking the ladle 1 when it is in a vertical state are calculated based on the calculated preheating coefficient.

[0090] 4) In the initial state of the ladle 1, the top burner device 3 is first used to bake the ladle 1 according to the calculated gas flow rate and baking time, and then the ladle 1 is turned 180° according to the calculated electromagnetic power and rotation speed, and then the bottom burner device 4 is used to bake the ladle 1 with the same gas flow rate and baking time, and then the ladle 1 is turned back 180° with the same electromagnetic power and rotation speed, and then the top burner device 3 is used to continue to bake the ladle 1 with the same gas flow rate and baking time, and this cycle is repeated until the ladle 1 meets the requirements for holding molten steel.

[0091] Example 10

[0092] Example 9 is repeated, except that step 2) is specifically as follows: the mass of the empty ladle 1 is set as W1, kg; the total mass of the scrap steel in the ladle 1 is detected by the spring weighing device 5 and recorded as W2, kg. Then the electromagnetic power σ, kW required for baking the ladle 1 is:

[0093] σ=(W1+W2)*g*λ(I).

[0094] The preheating coefficient β, kJ / mm, of ladle 1 during baking is:

[0095] β=(W1*Cp*Tp) / d(II).

[0096] In formulas (I)-(II): g is the gravitational acceleration coefficient, N / kg; λ is the electromagnetic force conversion coefficient, which is 0.2kW / N. Cp is the average specific heat capacity of scrap steel, kJ / (kg·℃). Tp is the average target temperature of the scrap steel to be preheated, ℃. d is the average particle size of the scrap steel, mm.

[0097] Embodiment 11

[0098] Example 10 was repeated, except that step 3) was specifically as follows: the rotation speed of the ladle 1 when it was turned over was recorded as V, in degrees / min. The baking time of the ladle 1 when it was in a vertical position was recorded as t, in minutes. The gas flow rate of the ladle 1 when it was in a vertical position was recorded as ω, in meters. 3 / min. Then:

[0099] V=a*β+b (III).

[0100] t=180 / V+c (IV).

[0101] ω=(d*β) / (Cq*t) (V).

[0102] In formulas (III)-(V): a is the rotation correction coefficient, which is 0.0002 (°·mm) / (kJ·min). b is the rotation correction constant, which is 10. c is the time correction constant, which is 1. Cq is the calorific value of the gas, kJ / m 3 .

[0103] Application Example 1

[0104] The system described in Example 11 is used for ladle baking, and the specific parameters are as follows: the mass of the empty ladle 1 is 40000 kg; the height of the ladle 1 is 4 m; the scrap steel loading capacity detected by the spring weighing device 5 is 8000 kg; the average particle size of the scrap steel is 200 mm; the electromagnetic force conversion coefficient λ=0.2 kW / N, g=10 N / kg, and the electromagnetic power σ required for baking the ladle 1 is calculated according to formula (I):

[0105] σ=(W1+W2)*g*λ=(40000+8000)×10×0.2=96000kW.

[0106] The average specific heat capacity of the scrap steel is Cp=0.7 kJ / (kg·℃); the target temperature of the scrap steel to be preheated is Tp=800℃; then the preheating coefficient β of the ladle 1 during baking is calculated according to formula (II):

[0107] β=(W1*Cp*Tp) / d=(40000×0.7×800)÷200=112000kJ / mm.

[0108] When a=0.0002 (°·mm) / (kJ·min), b=10, the rotation speed V of the ladle 1 when it is turned over is calculated according to formula (III):

[0109] V=a*β+b=0.0002×112000+10=32.4° / min.

[0110] When c=1, the baking time t of the ladle 1 when it is in a vertical state is calculated according to formula (IV):

[0111] t=180 / V+c=180÷32.4+1=6.56min.

[0112] When the calorific value of the gas Cq=33000kJ / m 3 , then according to formula (V), the gas flow rate ω for baking the ladle 1 when it is in a vertical state is calculated as:

[0113] ω=(d*β) / (Cq*t)=(200×112000)÷(33000×6.56)=103.47m 3 / min.

Claims

1. A ladle-turning ladle baking system, characterized in that: The system comprises a ladle (1), a rotating mechanism (2), a top burner device (3) and a bottom burner device (4); the rotating mechanism (2) comprises a load-bearing frame (201) and a rotating arm (202); two load-bearing frames (201) are vertically arranged on the bottom surface; a rotating arm (202) is respectively arranged at the middle and upper parts of the two load-bearing frames (201), and the outer ends of the two rotating arms (202) extend relative to each other; the side walls of the ladle (1) are respectively connected to the outer ends of the two rotating arms (202); the top burner device (3) is arranged at the top end of the ladle (1); the bottom burner device (4) is arranged at the bottom end of the ladle (1); a rotating motor (203) is also arranged on the load-bearing frame (201); the rotating motor (203) drives the rotating arm (202) to drive the ladle (1) to flip up and down alternately.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top burner device (3) comprises a top reversing mechanism (301), a top gas pipeline (302), a top air pipeline (303) and a top smoke pipeline (304); the top reversing mechanism (301) is arranged at the top of the ladle (1), and the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism (301) is connected to a top nozzle (305) facing the inside of the ladle (1); the top gas pipeline (302), the top air pipeline (303) and the top smoke pipeline (304) are all connected to the inner cavity of the top reversing mechanism (301); The bottom burner device (4) comprises a bottom reversing mechanism (401), a bottom gas pipeline (402), a bottom air pipeline (403) and a bottom smoke pipeline (404); the bottom reversing mechanism (401) is arranged at the bottom of the ladle (1), and the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism (401) is connected to a bottom nozzle (405) facing the inside of the ladle (1); the bottom gas pipeline (402), the bottom air pipeline (403) and the bottom smoke pipeline (404) are all connected to the inner cavity of the bottom reversing mechanism (401).

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top reversing mechanism (301) comprises a top shell (3011), a top rotating shaft (3012), a top rotating sealing plate (3013) and a top limiting blocking plate (3014); the top rotating sealing plate (3013) is arranged in the inner cavity of the top shell (3011) and divides the inner cavity of the top shell (3011) into a top left chamber and a top right chamber; the top smoke duct (304) is connected to the top left chamber; the top gas duct (302), the top air duct (303), the top burner duct (304) and the top flue gas duct (304) are ... flue gas duct (302), the top gas duct (303), the top flue gas duct (304) and the top flue gas duct (304) are connected to the top flue gas duct (302), the top gas duct (303), the top flue gas duct (304) and the top flue gas duct (304) The nozzles (305) are all connected to the top right chamber; the upper end of the top rotating sealing plate (3013) is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the top shell (3011) through the top rotating shaft (3012), and the lower end of the top rotating sealing plate (3013) vertically extends to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell (3011), and is in contact with the top limiting plug (3014) vertically arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the top shell (3011), and the top limiting plug (3014) is located on the side of the top rotating sealing plate (3013) close to the top left chamber.

4. The system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The bottom reversing mechanism (401) comprises a bottom shell (4011), a bottom rotating shaft (4012), a bottom rotating sealing plate (4013) and a bottom limiting plugging plate (4014); the bottom rotating sealing plate (4013) is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom shell (4011) and divides the inner cavity of the bottom shell (4011) into a bottom left chamber and a bottom right chamber; the bottom gas pipeline (402), the bottom air pipeline (403) and the bottom burner (405) are all connected to the bottom left chamber; the bottom flue gas pipeline (402) and the bottom air pipeline (403) are all connected to the bottom left chamber; the bottom flue gas pipeline (402) and the bottom air pipeline (403) are connected to the bottom left chamber; the bottom flue gas pipeline (403) and the bottom air pipeline (403) are connected to the bottom left chamber; the bottom flue gas pipeline (402 ... The pipeline (404) is connected to the bottom right chamber; the lower end of the bottom rotating sealing plate (4013) is connected to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell (4011) through the bottom rotating shaft (4012), and the upper end of the bottom rotating sealing plate (4013) vertically extends to the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell (4011), and is in contact with the bottom limiting plugging plate (4014) vertically arranged on the top wall of the inner cavity of the bottom shell (4011), and the bottom limiting plugging plate (4014) is located on the side of the bottom rotating sealing plate (4013) close to the bottom right chamber.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (2) further comprises an electromagnetic suction head (204) and an electromagnetic motor (205); the electromagnetic suction head (204) is arranged at the outer ends of the two rotating arms (202); and the electromagnetic motor (205) electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction head (204) is arranged on the load-bearing frame (201).

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The system further comprises a spring weighing device (5), wherein the spring weighing device (5) is arranged between the load-bearing frame (201) and the ground; and / or The system also includes a control device (6), which is electrically connected to the rotating mechanism (2), the top burner device (3) and the bottom burner device (4), and the control device (6) is used to control the working states of the rotating mechanism (2), the top burner device (3) and the bottom burner device (4).

7. A ladle baking method or a ladle baking method using the ladle body tilting ladle baking system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) fixing a ladle (1) containing scrap steel by a rotating mechanism (2) so that the initial state of the ladle (1) is vertical, and installing a top burner device (3) and a bottom burner device (4) on the top and bottom of the ladle (1) respectively; 2) calculating the electromagnetic power and preheating coefficient when baking the steel ladle (1) according to the total mass and average particle size of the scrap steel in the steel ladle (1); 3) calculating the rotation speed of the ladle (1) when it is turned over and the gas flow rate and baking time for baking the ladle (1) when it is in a vertical position according to the calculated preheating coefficient; 4) In the initial state of the ladle (1), the top burner device (3) is first used to bake the ladle (1) according to the calculated gas flow rate and baking time, and then the ladle (1) is turned over 180 degrees according to the calculated electromagnetic power and rotation speed, and the bottom burner device (4) is used to bake the ladle (1) at the same gas flow rate and baking time, and then the ladle (1) is turned over 180 degrees in the opposite direction at the same electromagnetic power and rotation speed, and the top burner device (3) is used to continue to bake the ladle (1) at the same gas flow rate and baking time, and this cycle is repeated until the ladle (1) meets the requirements for holding molten steel.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 2) is specifically as follows: the mass of the empty ladle (1) is set as W1, kg; the total mass of the scrap steel in the ladle (1) is detected by the spring weighing device (5) and is recorded as W2, kg; then the electromagnetic power σ, kW required for baking the ladle (1) is: σ=(W1+W2)*g*λ(I); The preheating coefficient β of the ladle (1) during baking, in kJ / mm, is: β=(W1*Cp*Tp) / d(II); In formulas (I)-(II): g is the gravitational acceleration coefficient, N / kg; λ is the electromagnetic force conversion coefficient, which is 0.1-1, kW / N; Cp is the average specific heat capacity of the scrap steel, kJ / (kg·℃); Tp is the average target temperature of the scrap steel to be preheated, ℃; d is the average particle size of the scrap steel, mm.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 3) is specifically as follows: the rotation speed of the ladle (1) when it is turned over is recorded as V, in units of ° / min; the baking time of the ladle (1) when it is in a vertical position is recorded as t, in minutes; the gas flow rate of the ladle (1) when it is in a vertical position is recorded as ω, in units of m 3 / min; then: V = a*β+b(III); t=180 / V+c(IV); ω=(d*β) / (Cq*t)(V); In formulas (III)-(V): a is the rotation correction coefficient, (°·mm) / (kJ·min); b is the rotation correction constant; c is the time correction constant; Cq is the calorific value of the gas, kJ / m 3 ; a takes a value of 0.0001-0.1, and b and c take values ​​of 1-20 independently.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: When only one of the top burner device (3) and the bottom burner device (4) bakes the ladle (1) at the same time, the other burner device is used to exhaust smoke, that is, during the baking process of the ladle (1), no matter how many times the ladle (1) is turned 180 degrees, it is always the burner device located at the top that bakes the ladle (1), and the smoke always flows from top to bottom and is exhausted through the burner device located at the bottom.

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