Medicament for simultaneously preventing alternaria alternata and wildfire of tobacco as well as preparation method and use method of medicament

Abstract

The invention discloses a medicament for preventing both brown spot and wildfire of tobacco and a preparation and use method thereof, the medicament comprises the following raw materials by volume: 1 part of sodium alginate solution with concentration of 4-6 wt%; 1 part of a dictyophora indusiata effective active ingredient extract; and 2 parts of a 3wt% CaCl2 solution. The used prevention and control medicament is directly extracted from dictyophora indusiata, and the extracted dictyophora indusiata effective active ingredient extract has good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, so that the dictyophora indusiata effective active ingredient extract has a remarkable effect on prevention and control of tobacco diseases when applied to tobacco, and the replacement of a traditional physical and chemical method by biological prevention and control becomes possible; and a product applied to the tobacco leaves is environment-friendly and degradable, and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a medicament and a preparation and use method thereof, and in particular to a medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease and a preparation and use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is one of the important economic crops in my country. In tobacco leaf production, we need to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and meet the needs of industrial and commercial tobacco leaf production. The current methods for tobacco leaf disease prevention and control include physical and chemical methods, but the physical method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and complex to operate, and the chemical method is prone to secondary pollution and pesticide residues, so the dosage is gradually being controlled.

[0003] Based on this, in recent years some biological extracts or microbial preparations have been used as new types of crop disease and pest control. For example, the essential oil components of some plants are volatile, which can interfere with the olfactory receptors of pests, making it difficult for pests to find host plants, or directly produce toxic effects on pests. Bacillus thuringiensis microbial insecticides have been widely used in the prevention and control of crops, forests, granaries, mosquitoes and flies; Beauveria bassiana is used to control potato beetles, soybean borers, pine caterpillars and corn borers.

[0004] Because biological extracts or microbial preparations have many advantages in controlling crop diseases and pests, compared with traditional chemical control, they are more environmentally friendly, safe and sustainable. With the deepening of research and the development of technology, they will play an increasingly important role in agricultural production.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention urgently needs to develop a safe and efficient agent using bamboo fungus extract as a drug for preventing and treating tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a medicament for preventing both tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease and a preparation and use method thereof, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease is composed of the following raw materials in volume: 1 part of 4wt%-6wt% sodium alginate solution; 1 part of bamboo fungus effective active ingredient extract; and 2 parts of 3wt% CaCl2 solution.

[0009] In the aforementioned agent for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease, the 4wt%-6wt% sodium alginate solution is prepared by dissolving sodium alginate in a mixed solution of MgSO4 and K2HPO4 with a concentration of 1.5wt% to obtain a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt% to 6wt%.

[0010] In the aforementioned medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease, the extraction steps of the bamboo fungus extract are as follows:

[0011] S1 Pretreatment of bamboo fungus: crush the bamboo fungus with a plant tissue crusher to a particle size of 80 mesh, and add deionized water at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:15;

[0012] S2 Ultrasonic extraction: Add 3%-5% concentrated H 2 SO 4 As the lysis solution, the cells were broken by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, and the extraction temperature was controlled at room temperature using an ice water bath; the power of the ultrasonic cell disruptor used was 390W, the time was 30min, and the working mode was ultrasonic time 3s, interval time 1s;

[0013] S3 centrifugation or filtration: centrifuge at 5000 rpm / min for 10 min, discard the lower precipitate to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus, or generally use a filter press to separate the solid and liquid to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus.

[0014] The preparation method of the agent for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease includes the following two steps. The first step is to mix a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt%-6wt% with an extract of effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus at a volume ratio of 1:1, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution; the second step is to add a 3wt% CaCl2 solution to the bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution at a ratio of 1:1 to calcify it, and obtain a sustained-release gel containing bamboo fungus extract.

[0015] The method of using the aforementioned agent for preventing tobacco brown spot and wildfire is to mix the slow-release gel containing bamboo fungus extract with water at a ratio of 1:1, and spray it after a few disease spots appear on the tobacco leaves. The dosage is 40 mL per plant, and it should be sprayed once every 7-10 days.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. The control agent used in the present invention is directly extracted from the bamboo fungus, belongs to a natural chemical component, does not have an environmental pollution problem, and the bamboo fungus raw material is easy to obtain, the extraction process is simple and efficient, saves time and labor, and overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional physical method; on the other hand, the active ingredient comes from the edible large fungus bamboo fungus, does not have the problem of pesticide residues, and effectively avoids the generation of drug resistance.

[0018] 2. The effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus extracted from bamboo fungus of the present invention has good antibacterial and bactericidal effects, so applying it to tobacco has a significant effect on the prevention and control of tobacco diseases, which makes it possible for biological control to replace traditional physical and chemical methods. The product applied to tobacco leaves is environmentally friendly and degradable, and has many advantages.

[0019] 3. The extract of effective active ingredients from bamboo fungus contains antibacterial substances such as phloroglucinol, flavonoids, and phenols. If it is directly sprayed on tobacco leaves, it will be easily washed away by rainwater, which will greatly reduce the effect of disease prevention and control. To solve this problem, it is used in combination with sodium alginate, and a gel sustained-release agent with sodium alginate as a carrier is developed. Sodium alginate is a linear polymer formed by (1→4) glycosidic bonds of β-D-mannuronic acid (β-D-mannuronic, M) and α-L-guluronic acid (α-L-guluronic, G). It has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, low price, and natural advantages in the field of controlled drug release. It can prolong the retention time of the extract on the leaves, thereby enhancing the efficacy.

[0020] 4. As for the extract of effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus, by comparing several commonly used solvents such as water, ethanol, petroleum ether and n-butanol, ethyl acetate has outstanding effect as an extractant for effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus. However, from a practical point of view, in order to save costs in production applications while ensuring the expected results, we selected cheap and easily available water as the extraction solvent, and explored its optimal extraction conditions: ultrasound for 30 minutes, solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, optimized the extraction process, and made the extraction of effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus obtainable for industrial application.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 One of the process flow charts for preparing the extract of effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a confrontation diagram of wildfire pathogens (Note: Figure a0 is the control CK, and the extraction agents used in Figures a1 to a5 are water, ethanol, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively);

[0025] Figure 3 It is a confrontation with the pathogen of brown spot disease (Note: Figure b0 is the control CK, and the extractants used in Figures b1 to b5 are water, ethanol, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1, a method for preparing a medicament for preventing both tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease,

[0028] The first is the preparation of the required raw materials, which include 4wt% sodium alginate solution, bamboo fungus active ingredient extract and 3wt% CaCl 2 Solution.

[0029] The preparation method of the 4 wt% sodium alginate solution is to dissolve 4 kg of sodium alginate in 96 kg of 1.5 wt% MgSO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 From the mixed solution, a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4 wt % was prepared.

[0030] The steps of extracting bamboo fungus extract are as follows: S1 bamboo fungus pretreatment: 10 kg of bamboo fungus is put into a plant tissue crusher, the bamboo fungus is crushed by the plant tissue crusher to a particle size of 80 mesh, and 150 kg of deionized water is added;

[0031] S2 Ultrasonic extraction: Before ultrasonic disruption, add 3% concentrated H 2 SO 4 As the lysis solution, the cells were broken by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, and the extraction temperature was controlled at room temperature using an ice water bath; the power of the ultrasonic cell disruptor used was 390W, the time was 30min, and the working mode was ultrasonic time 3s, interval time 1s;

[0032] S3 centrifugation or filtration: centrifuge at 5000 rpm / min for 10 min, discard the lower precipitate to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus, or generally use a filter press to separate the solid and liquid to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus.

[0033] The second is the preparation of a drug for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease: the drug is completed by the following two steps: the first step is to mix a 4wt% sodium alginate solution with a bamboo fungus effective active ingredient extract at a volume ratio of 1:1, and stir well to obtain a bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution; the second step is to add 3wt% CaCl to the bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution at a ratio of 1:1 2 The solution is calcified to obtain a sustained-release gel containing the bamboo fungus extract.

[0034] The method for using the agent for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease is characterized in that the method is to mix the slow-release gel containing bamboo fungus extract with water at a ratio of 1:1, spray it after a few disease spots appear on the tobacco leaves, with a dosage of 40 mL per plant, and spray once every 7-10 days.

[0035] Embodiment 2, the preparation method of the medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease,

[0036] The first is the preparation of the required raw materials, which include 6wt% sodium alginate solution, bamboo fungus active ingredient extract and 3wt% CaCl 2 Solution.

[0037] The preparation method of 6 wt% sodium alginate solution is to dissolve 6 kg sodium alginate in 94 g MgSO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 From the mixed solution, a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 6 wt % was prepared.

[0038] The steps of extracting bamboo fungus extract are as follows: S1 bamboo fungus pretreatment: 10 kg of bamboo fungus is put into a plant tissue crusher, the bamboo fungus is crushed by the plant tissue crusher to a particle size of 80 mesh, and 200 kg of deionized water is added;

[0039] S2 Ultrasonic extraction: Before ultrasonic disruption, add 5% concentrated H 2 SO 4 As the lysis solution, the cells were broken by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, and the extraction temperature was controlled at room temperature using an ice water bath; the power of the ultrasonic cell disruptor used was 390W, the time was 30min, and the working mode was ultrasonic time 3s, interval time 1s;

[0040] S3 centrifugation or filtration: centrifuge at 5000 rpm / min for 10 min, discard the lower precipitate to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus, or generally use a filter press to separate the solid and liquid to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus.

[0041] The second is the preparation of a drug for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease: the drug is completed by the following two steps: the first step is to mix a 6wt% sodium alginate solution with a bamboo fungus effective active ingredient extract at a volume ratio of 1:1, and stir well to obtain a bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution; the second step is to add 3wt% CaCl to the bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution at a ratio of 1:1 2 The solution is calcified to obtain a sustained-release gel containing the bamboo fungus extract.

[0042] The method for using the agent for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease is characterized in that the method is to mix the slow-release gel containing bamboo fungus extract with water at a ratio of 1:1, spray it after a few disease spots appear on the tobacco leaves, with a dosage of 40 mL per plant, and spray once every 7-10 days.

[0043] Example 3, a method for preparing a medicament for preventing both tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease,

[0044] The first is the preparation of the required raw materials, which include 5wt% sodium alginate solution, bamboo fungus active ingredient extract and 3wt% CaCl 2 Solution.

[0045] The preparation method of the 4 wt% sodium alginate solution is to dissolve 5 kg of sodium alginate in 96 kg of 1.5 wt% MgSO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 A sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 5 wt % was prepared from the mixed solution.

[0046] The steps of extracting bamboo fungus extract are as follows: S1 bamboo fungus pretreatment: 10 kg of bamboo fungus is put into a plant tissue crusher, the bamboo fungus is crushed by the plant tissue crusher to a particle size of 80 mesh, and 175 kg of deionized water is added;

[0047] S2 Ultrasonic extraction: Before ultrasonic disruption, add 4% concentrated H 2 SO 4 As the lysis solution, the cells were broken by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, and the extraction temperature was controlled at room temperature using an ice water bath; the power of the ultrasonic cell disruptor used was 390W, the time was 30min, and the working mode was ultrasonic time 3s, interval time 1s;

[0048] S3 centrifugation or filtration: centrifuge at 5000 rpm / min for 10 min, discard the lower precipitate to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus, or generally use a filter press to separate the solid and liquid to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus.

[0049] The second is the preparation of a drug for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease: the drug is completed by the following two steps: the first step is to mix a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt%-6wt% and a bamboo fungus effective active ingredient extract at a volume ratio of 1:1, and stir well to obtain a bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution; the second step is to add 3wt% CaCl to the bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution at a ratio of 1:1 2 The solution is calcified to obtain a sustained-release gel containing the bamboo fungus extract.

[0050] The method for using the agent for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease is characterized in that the method is to mix the slow-release gel containing bamboo fungus extract with water at a ratio of 1:1, spray it after a few disease spots appear on the tobacco leaves, with a dosage of 40 mL per plant, and spray once every 7-10 days.

[0051] Related verification test 1

[0052] 1. Selection test of preparation technology of extract of effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus

[0053] Determination of the best extractant: Compare the extraction effects of different solvents (such as water, ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, etc.) on the active ingredients in Dictyophora, and evaluate their solubility and extraction efficiency.

[0054] Raw material pretreatment and extraction conditions: first take 100g of bamboo fungus and crush it into 80 mesh, add 200ml of deionized water and then drop an appropriate amount of lysis solution, then use ultrasonic (45kHz) to crush it for 20 minutes, then pour the liquid into a bowl and add appropriate lysis solution again for intermittent grinding, then add 200ml of deionized water and shake it evenly, filter, and prepare 100ml of deionized water to wash the filter residue, combine the two filtrates to obtain the crude extraction liquid, and use this liquid for subsequent antibacterial tests.

[0055] Test strains and their culture medium (g / L): Pseudomonas syringae pv. tobacco (wildfire disease): KB medium (peptone 20.0 g, K2HPO4 1.5 g, MgSO4·7H2O 1.5 g, agar 15 g); Alternaria alternata (red spot disease): PDA medium (potato 200 g, glucose 20 g, agar 15 g).

[0056] Prepare the extracts for antibacterial test: dilute each extract into 4% emulsion with 10% ethanol and 3% Tween-80 aqueous solution. Pipette 0.1mL of bacterial suspension and apply it on solid culture medium. The antibacterial test adopts Oxford cup method. After culturing for a period of time, measure the size of the antibacterial zone. Set three parallels for each combination.

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Table a Properties of extracts obtained with different extractants

[0060] From the visual observation of the active ingredients of bamboo fungus using different solvents in Table a, we found that the extracts obtained by different extraction methods are similar in appearance. Therefore, we will conduct a plate antagonism test in the next step, hoping to discover the essence of the problem through the surface phenomenon.

[0061] Results chart display: see Figure 2 , Figure 2 Figure a0 in the middle is the control CK, and the extractants used in Figures a1-a5 are water, ethanol, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively:

[0062]

[0063] Table analysis: From Table 1, it can be seen from the confrontation experiment on wildfire disease that there is a significant difference in the average circle size after calculating the average value of each parallel treatment, which reflects that the advantages and disadvantages of the extractants are: ethyl acetate (4.52mm) > n-butanol (3.91mm) > ethanol (3.34mm) > petroleum ether (2.91mm) > water (2.43mm) > CK (0.00mm). For ethyl acetate, its inhibition circle radius is larger than that of other treatments both in terms of the overall level and in terms of a single parallel treatment. Therefore, we can conclude that the bamboo fungus extract of ethyl acetate has a good antibacterial effect on wildfire disease.

[0064]

[0065] Table analysis: It can be seen from Table 2 that the average values ​​of inhibition zones of various extracts against brown star disease pathogens are as follows from large to small: ethyl acetate (5.50 mm) > n-butanol (4.33 mm) > petroleum ether (4.05 mm) > ethanol (3.93 mm) > water (3.63 mm) > CK (0.00 mm). The conclusion is still that ethyl acetate is more suitable as an extractant for the effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus.

[0066] Determination of the optimal extraction conditions:

[0067] The optimal extraction process is mainly determined by two factors: extraction time and feed-liquid ratio. Therefore, we set the following levels on the original extraction process to determine the optimal ultrasonic extraction time and feed-liquid ratio.

[0068]

[0069] Table 3 Inhibition zone size obtained at different ultrasonic treatment times (wildfire pathogen)

[0070]

[0071] Table 4 Inhibition zone size obtained with different material-liquid ratios (wildfire pathogen)

[0072]

[0073] Table 5 The size of the inhibition zone obtained at different ultrasonic treatment times (pathogen of red star)

[0074]

[0075] Table 6 Inhibition zone size obtained with different material-liquid ratios (red star pathogen)

[0076] From Tables 3 to 6, we can find that when the solid-liquid ratio is constant, as the ultrasonic treatment time is prolonged, the obtained inhibition zone becomes larger, showing a positive correlation, indicating that ultrasound effectively breaks the bamboo fungus cells and dissolves the active ingredients in the cells in water. From the figure, we can further find that before 30 minutes, the increase in the size of the inhibition zone with the treatment time is greater than that in the later process. Therefore, 30 minutes is a more appropriate extraction time for bamboo fungus; from the perspective of the solid-liquid ratio, when the ultrasonic treatment time remains unchanged at 30 minutes, with the increase of the extractant, the extraction effect shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. This may be because the extraction is insufficient due to insufficient extractant under high solid-liquid ratio. At low solid-liquid ratio, excessive extractant may dilute the active ingredients in bamboo fungus, resulting in poor antibacterial effect. In this regard, we can believe that 1:15-20 will be a more reasonable solid-liquid ratio. Under this ratio, the active ingredients in bamboo fungus can be relatively completely extracted without being diluted due to the extractant, thereby improving the antibacterial efficiency.

[0077] Here, in summary, we can determine that compared with several commonly used solvents such as water, ethanol, petroleum ether, and n-butanol, ethyl acetate has outstanding effects as an extractant for the effective active ingredients of bamboo fungus. However, from a practical point of view, in order to save costs in production applications and ensure the expected results, we selected cheap and readily available water as the extraction solvent, and explored its optimal extraction conditions: ultrasound for 30 minutes, solid-liquid ratio of 1:15-20, optimized the extraction process, and enabled our research work to be industrialized.

[0078] Analysis of the composition of effective active ingredients in bamboo fungus:

[0079] GC-MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of the water extract of bamboo fungus. FFAP column was used for separation and mass spectrometry to identify 24 components, the main categories of which included polysaccharides, organic acids, ketones, sesquiterpenes, esters, etc. Among them, 8 ketones were detected, with a content of up to 38.78%, and 5 terpenes, accounting for 11.46%. Chen Bingzhi et al. first discovered phloroglucinol in bamboo fungus extracts. By comparing the chromatographic characteristic peaks, we found that there was also a certain amount of phloroglucinol in the extractant. It has been proven that phloroglucinol has a strong inhibitory effect on Bacillus megaterium and Salmonella enteritidis. Therefore, phloroglucinol also has a corresponding inhibitory effect on the two test pathogens. At the same time, we consulted relevant literature and compared our results with the components of ethyl acetate extract. It was found that the content of organic acids and aromatic esters in the latter was significantly higher than that in the former. We can believe that it is mainly organic acids and aromatic esters that have an inhibitory effect on wildfire and red star disease pathogens.

[0080] Related verification test 2

[0081] Evaluation of the effect of sustained-release drugs

[0082] In order to test the control effect of slow-release pesticides on the two diseases, we conducted relevant potted plant experiments to compare the growth of tobacco leaves after using traditional chemical pesticides and slow-release pesticides, and thus draw corresponding conclusions. The specific test methods and processes are as follows:

[0083] Potted plant test: Soil containing two pathogens was used for potted planting. One week after the tobacco seedlings were planted, the tobacco plants were sprayed with chemical agents and slow-release agents containing bamboo fungus extract (the application amount was based on the size of the tobacco plants, covering the outer surface of the tobacco plants completely from top to bottom). The potted plants were placed in a natural environment for growth, and the incidence was counted during the 40-day peak period of the disease. There were a total of 4 treatments in the test, with 12 parallels in each treatment. The statistical results are as follows:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] Table 7 Statistics of disease outcomes

[0087] Table analysis: From the disease situation of tobacco leaves, both chemical agents and bamboo fungus extract slow-release agents have preventive and control effects on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tobacco and Alternaria alternata. However, the use of slow-release agents is more effective in reducing the incidence and disease index of tobacco plants. The proportion of grade 0 healthy tobacco plants has increased significantly, and the effect is better. From the growth status of tobacco plants, the treatment group using slow-release agents has more leaves and taller plants. This may be because we added K in the preparation process of slow-release gel. + Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ Inorganic ions such as ions promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants. It can be seen that the sustained-release agent containing bamboo shoot extract we developed has broad application prospects both in tobacco disease prevention and control and plant nutrient absorption.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in volume: 1 part of sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt%-6wt%; 1 part of bamboo fungus effective active ingredient extract; and 2 parts of 3wt% CaCl2 solution.

2. The medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt%-6wt% is prepared by dissolving sodium alginate in a mixed solution of MgSO4 and K2HPO4 with a concentration of 1.5wt% each, to obtain a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt%-6wt%.

3. The medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps of extracting the bamboo fungus extract are as follows: S1 Pretreatment of bamboo fungus: crush the bamboo fungus with a plant tissue crusher to a particle size of 80 mesh, and add deionized water at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:15-20; S2 Ultrasonic extraction: Before ultrasonic disruption, add 3%-5% concentrated H2SO4 as a lysis solution, and use an ultrasonic cell disruptor to disrupt the cells. During this period, an ice-water bath is used to control the extraction temperature at room temperature; S3 centrifugation or filtration: centrifuge at 5000 rpm / min for 10 min, discard the lower precipitate to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus, or use a filter press to separate the solid and liquid to obtain the effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus.

4. The medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power of the ultrasonic cell disruptor used was 390 W, the time was 30 min, the working mode was ultrasonic time 3 s, and the interval time 1 s.

5. The method for preparing the medicament for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The method comprises the following two steps: the first step is to mix a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 4wt%-6wt% with an effective active ingredient extract of bamboo fungus at a volume ratio of 1:1, and stir thoroughly to obtain a bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution; the second step is to add a 3wt% CaCl2 solution to the bamboo fungus extract-sodium alginate solution at a ratio of 1:1 to calcify it, and obtain a sustained-release gel containing the bamboo fungus extract.

6. The method for using the agent for preventing tobacco brown spot disease and wildfire disease as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The method comprises mixing a slow-release gel containing bamboo fungus extract with water in a ratio of 1:1, spraying the mixture on tobacco leaves after a few lesion symptoms appear, with a dosage of 40 mL per plant, and spraying once every 7-10 days.

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