Fire grate incinerator

Abstract

The grate incinerator comprises an incinerator body, a combustion chamber and a secondary smoke combustion chamber are arranged in the incinerator body, the combustion chamber is communicated with the secondary smoke combustion chamber through a high-temperature smoke exhaust port device, and the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device is arranged on an upper cover plate of the tail end wall of the combustion chamber or two side wall corners of the tail end upper cover plate of the combustion chamber. A high-temperature smoke exhaust port device is arranged in the combustion chamber, an air gate is arranged on the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device and can be closed and opened through rotating handles on the two sides, and when the air gate is opened, the combustion chamber is communicated with the secondary smoke combustion chamber through the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device. After the secondary flue gas combustion chamber is combined to thoroughly combust waste gas and waste liquid, and the desulfurization, denitrification and adsorption tower, the cyclone separation device and the cloth bag dust removal equipment are comprehensively innovated, the flue gas emission is superior to the national standard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an incinerator, in particular to a grate incinerator. Background Art

[0002] Background of existing grate incinerators: Existing grate incinerators have a wide range of uses in the market, such as coal incineration power generation, domestic waste incineration and biomass incineration power generation, which have a large market share.

[0003] The existing incinerator equipment technology and process design are primitive. For example, the high-temperature flue gas exhaust port of the incinerator is set in the middle of the front cover. The purpose is to make the new material entering the furnace a moisture-exhausting and drying end, which is conducive to the rapid drying and ignition of the material. The middle end of the grate is the high-temperature combustion end, which is located at the fire reflection and concentration end of the high-temperature flue gas exhaust port above, which is conducive to high-temperature combustion. However, the end of the furnace bed accounts for 40% of the total length of the furnace bed and is the combustion and burnout end. When all the incinerated materials are to be burned out, they run to the end with low calorific value and weak firepower. The generated heat energy is promptly sucked to the high-temperature exhaust port by the wind force of the induced draft fan and discharged to produce steam for power generation. The end furnace wall and the upper cover plate also have no high-temperature reflection force, resulting in a large loss of slag due to incomplete combustion, especially for the incineration of domestic garbage, which has great environmental pressure. In order to increase the combustion rate of slag ash, oil has to be sprayed at the end to assist combustion, which will cause high operating costs and other undesirable factors. Therefore, there is a lot of room for improvement. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a grate incinerator.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A grate incinerator comprises a furnace body, which comprises a combustion chamber and a secondary smoke combustion chamber. The combustion chamber and the secondary smoke combustion chamber are connected through a high-temperature smoke exhaust port device. The high-temperature smoke exhaust port device is arranged at the upper cover plate of the end wall of the combustion chamber or at the corners of the upper cover plate on both sides of the end wall of the combustion chamber. A damper is provided on the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device. The damper can be closed and opened by rotating handles on both sides. When opened, the combustion chamber is connected to the secondary smoke combustion chamber through the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device.

[0007] An isolation device is provided at the upper middle part of the front end of the combustion chamber, and a material limiting end is provided at the lower end of the isolation device.

[0008] A grate structure is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and the bottom of the grate structure is connected to multiple slag ash bins, wherein multiple ignition oxygen supply devices are arranged outside the connection between the slag ash bin under the end of the grate structure and the end wall of the combustion chamber; a special ignition air duct device is provided at the top of the combustion chamber to communicate with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber.

[0009] The grate structure includes a three-section combined grate, including an upper section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device, a middle section movable grate device and a lower section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device. The three sections of the grate devices are connected end to end to form a step, and are staggered up and down, and the three sections of the grate devices are arranged in three sections with different inclinations in the combustion chamber, wherein the movable grate includes an active roller, a driven roller and a rotating grate located on the active roller and the driven roller, and the active roller is connected to a motor outside the furnace body, wherein the middle section movable grate device and the slag ash bin below the lower section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device are connected to the slag ash conveying device, and a discharge port is provided below the slag ash bin below the upper section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device, and an electromagnetic valve is provided on the discharge port.

[0010] The upper end of the ignition-specific air induced duct device is communicated with the top of the combustion chamber, and the lower end is communicated with the secondary smoke combustion chamber. The ignition-specific air induced duct device is provided with an ignition-specific air damper.

[0011] An outlet is provided at the rear end of the secondary flue gas combustion chamber, and the outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler.

[0012] A feeding port and a feeding device are provided at the upper left end of the combustion chamber, and a hydraulic pusher device is provided in the feeding device.

[0013] A reinforced concrete combined supporting column is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and two to three inclined reinforced concrete load-bearing beam structures and an inclined platform railing are arranged above the reinforced concrete combined supporting column.

[0014] The combustion chamber and the upper cover plate of the secondary smoke combustion chamber are provided with a plurality of temperature measuring instrument device pipes and safety exhaust valves in sections, both of which are connected to the two chambers.

[0015] An automatic oxygen supply device is arranged above the secondary flue gas combustion chamber, and a secondary automatic air supply device specially arranged for coal-to-gas power generation is reserved for burning coal.

[0016] A blower is also provided below the furnace body, and the blower is connected to the bottom of the grate structure in the combustion chamber through an air duct.

[0017] An observation window is also provided on the right side of the furnace body.

[0018] The technical effects of the present invention are remarkable: the grate incinerator designed by the present invention is provided with an isolation device in the upper middle part of the combustion chamber to connect with the limiting end; a high-temperature flue gas outlet device is provided at the upper cover plate of the end wall of the combustion chamber and is connected with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber; a wind gate is provided on the high-temperature flue gas outlet device, and a two-stage combined concave-convex tile-type fixed grate device is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber; the upper end of the ignition-specific induced air duct device is connected with the top of the combustion chamber, and the lower end is connected with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber, and the ignition-specific induced air duct device is provided with an ignition-specific wind gate; after the above technical innovations and improvements, the invention has the following innovations:

[0019] 1. During the production and ignition period, by opening the special induced draft duct device for ignition and closing the air damper, it is convenient to control and ensure that when the upper front section of the grate structure is burning, all the high-temperature flue gas generated enters the secondary flue gas combustion chamber along the special induced draft duct device for ignition, realizing the special function of back-burning, so that the upper front section of the grate structure can be burned, thereby achieving the characteristics of fast drainage, fast ignition and high combustion efficiency;

[0020] After the ignition time period is over, the combustion chamber is connected with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber by closing the induced draft duct device dedicated to ignition and opening the air damper. The materials on the grate structure begin to burn from top to bottom, and the high-temperature flue gas generated is sucked by the induced draft fan, causing all the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber to turbulently flow into the high-temperature flue gas outlet device to the secondary flue gas combustion chamber, so that the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber contains various harmful substances from top to bottom, which increases the high-temperature combustion time and causes the high-concentration mixed flue gas to burn fully and thoroughly. At the same time, it completely changes the sequelae of the existing grate furnace end belonging to the severe high-temperature environment of the burnout section, and the material is difficult to burn out.

[0021] 2. Optimize the combustion process: By setting up an isolation device and a grate structure in the combustion chamber, the materials entering the combustion chamber can be effectively restricted, a uniform fire bed can be provided, uniform combustion can be achieved, ash can be discharged in time, the combustion and burnout process of slag ash can be optimized, and the combustion efficiency can be improved. The three-stage combined grate can quickly and conveniently allow the combustion materials to enter the end of the combustion chamber. At the same time, the slag ash bin under the end of the grate structure and the end wall of the combustion chamber are connected with multiple ignition and oxygen supply devices on the outside, which can facilitate the ignition work before production.

[0022] 3. Convenient operation: Through the design of the special induced draft duct device and the air gate for ignition, the ignition time period can be easily controlled to ensure the special function that all high-temperature flue gases generated by the front-end materials on the grate are burned back. After the ignition time period, the materials on the grate structure are burned from top to bottom, the special induced draft duct device for ignition is closed, and the air gate is opened. Under the action of the induced draft fan, all the high-temperature flue gases in the combustion chamber are sucked into the high-temperature flue gas outlet to the secondary flue gas combustion chamber to the waste heat boiler to produce steam to achieve normal operation. At the same time, a temperature measuring device pipe and a safety exhaust valve are provided to effectively control the temperature and exhaust gas and improve the safety of the equipment.

[0023] 4. Improve equipment life: Since the grate incinerator adopts a fixed bed setting, has no mechanical power, and has a row of concave-convex tile-shaped fixed grate devices inclined from top to bottom, it is durable and has a long service life.

[0024] 5. Reduce environmental pollution: By improving the combustion chamber, the high-temperature flue gas combustion time is increased, combined with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber to burn the waste gas and waste liquid thoroughly, and after comprehensive innovation of desulfurization and denitrification and adsorption towers, cyclone separation devices and bag dust removal equipment, flue gas emissions will definitely be better than national standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the effect structure of the implementation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0029] A grate incinerator comprises a furnace body 1, which comprises a combustion chamber 2 and a secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3. The combustion chamber 2 is connected with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3 through a high-temperature flue gas outlet device 4. The high-temperature flue gas outlet device 4 is arranged at the upper cover plate of the end wall of the combustion chamber 2 or at the corners of the upper cover plate on both sides of the end of the combustion chamber. A damper door 5 is arranged on the high-temperature flue gas outlet device 4. The damper door 5 can be closed and opened by rotating handles 6 on both sides. When opened, the combustion chamber 2 is connected with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3 through the high-temperature flue gas outlet device 4.

[0030] An isolation device 7 is provided at the upper middle portion of the front end of the combustion chamber 2 , and a material limiting end 8 is provided at the lower end of the isolation device 7 .

[0031] A grate structure is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, and the bottom of the grate structure is connected to multiple slag ash bins 9, wherein multiple ignition oxygen supply devices 10 are arranged outside the connection between the slag ash bin 9 under the end of the grate structure and the end wall of the combustion chamber 2; a special ignition air duct device 13 is provided at the top of the combustion chamber 2 and is connected to the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3.

[0032] The grate structure includes a three-section combined grate 11, including an upper concave-convex tile type fixed grate device 1101, a middle section movable grate device 1102 and a lower section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device 1103. The three sections of the grate devices are connected end to end to form a step, and are staggered up and down, and the three sections of the grate devices are arranged in three sections with different inclinations in the combustion chamber, wherein the movable grate 1102 includes an active roller, a driven roller and a rotating grate located on the active roller and the driven roller, and the active roller is connected to a motor outside the furnace body, wherein the middle section movable grate device and the slag ash bin 9 under the lower section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device are connected to the slag ash conveying device 12, and a discharge port is provided below the slag ash bin 9 under the upper section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device 1101, and an electromagnetic valve is provided on the discharge port.

[0033] The upper end of the dedicated ignition air induced duct device 13 is communicated with the top end of the combustion chamber 2 , and the lower end is communicated with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3 . The dedicated ignition air induced duct device 13 is provided with a dedicated ignition air damper 14 .

[0034] An outlet 15 is provided at the rear end of the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3 , and the outlet can be connected to the waste heat boiler 16 .

[0035] A feed port 14 and a feed device are provided at the upper left end of the combustion chamber 2, and a hydraulic pusher device is provided in the feed device.

[0036] A reinforced concrete combined support column 26 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 , and two to three inclined reinforced concrete load-bearing beam structures and an inclined platform railing 27 are arranged above the reinforced concrete combined support column 26 .

[0037] The upper cover plates of the combustion chamber 2 and the secondary smoke combustion chamber 3 are provided with a plurality of temperature measuring instrument pipes 17 and safety exhaust valves 18 in sections, both of which are connected to the two chambers.

[0038] An automatic oxygen supply device 19 is provided above the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3, and a secondary automatic air supply device 19 is provided specially for coal-to-gas power generation in order to burn coal.

[0039] A blower 20 is also provided below the furnace body 1 , and the blower 20 is connected to the bottom of the grate structure in the combustion chamber 2 through an air duct.

[0040] An observation window is also provided on the right side of the furnace body.

[0041] Embodiment of the present invention: The grate incinerator designed by the present invention can be connected to the waste heat boiler 16, the flue gas purification equipment 21, the cyclone separator 22, the bag dust collector 23, the induced draft fan 24 and the chimney 25 to form a full-process purification equipment. When the present invention is implemented, firstly, dry firewood or garbage and other combustible materials are prepared, and the grab bucket of the crane is used to grab the dry firewood or garbage and other combustible materials into the feed port 14 in batches, and the hydraulic pusher is started to push the combustible materials in batches onto the grate structure in the combustion chamber 2. After the combustible materials are loaded, the combustion-supporting materials are then supplied to make the grate structure fully covered with the combustible materials and the combustion-supporting materials, and then the ignition stage before production is carried out, and the induced draft fan 20 and the furnace body are started. 1, the blower 20 is firstly used to supply air slowly, and at the same time, the ignition-specific valve 14 on the ignition-specific induced draft pipe device 13 is opened, and the air damper 5 is closed, and the oil burner is used for ignition, and the combustion pipe of the oil burner is inserted into the ignition oxygen supply device 10, and the combustion materials on the grate structure at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2 are burned, and with the suction of the induced draft fan 24, all the combustion materials on the grate structure are burned, and the flames of all the combustion materials are fully introduced upward, and burn through the bottom of the isolation device 7, and the heat energy flue gas goes upward, and is attracted by the induced draft fan 24, and all the heat energy flue gas and moisture enter the ignition-specific induced draft pipe 13 to the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3 for secondary combustion, so as to realize the function of back burning.

[0042] During the ignition process, the staff can slowly feed through the feed port 14 according to the observation window and the actual incineration conditions. After about three hours, the wind gate 5 should be opened and the ignition-specific valve 14 on the ignition-specific draft duct device 13 should be closed. At this time, the combustion chamber 2 is connected to the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3, so that all high-temperature flue gases in the combustion chamber 2 enter the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 3, and then can be used to produce steam or generate electricity in the waste heat boiler for normal operation. The flue gas after the waste heat boiler is treated by flue gas purification equipment such as desulfurization, denitrification, particle adsorption, and dust removal, and then discharged harmlessly to ensure that white water vapor is hardly seen. The waste heat boiler 16 recovers the waste heat of the flue gas, so that the exhaust gas reaches low-temperature and environmentally friendly emission, and can also be used for power generation to provide an appropriate amount of electricity.

[0043] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A grate incinerator, It is characterized in that It includes a furnace body, which includes a combustion chamber and a secondary smoke combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is connected to the secondary smoke combustion chamber through a high-temperature smoke exhaust port device. The high-temperature smoke exhaust port device is arranged at the upper cover plate of the end wall of the combustion chamber or at the corners of the upper cover plate on both sides of the end of the combustion chamber. A wind gate is provided on the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device. The wind gate can be closed and opened by rotating handles on both sides. When opened, the combustion chamber is connected to the secondary smoke combustion chamber through the high-temperature smoke exhaust port device.

2. A grate incinerator according to claim 1, It is characterized in that An isolation device is provided at the upper middle part of the front end of the combustion chamber, and a material limiting end is provided at the lower end of the isolation device.

3. A grate incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that A grate structure is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and the bottom of the grate structure is connected to multiple slag ash bins, wherein multiple ignition oxygen supply devices are arranged outside the connection between the slag ash bin under the end of the grate structure and the end wall of the combustion chamber; a special ignition air duct device is provided at the top of the combustion chamber to communicate with the secondary flue gas combustion chamber.

4. A grate incinerator according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The grate structure includes a three-section combined grate, including an upper section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device, a middle section movable grate device and a lower section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device. The three sections of the grate devices are connected end to end to form a step, and are staggered up and down, and the three sections of the grate devices are arranged in three sections with different inclinations in the combustion chamber, wherein the movable grate includes an active roller, a driven roller and a rotating grate located on the active roller and the driven roller, and the active roller is connected to a motor outside the furnace body, wherein the middle section movable grate device and the slag ash bin below the lower section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device are connected to the slag ash conveying device, and a discharge port is provided below the slag ash bin below the upper section concave-convex tile type fixed grate device, and an electromagnetic valve is provided on the discharge port.

5. A grate incinerator according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The upper end of the ignition-specific air induced duct device is communicated with the top of the combustion chamber, and the lower end is communicated with the secondary smoke combustion chamber. The ignition-specific air induced duct device is provided with an ignition-specific air damper.

6. A grate incinerator according to claim 1, It is characterized in that An outlet is provided at the rear end of the secondary flue gas combustion chamber, and the outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler.

7. A grate incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that A feeding port and a feeding device are provided at the upper left end of the combustion chamber, and a hydraulic pusher device is provided in the feeding device.

8. The grate incinerator according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A reinforced concrete combined supporting column is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and two to three inclined reinforced concrete load-bearing beam structures and an inclined walkway railing are arranged above the reinforced concrete combined supporting column. A blower is also arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the blower is connected to the bottom of the grate structure in the combustion chamber through an air duct. An observation window is also arranged on the right side of the furnace body.

9. A grate incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The combustion chamber and the upper cover plate of the secondary smoke combustion chamber are provided with a plurality of temperature measuring instrument device pipes and safety exhaust valves in sections, both of which are connected to the two chambers.

10. The grate incinerator according to claim 1, It is characterized in that An automatic oxygen supply device is arranged above the secondary flue gas combustion chamber, and a secondary automatic air supply device specially arranged for coal-to-gas power generation is reserved for burning coal.

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