Garbage resource utilization device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to a garbage resource utilization device which mainly comprises garbage pretreatment equipment, a feeder, an anaerobic pyrolyzing furnace, a thermal cracking tubular furnace, a flue gas purification device, a gas-liquid separator, an alkali liquor pump, a gas deacidification tower, a gas buffer tank, a compressor I, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator, a compressor II, a hydrogen storage tank, a carbon residue storage tank and a condenser. An induced draft fan and a chimney; gas-phase products obtained after garbage pyrolysis are mixed with water vapor and then subjected to thermal cracking in the high-temperature cracking tube furnace at the temperature of 1000-1300 DEG C to become hydrogen and carbon residues, the hydrogen conversion rate is high, and the device is simple in structure, convenient to process and purchase and easy to operate and has good industrial practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of devices for recycling garbage resources, and belongs to a device for preparing hydrogen from garbage. Background Art

[0002] There have been reports on the production of hydrogen from garbage. In CN115386400 A "System and method for producing hydrogen from organic garbage", it is disclosed that organic garbage is pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier to produce fuel gas to extract hydrogen. The gasifier includes a fixed bed gasifier, a fluidized bed gasifier and an entrained bed gasifier. It is known that in the above-mentioned gasifier, the gas after the pyrolysis of the material flows through the high-temperature combustion zone for a short time, the degree of thermal cracking of the material is low, and the discharged gas is condensed to produce a large amount of hydrocarbon oil (C5-C 25) and biomass tar (including wood acetic acid, wood tar), but the yield of non-condensed gas phase is low, resulting in a low yield of organic waste raw materials converted into hydrogen (H2); in CN113913203A "A method for producing hydrogen from organic waste", it is disclosed that 8% of calcium carbide slag, dolomite and iron block catalyst are added to the crushed organic waste to make RDF fuel or fuel rods, the RDF combustion rods are subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis treatment in a rotary kiln to obtain heavy tar and mixed gas, washing tower A and washing tower B are used to treat the exhaust gas after combustion, and CuCl ammonia solution is used to absorb C0 in the exhaust gas to meet environmental standards. The process flow is complicated and the processing cost is high; in particular, the high temperature of 1000°C in the rotary kiln for RDF pyrolysis requires the temperature outside the kiln wall to be far more than 1000°C to heat the outer wall of the rotary kiln. The high-temperature heating of the outer wall of the rotary kiln is very easy to cause the outer wall of the rotating equipment to be deformed and damaged by heat, and industrial production is difficult , high energy consumption; in the rotary kiln, solid catalysts such as carbide slag, dolomite and iron blocks are not easy to fully contact with the gas phase products of heavy tar pyrolysis, and it is not easy to have a "gas phase-solid phase" catalytic reaction. It is difficult for heavy tar to be catalytically decomposed into hydrogen. Solid catalysts such as carbide slag, dolomite and iron blocks are not scientific and effective CO conversion catalysts. During the rotation of the rotary kiln, the flowing gas phase has little contact time with the solid catalyst, and it is difficult for the carbon monoxide produced by pyrolysis to undergo a conversion reaction with water vapor to be converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide; the final product contains light tar, and the light tar (containing H element) is not converted into hydrogen, resulting in a decrease in the conversion rate of hydrogen produced from organic waste; in particular, the hydrogen products after treatment by the scrubber A and the scrubber B also contain a large amount of other small molecular organic gas components (such as CH4, C2-C5), resulting in low purity of the product hydrogen and poor industrial applicability; in CN206318700 U "System for producing hydrogen from garbage" discloses that garbage is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis device, and the high-temperature oil and gas produced by the pyrolysis are condensed and separated from oil and water. The fuel gas, light oil and heavy oil after the oil and water separation are respectively supplied to the pyrolysis gas cracking chamber and the pyrolysis oil cracking chamber in the cracking device for cracking and hydrogen production; the high-temperature oil and gas discharged after the pyrolysis of the garbage are cooled, condensed and separated from oil and water to obtain room temperature fuel gas and intermediate products such as light oil and heavy oil, and the intermediate products such as light oil and heavy oil are heated from room temperature to high temperature again to carry out high-temperature thermal cracking to produce hydrogen, that is, from high temperature to room temperature, and then from room temperature to high temperature, which greatly increases the energy consumption cost of hydrogen production, has a long process flow and a large investment; in particular, there is a problem that heavy oil is severely carbonized and coked when cracked at high temperature, which blocks equipment pipelines and solid catalysts. Summary of the invention

[0003] The utility model aims at the deficiencies of the prior art and provides an improved device for recycling garbage. The device mainly comprises garbage pretreatment equipment, a feeder, an oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace, a pyrolysis tubular furnace, a flue gas purification device, a gas-liquid separator, an alkali liquid pump, a gas deacidification tower, a gas buffer tank, a compressor 1, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator, a compressor 2, a hydrogen storage tank, a residual carbon storage tank, a condenser, an induced draft fan and a chimney.

[0004] The discharge port of the garbage pretreatment equipment is connected to the inlet of the feeder through a belt conveyor, the discharge port of the feeder is connected to the feed port of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace, the gas outlet of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace is connected to the gas inlet of the thermal cracking tube in the thermal cracking tube furnace through a pipeline; the residual carbon outlet at the bottom of one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace is connected to the residual carbon inlet of the residual carbon storage tank through a pipeline; the shell of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a heating chamber, the inlet of the heating chamber is connected to the flue gas outlet of the heating furnace through a flue, and the heating The first flue gas outlet of the hot chamber is connected to the flue gas inlet of the flue gas purification device through a flue gas pipe; the second heating furnace is connected to the second inlet of the heating chamber of the pyrolysis tubular furnace through a flue duct, and the second flue gas outlet of the heating chamber of the pyrolysis tubular furnace is connected to the flue gas inlet of the flue gas purification device through a pipeline; the third flue gas outlet on the flue gas purification device is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan through a pipeline, and the outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the inlet of the chimney through a pipeline; the second outlet of the thermal cracking tube in the pyrolysis tubular furnace is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan through a pipeline; the second outlet of the thermal cracking tube in the pyrolysis tubular furnace is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan through a pipeline. The condenser is connected to the air inlet 2 of the condenser, the air outlet 3 of the condenser is connected to the air inlet 3 on the top of the gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, the air outlet 4 on the upper side of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the air inlet 4 of the gas deacidification tower through a pipeline; the air outlet 5 on the top of the gas deacidification tower is connected to the air inlet 5 of the gas buffer tank through a pipeline; the air outlet 6 of the gas buffer tank is connected to the air inlet 6 of the compressor 1 through a pipeline, and the air outlet 9 of the compressor 1 is connected to the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separator through a pipeline. The air inlet 7 of the hydrogen generator is connected; the air outlet 8 of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator is connected to the burner inlet of the heating furnace 1 through a pipeline; the air outlet 7 of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator is connected to the air inlet of the compressor 2 through a pipeline, the air outlet 10 of the compressor 2 is connected to the air inlet 8 on the hydrogen storage tank through a check valve and a pipeline, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen valve, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen valve is equipped with a hydrogen outlet pipe;

[0005] The pretreatment equipment includes a garbage grabber, a bag breaker, a drum sorter, a wind separator, a magnetic separator and a dryer, and belongs to a garbage pretreatment device commonly used in a domestic waste incineration power plant. The domestic waste is fed by a grabber, conveyed by a belt, bag-broken, and sorted to remove ironware, wet kitchen waste and soil, thereby obtaining light organic combustibles. The light organic combustibles are dried and dehydrated to obtain pretreated combustibles. The "A Domestic Waste Pretreatment Device" (ZL202321687655.1) can be used to pretreat domestic waste, collect pretreated combustibles and keep them for standby use.

[0006] The feeder is a product of a motor-driven hydraulic reciprocating feeder or an electric screw conveyor;

[0007] The oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace is a decomposition furnace in an oxygen-free environment. The raw materials are cracked or distilled after being indirectly heated in the pyrolysis gasification furnace in an oxygen-free environment. The thermal cracking temperature is 350-500°C, the pressure is 0.01-0.1MPa, and the products are residual carbon and gaseous products. It belongs to the well-known equipment for preparing combustion charcoal by carbonization and distillation of wood. The gaseous products are discharged from the top gas outlet 1 at one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace, and the residual carbon is discharged from the residual carbon outlet at the lower part of one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace. The heating furnace 1 is a conventional device for heating the cracking furnace in the petrochemical industry, which can be heated by gas, oil, or high-temperature plasma flame.

[0008] The thermal cracking tube furnace is as follows: Figure 2 , which is composed of a heat column tube and a heating chamber 2. The heat cracking tube is a high-temperature resistant seamless steel tube. The inner wall of the heating chamber 2 is equipped with refractory heat-insulating materials. The high temperature of 1100-1300℃ generated by the combustion of fuel oil and gas is used to heat the heat cracking tube arranged in the heating chamber 2. The material flowing in the heat cracking tube is heated and thermally cracked; the thermal cracking tube furnace belongs to a high-temperature cracking tube furnace in an oxygen-free environment of the petrochemical industry. It adopts the principle of indirect heating and uses the heating methods of radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer; under the condition of air isolation, organic matter is heated at high temperature. Carbon chain cleavage or dehydrogenation occurs in the thermal cracking tube in the warm cracking tubular furnace; other equipment models of the thermal cracking tubular furnace include: SRT cracking furnace of Lummus Company, USC cracking furnace of SW, millisecond vertical cracking furnace of Kellogg Company, GK-1 cracking furnace of KTI Company and CBL cracking furnace of my country, whose main structure includes five parts: radiation chamber, convection chamber, waste heat recovery and cooling system, burner and ventilation system; their common principle is: to make organic matter undergo thermal cracking or thermal decomposition in an oxygen-free environment.

[0009] The condenser is a shell and tube condenser used in the well-known petrochemical industry. High-temperature gas flows in the shell side, and cold water flows in the tube side, which belongs to indirect heat exchange. The cold water flowing in the tube side cools down the high-temperature gas flowing in the shell side and condenses it to room temperature.

[0010] The gas-liquid separation equipment is a gas-liquid separation equipment used in the petrochemical industry. The gas is discharged from the gas outlet 4 at the upper part of the equipment, and the liquid phase of oil and water is discharged from the side wall pipe valve at the lower part of the equipment.

[0011] The gas deacidification tower is a gas deacidification equipment in the petrochemical industry, which has the function of removing acidic gas, and includes an alkali washing tower, which uses an alkali pump to extract alkali (such as sodium hydroxide solution) for spraying, so that the acidic substances in the gas (such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide) are directly in contact with the sprayed alkali solution, and the acidic substances in the gas are removed by acid-base reaction, and the dust in the gas is washed away by liquid;

[0012] The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator is a process and equipment for separating gases by pressure swing adsorption (PSA). The principle is to utilize the selective adsorption of different adsorbents by the adopted adsorbent and the characteristics that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for the adsorbent varies with the pressure. Under the selective adsorption conditions of the adsorbent, the raw gas is passed through the adsorption bed under pressure, and the impurity gas components in the raw material are removed by high-pressure adsorption, and these impurity gas components are desorbed under low pressure to regenerate the adsorbent; small molecular hydrogen is not adsorbed but passes through the adsorption bed, so as to achieve the separation of hydrogen and impurity gas components and obtain product hydrogen; such as the PSA pressure swing adsorption hydrogen separation equipment produced by Suzhou Saipu Air Separation Technology Co., Ltd.

[0013] The compressor 1 is a gas compressor on the market;

[0014] The compressor 2 is a hydrogen compressor on the market;

[0015] The gas buffer tank is a gas storage tank used in the petrochemical industry;

[0016] The hydrogen storage tank is a hydrogen storage tank used in the petrochemical industry;

[0017] The flue gas purification device belongs to the flue gas purification device discharged from the industrial combustion furnace of oil and gas, including alkali liquid deacidification tower, electrostatic precipitator, activated carbon adsorption box and UV photo-oxidation catalytic integrated machine;

[0018] The garbage includes: domestic garbage, organic waste from agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, organic waste from industry, straw and organic waste from landfills;

[0019] Generally, garbage contains hydrocarbon wastes such as waste plastics, waste rubber, nylon, leather, organic polymer synthetic materials, etc., which are composed of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), and also contains biomass wastes such as straw, agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry organic wastes (i.e. branches, leaves, grass, roots), paper scraps, ropes, cotton cloth, sawdust, etc., which are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (0);

[0020] In the pyrolysis and gasification of organic matter in the above-mentioned garbage, hydrocarbon substances (such as waste plastics, waste rubber, waste engine oil, and oil sludge) are dry distilled or pyrolyzed and gasified, and small molecular hydrocarbon gas products and residual carbon are obtained after pyrolysis and gasification: Among them, hydrocarbon substances such as waste plastics (PP, PE, PS, PVC) and waste rubber (NR, SR, SBR, CR, NBR, EPM) are pyrolyzed in isolation from air:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, C is the solid carbon residue product after pyrolysis and gasification in the absence of air, CH4-C5H 12 It is a non-condensable flammable gas, C6H 14 -C9H 20 is the gasoline component, C 10 H 14 -C8H 18 Kerosene component, C 11 H 24 -C 20 H 42 Diesel oil components, C 21 H 44 -C 30 H 62 It is a heavy oil component;

[0023] In the pyrolysis and gasification of organic matter in the above-mentioned garbage, biomass (such as branches, leaves, grass, roots, paper scraps, ropes, cotton cloth, sawdust, animal feces, livestock and poultry hair, animal and plant oils and fats, kitchen waste) is pyrolyzed and gasified, and wood gas (including CH4, CO, CO2, H2, C2H6, C2H4), gaseous products of wood tar components and wood acetic acid components and residual carbon are obtained after pyrolysis and gasification. The gas contains a trace amount of sulfide gas:

[0024] Biomass Wood gas + wood tar + wood acetic acid + H2S + SO2 + CO2;

[0025] Gas products after pyrolysis and gasification of hydrocarbons and biomass (including: CH4, CO, CO2, H2, C2H6, C2H4, wood gas, wood tar components, wood acetic acid components and C2H6-C 30 H 62 Hydrocarbon gas) is directly transported to the thermal cracking tube furnace for oxygen-free high-temperature cracking at 1000-1300℃, and an appropriate amount of water vapor is introduced. Indirect heating radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer are used to cause carbon chain breakage and hydrogen production reaction:

[0026] (Biomass high temperature pyrolysis reaction)

[0027] (High temperature cracking reaction of hydrocarbons)

[0028] Carbon residue is produced during high-temperature cracking, and the carbon residue reacts with water vapor to produce hydrogen. At the same time, the blockage of equipment pipelines caused by carbon residue during high-temperature cracking is eliminated, and the carbon residue is converted into hydrogen, thereby increasing the yield of hydrogen.

[0029]

[0030] The gas phase product after the above cracking contains sulfide (such as H2S, SO2) or chloride (HCL) brought from the garbage raw materials. The sodium hydroxide liquid in the wet gas deacidification tower absorbs H2S, SO2, HCL and CO2 in the gas for deacidification. The wet deacidification reaction principle is as follows:

[0031] 2NaOH+SO2=Na2SO3+H2O

[0032] H2S+2NaOH=Na2S+2H2O

[0033] HCL+NaOH=NaCL+H2O

[0034] 2NaOH+CO2=H2O+Na2CO3

[0035] After the above-mentioned wet desulfurization and dechlorination treatment, the chlorine and sulfur content in the gaseous substances can be reduced from 10000mg / m 3 Reduced to 30 mg / m 3 The following meets the requirements of the "Standard for Pollution Control of Municipal Waste Incineration (GB18485-2014)".

[0036] The utility model directly transports the gaseous products of organic matter in garbage after pyrolysis and gasification to a high-temperature cracking furnace for high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis at 1000-1300°C, and directly cracks the gaseous products of macromolecular hydrocarbons, wood tar and wood acetic acid into hydrogen and residual carbon; in particular, water vapor is introduced, and the residual carbon is contacted with the water vapor to generate a water gas reaction to generate hydrogen-rich combustible gas that does not contain biomass tar and wood acetic acid, thereby improving the conversion rate of hydrogen and curbing and overcoming the blockage of equipment pipelines by residual carbon produced by high-temperature cracking, which is one of the characteristics of the utility model;

[0037] The utility model adopts PSA pressure swing adsorption equipment with stable process operation to purify and separate hydrogen, which is a low-cost equipment technology that can separate high-purity hydrogen. The purity of the purified hydrogen is above 99.99% (wt%), which is the second feature of the utility model;

[0038] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0039] 1. The gaseous products of the solid combustibles in the garbage after pyrolysis and gasification are directly transported to the high-temperature cracking tubular furnace, where they undergo high-temperature cracking at 1000-1300°C under the action of water vapor. The high-temperature cracking directly cracks the gaseous organic matter (such as gaseous wood tar, wood acetic acid, methanol, and hydrocarbons) into hydrogen and residual carbon. The hydrogen conversion rate is high, there is no tar blocking the equipment, the process flow is short, the operating cost is low, the thermal utilization rate is high, and it has a good prospect for promotion and application;

[0040] 2. Steam is introduced into the high-temperature cracking tubular furnace, and the steam reacts with the residual carbon produced during high-temperature cracking to generate hydrogen, which improves the conversion rate of hydrogen and curbs and overcomes the blockage of the equipment pipeline by the residual carbon produced during high-temperature cracking;

[0041] 3. The equipment of the utility model has a simple structure, is easy to purchase and process, easy to operate, safe and reliable, and has advanced industrial applicability; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device structure for recycling garbage in the utility model;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the thermal cracking tubular furnace structure for implementing the utility model;

[0044] exist Figure 1 and Figure 21-garbage pretreatment equipment, 2-feeder, 3-oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace, 4-discharging port, 5-heating chamber 1, 6-smoke outlet 1, 7-outlet 1, 8-inlet 1, 9-pyrolysis tubular furnace, 10-pyrolysis pipe, 11-outlet 2, 12-smoke outlet 2, 13-flue 2, 14-heating furnace 2, 15-residual carbon outlet, 16-combustion gas inlet, 17-flue 1, 18-heating furnace 1, 19-smoke purification device, 20-smoke outlet 3, 21-induced draft fan, 22-chimney, 23-inlet 2, 24-outlet 3, 25-inlet 3, 26-outlet 4, 27-gas-liquid separator, 28-belt conveyor, 29-stop valve, 30-alkali liquid pump, 31-inlet 4, 32-steam generator generator, 33-gas deacidification tower, 34-gas outlet five, 35--gas inlet five, 36-gas buffer tank, 37-gas outlet six, 38-gas inlet six, 39-compressor one, 40-gas inlet seven, 41-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator, 42-gas outlet seven, 43-gas outlet eight, 44-electric stirring device, 45-compressor two, 46-flue gas inlet, 47-gas outlet nine, 48-gas outlet ten, 49-check valve, 50-gas inlet eight, 51-hydrogen storage tank, 52-high-pressure hydrogen valve, 53-residual carbon storage tank, 54-gate valve, 55-residual carbon inlet, 56-flue gas pipe, 57-steam valve, 58-condenser, 59-oil-water mixed liquid, 60-refractory insulation material, 61-heating chamber two; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations, but the embodiments are not limited thereto;

[0046] The utility model aims at the deficiencies of the prior art and provides an improved device for recycling garbage resources. The device for recycling garbage resources mainly comprises garbage pretreatment equipment (1), a feeder (2), an oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3), a thermal cracking tubular furnace (9), a flue gas purification device (19), a gas-liquid separator (27), an alkali liquid pump (30), a gas deacidification tower (33), a gas buffer tank (36), a compressor 1 (39), a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41), a compressor 2 (45), a hydrogen storage tank (51), a residual carbon storage tank (53), a condenser (58), an induced draft fan (21) and a chimney (22); the device is characterized in that:

[0047] The discharge port of the garbage pretreatment equipment (1) is connected to the inlet of the feeder (2) through a conveyor (28), the discharge port (4) of the feeder (2) is connected to the feed port of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3), the gas outlet (7) of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is connected to the gas inlet (8) of the thermal cracking tube (10) in the thermal cracking tube furnace (9) through a pipeline; the residual carbon outlet (15) at the bottom of one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is connected to the residual carbon inlet (55) of the residual carbon storage tank (53) through a pipeline; the outer shell of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is equipped with a heating chamber (5), the heating furnace (18) is connected to the inlet of the heating chamber (5) through a flue (17), and the flue gas outlet (6) of the heating chamber (5) is connected to the inlet of the heating chamber (5). ) is connected to the smoke inlet (46) of the smoke purification device (19) through a smoke pipe (56); the heating furnace (14) is connected to the inlet of the second heating chamber (61) of the pyrolysis tubular furnace (9) through a second flue (13); the second smoke outlet (12) of the second heating chamber (61) of the pyrolysis tubular furnace (9) is connected to the smoke inlet (46) of the smoke purification device (19) through a pipeline; the third smoke outlet (20) on the smoke purification device (19) is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan (21) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the induced draft fan (21) is connected to the inlet of the chimney (22) through a pipeline; the second gas outlet (11) of the pyrolysis tube (10) in the pyrolysis tubular furnace (9) is connected to the second gas outlet (11) through a fuel gas pipe (57) The air inlet 2 (23) of the condenser (58) is connected to the air inlet 3 (25) on the top of the gas-liquid separator (27) through a pipeline, and the air outlet 4 (26) on the upper side of the gas-liquid separator (27) is connected to the air inlet 4 (31) of the gas deacidification tower (33) through a pipeline; the air outlet 5 (34) on the top of the gas deacidification tower (33) is connected to the air inlet 5 (35) of the gas buffer tank (36) through a pipeline; the air outlet 6 (37) of the gas buffer tank (36) is connected to the air inlet 6 (38) of the compressor 1 (39) through a pipeline, and the air outlet 9 (47) of the compressor 1 (39) is connected to the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) through a pipeline. The gas inlet seven (40) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) is connected to the gas inlet eight (43) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) through a pipeline and connected to the burner inlet (16) of the heating furnace one (18); the gas outlet seven (42) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) is connected to the gas inlet of the compressor two (45) through a pipeline, the gas outlet ten (48) of the compressor two (45) is connected to the gas inlet eight (50) on the hydrogen storage tank (51) through a check valve (49) and a pipeline, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank (51) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen valve (52), and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen valve (52) is provided with a hydrogen outlet pipe;

[0048] The garbage pretreatment equipment (1) comprises a garbage grabber, a bag breaker, a drum sorter, a wind separator, a magnetic separator and a dryer, and is a garbage pretreatment device commonly used in domestic waste incineration power plants. The "A Domestic Waste Pretreatment Device" (ZL202321687655.1) can be used to pretreat domestic waste;

[0049] The feeder (2) is a product of a motor-driven hydraulic reciprocating feeder or an electric screw conveyor;

[0050] The oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is a decomposition furnace in an oxygen-free environment. The raw materials are indirectly heated in the pyrolysis gasification furnace in an oxygen-free environment and then cracked or distilled. The thermal cracking temperature is 350-500°C and the pressure is 0.01-0.1MPa. The products are residual carbon and gaseous products. It is a well-known device for producing combustion charcoal by carbonization and distillation of wood. The gaseous products are discharged from the top gas outlet (7) at one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3), and the residual carbon is discharged from the residual carbon outlet (15) at the lower part of one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace. The heating furnace (18) is a conventional device for heating the cracking furnace in the petrochemical industry, and can be heated by gas, oil or high-temperature plasma flame.

[0051] The thermal cracking tube furnace (9) is shown in Figure 2 , consisting of a thermal cracking tube (10) and a second heating chamber (61), wherein the thermal cracking tube (10) is a high temperature resistant seamless steel tube, and the inner wall of the second heating chamber (61) is provided with a refractory heat-insulating material (60), and the thermal cracking tube (10) provided in the second heating chamber (61) is heated by a high temperature of 1100-1300°C generated by the combustion of fuel oil or gas, and the material flowing in the thermal cracking tube (10) is thermally cracked after being heated; the thermal cracking tubular furnace (9) is a high temperature cracking tubular furnace in an oxygen-free environment of the petrochemical industry;

[0052] The condenser (58) is a shell and tube condenser used in the petrochemical industry, with high-temperature gas flowing in the shell side and cold water flowing in the tube side, which is an indirect heat exchange; the cold water flowing in the tube side cools down the high-temperature gas flowing in the shell side and condenses it to room temperature;

[0053] The gas-liquid separator (27) is a gas-liquid separation device used in the petrochemical industry. The gas is discharged from the gas outlet 26 at the upper part of the device, and the liquid phase (59) of oil and water is discharged from the side wall pipe valve (29) at the lower part of the device.

[0054] The gas deacidification tower (33) is a gas deacidification device in the petrochemical industry;

[0055] The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) belongs to a process and equipment for separating gases by pressure swing adsorption (PSA);

[0056] The compressor 1 (39) is a gas compressor;

[0057] The compressor 2 (45) is a hydrogen compressor;

[0058] The gas buffer tank (36) is a gas storage tank used in the petrochemical industry;

[0059] The hydrogen storage tank (51) is a hydrogen storage tank used in the petrochemical industry;

[0060] The flue gas purification device (19) is a flue gas purification device discharged from an industrial combustion furnace using oil or gas;

[0061] The technical principle of a device for recycling garbage is as follows:

[0062] (1) The first step is anaerobic pyrolysis of organic matter in garbage:

[0063] The pyrolysis and gasification of organic matter in garbage is a process that utilizes the thermal instability of organic matter to break the chemical bonds of compounds under oxygen-free conditions using heat energy to convert large molecular weight organic matter into small molecular weight combustible gas, liquid, fuel and carbon residue.

[0064] (2) The second step is high temperature cracking of gas phase products:

[0065] High-temperature cracking is a process in which the gaseous products after pyrolysis and gasification in the above (1) are subjected to deep thermal cracking at a high temperature of 1000-1300°C in a thermal cracking tube furnace to convert them into hydrogen (H2) and carbon (C); at the same time, high-temperature water vapor is introduced into the thermal cracking tube to allow the water vapor to directly contact with the residual carbon produced in the high-temperature cracking to react with water gas to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, thereby improving the conversion rate of hydrogen and curbing and overcoming the blockage of the equipment pipeline by the residual carbon produced in the high-temperature cracking;

[0066] (3) The third step is separation and purification of hydrogen:

[0067] The gaseous product discharged from the above (2) is sequentially subjected to condensation, gas-liquid separation, gas collection and gas deacidification tower treatment to obtain a mixed gas rich in H2 and other CO, N2, and CH4; a PSA pressure swing adsorption separation device is used to separate and purify the mixed gas rich in H2 and other CO, N2, and CH4 to obtain high-purity hydrogen and other gaseous substances containing CO, N2, and CH4, which are collected and cached for use; the other gaseous substances containing CO, N2, and CH4 from which hydrogen is separated and removed can be introduced into a heating furnace as fuel for combustion to provide heat for thermal decomposition of the raw materials;

[0068] (4) Step 4: Hydrogen storage:

[0069] Using a hydrogen compressor, the hydrogen separated and extracted in (3) is compressed and stored in a hydrogen cylinder for later use;

[0070] Example

[0071] Use organic matter in garbage as raw material to produce hydrogen, see attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including the following steps:

[0072] 1. Pretreatment: Use the equipment and technology of "A Domestic Waste Pretreatment Device" (ZL202321687655.1) to pretreat domestic waste and / or organic matter, collect the pretreated combustibles, and the size of the combustibles is 3-10 cm; or manually sort the domestic waste and / or organic matter, and then transport them to the pretreatment equipment (1) for bag breaking, magnetic separator iron removal, screening or sorting to remove stones and sand, extrusion dehydration or drying, to obtain pretreated combustibles, the size of the combustibles is 3-10 cm;

[0073] 2. Anaerobic pyrolysis: The combustible material of 1 is fed into an oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) isolated from oxygen by a feeder (2), and gas or fuel oil is burned in a heating furnace (18) to indirectly heat the outer wall of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) with high-temperature flue gas. The pyrolysis temperature of the combustible material in the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is controlled at 350-500° C. and the pressure is 0.01-0.1 MPa. After the combustible material is heated, a thermal decomposition reaction occurs to obtain gas phase products and residual carbon. The gas phase products are led out of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3), and the residual carbon is discharged from the residual carbon outlet (15) of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) into a residual carbon storage tank (53) for buffering and utilization;

[0074] 3. High-temperature cracking of gaseous products: The gaseous products discharged from the gas outlet 1 (7) of the above-mentioned oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) are introduced into the thermal cracking tube (10) in the thermal cracking tube furnace (9) through a pipeline for high-temperature cracking. The thermal cracking tube (10) in the thermal cracking tube furnace (9) is heated by the combustion of the gas in the heating furnace 2 (14), so that the gaseous products flowing in the thermal cracking tube (10) reach 1100-1300°C and the gaseous products are deeply cracked. The water generated by the steam generator (32) is heated to 1100-1300°C. Steam is transported to the thermal cracking tube (10) through the steam valve (57), and the water vapor contacts and mixes with the gaseous products discharged from the gas outlet 1 (7) of the above-mentioned oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) in the thermal cracking tube (10) and then enters the thermal cracking tube (10) in the thermal cracking tube furnace (9) for high-temperature cracking; by adopting the radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer of the indirect heating principle, the gaseous products undergo carbon chain scission and dehydrogenation under the dual action of high temperature and water vapor, and the residual carbon is removed to obtain high-temperature combustible gas;

[0075] 4. Condensation and cooling: The high-temperature combustible gas generated by the thermal cracking tubular furnace (9) is introduced into a shell and tube condenser (58) or a waste heat steam boiler to cool to room temperature, and then enters a gas-liquid separator (27) to obtain an oil-water liquid and a non-condensable hydrogen-rich combustible gas. The oil-water liquid is collected and utilized separately by utilizing the mutual immiscibility principle of the oil phase and water, and the hydrogen-rich combustible gas is continuously drawn out from the gas outlet 4 (26) of the gas-liquid separator (27); the composition volume percentage (v%) of the hydrogen-rich combustible gas is as follows:

[0076] Gas composition <![CDATA[H2]]> CO <![CDATA[CO2]]> S <![CDATA[N2]]> <![CDATA[CH4]]> V％ 49.2 18.5 12.8 <![CDATA[2.1g / m 3 ]]> 17.2 1.3

[0077] 4. Removal of acidic gases: The hydrogen-rich combustible gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator (27) in step 4 is transported to a gas deacidification tower (33) for "gas-liquid" two-phase contact to produce an acid-base neutralization reaction, thereby removing sulfide and carbon dioxide from the hydrogen-rich combustible gas, and performing deacidification treatment using a sodium hydroxide solution (the pH of which is controlled at 9-11);

[0078] The following neutralization reaction occurs using caustic soda solution:

[0079] 2NaOH+H2S=2H2O+Na2S;

[0080] 2NaOH+SO2=H2O+Na2SO3;

[0081] 2NaOH+CO2=H2O+Na2CO3;

[0082] The hydrogen-rich combustible gas after the sulfur and carbon dioxide are removed is discharged from the gas deacidification tower (33); the gas composition is as follows:

[0083] Gas composition <![CDATA[H2]]> CO <![CDATA[N2]]> <![CDATA[CH4]]> V％ 56.4 21.2 19.7 1.5

[0084] The hydrogen-rich combustible gas discharged from the gas deacidification tower (33) is transported to a gas buffer tank (36) for buffering and standby use;

[0085] 5. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation and purification of hydrogen:

[0086] The hydrogen-rich combustible gas discharged from the above-mentioned four gas buffer tanks (36) is subjected to hydrogen separation and purification, and a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41), such as the PSA pressure swing adsorption hydrogen separator produced by Suzhou Saipu Air Separation Technology Co., Ltd., is used to separate and purify the hydrogen from the hydrogen-rich combustible gas; compressor 1 (39) is started to input the hydrogen-rich combustible gas discharged from the gas buffer tank (36) into the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41), and the hydrogen-rich combustible gas is compressed, and the impurity gas components in the hydrogen-rich combustible gas are removed through the adsorption bed and high-pressure adsorption. (such as CO, N2, CH4), desorbing these impurity gas components (such as CO, N2, CH4) under low pressure to regenerate the adsorbent; small molecule hydrogen (H2) is not adsorbed but passes through the adsorption bed layer to achieve the separation of hydrogen and impurity gas components (such as CO, N2, CH4), and obtain product hydrogen with a purity of 99.99%; impurity gas components (such as CO, N2, CH4) are discharged from the outlet eight (43) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41), and transported to the heating furnace one (18) as fuel for combustion and heat recovery to heat the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3);

[0087] 6. Storage of hydrogen:

[0088] The hydrogen separated and purified in the above step 5 is discharged from the gas outlet 7 (42) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41), and compressed into the hydrogen storage tank (51) by the compressor 2 (45) for standby use.

Claims

1. A device for recycling garbage, the device mainly comprising garbage pretreatment equipment (1), a feeder (2), an oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3), a thermal cracking tubular furnace (9), a flue gas purification device (19), a gas-liquid separator (27), an alkali liquid pump (30), a gas deacidification tower (33), a gas buffer tank (36), a compressor 1 (39), a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41), a compressor 2 (45), a hydrogen storage tank (51), a residual carbon storage tank (53), a condenser (58), an induced draft fan (21) and a chimney (22); characterized in that: The discharge port of the garbage pretreatment equipment (1) is connected to the inlet of the feeder (2) through a conveyor (28), the discharge port (4) of the feeder (2) is connected to the feed port of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3), the gas outlet (7) of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is connected to the gas inlet (8) of the thermal cracking tube (10) in the thermal cracking tube furnace (9) through a pipeline; the residual carbon outlet (15) at the bottom of one end of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is connected to the residual carbon inlet (55) of the residual carbon storage tank (53) through a pipeline; the outer shell of the oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is equipped with a heating chamber (5), the heating furnace (18) is connected to the inlet of the heating chamber (5) through a flue (17), and the flue gas outlet (6) of the heating chamber (5) is connected to the inlet of the heating chamber (5). ) is connected to the smoke inlet (46) of the smoke purification device (19) through a smoke pipe (56); the heating furnace (14) is connected to the inlet of the second heating chamber (61) of the pyrolysis tubular furnace (9) through a second flue (13); the second smoke outlet (12) of the second heating chamber (61) of the pyrolysis tubular furnace (9) is connected to the smoke inlet (46) of the smoke purification device (19) through a pipeline; the third smoke outlet (20) on the smoke purification device (19) is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan (21) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the induced draft fan (21) is connected to the inlet of the chimney (22) through a pipeline; the second gas outlet (11) of the pyrolysis tube (10) in the pyrolysis tubular furnace (9) is connected to the second gas outlet (11) through a fuel gas pipe (57) The air inlet 2 (23) of the condenser (58) is connected to the air inlet 3 (25) on the top of the gas-liquid separator (27) through a pipeline, and the air outlet 4 (26) on the upper side of the gas-liquid separator (27) is connected to the air inlet 4 (31) of the gas deacidification tower (33) through a pipeline; the air outlet 5 (34) on the top of the gas deacidification tower (33) is connected to the air inlet 5 (35) of the gas buffer tank (36) through a pipeline; the air outlet 6 (37) of the gas buffer tank (36) is connected to the air inlet 6 (38) of the compressor 1 (39) through a pipeline, and the air outlet 9 (47) of the compressor 1 (39) is connected to the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) through a pipeline. The gas inlet seven (40) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) is connected to the gas inlet eight (43) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) through a pipeline and connected to the burner inlet (16) of the heating furnace one (18); the gas outlet seven (42) of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) is connected to the gas inlet of the compressor two (45) through a pipeline, the gas outlet ten (48) of the compressor two (45) is connected to the gas inlet eight (50) on the hydrogen storage tank (51) through a check valve (49) and a pipeline, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank (51) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen valve (52), and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen valve (52) is provided with a hydrogen outlet pipe; The garbage pre-treatment equipment (1) comprises a garbage grabber, a bag breaker, a drum separator, a wind separator, a magnetic separator and a dryer, and is a commonly used garbage pre-treatment device in a domestic waste incineration power plant; The feeder (2) is a product of a motor-driven hydraulic reciprocating feeder or an electric screw conveyor; The oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace (3) is a decomposition furnace in an oxygen-free environment. The raw materials are indirectly heated in the pyrolysis gasification furnace in an oxygen-free environment and then cracked or dry-distilled. The pyrolysis temperature is 350-500° C. and the pressure is 0.01-0.1 MPa. The products are residual carbon and gaseous products. It belongs to the well-known equipment for producing burning charcoal by carbonizing and dry distilling wood; The thermal cracking tube furnace (9) is composed of a thermal cracking tube (10) and a second heating chamber (61). The thermal cracking tube (10) is a high-temperature resistant seamless steel tube. The inner wall of the second heating chamber (61) is provided with a refractory heat-insulating material (60). The thermal cracking tube (10) provided in the second heating chamber (61) is heated by a high temperature of 1100-1300°C generated by the combustion of fuel oil or gas. The material flowing in the thermal cracking tube (10) is thermally cracked after being heated. The thermal cracking tube furnace (9) is a high-temperature cracking tube furnace in an oxygen-free environment of the petrochemical industry. The condenser (58) is a shell and tube condenser used in the well-known petrochemical industry, with high-temperature gas flowing in the shell side and cold water flowing in the tube side, which is an indirect heat exchange; the cold water flowing in the tube side cools down the high-temperature gas flowing in the shell side and condenses it to room temperature; The gas-liquid separator (27) is a gas-liquid separation device used in the petrochemical industry. The gas is discharged from the gas outlet 26 at the upper part of the device, and the liquid phase (59) of oil and water is discharged from the side wall pipe valve (29) at the lower part of the device. The gas deacidification tower (33) is a gas deacidification device in the petrochemical industry; The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen separator (41) belongs to a process and equipment for separating gases by pressure swing adsorption (PSA); The compressor 1 (39) is a fuel gas compressor; The compressor 2 (45) is a hydrogen compressor; The gas buffer tank (36) is a gas storage tank used in the petrochemical industry; The hydrogen storage tank (51) is a hydrogen storage tank used in the petrochemical industry; The flue gas purification device (19) belongs to a flue gas purification device discharged from an industrial combustion furnace using oil or gas.

Images