Intelligent distribution box

Abstract

The utility model provides an intelligent distribution box, which relates to the technical field of electric appliance control, and comprises a plastic case, the plastic case comprises a top cover, a bottom plate and a high cover, and the top cover and the bottom plate form a protection structure through a sealing rubber ring, and is characterized in that the interior of the plastic case is divided into a control cavity and a wiring cavity, a main control board is arranged in the control cavity; a main control chip is arranged on the main control board; the master control chip comprises a first master control chip and a second master control chip, and the first master control chip and the second master control chip are connected through a USART interface to form a master-slave control architecture. Compared with the prior art, through the cooperation of the above structures, the device has the following beneficial effects: 1, the reliability, the intelligent level and the environmental adaptability of the device are significantly improved; and secondly, the temperature rise during large current transmission is greatly reduced, the reduction of conductivity and insulation aging are avoided, and the signal transmission stability is ensured through strong and weak current separation, grounding optimization and anti-interference measures in the whole scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electrical control technology, and in particular to an intelligent distribution box. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as shipbuilding and industrial control, distribution boxes serve as core components for power distribution and equipment control, and their reliability, intelligence, and environmental adaptability are crucial. Traditional distribution boxes generally suffer from limited functionality, only capable of simple power on / off control, lacking real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis capabilities for output channels. This makes it difficult to quickly locate abnormal conditions such as open circuits, blown fuses, and overcurrent, resulting in high maintenance costs and low efficiency. In terms of structural design, traditional distribution boxes lack adequate protection, especially in humid, dusty, and vibrating environments such as ships. Dust accumulation, moisture intrusion, or vibration can lead to poor contact, affecting equipment operational stability.

[0003] Furthermore, traditional distribution boxes have limited input / output types, making them incompatible with diverse sensor signals and lacking flexible configuration options. They cannot adaptively adjust measurement types through local operation or remote communication. In terms of remote control and interaction, traditional distribution boxes generally lack standardized communication interfaces, making data exchange with external devices, such as ship control systems, difficult and unable to meet the needs of intelligent monitoring. To address these issues, a new type of intelligent distribution box with high protection performance, intelligent fault diagnosis, diverse signal compatibility, and efficient heat dissipation is needed to adapt to the power control and equipment monitoring requirements in complex environments. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an intelligent distribution box with high protection performance, intelligent fault diagnosis and diverse signal compatibility.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: This utility model provides an intelligent power distribution box, including a plastic chassis, the plastic chassis including a top cover, a bottom plate and a high cover, the top cover and the bottom plate forming a protective structure through a sealing ring, characterized in that the interior of the plastic chassis is divided into a control cavity and a wiring cavity, the control cavity has a built-in main control board, and the main control board is provided with a main control chip;

[0006] The main control chip includes a first main control chip and a second main control chip. The first main control chip and the second main control chip are connected through a USART interface to form a master-slave control architecture.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the main control board is also equipped with a relay matrix, a CAN interface, and a fuse group;

[0008] The relay matrix includes multiple 20A magnetic latching relays and multiple 40A magnetic latching relays. The control terminal of the relay matrix is ​​connected to the first main control chip through a GPIO interface.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the first main control chip is electrically connected to the 20A magnetic latching relay and the 40A magnetic latching relay via an opening / closing control signal to control their switching states;

[0010] The second main control chip is electrically connected to the 20A magnetic latching relay and the 40A magnetic latching relay through status acquisition signals.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the main control board also includes a character ROM chip connected to the main control chip via an SPI interface, an EEPROM chip connected to the main control chip via an I2C interface, a flash memory chip connected to the main control chip via an SPI interface, an analog signal acquisition module connected to the main control chip via an ADC interface, a buzzer connected to the main control chip via a GPIO interface, function buttons connected to the main control chip via a GPIO interface, an OLED screen connected to the main control chip via an SPI interface, and a CAN interface connected to the main control chip via a CAN bus.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the wiring cavity is provided with an output terminal group and an input terminal group. The output terminal group includes multiple current output terminals and a conductive copper busbar located on the back of the main control board. The current output terminals are electrically connected to the output terminals of the relay matrix through a fuse group.

[0013] The input terminal group includes multiple input terminals, which are connected to the first main control chip via an ADC converter.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the main control board is further provided with a positive input copper busbar and a negative input copper busbar. The positive input copper busbar is connected to the positive terminal of an external power supply and supplies power to the relay matrix and the main control board through a fuse group. The positive input copper busbar is electrically connected to the first main control chip through a wire. The negative input copper busbar is connected to the negative bus of the conductive copper busbar and is connected to the ground terminal of the main control board to form a power input path.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment, there are multiple function buttons, the OLED screen is connected to the first main control chip via an SPI interface, and the function buttons are connected to the first main control chip via a GPIO interface.

[0016] In the preferred embodiment, the CAN interface is located on the outside of the top cover and communicates with external devices through the first main control chip;

[0017] A fuse pack includes multiple fuses and has working slots and bypass slots.

[0018] The main control board also has multiple output channels, with each fuse located in its corresponding output channel;

[0019] Each output channel is equipped with a continuity measurement point A located at the rear end of the fuse and a current measurement point B located at the rear end of the relay;

[0020] Measurement point A is connected to the ADC converter via a wire to detect the on / off state;

[0021] Measurement point B is connected to the ADC converter via a wire to detect the current value.

[0022] In the preferred embodiment, the signals from measurement point A and measurement point B are transmitted to the first main control chip via an ADC converter. The first main control chip determines the output channel status based on the signals and controls the buzzer to sound an alarm.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the input terminals include multiple digital input terminals, multiple resistive input terminals, and multiple compatible input terminals. The input terminals measure the type via function keys or a CAN interface.

[0024] This utility model provides an intelligent power distribution box, which, through the cooperation of the above-mentioned structures, has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0025] First, it significantly improves the equipment's reliability, intelligence level, and environmental adaptability. It can effectively resist dust and water spray, and when combined with shock-absorbing pads for wall mounting, it can adapt to vibration environments such as ships, ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0026] Secondly, thermal grease is placed between the conductive copper busbar and the base plate, along with heat dissipation fins, which greatly reduces the temperature rise during high current transmission, avoids the degradation of conductivity and insulation aging, and ensures heat dissipation efficiency under a rated current of 250A.

[0027] Third, the dual-measurement-point diagnostic mechanism can accurately identify abnormal states such as load open circuit, fuse blown, and overcurrent. Combined with buzzer alarm and OLED real-time display, it can achieve rapid fault location and handling.

[0028] Fourth, it can be configured with magnetic latching relays of different specifications through 16 output channels, supporting multi-channel parallel connection and bypass slot functions, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, status holding and convenient maintenance; 10 input channels are compatible with multiple signal types such as switch quantity, resistance, voltage, and current, and support local button and remote CAN command configuration to meet the diverse monitoring needs of float switches, oil tank / water tank sensors, etc.; 2 independent CAN interfaces realize remote control and data interaction, and improve system integration capabilities.

[0029] Fifth, the human-machine interaction module supports Chinese and English display, parameter configuration, and fault silencing, making operation convenient and intuitive; the detachable cabinet structure, adhesive silk-screened labels, and spare fuse slot design reduce maintenance costs and improve repair efficiency.

[0030] The overall solution ensures signal transmission stability through strong and weak current separation, grounding optimization, and anti-interference measures, providing a highly reliable and flexible intelligent solution for power control and equipment monitoring in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a main view structural diagram of the cleaning process of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the overall appearance and structural diagram of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the protective housing of the jacking device of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a disassembled structural diagram of the cover plate of the overall protective shell of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the cleaning head and cleaning measuring head of the protective shell of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a side view of the protective shell of this utility model.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Top cover; 2. Bottom plate; 3. High cover; 4. CAN interface; 5. Main control board; 6. Fuse group; 7. Spare fuse; 8. Input copper busbar positive terminal; 9. Input copper busbar negative terminal; 10. Button board; 11. OLED screen; 12. Function button; 13. Conductive copper busbar; 14. Thermal grease; 15. Current output terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this utility model, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other without conflict. The utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figures 1-6As shown in the figure, this embodiment illustrates an intelligent power distribution box, including a plastic chassis. The plastic chassis includes a top cover 1, a bottom plate 2, and a high cover 3. The top cover 1 and the bottom plate 2 form an IP55 protection structure through a sealing ring, effectively resisting dust and water spray. The interior of the plastic chassis is divided into a control cavity and a wiring cavity. The control cavity houses a main control board 5, which integrates a main control chip. The main control chip includes a first main control chip and a second main control chip, which are connected through a USART interface to form a master-slave control architecture, realizing the coordinated control of various modules of the power distribution box.

[0042] The wiring compartment is located in the lower half of the plastic chassis and is equipped with input terminal groups and output terminal groups for electrical connection of external power supply and sensors. The outgoing wires are uniformly directed to the bottom of the equipment to meet the standardized wiring requirements of shipyards.

[0043] It should be noted that the input terminal group and the output terminal group are arranged vertically. The input terminals are located on the left side of the wiring cavity and are used to connect external power supplies and sensors, while the output terminals are located on the right side and are used to connect external loads. They are separated by an insulating partition to prevent interference between strong and weak electrical circuits.

[0044] The input and output terminals are silkscreened with adhesive labels (such as PVC material) to indicate the channel number (such as OUT1-OUT16), rated current (such as 10A / 20A) and function (such as "LIGHTS" "PUMP"), which facilitates on-site replacement and maintenance.

[0045] The main control board 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the control cavity by copper column screws, and the conductive copper busbar 13 is fixed to the back of the main control board 5 by insulating support components such as nylon columns to ensure mechanical strength and insulation performance.

[0046] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 , 5 As shown, the font chip is connected to the main control chip via the SPI interface to provide text font support for the system;

[0047] When the OLED screen 11 needs to display information in Chinese and English, including device status and fault codes, the main control chip retrieves the corresponding font data from the font chip to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the displayed content.

[0048] The EEPROM chip connects to the main control chip via an I2C interface to store the distribution box's configuration parameters, including device ID, measurement type settings, alarm thresholds, etc. Even if the device is powered off, the stored data will not be lost and can be directly retrieved after power is restored, ensuring the stability and consistency of the system operation.

[0049] The flash memory chip connects to the main control chip via an SPI interface and is used to store system programs, firmware, or large amounts of historical data, including alarm records and operation logs. Its large-capacity storage capability meets the system's data storage needs and supports system upgrades and data traceability.

[0050] The analog signal acquisition module connects to the main control chip via an ADC interface. It is responsible for acquiring analog signals from external sensors, including voltage, current, and resistance signals, and converting them into digital signals for transmission to the main control chip. The main control chip processes and analyzes these digital signals to achieve real-time monitoring of the sensor status.

[0051] The external sensors include float switches, oil tank sensors, and water tank sensors.

[0052] The buzzer is connected to the main control chip via a GPIO interface. When the system detects an abnormality, including overcurrent, short circuit, or fuse blowout, the main control chip controls the buzzer to emit an alarm signal with a sound pressure level ≥85dB via the GPIO interface to alert the user. Simultaneously, the alarm status can be muted using function button 12, but the alarm information will still be displayed on the OLED screen 11 for subsequent processing.

[0053] Function key 12 is connected to the first main control chip via a GPIO interface. It includes four independent buttons and a three-position DIP switch. The four independent buttons include home, left and right page turning, and mute. Their specific functions are as follows:

[0054] The home button is used to return to the system's main interface and display an overview of the current device status.

[0055] The left / right page turning keys are used to switch between display pages (such as the input channel status page, output channel control page, parameter configuration page, etc.).

[0056] The mute button is used to temporarily silence the buzzer alarm, but the fault display on the OLED screen 11 remains. The button layout is ergonomically designed for easy operation in confined spaces.

[0057] Users can perform local operations via buttons, such as pressing the home button to return to the main interface, using the left and right page keys to browse different pages, including the input status page, output status page, and settings page, and using the mute button to turn off the buzzer sound; the 3-position DIP switch is used to configure the device ID, realizing the unique identification of the device in the system, which facilitates communication and management.

[0058] The OLED screen 11 connects to the main control chip via an SPI interface, displaying the input / output status of the distribution box in real time, including current and voltage values ​​for each channel, measured parameters such as resistance input values ​​and analog input values, as well as fault codes. It supports switching between Chinese and English display; users can switch the display language using function key 12 to meet the needs of different users. The following information is displayed in real time:

[0059] Current, voltage values, and on / off status of input / output channels;

[0060] Sensor measurements include resistance values ​​of 0-20kΩ for the resistance input channel, and voltage values ​​of 0-36V or current values ​​of 0-24mA for the analog input.

[0061] Fault codes and alarm information, including "F01" and "F02", where "F01" indicates a blown fuse and "F02" indicates an open circuit in the load;

[0062] It supports switching between Chinese and English interfaces, and the language can be set through the combination of function keys 12.

[0063] CAN interface 4 connects to the main control chip via the CAN bus, using a standard NMEA2000 female connector and supporting two independent CAN communication channels. This interface can communicate remotely with external devices, including ship control systems and host computers, receiving remote commands to control the on / off state of output channels, configure system parameters (including current thresholds and communication baud rates), and simultaneously upload the status information of the power distribution box to the external devices, enabling intelligent remote monitoring and management.

[0064] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the main control board 5 also includes a relay matrix, a CAN interface 4, and a fuse group 6. The cover 3, located above the fuse group 6, is specifically designed for fuse replacement and provides waterproof protection to ensure the fuses function properly in humid environments.

[0065] The relay matrix contains 12 20A magnetic latching relays and 4 40A magnetic latching relays. Its control terminal is connected to the first main control chip through the GPIO interface. The first main control chip sends opening and closing control signals to the 20A and 40A magnetic latching relays through the GPIO interface to control the switching state of the relays and realize precise management of the power supply to external devices.

[0066] The high cover 3 is positioned above the fuse group 6 for fuse replacement and to provide waterproof protection. The positive terminal 8 of the input copper busbar supplies power to the relay group and the main control board 5 through the fuse group 6, ensuring that the power supply is cut off in time under abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, protecting the equipment. The negative terminal 9 of the input copper busbar serves as a common circuit, connected to the negative bus of the conductive copper busbar 13, ensuring that the negative terminals of all current output terminals 15 return to the same location, and can be connected to the ground terminal (GND) of the main control board 5 to form a stable circuit reference potential.

[0067] During implementation, when power is needed for a certain peripheral device (such as lights or bilge pumps), the first main control chip outputs a high-level or low-level signal to the control terminal of the corresponding relay, driving the relay to close and realize circuit conduction; conversely, it sends a reverse signal to control the relay to open and cut off the power supply.

[0068] The second main control chip is electrically connected to the 20A and 40A magnetic latching relays via status acquisition signals to obtain the on / off status of the relay matrix in real time, including a high-level feedback when closed and a low-level feedback when open. The second main control chip transmits the acquired real-time status information to the first main control chip via the USART interface, enabling the first main control chip to fully grasp the working status of the relay matrix and providing a basis for intelligent control and fault diagnosis of the system.

[0069] In this embodiment, as shown Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 4, CAN interface 4 is located on the outside of top cover 1, using a standard NMEA2000 female connector, and connects to the first main control chip via the CAN bus, supporting two independent CAN communication channels. Its main functions include:

[0070] Receive remote commands from external devices (such as the ship's central control system) to control the on / off state of output channels or configure measurement types;

[0071] Upload real-time status data of the distribution box (such as relay matrix status, fuse on / off status, alarm records, etc.) to external devices to achieve remote monitoring.

[0072] Fuse group 6 contains 16 fuses, corresponding to 16 output channels. Each fuse has a working slot and a bypass slot.

[0073] The working slot is equipped with a standard fuse, which conducts the circuit during normal operation; the bypass slot, when a bypass component is inserted, such as an insulating insert, physically cuts off the output power of that circuit, causing the corresponding channel to fail, including isolating the faulty channel during maintenance.

[0074] The fuse group 6 is waterproofed by the high cover 3. When the high cover 3 is opened, the fuse can be easily replaced. The status of the bypass slot is linked to the sensor of the main control board 5 through a mechanical structure and is fed back to the first main control chip in real time.

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, it includes 16 output channels. Each output channel consists of a fuse, a 20A magnetic latching relay or a 40A magnetic latching relay, and a terminal block connected in series. The specific configuration is as follows:

[0076] 12 channels of 10A output, corresponding to 20A magnetic latching relays, with a single relay rated capacity of 20A;

[0077] Four 20A outputs, corresponding to 40A magnetic latching relays, with a single relay rated capacity of 40A.

[0078] Further as Figure 6 As shown, each output channel has two measurement points set in the circuit, as detailed below:

[0079] The continuity measurement point A is located at the rear end of the fuse and is connected to the ADC converter on the main control board 5 via a wire to detect the continuity status of the fuse. A high level indicates that the fuse is conducting and a low level indicates that the fuse is blown.

[0080] The current measurement point B is located at the rear end of the relay and is connected to the ADC converter through a wire to collect the load current value in real time with an accuracy of ±2%.

[0081] It should be noted that the fault diagnosis logic is as follows: The first main control chip determines the output channel status based on the signal combination of measurement points A and B: high level + no current: it is determined to be "relay disconnected" or "load open circuit", and the corresponding fault code is displayed on the OLED screen 11 and the buzzer is triggered for pre-alarm.

[0082] Furthermore, a low level directly indicates that the fuse has blown, immediately cutting off the relay control signal and triggering a continuous alarm from the buzzer.

[0083] Furthermore, if the current is too high or too low, such as exceeding the rated value by ±10%, it is determined as "load abnormality", the abnormal channel is highlighted on the screen and an alarm log is recorded.

[0084] The diagnostic results are synchronized to external devices via CAN interface 4 for remote troubleshooting.

[0085] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the output terminal group includes 16 current output terminals 15 and conductive copper busbars 13;

[0086] Among them, there are 16 current output terminals 15, corresponding to 16 output channels, using 7.62mm onboard connection terminals, with a maximum overcurrent of 30A per channel, and outputting positive power.

[0087] It should be noted that the electrical connection is as follows: each current output terminal 15 is connected in sequence to the fuse, 20A magnetic latching relay or 40A magnetic latching relay of the corresponding channel through wires, and finally electrically connected to the output terminal of the relay matrix to form a positive power output path;

[0088] Furthermore, the terminals are arranged in two rows side by side with spacing that meets IP55 protection requirements, thus preventing short circuits between adjacent terminals.

[0089] In this embodiment, as shown Figure 4 As shown, the conductive copper busbar 13 is located on the back of the main control board 5, and has a rectangular sheet structure. It is made of high-purity copper and has a rated current carrying capacity of 250A.

[0090] Among them, the negative terminals of the 16 current output terminals 15 are directly soldered or crimped to the conductive copper bus 13 through wires to form a negative bus, which is finally connected to the negative terminal of the input copper bus 9, ensuring that the negative current of all output channels flows back to the negative terminal of the external power supply in a unified manner, reducing the loop impedance.

[0091] The output channel control logic requires that the positive power supply of the current output terminal 15 be controlled by both the fuse group 6 and the relay matrix.

[0092] During implementation, when the fuse blows or the bypass slot is enabled, the positive output of this circuit is disconnected;

[0093] The relay is controlled by the first main control chip and is switched on and off by opening and closing signals. The magnetic latching relay maintains its current state when the power is off, so as to avoid equipment loss of control due to abnormal power failure.

[0094] The input terminal block contains 10 input terminals, divided into three categories, supporting signal detection for float switches, oil tank sensors, water tank sensors, etc.

[0095] The first type has three digital input terminals, compatible with passive (dry contact), 12V active, and 24V active signal detection, with an input impedance ≥100kΩ. The signal status (high level / low level) is identified by a pull-up / pull-down resistor circuit. It is used to connect to the float switch of the ship's bilge pump to detect water level exceeding the limit signal.

[0096] The second type has three resistance input terminals: the detection range is 0-20kΩ, with a built-in constant current source circuit (such as 1mA constant current). The resistance value is calculated by measuring the voltage between the terminals, with a measurement accuracy of ±2%. It is used to connect to level sensors (such as sliding rheostats) in oil tanks and water tanks to monitor the liquid level in real time.

[0097] The third type has four compatible input terminals, supporting four measurement types, as detailed below:

[0098] 1) Passive / active digital input (same as digital input terminal);

[0099] 2) 0-20kΩ resistor (same as resistor input terminal);

[0100] 3) 0-36V voltage (stepped down to 0-3.3V acceptable to the main control chip via a voltage divider circuit);

[0101] 4) 0-24mA current (converted to a voltage signal through a sampling resistor);

[0102] The measurement type can be configured via function key 12 or CAN interface 4, and the detection circuit can be switched internally via an analog multiplexer (such as CD4051) at the input terminal.

[0103] The signal processing path is as follows: the signal from the input terminal is transmitted to the main control chip via the following path:

[0104] The digital signal is directly input to the first main control chip through the GPIO interface;

[0105] The resistance / voltage / current signals are converted into digital signals by an ADC converter (integrated on the main control board 5, with a precision of 12 bits), and then transmitted to the first main control chip via the SPI interface;

[0106] After the first main control chip filters and calibrates the signal, it displays it on the OLED screen 11 or uploads it to an external device via the CAN interface 4.

[0107] In this embodiment, as shown Figure 2 As shown, the positive terminal 8 of the input copper busbar is located inside the wiring cavity and is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply through the M6 ​​screw terminal. The cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor is ≥16mm² (to meet the 250A current carrying requirement).

[0108] The positive power supply has two outputs, including a main circuit and a control circuit, as detailed below:

[0109] 1) The main circuit supplies power to the external devices, passing through fuse group 6 and relay matrix to current output terminal 15, which supplies power to external devices such as lights and bilge pumps;

[0110] The path is as follows: Input copper busbar positive terminal 8 → Fuse group 6 (16 fuses, corresponding to 16 output channels) → Relay matrix (12 20A magnetic latching relays + 4 40A magnetic latching relays) → Current output terminal 15 (16, 7.62mm onboard terminals, maximum overcurrent of 30A per channel) → External load (lights, bilge pumps, etc.).

[0111] 2) The control loop supplies power to the internal modules, and uses an LDO regulator (such as LM7805) to step down the voltage to 5V / 3.3V to supply power to the first main control chip, OLED screen 11 and other low-voltage modules.

[0112] The path is as follows: Input copper busbar positive terminal 8 → Fuse group 6 (independent control circuit fuse) → LDO regulator (such as LM7805 / LM1117) → 5V / 3.3V DC power supply → first main control chip, second main control chip, OLED screen 11, character chip, EEPROM chip and other low-voltage modules.

[0113] Furthermore, the negative terminal 9 of the input copper busbar is used as a common ground terminal. One end is connected to the negative bus of the conductive copper busbar 13, and the other end is soldered to the ground terminal (GND) of the main control board 5 through a wire to form a common ground loop of "power ground - signal ground" to ensure that the circuit reference potential is unified.

[0114] like Figure 4 As shown, the negative electrode copper busbar is isolated from the base plate 2 by thermal grease 14 for heat dissipation.

[0115] The conductive copper busbar 13 has a rectangular sheet structure and is laid on the back of the main control board 5. Its bottom surface is in direct contact with the heat dissipation area inside the chassis bottom plate 2.

[0116] The inner side of the base plate 2 is provided with protruding heat dissipation fins to form a heat dissipation channel. When the conductive copper busbar 13 is fixed to the base plate 2 by an insulating support, a gap of 0.5-1mm is reserved between the bottom surface and the heat dissipation fins for filling with thermal grease 14.

[0117] The thermal grease 14 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity ≥2.0W / (m・K)) and is uniformly coated on the bottom surface of the conductive copper busbar 13 and the surface of the heat dissipation fins of the base plate 2. The thickness is controlled at 0.2-0.3mm to ensure that a continuous heat conduction path is formed between the two, while avoiding the overflow of the grease from affecting the insulation performance.

[0118] The edge of the conductive copper busbar 13 is isolated from the main control board 5 by an insulating pad (such as an epoxy resin board), with only the heat dissipation contact area exposed to be coated with silicone grease, ensuring a balance between electrical insulation and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0119] The heat generated by the conductive copper busbar 13 when transmitting large current is quickly conducted to the heat dissipation fins of the base plate 2 through the thermal grease 14, and then dissipated to the outside through external air convection and the metal material (such as aluminum alloy) of the base plate 2, ensuring that the surface temperature rise of the copper busbar is ≤50K (the surface temperature is ≤75℃ when the ambient temperature is 25℃).

[0120] Furthermore, before entering the main control board 5, the positive terminal 8 of the input copper busbar passes through the fuse group 6 and the TVS diode (for lightning surge protection) in sequence, ensuring that the power supply is quickly cut off in case of overcurrent or overvoltage, thus protecting the internal circuit.

[0121] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be the technical solution described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0122] It should also be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this utility model described herein.

Claims

1. A smart distribution box comprising a plastic cabinet, the plastic cabinet comprising a top cover (1), a bottom plate (2) and a high cover (3), the top cover (1) and the bottom plate (2) forming a protective structure through a sealing rubber ring, characterized in that, The interior of the plastic chassis is divided into a control chamber and a wiring chamber. The control chamber contains a main control board (5), and the main control board (5) is equipped with a main control chip. The main control chip includes a first main control chip and a second main control chip. The first main control chip and the second main control chip are connected through a USART interface to form a master-slave control architecture.

2. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 1, wherein, The main control board (5) is also equipped with a relay matrix, a CAN interface (4), and a fuse group (6). The relay matrix includes multiple 20A magnetic latching relays and multiple 40A magnetic latching relays. The control terminal of the relay matrix is ​​connected to the first main control chip through a GPIO interface.

3. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 2, wherein, The first main control chip is electrically connected to the 20A magnetic latching relay and the 40A magnetic latching relay through the opening and closing control signal to control their switching state; The second main control chip is electrically connected to the 20A magnetic latching relay and the 40A magnetic latching relay through status acquisition signals.

4. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 1, wherein, The main control board (5) is also equipped with a character library chip connected to the main control chip via the SPI interface, an EEPROM chip connected to the main control chip via the I2C interface, a flash memory chip connected to the main control chip via the SPI interface, an analog acquisition module connected to the main control chip via the ADC interface, a buzzer connected to the main control chip via the GPIO interface, a function button (12) connected to the main control chip via the GPIO interface, an OLED screen (11) connected to the main control chip via the SPI interface, and a CAN interface (4) connected to the main control chip via the CAN bus.

5. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 1, wherein, The wiring cavity is provided with an output terminal group and an input terminal group. The output terminal group includes multiple current output terminals (15) and a conductive copper busbar (13) located on the back of the main control board (5). The current output terminals (15) are electrically connected to the output terminals of the relay matrix through the fuse group (6). The input terminal group includes multiple input terminals, which are connected to the first main control chip via an ADC converter.

6. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 5, wherein, The main control board (5) is also provided with an input copper busbar positive terminal (8) and an input copper busbar negative terminal (9). The input copper busbar positive terminal (8) is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply and supplies power to the relay matrix and the main control board (5) through the fuse group (6). The input copper busbar positive terminal (8) is electrically connected to the first main control chip through the wire. The input copper busbar negative terminal (9) is connected to the negative bus of the conductive copper busbar (13) and is connected to the ground terminal of the main control board (5) to form a power input path.

7. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 4, wherein, There are multiple function buttons (12). The OLED screen (11) is connected to the first main control chip via the SPI interface. The function buttons (12) are connected to the first main control chip via the GPIO interface.

8. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 4, wherein, The CAN interface (4) is located on the outside of the top cover (1) and communicates with external devices through the first main control chip; The fuse group (6) includes multiple fuses and is provided with a working slot and a bypass slot; The main control board (5) is also equipped with multiple output channels, and each fuse is set in the corresponding output channel; Each output channel is equipped with a continuity measurement point A located at the rear end of the fuse and a current measurement point B located at the rear end of the relay; Measurement point A is connected to the ADC converter via a wire to detect the on / off state; Measurement point B is connected to the ADC converter via a wire to detect the current value.

9. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 8, wherein, The signals from measurement points A and B are transmitted to the first main control chip via an ADC converter. The first main control chip determines the output channel status based on the signals and controls the buzzer to sound an alarm.

10. The intelligent electrical distribution box of claim 5, wherein, The input terminals include multiple digital input terminals, multiple resistance input terminals and multiple compatible input terminals. The input terminals measure the type via function key (12) or CAN interface (4).

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