Farmland fertilization device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and specifically discloses a farmland fertilization device, including a mobile body, a sprinkler unit, a water tank, a transmission unit and a mixing unit; the mixing unit includes a mixing cylinder, a fertilizer hopper and a central column; a partition plate is provided in the mixing cylinder to separate the mixing cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; a water spray cylinder and a material pressing cylinder are provided in the upper chamber, a push plate is slidably connected in the water spray cylinder, and a pressure plate is slidably connected in the material pressing cylinder; a cavity is opened in the central column, a piston is slidably connected in the cavity, and a closed curved groove is opened on the inner wall of the central column; a water inlet hole and a drainage hole are opened on the central column; a conduit is connected to the bottom of the fertilizer hopper, a plunger is provided on the piston, and a discharge port is opened on the conduit; a feed pipe is connected between the discharge port and the material pressing cylinder, a water inlet pipe and a drainage pipe are connected to the water spray cylinder, a one-way water inlet valve is provided on the water inlet pipe, and a one-way drainage valve is provided on the drainage pipe. The device applied by the present invention can effectively solve the problem of low efficiency of single fertilization and single irrigation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a farmland fertilization device. Background Art

[0002] Fertilization refers to the agricultural technical measure of applying fertilizer to the soil or spraying it on plants to provide the nutrients needed by plants and maintain and improve soil fertility. The main purpose of fertilization is to increase crop yields, improve crop quality, improve soil fertility and improve economic benefits. Therefore, reasonable and scientific fertilization is one of the main means to ensure food security and maintain sustainable agricultural development. The main basis for fertilization is soil fertility level, crop type, target yield, climate environment and fertilizer characteristics, so as to select appropriate fertilizers, estimate the required amount of fertilizers, and determine the time and mode of fertilization. According to the different fertilization time, it can be divided into base fertilizer and topdressing, and according to the different fertilization modes, it can be divided into broadcasting, flushing, hole application, strip application, etc.

[0003] After fertilization, irrigation is generally required to avoid excessive fertilizer fertility causing seedling burn. At present, people usually adopt the method of separate fertilization and separate irrigation. In this way, farmers need to work many times, the work intensity is high, and the work efficiency is relatively low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a farmland fertilization device to solve the problem of low efficiency of separate fertilization and separate irrigation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the basic scheme of the present invention is as follows: a farmland fertilization device comprises a mobile body, a sprinkler unit, and a water tank, a transmission unit and a mixing unit for preparing water and fertilizer, all of which are arranged on the mobile body; the mixing unit comprises a mixing cylinder, a fertilizer hopper located above the mixing cylinder and a central column rotatably connected to the mixing cylinder, the transmission unit is used to drive the central column to rotate, and the sprinkler unit is used to discharge the water and fertilizer in the lower part of the mixing cylinder; a partition plate is provided in the mixing cylinder to divide the mixing cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and the upper part of the central column passes through the partition plate and is located in the upper chamber; a plurality of stirring shafts located in the lower chamber are provided on the central column, and a cam and a plurality of stirring blades, all of which are located in the upper chamber, are also provided on the central column; a water spray cylinder and a press cylinder with a plurality of water leakage holes on the side wall are provided in the upper chamber, and a push plate driven to reciprocate by the cam is slidably connected in the water spray cylinder, A pressing plate driven to reciprocate by a cam is slidably connected in the pressing barrel; a cavity is opened in the central column, a piston is slidably connected in the cavity, a closed curved groove is opened on the inner wall of the central column, and a connecting rod is provided on the piston, one end of which is engaged in the curved groove; a water inlet hole located in the upper cavity and a drainage hole located in the upper part of the lower cavity are opened on the central column, the lower limit position of the piston movement is located below the drainage hole, and the upper limit position of the piston movement is located between the water inlet hole and the drainage hole; a conduit is connected to the bottom of the fertilizer hopper, a plunger slidably connected in the conduit is provided on the piston, and a discharge port which can be opened and closed by the plunger is provided on the conduit; a feed pipe is connected between the discharge port and the pressing barrel, a water inlet pipe with one end connected to the water tank and a drainage pipe connected to the pressing barrel are connected to the water spray barrel, a one-way water inlet valve is provided on the water inlet pipe, and a one-way drainage valve is provided on the drainage pipe.

[0006] The working principle of this basic scheme is: when fertilization is required, the transmission unit is started, and the transmission unit drives the center column to rotate. When the center column rotates, the piston is driven to reciprocate along the axis of the center column, and the piston drives the plunger to move up and down along the guide tube. During the movement of the plunger, the discharge port is continuously opened and closed, and the material in the fertilizer hopper intermittently falls into the press barrel through the discharge port and the feed pipe. When the center column rotates, the cam is driven to rotate together. The cam pushes the push plate to move left and right along the inner wall of the water spray barrel, and also pushes the press plate to move left and right along the inner wall of the press barrel. During the movement of the push plate, due to the continuous change of pressure in the water spray barrel, the water spray barrel inhales water from the water tank, and then enters the press barrel through the drain pipe. The water impacts the fertilizer in the press barrel, which is conducive to the dissolution of the fertilizer. When the press plate reciprocates along the inner wall of the press barrel, the press plate continuously squeezes the fertilizer in the press barrel, making the fertilizer become crushed, and it is easier to dissolve in water when it comes into contact with water to form water fertilizer. In this process, the piston reciprocates along the axis of the center column, and the water and fertilizer in the upper cavity enter the cavity through the water inlet hole and then fall on the piston. The water and fertilizer in the cavity reciprocate with the piston. When the piston moves below the drainage hole, the water and fertilizer on the piston enter the lower cavity through the drainage hole. Push the mobile body to the place where fertilizer is needed, operate the sprinkler unit, and the sprinkler unit sprays the water and fertilizer in the lower cavity on the soil of the farmland to complete the fertilization operation.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this basic scheme are:

[0008] 1. The mixing cylinder is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chamber is used for the preliminary preparation of water and fertilizer to dissolve the fertilizer in water, and the lower chamber is used for storage and further mixing of water and fertilizer. Since water and fertilizer can be continuously prepared during the fertilization operation, sufficient water and fertilizer can be provided for the farmland during fertilization to avoid the situation where insufficient fertilizer needs to be supplemented.

[0009] 2. When the center column rotates, the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper can intermittently fall into the pressing barrel to provide raw materials for the preparation of water fertilizer. At the same time, the water spray barrel also intermittently adds water to the pressing barrel. The water impacts on the fertilizer in the pressing barrel, which is conducive to the dissolution of the fertilizer. The addition of water and fertilizer is automatically added by utilizing the power of the rotation of the center column, and no additional power mechanism is required.

[0010] 3. When the center column rotates, the cam on the center column can drive the pressing plate to reciprocate along the inner wall of the pressing barrel. The pressing plate continuously squeezes the fertilizer in the pressing barrel, making the fertilizer crushed and making it easier to dissolve in water to form water fertilizer when it comes into contact with water. When the center column rotates, it also drives the stirring shaft and stirring blades to rotate together. The stirring blades stir the water fertilizer in the upper chamber, while the stirring shaft stirs the water fertilizer in the lower chamber, so that the water and fertilizer are more fully mixed, and the prepared water fertilizer has a better effect.

[0011] 4. After the water and fertilizer are initially prepared in the upper chamber, the center column rotates to drive the piston to reciprocate. During the piston movement, the water and fertilizer in the upper chamber can enter the cavity through the water inlet hole and transfer to the piston, and then automatically transfer to the lower chamber through the drainage hole, completing the automatic transfer of water and fertilizer. In this process, the water and fertilizer in the cavity reciprocate with the piston, and the movement of the piston allows the water and fertilizer to be further mixed evenly.

[0012] 5. The fertilization device of the present invention is used to mix water and fertilizer to prepare water-fertilizer. During fertilization operation, fertilizer and water are applied to the farmland at the same time, which solves the problem of low efficiency of separate fertilization and separate irrigation.

[0013] Furthermore, the sprinkler irrigation unit includes a water pump, a water pipe connected to the lower part of the mixing barrel, and a nozzle connected to the water pipe drainage pipe. The water pump is connected to the water pipe. When the water pump is started, the water pump pumps the water and fertilizer in the lower cavity to the water pipe, and then sprays it out through the nozzle. The water and fertilizer sprayed by the nozzle fall on the soil of the farmland, completing the fertilization operation.

[0014] Furthermore, the transmission unit includes a motor and a first gear fixed on the motor output shaft, and a second gear meshing with the first gear is fixed on the central column. The motor drives the central column to rotate through gear transmission, and the gear transmission structure is simple and the transmission is reliable.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower part of the central column passes through the bottom of the mixing cylinder, and a one-way air inlet valve that can communicate with the outside is provided on the central column, and a one-way exhaust valve located in the lower cavity is also provided on the central column. When the piston moves to the bottom of the drainage hole and continues to move downward along the cavity, the pressure in the lower part of the central column increases, and the one-way exhaust valve automatically opens, and the gas in the lower part of the central column can enter the lower cavity through the one-way exhaust valve. The gas has a stirring effect on the water and fertilizer in the lower cavity, so that the fertilizer and water can be fully mixed.

[0016] Further, a spring is connected between the push plate and the water spray barrel to keep the push plate in contact with the cam. The spring is provided to reset the push plate and ensure that the push plate and the cam are always in contact.

[0017] Furthermore, a closed slot is provided on the side wall in the thickness direction of the cam, and a push rod with one end engaged in the slot is provided on the pressing plate. The slot and the push rod are provided, and when the cam rotates, the pressing plate can be driven to reciprocate along the inner wall of the pressing barrel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a farmland fertilization device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0021] Instructions attached Figures 1 to 2 The figure marks include: mobile body 10, mixing barrel 20, water pipe 21, water pump 211, nozzle 212, partition plate 22, water tank 30, water inlet pipe 31, one-way water inlet valve 311, center column 40, cavity 41, drainage hole 42, water inlet hole 43, second gear 44, stirring shaft 45, stirring blade 46, cam 47, slot 471, fertilizer hopper 50, conduit 51, feed pipe 52, plunger 53, piston 54, connecting rod 541, pressing barrel 60, pressing plate 61, push rod 611, motor 70, first gear 71, water spray barrel 80, push plate 81, spring 82.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the farmland fertilization device includes a mobile body 10, a water tank 30, a mixing unit, a transmission unit and a sprinkler unit, and a frame is provided on the mobile body 10. The mixing unit includes a mixing barrel 20, a fertilizer hopper 50 and a central column 40 rotatably connected to the mixing barrel 20, the lower part of the central column 40 passes through the bottom of the mixing barrel 20, the mixing barrel 20 is fixed on the mobile body 10, and the fertilizer hopper 50 is fixed on the frame and is located above the mixing barrel 20. The transmission unit includes a motor 70 and a first gear 71, the motor 70 is fixed on the mobile body 10, the first gear 71 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 70, and the lower part of the central column 40 is fixed with a second gear 44 located below the mixing barrel 20 and meshing with the first gear 71, and the motor 70 is started, and the motor 70 drives the central column 40 to rotate through gear transmission.

[0023] A partition plate 22 is fixed inside the mixing barrel 20 to divide the mixing barrel 20 into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chamber is located above the partition plate 22. The upper part of the center column 40 passes through the partition plate 22 and is located in the upper chamber. A plurality of stirring shafts 45 located in the lower chamber are welded to the center column 40. A cam 47 and a plurality of stirring blades 46, all located in the upper chamber, are also welded to the center column 40. A water spray barrel 80 with an opening at the right end is fixed inside the left side of the upper chamber. The cam 47 is opposite to the opening at the right end of the water spray barrel 80. A push plate 81 is slidably and sealedly connected inside the water spray barrel 80. A spring 82 is connected between the left side wall of the push plate 81 and the inner wall of the water spray barrel 80. Under the action of the spring 82, the push plate 81 can always keep in contact with the cam 47. A press barrel 60 with an opening at the left end is fixed in the right side of the upper chamber, and the cam 47 is opposite to the opening at the left end of the press barrel 60. A plurality of water leakage holes are opened on the side wall of the press barrel 60, and a pressing plate 61 is slidably connected in the press barrel 60. A closed slot 471 is opened on the side wall of the cam 47 in the thickness direction, and a push rod 611 with one end engaged in the slot 471 is fixed on the pressing plate 61. When the cam 47 rotates, the push rod can drive the pressing plate 61 to reciprocate along the press barrel 60. A water inlet pipe 31 and a drain pipe are connected to the left side of the water spray barrel 80. The water inlet end of the water inlet pipe 31 is connected to the water tank 30. A one-way water inlet valve 311 is provided on the water inlet pipe 31. When the pressure in the water spray barrel 80 decreases, the one-way water inlet valve 311 automatically opens, and the water in the water tank 30 can enter the water spray barrel 80 through the water inlet pipe 31; the drain end of the drain pipe is connected to the pressing barrel 60 (the drain pipe is not drawn in the figure), and a one-way drain valve is provided on the drain pipe. When the pressure in the water spray barrel 80 increases, the one-way drain valve automatically opens, and the water in the water spray barrel 80 can enter the pressing barrel 60 through the drain pipe.

[0024] A cavity 41 is formed in the center column 40, and a piston 54 is slidably and sealedly connected in the cavity 41. A closed curved groove is formed on the inner wall of the lower part of the center column 40. A connecting rod 541 is fixed on the lower surface of the piston 54, and a rolling ball located in the curved groove is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 541. A one-way air intake valve that can communicate with the outside is provided on the lower side wall of the center column 40, and a one-way exhaust valve located in the lower cavity is also provided on the center column 40. When the pressure in the lower part of the center column 40 decreases, the one-way air intake valve automatically opens, and the external gas can enter the lower part of the center column 40 through the one-way air intake valve; when the pressure in the lower part of the center column 40 increases, the one-way exhaust valve automatically opens, and the gas in the lower part of the center column 40 can enter the lower cavity through the one-way exhaust valve. The bottom of the fertilizer hopper 50 is fixedly connected with a vertically arranged conduit 51, and the upper surface of the piston 54 is fixed with a plunger 53 whose upper part is located in the conduit 51. The inner wall of the conduit 51 is provided with a strip groove, and the plunger 53 is fixed with a convex strip slidably connected in the strip groove. When the central column 40 rotates, under the action of the curved groove and the connecting rod 541 and other structures, the piston 54 can move up and down along the cavity 41 and the plunger 53 can move up and down along the conduit 51. The conduit 51 is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is continuously opened and closed by the plunger 53 during the continuous up and down movement of the plunger 53. A feed pipe 52 is connected between the discharge port and the press barrel 60, and the material in the fertilizer hopper 50 can enter the press barrel 60 through the conduit 51, the discharge port, and the feed pipe 52. A water inlet hole 43 and a drain hole 42 are provided on the center column 40. The water inlet hole 43 is located in the upper cavity, and the drain hole 42 is located in the upper part of the lower cavity. When the piston 54 moves to the lower limit position, the piston 54 is located below the drain hole 42. When the piston 54 moves to the upper limit position, the piston 54 is located between the water inlet hole 43 and the drain hole 42.

[0025] The sprinkler unit includes a water pump 211, a water pipe 21 and a nozzle 212. One end of the water pipe 21 is connected to the lower part of the mixing barrel 20, and the other end is connected to the nozzle 212. The water pump 211 is connected to the water pipe 21. When the water pump 211 is started, the water pump 211 can pump the water and fertilizer in the lower cavity to the water pipe 21, and then spray it out through the nozzle 212.

[0026] The specific implementation process is as follows: when fertilizing the farmland, water is added to the water tank 30, and water-soluble fertilizer is added to the fertilizer hopper 50, and the motor 70 is started. The motor 70 drives the center column 40 to rotate through the first gear 71 and the second gear 44. The center column 40 drives the piston 54 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the center column 40 through the curved groove, the connecting rod 541 and other structures, and the piston 54 drives the plunger 53 to move up and down along the guide tube 51. When the plunger 53 descends to a certain position, the discharge port is opened, and the material in the fertilizer hopper 50 passes through the guide tube 51, the discharge port, the feed pipe 52 in sequence and finally enters the pressing barrel 60. When the plunger 53 ascends to a certain position, the discharge port is blocked by the plunger 53, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 50 cannot be transferred, that is, during the reciprocating movement of the plunger 53, the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 50 intermittently falls into the pressing barrel 60.

[0027] When the center column 40 rotates, the cam 47 is driven to rotate together. During the rotation of the cam 47, the push plate 81 is pushed to move left and right along the inner wall of the water spray barrel 80, and the pressing plate 61 is also pushed to move left and right along the inner wall of the pressing barrel 60. When the push plate 81 moves to the right, the pressure in the water spray barrel 80 decreases, the one-way water inlet valve 311 opens, and the water in the water tank 30 enters the water spray barrel 80 through the water inlet pipe 31; when the push plate 81 moves to the left, the push plate 81 squeezes the water in the water spray barrel 80, the one-way drain valve automatically opens, and the water in the water spray barrel 80 enters the pressing barrel 60 through the drain pipe. The water impacts the fertilizer in the pressing barrel 60, which is conducive to the dissolution of the fertilizer. When the pressing plate 61 reciprocates along the inner wall of the pressing barrel 60, the pressing plate 61 continuously squeezes the fertilizer in the pressing barrel 60, making the fertilizer crushed. When the fertilizer comes into contact with water, it is easier to dissolve in water to form water-fertilizer. The water-fertilizer in the pressing barrel 60 can fall into the lower cavity through the water leakage holes on the side wall of the pressing barrel 60.

[0028] During the rotation of the center column 40, the piston 54 reciprocates along the axial direction of the center column 40, and the water and fertilizer in the upper chamber enter the cavity 41 through the water inlet hole 43 and then fall on the piston 54. The water and fertilizer in the cavity 41 reciprocate with the piston 54. When the piston 54 moves to the bottom of the drain hole 42, the water and fertilizer on the piston 54 enter the lower chamber through the drain hole 42. When the piston 54 moves to the bottom of the drain hole 42 and continues to move down along the cavity 41, when the pressure in the lower part of the center column 40 increases, the one-way exhaust valve automatically opens, and the gas in the lower part of the center column 40 can enter the lower chamber through the one-way exhaust valve, and the gas has a stirring effect on the water and fertilizer in the lower chamber. When the center column 40 rotates, it drives the stirring shaft 45 and the stirring blade 46 to rotate together, and the stirring blade 46 stirs the water and fertilizer in the upper chamber, and the stirring shaft 45 stirs the water and fertilizer in the lower chamber, so that the water and fertilizer are more fully mixed.

[0029] The mobile vehicle 10 is pushed to the place where fertilizer is needed, and the water pump 211 is started. The water pump 211 pumps the water and fertilizer in the lower chamber to the water pipe 21, and then sprays them out through the nozzle 212. The water and fertilizer sprayed by the nozzle 212 fall on the soil of the farmland, completing the fertilization operation.

[0030] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A farmland fertilization device, characterized in that: It comprises a mobile body, a sprinkler unit, a water tank, a transmission unit and a mixing unit for preparing water and fertilizer, all of which are arranged on the mobile body; the mixing unit comprises a mixing cylinder, a fertilizer hopper located above the mixing cylinder and a central column rotatably connected to the mixing cylinder, the transmission unit is used to drive the central column to rotate, and the sprinkler unit is used to discharge the water and fertilizer in the lower part of the mixing cylinder; a partition plate is provided in the mixing cylinder to divide the mixing cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and the upper part of the central column passes through the partition plate and is located in the upper chamber; a plurality of stirring shafts located in the lower chamber are provided on the central column, and a cam and a plurality of stirring blades are also provided on the central column, all of which are located in the upper chamber; a water spray cylinder and a pressing cylinder with a plurality of water leakage holes on the side wall are provided in the upper chamber, a push plate driven to reciprocate by the cam is slidably connected in the water spray cylinder, and a push plate driven to reciprocate by the cam is slidably connected in the pressing cylinder A pressure plate that reciprocates; a cavity is opened in the center column, a piston is slidably connected in the cavity, a closed curved groove is opened on the inner wall of the center column, and a connecting rod is provided on the piston, one end of which is engaged in the curved groove; a water inlet hole located in the upper cavity and a drainage hole located in the upper part of the lower cavity are opened on the center column, the lower limit position of the piston movement is located below the drainage hole, and the upper limit position of the piston movement is located between the water inlet hole and the drainage hole; a conduit is connected to the bottom of the fertilizer hopper, a plunger is provided on the piston that is slidably connected in the conduit, and a discharge port that can be opened and closed by the plunger is opened on the conduit; a feed pipe is connected between the discharge port and the press barrel, a water inlet pipe with one end connected to the water tank and a drainage pipe with one end connected to the press barrel are connected to the water spray barrel, a one-way water inlet valve is provided on the water inlet pipe, and a one-way drainage valve is provided on the drainage pipe; The sprinkler irrigation unit includes a water pump, a water delivery pipe connected to the lower part of the mixing barrel, and a nozzle connected to the water delivery pipe and a drainage pipe, and the water pump is connected to the water delivery pipe; The transmission unit includes a motor and a first gear fixed on the output shaft of the motor, and a second gear meshing with the first gear is fixed on the central column; The lower part of the central column passes through the bottom of the mixing cylinder, and the central column is provided with a one-way air inlet valve that can communicate with the outside world, and the central column is also provided with a one-way exhaust valve located in the lower cavity; A spring is connected between the push plate and the water spray barrel to keep the push plate and the cam in contact at all times.

2. The farmland fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A closed slot is provided on the side wall in the thickness direction of the cam, and a push rod with one end engaged in the slot is provided on the pressing plate.

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