Three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device

Abstract

The present invention provides a three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device, which belongs to the field of simulation experimental equipment for geological environments, including a bottom plate, which is used to carry a vertical wall and a telescopic push plate. The bottom plate, the vertical wall and the telescopic push plate form a sealed box structure with only an upper end opening. At least one side of the vertical wall moves relative to the bottom plate along the Y-axis direction, and the telescopic push plate moves relative to the bottom plate in the X-axis direction and performs extrusion or stretching on the internal experimental body in the X-axis direction. The telescopic push plate includes an intermediate push plate, and the intermediate push plate is provided with a left telescopic plate at one end in the Y-axis direction and a right telescopic plate at the other end. The connection structure between the left telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate is the same as the connection structure between the right telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate, and the right telescopic plate is sealed and slidably connected relative to the intermediate push plate. The present invention simulates a kind of sand that is not only subjected to extrusion / stretching forces in the horizontal X-direction and Y-direction, and the simulation result is more accurate, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of simulation experimental equipment for geological environments and relates to a three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device. Background Art

[0002] The study of the structure and evolution of the earth's interior has always been an academic problem. The research in this field will greatly affect all aspects of people's work and life, such as mineral exploration, earthquake prediction and engineering construction. The scientific research community has been conducting artificial exploration and theoretical research on geological structures. The research results need to be verified experimentally, but the change of geological structure is a very slow process. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the structural deformation process of large time and space scales through experimental instruments. Due to the large time and space span of geological structural deformation, the corresponding simulation time is also very long. The centrifuge has the function of "time and space compression". The "supergravity field" generated by its high-speed rotation can shorten the time of physical simulation of geological structural deformation, and plays an irreplaceable role in solving problems such as large time and space scale geological structural deformation. But on the other hand, the components tested on the centrifuge are under the action of the supergravity field (up to 300g), and the shape and performance of the components will change significantly. Therefore, special components that can be applied to the supergravity field and guarantee their working performance are required to be used for centrifuge experiments.

[0003] The three-dimensional extrusion experiment is a simulation experiment of a very complex geological environment. The sand placed in the sand box is not only under the action of a supergravity field, but also subjected to extrusion and stretching in two directions on the same horizontal line. At the same time, water, oil and other substances are injected into the bottom of the sand box. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device to simulate a state in which sand is not only subjected to extrusion / stretching forces in the horizontal X and Y directions, but also has colloid injected at the bottom. The simulation result is more accurate, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device, comprising a bottom plate, used to carry a vertical wall and a telescopic push plate, the bottom plate and the vertical wall and the telescopic push plate form a sealed box structure with only an upper end open, and at least one side of the vertical wall moves relative to the bottom plate along the Y-axis direction;

[0006] Two retractable push plates are vertically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate in the X-axis direction and can always be in contact and sealed with the inner side of the vertical wall. The retractable push plates move relative to the bottom plate in the X-axis direction and squeeze or stretch the experimental body inside in the X-axis direction;

[0007] The telescopic push plate includes an intermediate push plate, which is provided with a left telescopic plate at one end in the Y-axis direction and a right telescopic plate at the other end. The connection structure between the left telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate is the same as the connection structure between the right telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate. The right telescopic plate is sealed and slidably connected relative to the intermediate push plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the telescopic push plate includes an intermediate push plate, which is provided with a left telescopic plate at one end in the Y-axis direction and a right telescopic plate at the other end. The connection structure between the left telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate is the same as the connection structure between the right telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate. The right telescopic plate is sealed and slidably connected relative to the intermediate push plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a positioning plate is provided on the side of the middle push plate close to the right telescopic plate, and a guide rod is provided on the right telescopic plate. The end of the guide rod close to the positioning plate is connected to a guide column, and the outer ring of the guide column is provided with a return spring to ensure the return of the guide rod, and the return spring is arranged between the guide rod and the positioning plate, and the left telescopic plate and the right telescopic plate move along the Y-axis direction to squeeze the return spring.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide rods, guide posts and return springs are matched in multiple sets and evenly distributed up and down, the guide posts on the left telescopic plate and the guide posts on the right telescopic plate are spaced apart up and down, and the guide posts are fixed to the guide rods by threads.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide rod is a guide rail structure, the upper end cover of the positioning plate is provided with a protective plate, the protective plate is fixedly connected to the intermediate push plate, a slider is fixedly provided on one side of the protective plate close to the positioning plate, and the slider is matched with the guide rod of the guide rail structure.

[0012] Furthermore, two guide blocks are provided at the upper end of the middle push plate, one of which corresponds to the right telescopic plate to limit its thickness direction, and the other corresponds to the left telescopic plate to limit its thickness direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the middle push plate includes a fixed push plate and a limit push plate that are fixedly connected. The limit push plate is arranged on a side of the fixed push plate where the right telescopic plate is arranged, and is contacted with the limit push plate at the extreme position after the left telescopic plate and the right telescopic plate are retracted. The positioning plate is arranged on the limit push plate, and a first sealing groove for setting a sealing strip is provided at both ends of the fixed push plate in the Y-axis direction, and a second sealing groove for setting a sealing strip is provided at both ends of the limit push plate in the Y-axis direction. A third sealing groove for setting a sealing strip is provided on the side of the left telescopic plate away from the positioning plate, and a fourth sealing groove for setting a sealing strip is provided on the side of the right telescopic plate away from the positioning plate.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two vertical walls, which are vertically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate in the Y-axis direction. One of the vertical walls is fixedly connected to the floor and has an observation window on it for observing the extrusion state of the objects in the sand box. The other vertical wall moves relative to the bottom plate in the Y-axis direction to extrude or stretch the experimental object inside in the Y-axis direction.

[0015] Furthermore, an X-guide rail is provided at the upper end of the vertical wall, and a crossbeam is provided at the upper end of the X-guide rail for sliding connection therewith, the crossbeam slides along the X-axis direction, and the lower end of the crossbeam is connected to the telescopic push plate, one telescopic push plate is matched with a crossbeam, and the connection structure between the crossbeam and the right telescopic plate is the same as the connection structure between the crossbeam and the left telescopic plate, and a guide rail structure parallel to the Y-axis direction is provided between the right telescopic plate and the crossbeam, and the slider sliding in the X-axis direction and the slider sliding in the Y-axis direction are fixed by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the right telescopic plate.

[0016] Further, the telescopic push plate is driven by a first hydraulic cylinder, and at least one of the vertical walls is driven by a second hydraulic cylinder. The bottom plate, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are all fixedly mounted on a base, and an oil passage is provided on the base to supply oil to the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder. An oil return cylinder and an oil storage chamber are provided on the lower end surface of the base, and the oil discharged by the hydraulic cylinder enters the oil storage chamber through the oil passage, and the oil return cylinder pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil storage chamber back to the central hydraulic station on the centrifuge basket by pressurizing;

[0017] The first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder both use hydrostatic bearings as guide supports for piston rods, and the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder both use grating rulers as displacement sensors.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects.

[0019] 1. The present invention is suitable for experimental tests under weightlessness. It is arranged on the hanging basket of the centrifuge, and the sand box is used to place the sand. The telescopic push plate is moved relative to the inner wall of the sand box in the X-axis to simulate a state in which the sand is subjected to extrusion / tensile force in the horizontal X direction and the unilateral Y-axis direction, thereby ensuring the force in three directions and realizing three-dimensional extrusion. In addition, the observation window is arranged to facilitate the observation of the change of the sand in the box at any time during the test. The whole structure is simple, convenient to manufacture and assemble, and reduces the failure rate and the occurrence of assembly problems. The structure is more stable and reliable.

[0020] 2. A crossbeam matching the telescopic push plate is set to reduce the friction generated by the push plate in the supergravity field. The push plate is hoisted on the crossbeam, and the crossbeam is fixed on the guide rails at the top of the vertical walls on both sides. In this way, the pressure of the push plate on the bottom plate of the sand box can be reduced as much as possible, and the friction coefficient of the guide rail slider is much smaller than the sliding friction coefficient. In this way, the friction of the push plate when moving can be reduced to the greatest extent, so that the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder can act on the experimental sand as much as possible, and the wear of the push plate is greatly reduced. At the same time, a guide rail structure is also set in the Y direction, so that the left and right telescopic plates can ensure progress while telescoping and reducing the friction coefficient with the floor. The telescopic structure of the telescopic push rod ensures that it fits closely with the vertical walls on both sides, realizing tightness during the telescopic process, and the structure is stable and reliable;

[0021] 3. The hydraulic cylinder uses a hydrostatic bearing as the guide support of the piston rod to reduce the friction of the piston rod during movement. The hydraulic cylinder uses a grating ruler as a displacement sensor to avoid the measurement error caused by the deformation of the measuring element in the hypergravity field to the greatest extent;

[0022] 4. Setting oil channels and water channels on the bottom plate not only avoids possible leakage of pipes due to deformation under the hypergravity field, ensures the reliability of the oil and water channels, but also reduces the weight of the bottom plate and ensures the experimental performance of the centrifuge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a bottom structural schematic diagram of the three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic push plate and related parts after coordination of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of part A;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation among the guide rod, the guide column and the return spring of the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 1. First hydraulic cylinder; 2. Base; 21. Weight reduction hole; 3. Observation window; 4. X-guide rail; 5. Crossbeam; 6. Telescopic push plate; 61. Protection plate; 62. Reset spring; 621. Guide column; 63. Guide rod; 64. Left telescopic plate; 641. Third sealing groove; 65. Middle push plate; 651. First sealing groove; 652. Guide block; 653. Second sealing groove; 66. Right telescopic plate; 661. Fourth sealing groove; 67. Fixed push plate; 68. Limit push plate; 69. Positioning plate; 7. Bottom plate; 8. Vertical wall; 9. Second hydraulic cylinder; 10. Oil return cylinder; 11. Oil storage chamber; 12. Connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0034] In the present application, a Cartesian coordinate system is used to define the directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis. For details, please refer to the drawings in the specification.

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1 to Figure 5As shown, the present invention is a three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device, including a bottom plate 7, which is used to support a vertical wall 8 and a telescopic push plate 6. The bottom plate 7, the vertical wall 8 and the telescopic push plate 6 form a sealed box structure with only an upper end opening;

[0037] There are two vertical walls 8, which are vertically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate 7 in the Y-axis direction. One of the vertical walls 8 is provided with an observation window 3 for observing the squeezed state of the object in the sand box; the other vertical wall 8 moves relative to the bottom plate 7 in the Y-axis direction to squeeze or stretch the internal experimental body in the Y-axis direction; the observation window 3 is embedded in the vertical wall 8, and the lower surface of the observation window 3 is flush with the lower surface of the vertical wall 8. The shape of the observation window 3 is the same as that of the vertical wall 8 and is centrally arranged on the vertical wall 8. The area of ​​the observation window 3 accounts for more than 4 / 5 of the area of ​​the vertical wall 8, which is convenient for the experimenter to observe the state of hand squeezing or stretching of sand and soil anytime and anywhere, thereby improving the convenience of equipment operation.

[0038] Preferably, the observation window 3 includes but is not limited to the following materials: acrylic, tempered glass, PAM board or translucent resin, which ensures the extrusion strength during the extrusion process while ensuring transparency to meet the effect of real-time observation.

[0039] There are two retractable push plates 6, which are vertically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate 7 in the X-axis direction and can always be in contact and sealed with the inner side of the vertical wall 8. The retractable push plates 6 move relative to the bottom plate 7 in the X-axis direction and squeeze or stretch the experimental body inside in the X-axis direction.

[0040] Preferably, an X-guide rail 4 is provided at the upper end of the vertical wall 8, and a crossbeam 5 slidably connected thereto is provided at the upper end of the X-guide rail 4. The crossbeam 5 slides along the X-axis direction, and the lower end of the crossbeam 5 is connected to the telescopic push plate 6. One telescopic push plate 6 is matched with one crossbeam 5.

[0041] Preferably, the telescopic push plate 6 is driven by the first hydraulic cylinder 1, and one of the vertical walls 8 is driven by the second hydraulic cylinder 9. The bottom plate 7, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 are all fixedly mounted on the base 2. The base 2 is provided with an oil channel to supply oil to the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9. The lower end surface of the base 2 is provided with an oil return cylinder 10 and an oil storage chamber 11. The oil discharged by the hydraulic cylinder enters the oil storage chamber 11 through the oil channel. The oil return cylinder 10 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil storage chamber 11 back to the central hydraulic station on the centrifuge basket by pressurizing. In addition to setting the oil channel, a water channel can also be set, which not only avoids the leakage that may occur due to deformation of the pipe fittings under the supergravity field, ensures the reliability of the oil circuit and the water circuit, but also reduces the weight of the bottom plate 7, ensures the experimental performance of the centrifuge, and further, in order to reduce the weight of the bottom plate 7 A plurality of weight-reducing holes 21 are also provided on the bottom plate 7, which are dispersedly arranged to ensure strength while reducing weight. In the present structure, the oil return cylinder 10 adopts a hydraulically controlled booster cylinder to pressurize the system return oil of the test bench and pump it back to the hydraulic station at the rotation center. In view of the specifications and principles of the hydraulically controlled booster cylinder, the present application has applied for a relevant patent, and the information is as follows: "CN. Double-rod oil-water booster cylinder"; further, the water channel and the oil channel are arranged in a simple cross-shaped structure, which runs through the bottom plate 7, and a plurality of oil inlets and oil outlets are arranged. A sealed plug is provided for each oil inlet and oil outlet. According to the actual installation and debugging requirements, the nearest oil inlet or oil outlet is selected for use; further, the capacity of the oil storage chamber 11 is not limited by volume, but only plays the effect of oil buffering, and is pumped back to the hydraulic station through the oil return cylinder 10.

[0042] Preferably, the oil inlet of the oil channel is connected to the oil delivery pipe on the centrifuge basket, and the oil outlet of the oil channel is connected to the oil inlet of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9. The diameter of the oil channel is 6 to 12 mm, preferably 8 mm. There are certain requirements for the flow rate, and the flow rate can be controlled at any time by a pump.

[0043] The first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 both use hydrostatic bearings as guide supports for the piston rod to reduce the friction of the piston rod during movement. The first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 both use grating rulers as displacement sensors to avoid measurement errors caused by deformation of the measuring element in the hypergravity field to the greatest extent. This structure is beneficial to the accuracy and stability of the test under the action of centrifugal force, and will extend the service life of the parts, the force is more balanced and stable, and the center of gravity is easy to control.

[0044] This structure fixed on the bottom plate 7 is symmetrically arranged in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. Under the action of centrifugal force, the structure is more stable, avoiding the centrifugal force from generating unequal forces on the structure and affecting the structure, which can improve the service life of the structure to a certain extent.

[0045] Preferably, the telescopic push plate 6 includes an intermediate push plate 65, which is provided with a left telescopic plate 64 at one end in the Y-axis direction and a right telescopic plate 66 at the other end. The connection structure between the left telescopic plate 64 and the intermediate push plate 65 is the same as the connection structure between the right telescopic plate 66 and the intermediate push plate 65. The right telescopic plate 66 is sealed and slidably connected relative to the intermediate push plate 65. The sliding structure of the left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66 ensures that the telescopic push plate 6 fits tightly against the vertical wall 3, prevents leakage of the tested sand and soil, and ensures the accuracy of the experimental results. The sliding structure of the left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66 can be realized by a nitrogen spring structure, or can be replaced by other equivalent structures, such as elastic plastic or other elastic materials, or an inflatable structure with a buffering function.

[0046] Preferably, a positioning plate 69 is provided on the side of the middle push plate 65 close to the right telescopic plate 66, and a guide rod 63 is provided on the right telescopic plate 66. The end of the guide rod 63 close to the positioning plate 69 is connected to a guide column 621, and the outer ring of the guide column 621 is provided with a reset spring 62 for ensuring the reset of the guide rod 63. The reset spring 62 is arranged between the guide rod 63 and the positioning plate 69. The left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66 move along the Y-axis direction to squeeze the reset spring 62. The guide column 621 has a certain restriction and guiding effect on the reset spring 62, thereby ensuring that the reset spring 62 is telescoped in the direction of its axis, thereby improving the stability of the structure.

[0047] Preferably, if Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide rod 63, the guide column 621 and the return spring 62 are matched to form multiple sets and are evenly distributed up and down. The guide column 621 on the left telescopic plate 64 and the guide column 621 on the right telescopic plate 66 are spaced apart up and down, and the guidance is more stable and reliable. The guide column 621 is fixed to the guide rod 63 by threads, and the structure is simple and the connection is convenient.

[0048] Preferably, the guide rod 63 is a guide rail structure, the upper end cover of the positioning plate 69 is provided with a protective plate 61, the protective plate 61 is fixedly connected to the middle push plate 65, and a slider is fixedly provided on the side of the protective plate 61 close to the positioning plate 69. The slider and the guide rod 63 of the guide rail structure are matched with each other, and the guide rail and sliding structure are conducive to ensuring the accuracy and stability of movement.

[0049] Preferably, two guide blocks 652 are provided at the upper end of the middle push plate 65, one corresponding to the right telescopic plate 66 to limit its thickness direction, and the other corresponding to the left telescopic plate 64 to limit its thickness direction, thereby further improving the movement accuracy and stability of the left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66.

[0050] When the left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66 are pushed by the vertical wall 3, the left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66 shrink along the direction of the guide rod 63. The compression force of the return spring 62 can ensure that the telescopic plate is close to the vertical wall 3, ensuring the box structure with four closed sides and an upper end opening. This structure is simple and ensures the accuracy of movement.

[0051] Preferably, if Figure 4 As shown, the middle push plate 65 includes a fixed push plate 67 and a limiting push plate 68 that are fixedly connected. The limiting push plate 68 is arranged on one side of the fixed push plate 67 where the right telescopic plate 66 is arranged, and is arranged in contact with the limiting push plate 68 at the extreme position after the left telescopic plate 64 and the right telescopic plate 66 are retracted. The positioning plate 69 is arranged on the limiting push plate 68, and a first sealing groove 651 for setting a sealing strip is arranged at both ends of the fixed push plate 67 in the Y-axis direction, and a second sealing groove 653 for setting a sealing strip is arranged at both ends of the limiting push plate 68 in the Y-axis direction. A third sealing groove 641 for setting a sealing strip is arranged on the side of the left telescopic plate 64 away from the positioning plate 69, and a fourth sealing groove 661 for setting a sealing strip is arranged on the side of the right telescopic plate 66 away from the positioning plate 69. Multiple sealing strips are arranged to ensure that the structure will not be affected by sand leakage during the experiment.

[0052] Preferably, an X-guide rail 4 is provided at the upper end of the vertical wall 8, and a crossbeam 5 is provided at the upper end of the X-guide rail 4 to be slidably connected thereto. The crossbeam 5 slides along the X-axis direction, and the lower end of the crossbeam 5 is connected to the telescopic push plate 6. One telescopic push plate 6 is matched with one crossbeam 5. The connection structure between the crossbeam 5 and the right telescopic plate 66 is the same as the connection structure between the crossbeam 5 and the left telescopic plate 64. A guide rail structure arranged parallel to the Y-axis direction is provided between the right telescopic plate 66 and the crossbeam 5. The slider sliding in the X-axis direction and the slider sliding in the Y-axis direction are fixed by a connecting plate 12. The connecting plate 12 Fixedly connected to the right telescopic plate 66, this structure ensures that the pressure of the telescopic push plate 6 on the bottom plate 7 is reduced as much as possible, and the friction coefficient of the slider movement of the X-guide rail 4 and the Y-guide rail structure is much smaller than the sliding friction coefficient. This can minimize the friction force of the telescopic push plate 6 during movement, so that the thrust of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 can act on the experimental sand as much as possible, and also greatly reduce the wear of the telescopic push plate 6. Smaller models of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 can be selected to reduce energy consumption and extend the service life of the telescopic push plate 6.

[0053] In actual use, when this structure is installed on the centrifuge basket and the centrifuge starts a high-speed rotation experiment, the hydraulic station installed in the rotation center delivers a trace amount of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder of this structure on the basket according to the experimental requirements. The hydraulic oil is delivered to the oil inlet on the bottom plate 7 along the oil pipe installed on the swing arm. This oil inlet is the oil inlet of the oil channel on the bottom plate 7. The hydraulic oil is then delivered to the rear cavities of the two first hydraulic cylinders 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 through the oil channel in the bottom plate 7. The piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 extends to push the telescopic push plate 6 to squeeze the sand in the sand box, or retracts to pull back the telescopic push plate 6 to release space. The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 9 extends out to push the vertical wall 8 to squeeze the sand in the sand box, or retracts to pull back the vertical wall 8 to release space. The first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 extend out or retract at the same time to complete the squeezing or stretching action, and the hydraulic oil discharged by the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 are collected into the oil storage chamber 11 along the oil channel in the bottom plate 7. Due to the gravity difference between the rotation center and the hanging basket, the hydraulic oil in the oil storage chamber 11 will produce back pressure and it is difficult to return to the hydraulic station located at the rotation center. Therefore, it is necessary to drive the return cylinder 10 to pressurize the hydraulic oil, and the pressurized hydraulic oil can smoothly return to the central hydraulic station.

[0054] While the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 9 are pushing and squeezing, the control center is also injecting oil, water and silica gel according to the experimental requirements. Among them, the viscosity of oil and water is relatively small, and they can be directly transported from the rotation center to the experimental table on the hanging basket. Due to the gravity difference between the rotation center and the hanging basket, the oil and water can be transported to the hanging basket without power drive, and enter the holes of the bottom plate 7 through the water channel and oil channel in the bottom plate 7 platform and are injected into the sand. This structure simulates a state in which the sand is not only subjected to the squeezing / stretching force in the horizontal X and Y directions, but also has oil and water injected at the bottom. This structure adopts a structure with three push plates and one fixed surface. A movable vertical wall 8 is set up in the Y-axis direction, and two retractable push plates 6 are set up in the X-axis direction. The left retractable plate 64 and the right retractable plate 66 on both sides of the retractable push plate 6 are close to the vertical wall 8 and retract with the movement of the vertical wall 8. This structure can ensure that no matter what state the other three moving surfaces move to, the central sand area formed by the retractable push plate 6 and the vertical wall 8 is a closed space, thereby ensuring that the experimental state is closer to reality. The vertical wall 8 and the retractable push plate 6 move relative to each other to achieve the application of extrusion or stretching force on the sand. This structure is suitable for experiments under the action of centrifugal force, with higher stability and high test accuracy.

[0055] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. Three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device, characterized in that: It includes a bottom plate, which is used to carry the vertical wall and the telescopic push plate. The bottom plate, the vertical wall and the telescopic push plate form a sealed box structure with only an upper end open, and at least one side of the vertical wall moves relative to the bottom plate along the Y-axis direction; Two retractable push plates are vertically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate in the X-axis direction and can always be in contact and sealed with the inner side of the vertical wall. The retractable push plates move relative to the bottom plate in the X-axis direction and squeeze or stretch the experimental body inside in the X-axis direction; The telescopic push plate includes an intermediate push plate, wherein a left telescopic plate is provided at one end of the intermediate push plate in the Y-axis direction, and a right telescopic plate is provided at the other end, the connection structure between the left telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate is the same as the connection structure between the right telescopic plate and the intermediate push plate, and the right telescopic plate is sealed and slidably connected relative to the intermediate push plate; A positioning plate is provided on one side of the middle push plate close to the right telescopic plate, a guide rod is provided on the right telescopic plate, a guide column is connected to one end of the guide rod close to the positioning plate, a return spring is provided on the outer ring of the guide column to ensure the return of the guide rod, the return spring is provided between the guide rod and the positioning plate, and the left telescopic plate and the right telescopic plate move along the Y-axis direction to squeeze the return spring; The intermediate push plate comprises a fixed push plate and a limit push plate which are fixedly connected, the limit push plate being arranged on a side where the right telescopic plate is arranged on the fixed push plate, and being arranged in contact with the limit push plate at the extreme position after the left telescopic plate and the right telescopic plate are retracted, the positioning plate being arranged on the limit push plate, a first sealing groove for setting a sealing strip being arranged at both ends of the fixed push plate in the Y-axis direction, a second sealing groove for setting a sealing strip being arranged at both ends of the limit push plate in the Y-axis direction, a third sealing groove for setting a sealing strip being arranged at a side of the left telescopic plate away from the positioning plate, and a fourth sealing groove for setting a sealing strip being arranged at a side of the right telescopic plate away from the positioning plate; The telescopic push plate is driven by a first hydraulic cylinder, and at least one of the vertical walls is driven by a second hydraulic cylinder. The bottom plate, the first hydraulic cylinder, and the second hydraulic cylinder are all fixedly mounted on a base. The base is provided with an oil passage to supply oil to the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder. The lower end surface of the base is provided with an oil return cylinder and an oil storage cavity. The oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder enters the oil storage cavity through the oil passage. The oil return cylinder pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil storage cavity back to the central hydraulic station on the centrifuge basket by pressurizing. The first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder both use hydrostatic bearings as guide supports for piston rods, and the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder both use grating rulers as displacement sensors.

2. The three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rods, guide posts and return springs are matched and arranged in multiple sets and are evenly distributed up and down. The guide posts on the left telescopic plate and the guide posts on the right telescopic plate are arranged at intervals up and down. The guide posts are fixedly locked on the guide rods by threads.

3. The three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rod is a guide rail structure, the upper end cover of the positioning plate is provided with a protective plate, the protective plate is fixedly connected to the middle push plate, a slider is fixedly provided on one side of the protection plate close to the positioning plate, and the slider is matched with the guide rod of the guide rail structure.

4. The three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two guide blocks are arranged at the upper end of the middle push plate, one of which corresponds to the right telescopic plate to limit its thickness direction, and the other corresponds to the left telescopic plate to limit its thickness direction.

5. The three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two vertical walls, which are vertically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate in the Y-axis direction. One of the vertical walls is fixedly connected to the floor and has an observation window on it for observing the extrusion state of the object in the sand box. The other vertical wall moves relative to the bottom plate in the Y-axis direction to extrude or stretch the internal experimental object in the Y-axis direction.

6. The three-dimensional extrusion and stretching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: An X-guide rail is provided at the upper end of the vertical wall, and a crossbeam is provided at the upper end of the X-guide rail for sliding connection therewith, the crossbeam slides along the X-axis direction, and the lower end of the crossbeam is connected to the telescopic push plate, one telescopic push plate is matched with a crossbeam, and the connection structure between the crossbeam and the right telescopic plate is the same as the connection structure between the crossbeam and the left telescopic plate, and a guide rail structure parallel to the Y-axis direction is provided between the right telescopic plate and the crossbeam, the slider sliding in the X-axis direction and the slider sliding in the Y-axis direction are fixed by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the right telescopic plate.

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