Cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cantilevered centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment. It includes a centrifugal mainframe, a rotor system, an experimental chamber, a lifting system and an upper-driven spindle complex; the rotor system and the upper-driven spindle complex are installed in the experimental chamber, the bottom of the experimental chamber is installed on the device base, the centrifugal mainframe is installed on the lifting system and connected to the upper-driven spindle complex, the upper-driven spindle complex and the rotor system are driven and connected, the lifting system is installed on the device base and above the experimental chamber, and the lifting system is connected to the experimental cover; the hanging cup is equipped with a heat preservation device, the heat preservation device is equipped with a heating device, the heating device is equipped with a load-bearing device, and the hanging cup is hingedly suspended at the end of the rotating arm of the ultra-gravity centrifuge through a lifting ear. The present invention can realize high-throughput testing of material properties such as stretching, endurance, creep, fatigue, etc. under centrifugal ultra-gravity environment, can apply uniform stress gradient and non-uniform stress gradient to the sample, so as to simulate the working environment of the sample to the maximum extent, and is easy to operate and safe and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a supergravity material performance testing machine in the technical field of material performance testing, and in particular to a cantilever type centrifugal supergravity environment material performance testing machine system. Background Art

[0002] Blade machinery is key equipment in the aerospace, metallurgy, and energy industries, such as aircraft engines, compressors, steam turbines, and water turbines. The design, operation, and maintenance of this type of machinery are related to the safety and stability of major engineering projects, and are of great significance to the national economy and national security.

[0003] As the core component of high-temperature combustion gas in aircraft engines, turbine blades are usually designed with variable cross-sections, strong torsion surfaces (torsion exceeds 60 degrees), thin-walled curved surfaces (the thinnest part of the edge is less than 3mm), and complex topological geometric structures. The special geometric structure and complex working environment make turbine blades the components with the lowest reliability and the highest failure rate among the hot end components of aircraft engines. Although the blade-disk system is a circular cyclic symmetrical structure, due to factors such as processing errors, assembly, and uneven wear during operation, the periodic symmetrical structure of the system is detuned, so that the blade modal vibration mode cannot be evenly transmitted to all blades in the circumferential direction, but the vibration energy is concentrated on several blades, making their amplitude and stress significantly greater than those of other blades, resulting in severe vibration mode localization, which is very likely to induce high-cycle fatigue fracture of the blades.

[0004] At present, the existing material mechanical properties testing equipment mainly focuses on the performance test of standard specimens under 1g. Although the mechanical properties data of standard specimens can provide experimental basis for the strength design of high-speed rotating components to a certain extent, compared with the actual working conditions, the standard specimens cannot comprehensively reflect the effects of the coupling effects of the solidification structure and uneven stress distribution, thin-wall effect, and processing technology related to the geometric characteristics of high-speed rotating components on their dynamic fatigue performance during the performance test, which seriously restricts the reliability design level of high-speed rotating components in my country. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that high-speed rotating parts performance testing devices cannot perform high-throughput testing, the present invention provides a testing machine system which is simple to assemble, easy to use, has a high safety factor, and can simultaneously test multiple performances in a single experiment under a hypergravity environment.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention comprises a centrifugal main machine, a rotor system, an experimental chamber, a lifting system and an upper-driven spindle complex; the rotor system and the upper-driven spindle complex are installed in the experimental chamber, the bottom of the experimental chamber is installed on a device base, the centrifugal main machine is installed on the lifting system above the experimental chamber and connected to the upper end of the upper-driven spindle complex, the lower end of the upper-driven spindle complex is drivingly connected to the rotor system, the lifting system is installed on the device base and is located above the experimental chamber, and the lifting system is connected to a chamber cover of the experimental chamber.

[0008] The experimental chamber comprises an experimental chamber, a protective shell, an experimental chamber cover, a vertical elbow clamp and a support; the bottom of the experimental chamber is fixedly installed on the device base through the support, and the top of the experimental chamber is open and provided with an experimental chamber cover; three vertical elbow clamps are evenly distributed and fixedly installed along the circumference of the top surface of the experimental chamber around the experimental chamber cover, and the experimental chamber cover is fixed to the experimental chamber through the vertical elbow clamp, and the vertical elbow clamp is specifically a snap-on connection and locking structure; the contact surface between the experimental chamber cover and the experimental chamber is sealed with an O-type rubber ring, and a vacuum interface is opened on the side wall of the experimental chamber, and the vacuum interface is connected to an external ground vacuum system or an inflation system; three layers of protective shells are arranged around the inside of the experimental chamber.

[0009] The lifting system includes a drive motor, a coupling, a lead screw guide rail, a bracket, a nut block, and a vertical guide rail; the lifting bracket is installed on the device base on the side of the experimental chamber, the drive motor is fixed on the top of the lifting bracket, the output shaft of the drive motor is downwardly connected through a coupling and a lead screw, the lead screw is arranged vertically, and a nut block is installed on the lead screw through a thread, and the nut block is axially movably mounted on a vertical guide rail arranged parallel to the lead screw to form a lead screw nut pair; the drive motor drives the lead screw to rotate and then drives the nut block to move up and down along the vertical guide rail.

[0010] The centrifugal main engine comprises a centrifugal motor, an upper bearing bracket, a speed sensor, a displacement sensor and a motor support; the motor support is fixed to the side of the nut block of the lifting system, the centrifugal motor is fixedly installed on the motor support, the bottom of the motor support is fixedly connected to the experimental chamber cover of the experimental chamber, an upper-driven spindle complex is installed on the side of the centrifugal motor, the upper-driven spindle complex is supported and installed on the upper bearing bracket, the upper bearing bracket is fixedly connected to the motor support, the output shaft of the centrifugal motor is connected to the upper-driven spindle complex downward through the belt transmission structure, driving the upper-driven spindle complex to rotate; a speed sensor is fixedly installed on the top surface of the experimental chamber cover beside the side of the upper-driven spindle complex, a displacement sensor is fixedly connected and installed on the lower part of the upper-driven spindle complex, and the lower end of the upper-driven spindle complex is connected to the rotor system.

[0011] The top-driven spindle complex comprises a slip ring, a slip ring shaft, a spindle, a small pulley, a magnetic fluid sealing structure, a sealing flange, a connecting flange and a tightening sleeve; the upper sleeve of the spindle is provided with a slip ring shaft and a shaft collar portion in order from top to bottom; the lower end of the slip ring shaft is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the spindle, and a slip ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the slip ring shaft; the spindle below the slip ring shaft is partially provided with an annular outer flange as a shaft collar portion, the outer circumferential surface of the shaft collar portion is provided as an outer conical surface inclined downward, the inner circumferential surface of the small pulley is provided as an inner conical surface inclined downward, the small pulley is coaxially sleeved on the shaft collar portion of the spindle through the inner and outer conical surfaces, and the small pulley is sleeved on the shaft collar portion of the spindle through the inner and outer conical surfaces. The pulley is synchronously connected and driven by the output shaft of the centrifugal motor through the belt. The main shaft between the slip ring shaft and the shaft ring part is sleeved in the through hole of the upper bearing bracket of the centrifugal main machine through the bearing; the middle part of the main shaft is sleeved with a magnetic fluid sealing structure and a sealing flange from top to bottom; the magnetic fluid sealing structure includes a bearing cover, a deep groove ball bearing, a housing and an O-ring; the housing is sleeved outside the main shaft, and a radial gap is formed between the housing and the middle part of the main shaft to form a swimming cavity, and deep groove ball bearings are installed on the upper and lower sides of the swimming cavity, so that the housing and the main shaft are rotatably connected through the deep groove ball bearings, and the upper port of the swimming cavity is The shell is open and equipped with a bearing cover, which is sleeved on the outside of the main shaft and axially limits the deep groove ball bearing; the shell is closed at the lower end to form a closed end, and the closed end of the lower end of the shell and the main shaft are sealed; the lower end of the shell is provided with an outer flange, and the outer flange is provided with a connecting hole, and the bolt passes through the connecting hole and is connected to the top surface of the experimental chamber cover, so that the lower end of the shell is fixedly connected to the top surface of the experimental chamber cover, and the lower end surface of the shell is provided with an annular groove, and an O-ring is installed in the annular groove, and the lower end surface of the shell and the top surface of the experimental chamber cover are sealed by the O-ring; the sealing flange is located in the experimental chamber The sealing flange is provided with an annular step, and an annular groove is provided on the surface of the annular step. A sealing ring is installed in the annular groove, and a lower end of the main shaft is coaxially fixed with the connecting flange through a tightening sleeve and a connecting flange, and the lower end of the connecting flange is connected with the rotor system of the centrifugal supergravity device.

[0012] The rotor system comprises a hanging cup arm, a hanging cup and a hanging pin; the lower end of the main shaft of the top-driven main shaft complex passes through the central through hole of the experimental chamber cover and extends into the experimental chamber, the center of the top surface of the hanging arm and the sealing flange at the bottom end of the main shaft are coaxially fixed, and the two ends of the hanging arm are symmetrically hinged with hanging cups, and the hanging cups are hingedly installed at the end of the hanging arm through the hanging pin; the center of the bottom surface of the hanging arm is rotatably supported on the top end of the central supporting shaft, and the bottom end of the supporting shaft is vertically fixed to the center of the bottom of the experimental chamber.

[0013] A viewing window is provided on the bottom surface of the experimental cavity, a monitor is installed on the device base below the viewing window, the monitor faces the viewing window and shoots the experimental conditions in the experimental cavity through the viewing window.

[0014] A material performance testing system is installed in each of the hanging cups, and the material performance testing system includes a heating device, a heat preservation device and a load-bearing device; the heat preservation device is installed in the hanging cup, the heat preservation device is installed in the heating device, and the load-bearing device is installed in the heating device. Ears are provided on both sides of the top of the hanging cup, and the hanging cup is hingedly suspended on the end of the rotating arm of the ultragravity centrifuge through the ear on both sides.

[0015] The thermal insulation device comprises a protective shell, an upper aerogel layer, an upper ceramic fiber layer, an upper insulating ring, an upper fixed ring thermal insulation layer, a middle aerogel layer, a middle ceramic fiber layer, a lower insulating ring, a lower fixed ring thermal insulation layer, a lower aerogel layer, a lower ceramic fiber layer, a thermal insulation support seat, a thermal insulation cover, a furnace top aerogel layer, an upper inlet installation ring, an upper outlet installation hole, a lower inlet installation ring, a lower outlet installation hole, an upper annular spacer and a lower annular spacer; the protective shell is fixedly placed at the bottom of the hanging cup, and the inner circumferential wall of the protective shell is arranged with an annular aerogel layer along the circumference, and the aerogel layer is divided into a lower aerogel layer, a middle aerogel layer and an upper aerogel layer from bottom to top. A lower aerogel layer is provided between the lower aerogel layer and the middle aerogel layer, and a lower fixing ring of the lower heating structure is arranged at the lower annular interval; an upper annular interval is provided between the middle aerogel layer and the upper aerogel layer, and an upper fixing ring of the upper heating structure is arranged at the upper annular interval; a heat-insulating support seat is fixed at the center of the protective shell where the lower aerogel layer is located, and a lower ceramic fiber layer is filled between the heat-insulating support seat and the lower aerogel layer; an annular ceramic fiber layer is arranged along the circumference of the inner circumference of the upper aerogel layer and the middle aerogel layer above the lower ceramic fiber layer, and the ceramic fiber layer is divided into a middle ceramic fiber layer and an upper ceramic fiber layer from bottom to top. The ceramic fiber layer, the middle ceramic fiber layer and the upper ceramic fiber layer are respectively located close to the inner circumferential wall of the middle aerogel layer and the upper aerogel layer; a lower fixed ring insulation layer is arranged between the middle ceramic fiber layer and the lower ceramic fiber layer, and an upper fixed ring insulation layer is arranged between the upper aerogel layer and the middle ceramic fiber layer; a lower incoming line installation ring and a lower outgoing line installation ring arranged up and down respectively are embedded between the middle ceramic fiber layer and the lower fixed ring insulation layer, the lower incoming line installation ring is arranged with a lower section incoming power connection ring, the lower outgoing line installation ring is arranged with a lower section outgoing power connection ring, and the lower incoming line installation ring and the lower outgoing line installation ring are isolated by a lower insulating ring; the upper ceramic fiber layer An upper incoming line installation ring and an upper outgoing line installation ring which are arranged up and down respectively are embedded between the ceramic fiber layer and the upper fixed ring insulation layer. The upper incoming line installation ring is arranged with an upper section power incoming connection ring, and the upper outgoing line installation ring is arranged with an upper section power outgoing connection ring. The upper incoming line installation ring and the upper outgoing line installation ring are isolated from each other by an upper section insulating ring. A stepped opening is formed at the upper end of the upper ceramic fiber layer, and an insulation cover is installed at the stepped opening. A furnace top aerogel layer is installed at the upper end of the protective shell, and the bottom surface of the furnace top aerogel layer is tightly attached to the insulation cover and the top surface of the upper ceramic fiber layer. A heating inner cavity is formed at the inner periphery of the middle ceramic fiber layer above the lower ceramic fiber layer, and a heating cavity body is installed in the heating inner cavity.

[0016] The heating device comprises a heating cavity, an upper heating element, a lower heating element, an upper power input wiring ring, an upper power output connection ring, a lower power input wiring ring, a lower power output connection ring, an upper fixing ring, a lower fixing ring and a ceramic cover; the heating element is installed inside the heating cavity and the ceramic cover is installed on the top; a cylindrical cavity is provided in the center of the heating cavity, and a load-bearing device and a sample are installed in the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity; four upper heating element installation grooves are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction inside the side wall of the upper half of the heating cavity surrounding the cylindrical cavity, and each upper heating element is provided with a plurality of upper heating element installation grooves. The installation grooves are arranged in an arc shape, and each upper heating element installation groove is equipped with an upper heating element; an upper radiation hole is opened on the side wall of the heating cavity between the cylindrical cavity and the upper heating element installation groove, and the heat generated by the upper heating element is heated to the cylindrical cavity of the entire upper half of the heating cavity through the upper radiation hole by thermal radiation; a cylindrical cavity is arranged in the center of the heating cavity, and four lower heating element installation grooves are opened inside the side wall of the lower half of the heating cavity around the cylindrical cavity, and are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction. Each lower heating element installation groove is arranged in an arc shape. Each lower heating element installation groove is equipped with a lower heating element; a lower radiation hole is opened on the side wall of the heating cavity between the cylindrical cavity and the lower heating element installation groove, and the heat generated by the lower heating element is heated to the cylindrical cavity in the lower half of the entire heating cavity through the lower radiation hole by thermal radiation; an upper power input wiring ring, an upper power output connection ring and an upper fixing ring are arranged around the top of the heating cavity, and the upper heating element is electrically connected in parallel with the upper power input wiring ring and the upper power output connection ring, and the upper power input wiring ring and the upper power output connection ring are then connected to the ground power supply Electrical system; an upper section fixing ring is also provided around the upper section power inlet wiring ring and the upper section power outlet connecting ring, and the upper section fixing ring is arranged in the insulation device structure; a lower section power inlet wiring ring, a lower section power outlet connecting ring and a lower section fixing ring are provided around the bottom end of the heating cavity, the lower section heating element is electrically connected in parallel with the lower section power inlet wiring ring and the lower section power outlet connecting ring, and the lower section power inlet wiring ring and the lower section power outlet connecting ring are then connected to the ground power supply system; a lower section fixing ring is also provided around the lower section power inlet wiring ring and the lower section power outlet connecting ring, and the lower section fixing ring is arranged in the insulation device structure.

[0017] The load-bearing device includes a load-bearing frame, a high-temperature pull rod and a buffer body; the load-bearing frame is installed at the top port of the hanging cup, and the overall structure is an upward convex arc structure, and the inner circle edge of the bottom surface of the load-bearing frame is provided with a convex edge, and the convex edge is embedded and matched with the inner wall of the top port of the hanging cup; the upper end of the high-temperature pull rod is fixedly connected to the center hole of the load-bearing frame by bolts, and the lower end of the high-temperature pull rod passes downward through the insulation cover of the insulation device and the aerogel layer on the furnace top and then extends into the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity of the heating device, the lower end of the high-temperature pull rod is connected to the upper end of the sample, and the high-temperature pull rod and the sample are coaxial and located at the center of the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity. Axis position; the buffer body is located directly below the specimen and fixed on the insulation support seat of the insulation device, the buffer body includes a cylinder shell, a first layer of buffer baffle and a second layer of buffer baffle, the bottom end of the cylinder shell is fixed to the top surface of the insulation support seat, the inner circumference of the upper half of the cylinder shell is processed into a threaded hole, the first layer of buffer baffle and the second layer of buffer baffle are fitted in the threaded hole through threaded matching, the first layer of buffer baffle is located above the second layer of buffer baffle and are arranged at a distance from each other, and weight-reducing holes are provided on both side walls of the lower half of the cylinder shell to reduce the weight of the buffer body.

[0018] A sample slot is provided on the lower end face of the high-temperature pull rod. The sample is divided into a clamping head, a working section and a surface force loading block from top to bottom. The clamping head, the working section and the surface force loading block are coaxially integrated. The clamping head is processed into a shape and size that matches the sample slot and can be embedded in the sample slot. The surface force loading block is located above the buffer body.

[0019] The upper fixing ring, the lower fixing ring and the heating cavity are all made of alumina ceramics. The upper fixing ring and the heating cavity are insulated by an upper fixing ring insulation layer made of ceramic fiber, and the lower fixing ring and the heating cavity are separated by a lower fixing ring insulation layer made of ceramic fiber.

[0020] The outer wall surfaces of the top and bottom of the protective shell are both provided with a plurality of guardrails, and the plurality of guardrails are evenly spaced along the circumference for putting in and taking out the hanging cup from the protective shell.

[0021] The shell wall of the upper part of the protective shell is provided with heat dissipation holes.

[0022] The ceramic cover is on the top of the heating cavity, and a boss is fixedly provided at the center of the bottom surface of the ceramic cover, and the boss is located in the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity; the ceramic cover on both sides of the boss is provided with vertical thermocouple holes, and thermocouples are inserted in the thermocouple holes to control the temperature through the thermocouples.

[0023] It also includes an independent stress-strain testing system, which uses resistance strain gauges welded on different parts of the working section of the specimen. The leads are led out along the high-temperature pull rod to the outside of the hanging cup and connected to the ground monitoring system. The dynamic stress-strain curve of the working section of the specimen is obtained through the resistance strain gauge test.

[0024] The present invention provides a cantilever centrifugal ultragravity experimental device platform suitable for high-throughput material preparation and performance testing. By being equipped with a high-temperature heating and performance testing device, performance tests such as material durability, creep, fatigue, and thermomechanical fatigue can be realized under the coupling of body force, surface force, and temperature, thereby solving the difficult problem of high-throughput testing of dynamic performance of materials under the coupling of body force, surface force, and temperature under high-speed rotation.

[0025] The top-driven spindle complex of the present invention is suitable for high-speed rotating working conditions with a rotation speed greater than 50,000 rpm, can carry a load weighing more than 500 kg, and is feasible for use in a high vacuum environment of 10-2 Pa. It has the ability to automatically level by the load's own weight at low speeds, and also has the function of automatically detaching the load from the spindle in the event of an accident. It has a modular structural design, is easy to install and disassemble, and has strong adaptability and expansibility.

[0026] In the top-driven spindle complex structure of the present invention, the magnetic fluid sealing structure, the sealing flange and the oil seal constitute the sealing and lubrication system of the spindle complex. The sealing flange and the oil seal realize primary sealing. When their sealing effect cannot meet the 10-2Pa high vacuum requirement, the magnetic fluid sealing structure can realize secondary sealing, solving the key problem that the existing spindle cannot simultaneously meet the special requirements of overload protection, high vacuum, etc. under the high-speed rotation state, so that the spindle complex of the present invention can adapt to various working conditions such as vacuum, non-vacuum, dynamic sealing, etc., and has the characteristics of a wide range of applications. If the spindle complex works under non-vacuum conditions, the magnetic fluid sealing structure can be removed.

[0027] In the top-driven spindle complex of the present invention, the connecting flange and the expansion sleeve are connected to the rotor system of the airborne device of the centrifugal supergravity device. This structure enables the connecting flange and the expansion sleeve to be directly connected to the load, and under the action of the load's own gravity, the balance can be automatically found with the spindle as the axis center; after the load is installed, the dynamic balance of the rotor system and the spindle system is debugged at a low speed; because the connecting flange is a free end, under high speed conditions, the free shaking of the rotor system and the end of the spindle can avoid the formation of an over-static structure, so that dynamic balance can be achieved again under high speed conditions, which is beneficial to the long-term safe operation of the top-driven spindle complex under high speed and super large load.

[0028] In the top-driven spindle complex of the present invention, the connecting flange and the expansion sleeve are connected to the rotor system of the airborne device of the centrifugal supergravity device. This structure allows the connecting flange and the expansion sleeve to be directly connected to the load. During the high-speed test, once the load is damaged or accidentally caused by centrifugal action, if the expansion sleeve connected to the spindle is subjected to an instantaneous force exceeding the design requirements, the inner and outer sleeves of the expansion sleeve will expand and contract inside and outside, reducing the friction generated by the spindle and the containing surface of the expansion sleeve 51. The spindle is protected by the different speed rotation of the spindle and the expansion sleeve. When the weight of the rotor system is greater than the friction generated by the containing surface of the expansion sleeve 51, the rotor system automatically falls off from the spindle under the action of gravity and falls directly to the bottom of the experimental cabin; after the spindle complex is unloaded, it automatically regains balance again under the action of its own gravity to avoid damage. This structure is easy to install and disassemble. When the spindle is overloaded or an accident occurs, the expansion sleeve automatically loses the connection with the transmission system of the centrifugal supergravity device, so that the spindle complex is protected from damage.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] The material performance testing system disclosed in the present invention under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment is designed to Fig.13 In each experiment, the centrifuge host can carry 3 pairs (A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2) of identical hanging cups 61. Each pair of hanging cups completes one type of material performance experiment. In this way, three types of performance test experiments of the same material can be completed simultaneously each time (such as a group of endurance tests, a group of fatigue tests, and a group of thermomechanical fatigue tests), realizing high-throughput testing of material performance tests under centrifugal ultra-gravity, accelerating the key performance test cycle in the component finalization process, and effectively improving the efficiency of new product research and development.

[0031] The material performance testing system disclosed in the present invention under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment is designed to Fig.13 Each time the centrifuge host is used for the experiment, it can carry 3 pairs (A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2) of identical hanging cups 61. Each pair of hanging cups completes one type of material performance experiment. In this way, the same type of performance test experiments of three materials (such as A alloy, B alloy, C alloy) can be completed at the same time each time, which accelerates the efficiency of screening materials with optimal performance and solves the problem of material performance comparison under high-speed and complex working conditions.

[0032] The present invention is equipped with a material performance testing system in a centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment, which can achieve high-throughput testing of material properties such as stretching, durability, creep, fatigue, etc. in a centrifugal high gravity environment. Depending on the type of heating element, the heating system can achieve a maximum temperature of 1650°C.

[0033] The present invention can apply uniform stress gradient and non-uniform stress gradient to the sample by designing the sample shape and the weight of the surface force loading block, so as to simulate the working environment of the sample to the maximum extent.

[0034] The present invention aims to solve the equipment problem faced by the performance test of high-speed rotating parts. By equipping the high-temperature heating device, it can realize the material performance test of stretching, endurance, creep, fatigue, etc. in the centrifugal supergravity environment. Depending on the type of heating element, the heating device can achieve a maximum temperature of 1650°C.

[0035] The centrifuge main machine of the present invention has the ability to provide a 1500g-50000g ultra-gravity environment, and the experimental chamber has the ability to provide a vacuum or to be flushed with an inert gas, and the operation is convenient, safe and reliable.

[0036] The material performance testing system under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment of the present invention adopts an upper-driven spindle complex, which solves the key problem that the system cannot achieve automatic leveling and the load cannot be actively separated from the spindle after individual samples suddenly break during high-speed, high-load and high-throughput performance testing in a vacuum environment, which is conducive to the commercial application of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is the overall front view of the device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the experimental chamber;

[0039] Figure 3 is a side view of the lifting system;

[0040] Figure 4 It is the front view of the lifting system;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a structural side view of the centrifugal main engine;

[0042] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the rotor system;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the top-driven spindle complex;

[0044] Figure 8 It is the structural diagram of the main axis;

[0045] Fig. 9 It is the local connection structure diagram of the slip ring shaft and the main shaft;

[0046] Fig.10 It is a structural cross-sectional view of a magnetic fluid sealing structure;

[0047] Fig.11 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the sealing flange;

[0048] Fig.12 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the small pulley;

[0049] Fig.13It is a schematic diagram of the hanging cup arrangement of the rotor system design;

[0050] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the hanging cup when the airborne device is an arm-type centrifuge;

[0051] Fig.15 It is the load spectrum of material endurance and creep experiments under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature;

[0052] Fig.16 It is the load spectrum of material fatigue test under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature;

[0053] Fig.17 It is the load spectrum of the material thermomechanical fatigue experiment under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature;

[0054] Fig.18 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the material performance testing system of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.19 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the hanging cup;

[0056] Fig. 20 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the thermal insulation device;

[0057] Fig.21 It is a top view of the protective shell;

[0058] Fig. 22 is a side view of the protective case;

[0059] Fig.23 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the heating device;

[0060] Fig.24 is a top view of the heating chamber;

[0061] Fig.25 is a side view of the heating chamber;

[0062] Fig.26 It is a bottom view of the ceramic cover;

[0063] Fig. 27 is a side view of the ceramic cover;

[0064] Fig.28 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the load-bearing device;

[0065] Fig.29 It is a top view of the load-bearing frame;

[0066] Fig.30 This is the structural diagram of the high temperature tie rod;

[0067] Fig.31 It is a schematic diagram of various structures of the specimen;

[0068] Fig.32 It is a schematic diagram of various shapes of sample slots;

[0069] Fig.33 It is a schematic diagram of the buffer body structure.

[0070] The reference numerals in the figures are as follows:

[0071] Centrifugal main machine 1: 1-1 centrifugal motor, 1-3 upper bearing bracket, 1-4 speed sensor, 1-5 displacement sensor, 1-6 supporting shaft, 1-7 motor support.

[0072] Rotor system 2: 2-1 hanging cup arm, 2-3 hanging pin, 2-4 elastic retaining ring for shaft.

[0073] Experimental chamber 3: 3-1 chamber body, 3-2 protective shell, 3-3 experimental chamber cover, 3-4 vertical elbow clamp, 3-5 O-ring, 3-6 support, 3-7 monitor, 3-8 window, 3-9 vacuum interface.

[0074] Lifting system 4: 4-1 driving motor, 4-2 coupling, 4-3 screw guide, 4-4 bracket, 4-5 nut block, 4-6 vertical guide.

[0075] Top-driven spindle complex 5: slip ring 51, slip ring shaft 52, spindle 59, small pulley 510, magnetic fluid sealing structure 511, sealing flange 513, connecting flange 515, expansion sleeve 516; 511-2 bearing cover; 511-3 deep groove ball bearing; 511-4 housing; 511-5 swimming cavity; 511-6 connecting hole; 511-7 O-ring; 513-1 oil seal; 513-2 elastic retaining ring for hole; 513-3 sealing ring.

[0076] Hanging cup 61: hanging ear 61-1.

[0077] Heating device 62: heating cavity 62-1, upper heating element 62-2, lower heating element 62-3, upper power inlet connection ring 62-4, upper power outlet connection ring 62-5, lower power inlet connection ring 62-6, lower power outlet connection ring 62-7, upper fixing ring 62-8, lower fixing ring 62-9, ceramic cover 62-10; upper heating element mounting groove 62-1-1, lower heating element mounting groove 62-1-2, upper radiation hole 62-1-3, lower radiation hole 62-1-4; thermocouple hole 62-10-1, boss 62-10-2.

[0078] Insulation device 63: protective shell 63-1, upper aerogel layer 63-2, upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3, upper insulating ring 63-4, upper fixed ring insulation layer 63-5, middle aerogel layer 63-6, middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7, lower insulating ring 63-8, lower fixed ring insulation layer 63-9, lower aerogel layer 63-10, lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11, insulation support seat 63-12, insulation cover 63-13, furnace top aerogel layer 63-14, upper incoming line installation ring 63-15, upper outgoing line installation hole 63-16, lower incoming line installation ring 63-17, lower outgoing line installation hole 63-18, upper annular spacer 63-19, lower annular spacer 63-20; guardrail 63-1-1, heat dissipation hole 63-1-2.

[0079] The load-bearing device 64 includes a load-bearing frame 64-1, a high-temperature pull rod 64-2, a sample 64-3, a buffer body 64-4; a convex edge 64-1-3; a sample slot 64-2-1; a clamp head 64-3-1, a working section 64-3-2, a surface force loading block 64-3-3; a first-layer buffer baffle 64-4-1, a second-layer buffer baffle 64-4-2, a threaded hole 64-4-3, and a weight-reducing hole 64-4-4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, the entire device specifically implemented includes a centrifuge main unit 1, a rotor system 2, an experimental chamber 3, a lifting system 4 and an upper-driven spindle complex 5; the rotor system 2 and the upper-driven spindle complex 5 are installed in the experimental chamber 3, the bottom of the experimental chamber 3 is installed on the device base, the centrifuge main unit 1 is installed on the lifting system 4 above the experimental chamber 3 and is connected to the upper end of the upper-driven spindle complex 5, the lower end of the upper-driven spindle complex 5 is drivingly connected to the rotor system 2, the lifting system 4 is installed on the device base and is located above the experimental chamber 3, and the lifting system 4 is connected to the chamber cover of the experimental chamber 3.

[0082] The material performance test process using the device of the present invention meets the requirements of high temperature resistance, special atmosphere environment, and super gravity. Considering the operating environment of this device, mainly the impact of super gravity, the structure of the device of the present invention is a high-strength and light-weight modular design, with a short experimental preparation cycle and a safe and reliable testing process.

[0083] like Figure 2As shown, the experimental chamber 3 provides an experimental environment. The experimental chamber 3 includes an experimental chamber 3-1, a protective shell 3-2, an experimental chamber cover 3-3, a vertical toggle clamp 3-4 and a support 3-6; the bottom of the experimental chamber 3-1 is fixedly mounted on the base of the device through the support 3-6, and the top of the experimental chamber 3-1 is open and provided with an experimental chamber cover 3-3; three vertical toggle clamps 3-4 are evenly distributed and fixedly mounted on the top surface of the experimental chamber 3-1 around the experimental chamber cover 3-3 along the circumference, and the experimental chamber cover 3-3 is fixed to the experimental chamber 3-1 through the vertical toggle clamps 3-4, and the vertical toggle clamps 3-4 are specifically a snap-on connection and locking structure; the experimental chamber cover 3-3 is made of high-strength steel plate. After the experimental chamber cover 3-3 is covered, it is pressed tightly with three manual vertical toggle clamps 3-4 to prevent debris from flying out and hitting the experimental chamber cover 3-3 during the test. The experimental chamber cover 3-3 needs to completely eliminate the vacuum in the experimental chamber 3 and restore the normal pressure before it can be opened.

[0084] The contact surface between the experimental chamber cover 3-3 and the experimental chamber body 3-1 is sealed with an O-type rubber ring 3-5 to ensure the required vacuum degree of the experimental chamber 3. During the test, the chamber is evacuated to a vacuum of 10 -2 Pa, to avoid power consumption and temperature rise caused by high-speed rotation of rotor system 2 in the air; when the vacuum degree in test chamber 3 does not meet the requirements, overspeed rotation test of rotor system 2 is not allowed. A vacuum interface 3-9 is provided on the side wall of test chamber 3-1, and vacuum interface 3-7 is connected to the external ground vacuum system or inflation system. Once an accident occurs in the experiment, inert gas can be quickly flushed into test chamber 3; three layers of protective shell 3-2 are arranged around the inside of test chamber 3-1, and protective shell 3-2 is used to fully deform after impact to absorb destructive energy, and to prevent fragments from flying out, prevent serious damage to the test bench, and avoid any injury to the test personnel. Protective shell 3-2 is welded by high-strength steel plate material, and the weld is 100% radiographically inspected. Porosity, slag inclusions, and cracks are not allowed in the weld. Protective shell 3-2 is used to safely absorb the energy released when an accident occurs during the test, prevent fragments from flying out, prevent serious damage to the test bench, and avoid any injury to the test personnel.

[0085] A window 3-8 is provided on the bottom surface of the experimental cavity 3-1, and the window 3-8 is used to observe the conditions in the experimental cavity 3. A monitor 3-7 is installed on the device base below the window 3-8, and the monitor 3-7 faces the window 3-8 and shoots the experimental conditions in the experimental cavity 3-1 through the window 3-8.

[0086] Three supports 3 - 6 installed at the bottom of the cavity 3 - 1 are used to support the test cavity 3 .

[0087] The main function of the lifting system 4 is to lift or lower the chamber cover 3 - 3 and the rotor system 2 .

[0088] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the lifting system 4 includes a drive motor 4-1, a coupling 4-2, a lead screw guide rail 4-3, a bracket 4-4, a nut block 4-5, and a vertical guide rail 4-6; the lifting bracket 4-4 is installed on the device base on the side of the experimental chamber 3, the drive motor 4-1 is fixed on the top of the lifting bracket 4-4, the output shaft of the drive motor 4-1 is downwardly connected through the coupling 4-2 and the lead screw 4-3, the lead screw 4-3 is vertically arranged and supported and installed on the lifting bracket 4-4, the lead screw 4-3 is threadedly installed with a nut block 4-5, and the nut block 4-5 is axially movable on the vertical guide rail 4-6 arranged parallel to the lead screw 4-3, and the vertical guide rail is also supported and installed on the lifting bracket 4-4 to form a lead screw nut pair; the drive motor 4-1 drives the lead screw 4-3 to rotate and then drives the nut block 4-5 to move up and down along the vertical guide rail 4-6;

[0089] The main function of the centrifuge main unit 1 is to provide centrifugal supergravity for the material performance testing device under the centrifugal supergravity.

[0090] like Figure 5 As shown, the centrifugal main machine 1 includes a centrifugal motor 1-1, an upper bearing bracket 1-3, a speed sensor 1-4, a displacement sensor 1-5, a support shaft 1-6 and a motor support 1-7; the motor support 1-7 is fixed to the side of the nut block of the lifting system 4, the centrifugal motor 1-1 is fixedly installed on the motor support 1-7, the bottom of the motor support 1-7 is fixedly connected to the experimental chamber cover 3-3 of the experimental chamber 3, and an upper drive type spindle complex 5 is installed on the side of the centrifugal motor 1-1, and the upper drive type spindle complex 5 is supported and installed on the upper bearing bracket 1-3, and the upper bearing The bracket 1-3 is fixedly connected to the motor support 1-7, and the function of the upper bearing bracket 1-3 is to support the slip ring shaft 52 in the upper drive type spindle complex 5; the output shaft of the centrifugal motor 1-1 is connected to the upper drive type spindle complex 5 through the belt transmission structure downward, driving the upper drive type spindle complex 5 to rotate; the inner top surface of the experimental chamber cover 3-3 is fixedly installed with a speed sensor 1-4 beside the side of the upper drive type spindle complex 5, and the lower part of the upper drive type spindle complex 5 is fixedly connected and installed with a displacement sensor 1-5, and the lower end of the upper drive type spindle complex 5 is connected to the rotor system 2;

[0091] The centrifugal motor 1-1 provides power for the centrifugal main machine 1. The power calculation and motor selection are important components in the design of the centrifugal main machine. The power calculation is performed according to the working requirements of the centrifuge to reasonably determine the power of the motor.

[0092] The speed sensors 1-4 are used to measure the speed of the spindle 59 in the top-driven spindle complex 5. They are used in conjunction with various speed digital display instruments and directly connected to computer interface circuits, and can measure the speed and line speed without contact.

[0093] The displacement sensors 1-5 are fixed on the upper-driven spindle complex 5 to monitor the vibration of the spindle 59 in the upper-driven spindle complex 5. During the test, an alarm is triggered when the vibration amplitude of the spindle 59 is greater than 0.1 mm, and the spindle 59 is automatically shut down when the vibration amplitude is greater than 0.3 mm. The vibration amplitude alarm and shutdown values ​​can be flexibly set according to different test needs, while ensuring the smooth progress of the test process, minimizing damage to the spindle 59 as much as possible and increasing the service life of the spindle 59.

[0094] like Figure 7 As shown, the top-driven spindle complex 5 includes a slip ring 51, a slip ring shaft 52, a spindle 59, a small pulley 510, a magnetic fluid sealing structure 511, a sealing flange 513, a connecting flange 515 and a tightening sleeve 516; Fig. 9 As shown, the upper part of the main shaft 59 is provided with a slip ring shaft 52 and a shaft ring part in order from top to bottom; the lower end of the slip ring shaft 52 is coaxially fixed with the upper end of the main shaft 59, and the slip ring 51 is provided on the outer sleeve of the slip ring shaft 52; the slip ring 51 is used to realize power supply, communication and air supply between the airborne device of the centrifugal supergravity device and the ground power supply, control system and cooling system. The inner ring rotor of the slip ring 51 is tightly sleeved on the slip ring shaft 52, and the inner ring rotor of the slip ring 51 rotates with the main shaft 59, and the slip ring 51 can be conveniently replaced as needed; the outer ring rotor of the slip ring 51 is fixed to the inner top surface of the experimental chamber.

[0095] like Figure 8 and Fig.12 As shown, the main shaft 59 below the slip ring shaft 52 is partially provided with an annular outer flange as a collar portion, the outer circumferential surface of the collar portion is set as an outer conical surface inclined downward, and the inner circumferential surface of the small pulley 510 is set as an inner conical surface inclined downward, that is, both are conical surfaces with a small upper end and a large lower end. The small pulley 510 is coaxially mounted on the collar portion of the main shaft 59 through the inner and outer conical surfaces. The small pulley 510 is synchronously connected for transmission with the output shaft of the centrifugal motor 1-1 via a belt, and the main shaft 59 between the slip ring shaft 52 and the collar portion is mounted in the through hole of the upper bearing bracket 1-3 of the centrifugal main unit 1 through a bearing.

[0096] The small pulley 510 inputs torque to the main shaft complex. The small pulley 510 is connected to the rotor system of the airborne device of the centrifugal supergravity device. The small pulley 510 is connected to the main shaft 59 through the mounting hole to transmit the rotational torque to the main shaft 59. According to the needs, the transmission ratio of the small pulley is adjusted to meet different speed working conditions, which has strong adaptability and expansibility. The small pulley 510 and the power system of the centrifugal supergravity device transmit torque through a flat belt. The flat belt is elastic and can alleviate impact and vibration loads. It runs smoothly and without noise. When overloaded, the belt slips on the wheel to prevent damage to other parts.

[0097] In contrast, the present invention uses a belt transmission structure between the centrifugal motor 1-1 and the upper drive type spindle complex 5. The material of the transmission flat belt of the belt transmission structure is canvas, which performs speed increase transmission, and the transmission ratio can be adjusted as needed. The transmission flat belt is elastic, which can alleviate the impact and vibration load, and runs smoothly without noise; when overloaded, the belt slips on the wheel, which can prevent damage to other parts.

[0098] like Figure 7 As shown, a magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 and a sealing flange 513 are sequentially mounted on the middle portion of the main shaft 59 from top to bottom.

[0099] like Fig.10 As shown, the magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 includes a bearing cover 511-2, a deep groove ball bearing 511-3, a housing 511-4 and an O-ring 511-7; the housing 511-4 is sleeved outside the main shaft 59, and a radial gap is provided between the housing 511-4 and the middle of the main shaft 59 to form a swimming chamber 511-5, and the bearing seat 511 is sealed and fixed to the end face of the central through hole of the top plate of the centrifugal supergravity experimental chamber, and deep groove ball bearings 511-3 are installed on the upper and lower sides of the swimming chamber, so that the housing 511-4 and the main shaft 59 are rotatably connected through the deep groove ball bearing 511-3, and the housing 511-4 at the upper end of the swimming chamber 511-5 is opened and A bearing cover 511-2 is installed, and the bearing cover 511-2 is set outside the main shaft 59 and axially limits the deep groove ball bearing 511-3; the housing 511-4 is closed at the lower end of the housing 511-4 to form a closed end, and the closed end of the lower end of the housing 511-4 and the main shaft 59 are sealed and connected; the lower end of the housing 511-4 is provided with an outer flange, and the outer flange is provided with a connecting hole 511-6, and the bolt passes through the connecting hole 511-6 and is connected to the top surface of the experimental chamber cover 3-3, so that the lower end of the housing 511-4 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the experimental chamber cover 3-3, so that the magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 is fixed to the centrifugal supergravity device through the connecting hole 511-6. The lower end surface of the housing 511-4 is provided with an annular groove, and an O-ring 511-7 is installed in the annular groove, and the lower end surface of the housing 511-4 and the top surface of the experimental chamber cover 3-3 are sealed and matched through the O-ring 511-7.

[0100] The magnetic fluid sealing structure 511, the main shaft 59 and the small pulley 510 form a fixed-mobile support structure. This fixed-mobile support structure design can compensate for the length change of the main shaft 59 caused by thermal deformation and manufacturing and installation errors.

[0101] The main shaft 59 is an important part of the main shaft complex for transmitting torque. Different types of materials can be selected according to the transmitted torque, but the material must have strong strength and toughness.

[0102] The magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 provides a high level dynamic seal for the main shaft 59, and the magnet and magnetic shoe ring used to produce the magnetic fluid seal are placed in the swimming cavity 511-5. The magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 is connected to the main shaft 59 through the mounting hole 511-1, and the main shaft 59 and the magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 are connected by a pair of angular contact ball bearings 511-3; the angular contact ball bearings 511-3 are arranged back to back, the span between the fulcrums is large, the cantilever length is small, and the cantilever end support stiffness is large.

[0103] like Fig.11 As shown, the sealing flange 513 is located in the experimental cavity 3-1 and is fixed to the bottom surface of the experimental cavity cover 3-3 by bolts, and an annular notch groove is provided on the inner circumference of the top, and an oil seal 513-1 is installed in the annular notch groove, and an elastic retaining ring 513-2 for holes is provided on the upper side of the oil seal 513-1, and the elastic retaining ring 513-2 for holes is embedded in the annular retaining ring groove provided on the inner circumference of the annular notch groove of the sealing flange 513; an annular step is provided on the top surface of the sealing flange 513, and an annular groove is provided on the surface of the annular step, and a sealing ring 513-3 is installed in the annular groove, and the top surface of the sealing flange 513 and the bottom surface of the experimental cavity cover 3-3 are sealed and matched by the sealing ring 513-3;

[0104] The sealing flange 513 provides a static seal between the main shaft complex and the vacuum test chamber of the centrifugal super gravity device. The sealing flange 513 is installed on the main shaft 59, and the sealing ring 513-3 that provides a static seal for the sealing flange 513 is installed in the groove 513-2. The sealing flange 513 is installed on the top of the vacuum test chamber of the centrifugal super gravity device by bolts. The sealing ring 513-3 provides a seal for the sealing flange 513 to isolate the external atmospheric pressure from the internal vacuum chamber, and has good sealing performance, long service life, compact structure, and convenient assembly and disassembly.

[0105] The lower end of the main shaft 59 is coaxially fixedly connected to the connecting flange 515 through the expansion sleeve 516, and the lower end of the connecting flange 515 is connected to the rotor system of the centrifugal supergravity device; when the main shaft 59 rotates at high speed, the connecting flange 515 is fixed and the expansion sleeve 516 rotates with the main shaft 59. The expansion sleeve 516 makes the manufacturing and installation of parts simple. Since the expansion sleeve 516 relies on friction transmission, there is no need to groove the main shaft 59, avoiding the influence of the groove on the strength of the main shaft 59. The expansion sleeve 516 is easy to disassemble and has good interchangeability.

[0106] According to the torque and load transmitted by the main shaft 59, the selection principle of the expansion sleeve 516 is: Transmission torque: M t ≥a×M; Axial force: F t ≥a×F x ; Transmission force: F t ≥a×(F x 2 +(M×d×10 -3 / 2)2 ) 0.5 ; Bear radial force: P t ≥a×F r ×10 3 / d / l, where: a: safety factor; M: torque to be transmitted, KN·m; Fx: axial force to be borne, KN; Ft: radial force to be borne, KN; Mt: rated torque of the expansion sleeve, KN·m; Ft: rated axial force of the expansion sleeve, KN; d, l: inner diameter and inner ring width of the expansion sleeve, mm; Pt: pressure on the joint surface between the expansion sleeve and the shaft, N∕mm 2 .

[0107] The oil seal 513-1 uses SKF's fluororubber oil seal, which is suitable for high temperature resistance and high limit speed working environment, and provides secondary dynamic sealing for the main shaft complex.

[0108] The main function of the rotor system 2 is to provide the centrifugal ultragravity environment required for the experiment.

[0109] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the rotor system 2 includes a cup arm 2-1, a cup 61 and a pin 2-3; the lower end of the main shaft 59 of the top-driven main shaft complex 5 passes through the central through hole of the experimental chamber cover 3-3 and extends into the experimental chamber 3-1, the center of the top surface of the arm 2-1 and the sealing flange 513 at the bottom end of the main shaft 59 are coaxially fixed, and the two ends of the arm 2-1 are symmetrically hinged with cups 61, and the cups 61 are hinged to the ends of the arm 2-1 through the pin 2-3; the center of the bottom surface of the arm 2-1 can be rotatably supported on the top of the central support shaft 1-6, and the bottom end of the support shaft 1-6 is vertically fixed to the bottom center of the experimental chamber 3-1. During the engineering test of the device, the arm 2-1 is the main load-bearing member and is made of a material with high thermal strength. The pin 2-3 connects the arm 2-1 and the cup 61, which is the main force point and is made of high-strength material. The hanging cup 61 is used to place high-temperature heating and performance testing devices, and its size can be adjusted according to the weight of the onboard device.

[0110] The support shaft 1-6 is used to support the upper-driven spindle complex 5 to prevent the lower part of the upper-driven spindle complex 5 from shaking during high-speed rotation.

[0111] The hanging pin 2-3 between the hanging cup arm 2-1 and the hanging cup 61 is sheathed with a shaft elastic retaining ring 2-4, which is mainly used to fix the axial movement of the hanging cup 61 and provide safety for the hanging cup 61 during high-speed rotation.

[0112] According to the above-mentioned top-driven spindle complex structure of the present invention, in the torque output structure, by connecting the flange 515 and the expansion sleeve 516 design, the friction transmission characteristics of the expansion sleeve 516 are utilized, and there is no need to groove the surface of the spindle 59, thereby avoiding the influence of the grooves on the strength of the spindle 59. At the same time, when the spindle 59 is overloaded, the expansion sleeve 516 expands inwardly and contracts outwardly through the inner and outer sleeves, thereby reducing the friction generated by the containing surface of the spindle 59 and the expansion sleeve 516. With the help of the different speed rotation of the spindle 59 and the expansion sleeve 516, overload protection of the spindle 59 is achieved; according to the load and speed, the transmission ratio of the small pulley 510 is flexibly adjusted to meet different speed working conditions, and it has strong adaptability and expansibility. The small pulley 510 and the power system of the centrifugal supergravity device transmit torque through a flat belt. The flat belt is elastic and can alleviate impact and vibration loads, running smoothly and without noise. When overloaded, the belt will slip on the wheel to prevent damage to other parts. The magnetic fluid sealing structure 511 is adopted to prevent the lubricating oil from volatilizing in a high vacuum environment, so that the present invention is suitable for special working conditions such as long-term, high vacuum and super-speed. The torque input structure is placed on the top and the torque output structure is placed on the bottom. Under the same torque condition, the load of the main shaft 59 can be increased, and the load can be automatically leveled under its own gravity. At high speed, if the load is unstable or an accident occurs, the load will automatically fall off from the main shaft 59 through the expansion sleeve 516 under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, thereby solving the problem of speed greater than 50,000 rpm, load exceeding 500kg, 10 -2 The key problem that the 17a down-drive spindle complex cannot achieve automatic leveling and the load actively separates from the spindle 59 under the Pa environment. The structure is simple, easy to install and replace, and high-speed operation is safe and reliable.

[0113] In the specific implementation, the upper-drive spindle complex 5 is placed in the experimental chamber of the centrifugal supergravity device, with the lower end connected to the rotor system 2 and the upper end connected to the centrifugal main machine 1. The driving force of the centrifugal main machine 1 is reliably and effectively transmitted to the rotor system 2 through the spindle 59 of the upper-drive spindle complex 5, thereby driving the rotor system 2 to rotate at high speed for the centrifugal supergravity test. Overload protection can be achieved through the upper-drive spindle complex 5; the layout of the mechanical transmission mechanism of the upper-drive spindle complex and the type of bearings can be flexibly changed according to the torque and load size; during the high-speed rotation process, the structural design of adding or replacing lubricating oil at any time through the sealing lubrication mechanism reflects the advantages of the device in the special working conditions of long-term, high vacuum and overspeed operation.

[0114] The driving force of the centrifugal main unit 1 is transmitted to the small pulley 510, and when the main shaft 59 of the upper-driven main shaft complex 5 is driven to rotate through the expansion sleeve 516, the main shaft 59 rotates in the shell 511-4 through the fixed-floating support structure, and the lower end of the main shaft 59 drives the arm 2-1 of the rotor system to rotate through the connecting flange 515, and then drives the hanging cups 61 at both ends of the hanging arm 2-1 to rotate around the main shaft 59, and then drives the hanging arm 2-1, the hanging pin 2-3, and the hanging cup 61 to rotate at high speed together.

[0115] Each hanging cup 61 is equipped with a material performance testing system, such as Fig.18 As shown, the material performance testing system specifically implemented includes a hanging cup 61, a heating device 62, a heat preservation device 63 and a load-bearing device 64; the hanging cup 61 is a cup-shaped structure with an open upper end, the heat preservation device 64 is installed in the hanging cup 61, the heat preservation device 64 is installed in the heating device 62, and the heating device 62 is installed in the heat preservation device 63. Fig.19 As shown, two sides of the top of the hanging cup 61 are provided with hanging ears 61 - 1 , and the hanging cup 61 is hingedly suspended on the end of the rotating arm of the ultragravity centrifuge through the hanging ears 61 - 1 on both sides.

[0116] In specific implementation, a heating device 62, a heat preservation device 63 and a heat preservation device 64 are installed in the hanging cup 61, which is integrally forged and processed using materials such as titanium alloy and high-strength steel. The inner surface is electro-polished. At the same time, it can withstand the centrifugal stress generated by high-speed rotation and has very high high-temperature strength and rigidity.

[0117] In order to maintain dynamic balance during the experiment, if only one type of mechanical property test experiment is performed at a time, two hanging cups 61 need to be used to perform the experiment at the same time (such as Figure 6 ); If multiple types of mechanical properties test experiments are performed at one time, a circular symmetrical structure is required, and the number of hanging cups 61 is an even number. The specific number of hanging cups depends on the effective load and space volume of the testing machine system (such as Fig.13 The maximum speed that the cup 61 can withstand is 100,000 rpm, or a centrifugal acceleration of 10 5 g(g=9.8m / s 2 ).

[0118] The function of the heat preservation device 63 is to maintain the high temperature environment of the heating device 62 to prevent heat loss.

[0119] like Fig. 20 As shown, the thermal insulation device 63 includes a protective shell 63-1, an upper aerogel layer 63-2, an upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3, an upper insulating ring 63-4, an upper fixed ring insulation layer 63-5, a middle aerogel layer 63-6, a middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7, a lower insulating ring 63-8, a lower fixed ring insulation layer 63-9, a lower aerogel layer 63-10, a lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11, an insulation support seat 63-12, a thermal insulation cover 63-13, a furnace top aerogel layer 63-14, an upper incoming line installation ring 63-15, an upper outgoing line installation hole 63-16, a lower incoming line installation ring 63-17, a lower outgoing line installation hole 63-18, an upper annular spacer 63-19 and a lower annular spacer 63-20.

[0120] The protective shell 63-1 is fixedly placed at the bottom of the hanging cup 61, and is used to install the heating device 62, the heat-insulating device 63 and the load-bearing device 64. The inner wall of the protective shell 63-1 is arranged with an annular aerogel layer along the circumference. The aerogel layer is divided into a lower aerogel layer 63-10, a middle aerogel layer 63-6 and an upper aerogel layer 63-2 from bottom to top. A lower annular spacer 63-20 is arranged between the lower aerogel layer 63-10 and the middle aerogel layer 63-6. A lower fixing ring 62-9 of the lower heating structure is arranged at the lower annular spacer 63-20; the middle aerogel layer 63-6 is provided with a lower heating structure. An upper annular spacer 63-19 is provided between 3-6 and the upper aerogel layer 63-2, and an upper fixing ring 62-8 of the upper heating structure is arranged at the upper annular spacer 63-19; an insulating support seat 63-12 is fixed in the center of the protective shell 63-1 in the horizontal space where the lower aerogel layer 63-10 is located, and a lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11 is filled between the insulating support seat 63-12 and the lower aerogel layer 63-10; the top surfaces of the insulating support seat 63-12, the lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11 and the lower aerogel layer 63-10 are flush and located on the same horizontal plane.

[0121] The inner circumferential walls of the upper aerogel layer 63-2 and the middle aerogel layer 63-6 above the lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11 are arranged with an annular ceramic fiber layer along the circumference, and the ceramic fiber layer is divided into a middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 and an upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 from bottom to top, and the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 and the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 are respectively located close to the inner circumferential walls of the middle aerogel layer 63-6 and the upper aerogel layer 63-2; a lower fixed ring insulation layer 63-9 is provided between the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 and the lower ceramic fiber layer 63-13, and an upper fixed ring insulation layer 63-5 is provided between the upper aerogel layer 63-2 and the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7.

[0122] A lower incoming line installation ring 63-17 and a lower outgoing line installation ring 63-23 are embedded between the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 and the lower fixed ring insulation layer 63-9. The lower incoming line installation ring 63-17 is provided with a lower incoming power connection ring 62-6, and the lower outgoing line installation ring 63-23 is provided with a lower outgoing power connection ring 62-7. The lower incoming line installation ring 63-17 and the lower outgoing line installation ring 63-23 are isolated by a lower insulating ring 63-8, so that the lower incoming power connection ring 62-6 and the lower outgoing power connection ring 62-7 are insulated by the lower insulating ring 63-8. An upper incoming line installation ring 63-15 and an upper outgoing line installation ring 63-16 are embedded between the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 and the upper fixed ring insulation layer 63-5, and are arranged up and down respectively. The upper incoming line installation ring 63-15 is arranged with an upper incoming power connection ring 62-4, and the upper outgoing line installation ring 63-16 is arranged with an upper outgoing power connection ring 62-5. The upper incoming line installation ring 63-15 and the upper outgoing line installation ring 63-16 are isolated from each other by an upper insulating ring 63-4, so that the upper incoming power connection ring 62-4 and the upper outgoing power connection ring 62-5 are insulated from each other by the upper insulating ring 63-4.

[0123] The upper end of the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 forms a stepped opening with a larger upper end and a smaller lower end, and a heat preservation cover 63-13 is installed at the stepped opening, and a furnace top aerogel layer 63-14 is installed at the upper end of the protective shell 63-1. The heat preservation cover 63-13 and the top surface of the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 are flush and located in the same horizontal plane, and the bottom surface of the furnace top aerogel layer 63-14 is closely attached to the heat preservation cover 63-13 and the top surface of the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3, and the top surface of the furnace top aerogel layer 63-14 is flush with the end of the protective shell 63-1; the inner periphery of the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 above the lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11 forms a heating inner cavity, and a heating cavity 62-1 is installed in the heating inner cavity;

[0124] The upper fixing ring 62-8, the lower fixing ring 62-9 and the heating cavity 62-1 are all made of alumina ceramics. The upper fixing ring 62-8 and the heating cavity 62-1 are insulated by an upper fixing ring insulation layer 63-5 made of ceramic fiber, and the lower fixing ring 62-9 and the heating cavity 62-1 are separated and insulated by a lower fixing ring insulation layer 63-9 made of ceramic fiber, and the ceramic is prevented from breaking under supergravity. The upper aerogel layer 63-2, the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3, the upper fixing ring insulation layer 63-5, the insulation cover 63-13 and the furnace top aerogel layer 63-14 form an upper insulation layer for the heating device 62. The upper aerogel layer 63-2 is directly in contact with the inner wall of the protective shell 63-1, and the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 is installed between the insulation cover 63-13 and the upper aerogel layer 63-2.

[0125] The middle aerogel layer 63-6 and the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 form a middle insulation layer for the heating device 62. The middle aerogel layer 63-6 is installed on the inner wall of the protective shell 63-1, and the middle ceramic fiber layer 63-7 is installed between the middle aerogel layer 63-6 and the heating cavity 62-1. The lower aerogel layer 63-10, the lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11 and the insulation support seat 63-12 form a lower insulation layer for the heating device 62. The lower aerogel layer 63-10 is installed on the inner wall of the protective shell 63-1, and the lower ceramic fiber layer 63-11 is installed between the lower aerogel layer 63-10 and the insulation support seat 63-12.

[0126] The furnace roof aerogel layer 63-14 is installed on the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 and the insulation cover 63-13 to prevent heat from dissipating outward. Since the ceramic fiber layer has a certain toughness, it can absorb part of the energy under supergravity to prevent the ceramic insulation cover 63-13 from being damaged by external forces during the experiment. Since the ceramic fiber has good thermal insulation performance and elasticity, the upper ceramic fiber layer 63-3 and the upper fixed ring insulation layer 63-5 are directly installed on the outer wall of the heating cavity 62-1 to play a role in thermal insulation and protection.

[0127] The heat-insulating support seat 63-12 supports the entire heating device 62. During the test, the heat-insulating support seat 63-12 is the most important load-bearing component and should be carefully checked before each test or should be replaced frequently.

[0128] The protective shell 63 - 1 is made of high-strength alloy steel, such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy, etc., which has a very high melting point and strength.

[0129] like Fig.21 and Fig. 22 As shown, the top and bottom outer walls of the protective shell 63-1 are provided with a plurality of guardrails 63-1-1, and the plurality of guardrails 63-1-1 are evenly spaced along the circumference for placing the protective shell 63-1 in and taking out the hanging cup 61; when installing the protective shell 63-1 into the hanging cup 61, a power device with six push rods is used to support the six guardrails 63-1-1, and the protective shell 63-1 is pushed to its bottom to contact with the bottom of the hanging cup 61; after the experiment, when taking out the protective shell 63-1 from the hanging cup 61, a power device with six pull rods is used to grasp the six guardrails 63-1-1 and take the protective shell 63-1 out of the hanging cup 61.

[0130] like Fig. 22As shown, the upper part of the protective shell 63-1 is provided with heat dissipation holes 63-1-2. When the heat preservation device 64 is abnormal, causing the shell temperature of the protective shell 63-1 to rise sharply, the heat is dissipated through the heat dissipation holes 63-1-2 to reduce the shell temperature of the protective shell 63-1. Otherwise, the high temperature will reduce the strength of the protective shell 63-1, threatening the safety of the experiment. At the same time, the heat dissipation holes 63-1-2 can also reduce the weight of the protective shell 63-1.

[0131] The main function of the heating device 62 is to apply heat load to the test sample in the centrifugal ultra-gravity environment.

[0132] like Fig.23 As shown, the heating device 62 includes a heating cavity 62-1, an upper heating element 62-2, a lower heating element 62-3, an upper power inlet connection ring 62-4, an upper power outlet connection ring 62-5, a lower power inlet connection ring 62-6, a lower power outlet connection ring 62-7, an upper fixing ring 62-8, a lower fixing ring 62-9 and a ceramic cover 62-10; a heating element is installed inside the heating cavity 62-1 and a ceramic cover 62-13 is installed on the top; a cylindrical cavity is provided in the center of the heating cavity 62-1, and a load-bearing device 64 and a sample 64-3 are installed in the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity 62-1;

[0133] like Fig.24 and Fig.25 As shown, four upper heating element installation grooves 62-1-1 evenly spaced along the circumferential direction are provided inside the upper side wall of the heating cavity 62-1 around the cylindrical cavity, each upper heating element installation groove 62-1-1 is arranged in an arc shape, and each upper heating element installation groove 62-1-1 is installed with an upper heating element 62-2, which is fixed in the upper heating element installation groove 62-1-1 and prevented from moving under super gravity; an upper radiation hole 62-1-3 is provided on the side wall of the heating cavity 62-1 between the cylindrical cavity and the upper heating element installation groove 62-1-1, and the heat generated by the upper heating element 62-2 is heated to the cylindrical cavity of the upper half of the entire heating cavity 62-1 by heat radiation through the upper radiation hole 62-1-3;

[0134] The heating cavity 62-1 is provided with a heating element, and a cylindrical cavity is provided at the center of the heating cavity 62-1. Four lower heating element installation grooves 62-1-2 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction in the side wall of the lower half of the heating cavity 62-1 around the cylindrical cavity. Each lower heating element installation groove 62-1-2 is arranged in an arc shape. Each lower heating element installation groove 62-1-2 is provided with a lower heating element 62-3. The lower heating element 62-3 is fixed in the lower heating element installation groove 62-1-2 and prevented from moving under super gravity. A lower radiation hole 62-1-4 is provided in the side wall of the heating cavity 62-1 between the cylindrical cavity and the lower heating element installation groove 62-1-2. The heat generated by the lower heating element 62-3 is heated to the cylindrical cavity of the lower half of the entire heating cavity 62-1 through the lower radiation hole 62-1-4 by thermal radiation.

[0135] A uniform temperature field is created inside the heating cavity 62-1 by heating structures of the upper and lower parts of the heating cavity 62-1. Specific implementation The types of the upper heating element 62-2 and the lower heating element 62-3 are determined according to factors such as the maximum operating temperature, vacuum environment, and supergravity environment.

[0136] The material types of the upper heating element 62-2 and the lower heating element 62-3 are set so that the heating rates and temperatures of the upper and lower sections of the heating cavity 62-1 are different, and the heating device 62 uses the upper and lower halves of the heating cavity 62-1 for separate heating, forming a more uniform temperature field in the heating cavity 62-1 through multi-point temperature control.

[0137] An upper power inlet wiring ring 62-4, an upper power outlet connecting ring 62-5 and an upper fixing ring 62-8 are arranged around the top of the heating cavity 62-1. The upper heating element 62-2 is electrically connected to the upper power inlet wiring ring 62-4 and the upper power outlet connecting ring 62-5 through an insulated wire arranged inside or directly welded in parallel. The upper power inlet wiring ring 62-4 and the upper power outlet connecting ring 62-5 are then connected to the ground power supply system through an insulated wire arranged inside. Thus, the upper power inlet wiring ring 62-4 and the upper power outlet connecting ring 62-5 are connected to the ground power supply system to form a closed loop to supply power to the upper heating element 62-2, and the ground power supply system is connected to the temperature control system; an upper fixing ring 62-8 is also arranged around the upper power inlet wiring ring 62-4 and the upper power outlet connecting ring 62-5, and the upper fixing ring 62-8 is arranged in the structure of the heat preservation device 64; A lower section power inlet wiring ring 62-6, a lower section power outlet connecting ring 62-7 and a lower section fixing ring 62-9 are arranged around the bottom end of the heating cavity 62-1. The lower section heating element 62-3 is electrically connected to the lower section power inlet wiring ring 62-6 and the lower section power outlet connecting ring 62-7 through an insulated wire arranged inside or directly welded in parallel. The lower section power inlet wiring ring 62-6 and the lower section power outlet connecting ring 62-7 are then connected to the ground power supply system through an insulated wire arranged inside. Thus, the lower section power inlet wiring ring 62-6 and the lower section power outlet connecting ring 62-7 are connected to the ground power supply system to form a closed loop to supply power to the lower section heating element 62-3. The ground power supply system is connected to the temperature control system. A lower section fixing ring 62-9 is also arranged around the outer periphery of the lower section power inlet wiring ring 62-6 and the lower section power outlet connecting ring 62-7. The lower section fixing ring 62-9 is arranged in the structure of the heat preservation device 64.

[0138] The connecting wires, heating elements and ground power supply are connected in parallel to prevent damage to individual heating elements from causing the entire circuit to break and affect the experiment. The upper and lower inlet and outlet wiring rings are made of metal materials such as GH49, which have strength, oxidation resistance and conductivity.

[0139] By setting the surrounding structure inside the heating cavity 62-1, on the one hand, the outer wall of the heating cavity 62-1 is used to prevent heat from being lost to the outside of the furnace. On the other hand, the upper radiation hole 62-1-3 and the lower radiation hole 62-1-4 are connected to maximize the heat generated by the upper heating element 62-2 and the lower heating element 62-3 through thermal convection generated by supergravity, forming a stable constant temperature zone inside the heating cavity 62-1, thereby forming a complete upper heating process.

[0140] Under the thermal convection of ultra-gravity, the low-temperature airflow around the insulation device 63 in the inner circle of the heating tube flows to the bottom of the heating device 62, and the high-temperature airflow around the insulation device 63 in the inner circle of the heating tube flows to the top of the heating device 62; then the airflow behind the bottom of the heating device 62 flows to the top of the heating device 62 through the upper radiation holes 62-1-3 and the lower radiation holes 62-1-4, and then forms a low-temperature airflow after contact cooling through the ceramic cover 62-10, and then passes through the upper radiation holes 62-1-3 and the lower radiation holes 62-1-4 to the inner circle of the heating tube and flows to the bottom of the heating device 62, forming a thermal convection cycle.

[0141] like Fig.26 and Fig. 27 As shown, the ceramic cover 62-10 covers the top of the heating cavity 62-1 to prevent the heat from being lost; a boss 62-10-2 is fixedly arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the ceramic cover 62-10, and the boss 62-10-2 is located in the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity 62-1, which is used to keep warm and form a step to prevent the ceramic cover 62-10 from sinking under hypergravity, and to prevent the heating cavity from shaking left and right under hypergravity; the ceramic cover 62-10 on both sides of the boss 62-10-2 is provided with vertical thermocouple holes 62-10-1, and thermocouples are inserted in the thermocouple holes 62-10-1, and the temperature is controlled by the thermocouples to prevent the thermocouples from being damaged in the hypergravity environment. The upper fixing ring 62-8 and the lower fixing ring 62-9 are installed at the upper and lower parts of the heating cavity 62-1 to increase the rigidity of the heating cavity 62-1 and prevent it from shaking and deforming under hypergravity. The fixing ring and ceramic cover 62-10 material are made of alumina with good high temperature compression performance.

[0142] The heating cavity 62-1 is made of high-performance ceramic materials, such as hollow spherical alumina ceramics, to ensure safety under ultra-gravity.

[0143] The main function of the load-bearing device 64 is to apply centrifugal stress to the sample during high-speed rotation.

[0144] like Fig.28 As shown, the load-bearing device 64 includes a load-bearing frame 64-1, a high-temperature pull rod 64-2 and a buffer body 64-4; the load-bearing frame 64-1 is installed at the top end of the hanging cup 61, and the whole is an upward convex arc structure, as shown in FIG. Fig.29As shown, the end surface of the load-bearing frame 64-1 is provided with hollow grooves at intervals along the circumference to reduce the weight and strengthen the dynamic load-bearing; the inner edge of the bottom surface of the load-bearing frame 64-1 is provided with a convex edge 64-1-3, which is embedded and matched with the inner wall of the top end of the hanging cup 61, so that the outer peripheral surface of the convex edge 64-1-3 is in contact with the inner wall of the hanging cup 61, so as to ensure that the load-bearing frame 64-1 does not move radially during the experiment, and transmit the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation to the hanging cup 61, so as to reduce the stress of the load-bearing frame 64-1 The upper end of the high-temperature tie rod 64-2 is fixedly connected to the center hole of the load-bearing frame 64-1 by bolts, and the lower end of the high-temperature tie rod 64-2 passes downward through the insulation cover 63-13 of the insulation device 63 and the furnace top aerogel layer 63-14 and then extends into the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity 62-1 of the heating device 62. The lower end of the high-temperature tie rod 64-2 is connected to the upper end of the sample 64-3. The high-temperature tie rod 64-2 and the sample 64-3 are coaxial and located at the central axis position of the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity 62-1;

[0145] like Fig.33 As shown, the buffer body 64-4 is located directly below the sample 64-3 and fixed on the insulation support seat 63-12 of the insulation device 63, the buffer body 64-4 includes a cylinder shell, a first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 and a second layer of buffer baffle 64-4-2, the bottom end of the cylinder shell is fixed to the top surface of the insulation support seat 63-12, the inner circumference of the upper half of the cylinder shell is processed into a threaded hole 64-4-3, the first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 and the second layer of buffer baffle 64-4-2 are threadedly fitted in the threaded hole 64-4-3, the first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 is located above the second layer of buffer baffle 64-4-2 and are arranged at a distance from each other, and weight reduction holes 64-4-4 are opened on the side walls of the lower half of the cylinder shell to reduce the weight of the buffer body 64-4.

[0146] The load-bearing frame 64-1 is mainly used to install the high-temperature tie rod 64-2, which is made of lightweight high-strength titanium alloy to reduce weight. The load-bearing frame 64-1 is designed as an integral arc structure to increase strength. The surface is aging nitrided to enhance its hardness and strength. It can withstand high temperature and super gravity and prevent deformation under stress. The high-temperature tie rod 64-2 is the most important force-bearing mechanism and is made of single crystal high-temperature alloy, such as DD5.

[0147] like Fig.30 As shown, the lower end surface of the high temperature pull rod 64-2 is provided with a sample slot 64-2-1. Fig.31As shown, the sample 64-3 is divided from top to bottom into a clamp 64-3-1, a working section 64-3-2 and a surface force loading block 64-3-3. The clamp 64-3-1, the working section 64-3-2 and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 are coaxially integrated. The clamp 64-3-1 is processed into a shape and size that matches the sample slot 64-2-1 and can be embedded in the sample slot 64-2-1. The surface force loading block 64-3-3 is located above the buffer body 64-4. When the sample 64-3 rotates at high speed under high temperature, the centrifugal stress generated by the sample 64-3 itself and the surface force generated by the surface force loading block 64-3-3 act together on the working section 64-3-2. During the experiment, the surface force applied to the working section 64-3-2 can be changed by changing the weight of the surface force loading block 64-3-3, and the centrifugal stress applied to the working section 64-3-2 can be changed by changing the rotation speed.

[0148] The sample 64-3 is installed on the high temperature rod 64-2 by matching the sample slot 64-2-1 and the clamp head 64-3-1, and the sample 64-3 is located at the center of the uniform temperature zone of the heating device 62. The material, size and length of the high temperature rod 64-2 are selected according to the size, weight, stress level and temperature of the sample, but the length of the high temperature rod 64-2 must ensure that the sample 64-3 is located at the center of the uniform temperature zone of the heating device.

[0149] like Fig.31 and Fig.32 As shown, the sample slot 64-2-1 is processed into slots of different shapes according to the shape of the sample, such as a dovetail slot shape and a half I-shaped shape, etc. Before the experiment, the structure of the clamp head 64-3-1 needs to be processed according to the structure of the sample slot 64-2-1.

[0150] like Fig.33 As shown, the working section 64-3-2 is processed into a standard cylindrical shape, plate shape, etc., which can enable the working section 64-3-2 to obtain a uniform centrifugal force gradient; the working section 64-3-2 is processed into an irregular cylindrical shape, plate shape, etc., which can enable the working section 64-3-2 to obtain an uneven centrifugal force gradient.

[0151] Before the experiment, first, according to the experimental temperature, rotation speed, pre-applied centrifugal force and surface force, calculate the maximum stress F that the chuck 64-3-2 bears, F=m×r×ω 2 , where m is the weight of sample 64-3, r is the distance between the mass center of mass of sample 64-3 and the rotation axis, and ω is the rotation speed;

[0152] Then, after calculating the F value, the maximum stress F of the clamp 64-3-2 is calculated according to the safety factor n. eff , F eff = F×n, n cannot be less than 2;

[0153] Then, according to F eff Determine the structure and size of the clamp 64-3-2, and then adjust the pre-stress level applied to the working section 64-3-2 (not higher than (0.5-0.8) × F eff ) Determine the weight and size of the surface force loading block 64-3-3, and then process it into sample 64-3 in one go.

[0154] During the experiment, if the working section 64-3-2 of the buffer body 64-4 breaks, the broken specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 will first hit the first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 under the action of centrifugal force; if the first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 breaks, the broken specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 will continue to hit the second layer of buffer baffle 64-4-2 until the specimen stops completely; and a sufficient distance is reserved between the first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 and the second layer of buffer baffle 64-4-2 so that the first layer of buffer baffle 64-4-1 has sufficient deformation distance; in this way, the impact force of the broken specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 on the buffer baffle can be released to the maximum extent, and the impact speed of the broken specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 can be slowed down to the maximum extent.

[0155] In the experiment, the formula for calculating the impact force F between the fractured specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 is as follows:

[0156] F=m×r×ω / t

[0157] Among them, m is the total weight of the fracture specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3, r is the distance between the center of gravity of the fracture specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 and the rotation axis, ω is the rotation speed, and t is the time when the fracture specimen and the surface force loading block 64-3-3 hit the buffer baffle. According to the magnitude of the impact force F, the material, thickness, and spacing of the first layer buffer baffle 64-4-1 and the second layer buffer baffle 64-4-2 are determined respectively.

[0158] The first layer buffer baffle 64 - 4 - 1 and the second layer buffer baffle 64 - 4 - 2 are consumables and can be easily replaced before each experiment.

[0159] It also includes an independent stress-strain testing system, which uses resistance strain gauges welded on different parts of the working section 64-3-2 of the sample 64-3. The leads are led out along the high-temperature pull rod 64-2 to the outside of the hanging cup 61 and connected to the ground monitoring system. The dynamic stress-strain curve of the working section 64-3-2 of the sample 64-3 is obtained through the resistance strain gauge test.

[0160] like Fig.14 As shown, the specific process of using the system of the present invention to test the performance of the sample is:

[0161] Step 1: Open the vacuum interface 3-9 to break the vacuum in the experimental chamber 3.

[0162] Step 2: Open the vertical toggle clamp 3-4 on the cavity cover 3-3.

[0163] Step 3: Start the lifting system 4 to lift the chamber cover 3-3 and the rotor system 2.

[0164] Step 4: Open the hanging pin 2-3 and take out the hanging cup 61. For dynamic balancing, remove the left and right hanging cups at the same time.

[0165] Step 5: Determine the material type of the upper heating element 62-2 and the lower heating element 62-3 according to the experimental temperature.

[0166] If the experimental temperature is constant, the upper heating element 62 - 2 and the lower heating element 62 - 3 are made of the same material type, and a uniform temperature zone is formed in the cavity 3 - 1 of the experimental cavity 3 through the ground control system.

[0167] If there is a certain temperature gradient in the cavity 3 - 1 of the experimental cavity 3 , the material types of the upper heating element 62 - 2 and the lower heating element 62 - 3 can be made different or the same, and a temperature gradient can be formed in the cavity 3 - 1 of the experimental cavity 3 through the ground control system.

[0168] Step 6: According to the weight and experimental stress (including centrifugal stress and surface force) of the sample 5-4-3, determine the shape and size of the sample slot 64-2-1, and determine the shape of the clamping head 64-3-1 according to the shape of the sample slot 64-2-1.

[0169] If a uniform stress gradient is applied to the sample, the working section 64-3-2 is in a cylindrical, plate-like shape or the like.

[0170] If an uneven stress gradient is applied to the sample, the working section 64-3-2 is in the shape of a cylinder or plate with a certain taper.

[0171] The rotation speed is determined according to the pre-applied centrifugal stress and the length of the high-temperature tie rod 64 - 2 .

[0172] The weight and shape of the surface force loading block 64 - 3 - 3 are determined according to the pre-applied surface force and in combination with the length and rotation speed of the high-temperature pull rod 64 - 2 .

[0173] After determining the above parameters, the sample is processed.

[0174] Step 7: After determining the rotation speed and weight of the sample 5-4-3, assume that the sample breaks, calculate the maximum impact force, and determine the material type, thickness, and spacing of the first and second buffer baffles 64-4-1 and 64-4-2.

[0175] Step 8: Determine the type of heating element according to the experimental temperature and assemble the heating device 62.

[0176] Step 9: Assemble the load-bearing system 5-4 according to the determined stress level and specimen shape.

[0177] Step 10: Install the first layer buffer baffle 64-4-1 and the second layer buffer baffle 64-4-2 on the buffer body 64-4.

[0178] Step 11: Install the buffer body 64-4, the heating device 62 and the load-bearing system 5-4 in the protective shell 63-1 in sequence.

[0179] Step 12: Install the protective shell 63 - 1 into the hanging cup 61 .

[0180] Step 13: Install the hanging cup 61 on the hanging arm 2 - 1 of the rotor system 2 .

[0181] Step 14: Connect the strong and weak signal lines required by the performance test system 5 to the ground control system and power supply system through the slip ring 1-2-1, and test the connection results to confirm that the connection is correct.

[0182] Step 15: Start the lifting system 4, put the raised chamber cover 3-3 and the rotor system 2 back into the experimental chamber 3, and then lock the vertical toggle clamp 3-4 on the chamber cover 3-3.

[0183] Step 16: Start the centrifugal main machine 1, rotate the rotor system 2 at a low speed, and perform a dynamic balance test on the hanging cup 61. Use the speed sensor 1-4 to monitor the speed of the main shaft 59, and the displacement sensor 1-5 to monitor the vibration of the main shaft 59. If the vibration of the hanging cup 61 exceeds the technical index requirements, immediately turn off the centrifugal main machine 1, and adjust the load of the hanging cup 61 until the dynamic balance test meets the technical specification requirements.

[0184] Step 17: Start the vacuum system and evacuate the experimental chamber 3 through the vacuum interface 3-9 until the vacuum degree in the experimental chamber 3 reaches the experimental requirements, then start the heating device 62 of the performance test system.

[0185] Step 18: When the temperature of the heating chamber 62-1 reaches a predetermined temperature, the speed sensor 1-4 is used to monitor the speed of the main shaft 59, and the displacement sensor 1-5 is used to monitor the vibration of the main shaft 59. During the operation of the centrifugal main machine 1, the heating device 62-1 is operated at the same time.

[0186] Step 19: When the centrifuge main engine speed reaches the experimental setting speed.

[0187] During the experiment, the temperature signal is transmitted to the signal collector in real time. The signal collector is connected to the ground measurement and control center through a slip ring to obtain the temperature-time curve during the experiment.

[0188] Step 20: When the experiment is finished, turn off the heating device 62 and the centrifuge main unit 1 in sequence.

[0189] Step 21: When the temperature drops below 400°C and the centrifuge main unit 1 is completely stopped, open the vacuum interface 3-9 to break the vacuum in the experimental chamber 3.

[0190] Step 22: When the vacuum degree in the experimental chamber 3 reaches 1 atmosphere, open the vertical toggle clamp 3-4 on the chamber cover 3-3, start the lifting system 4, and lift the chamber cover 3-3 and the rotor system 2.

[0191] Step 23: Open the hanging pin 2-3, take out the hanging cup 61, take out the protective shell 63-1 from the hanging cup 61, and finally take out the sample from the load-bearing system 5-4.

[0192] Step 24: After the hanging cup 61 is cleaned, the empty hanging cup 61 is installed back into the rotor system 2.

[0193] Step 25: Start the lifting system 4, put the raised chamber cover 3-3 and the rotor system 2 back into the experimental chamber 3, and then lock the vertical toggle clamp 3-4 on the chamber cover 3-3.

[0194] Step 26: Start the vacuum system and evacuate the experimental chamber 3 through the vacuum interface 3-9 until the vacuum degree in the experimental chamber 3 reaches 1Pa, then close the vacuum system.

[0195] The material performance tests specifically implemented in the present invention are divided into the following situations:

[0196] Specific implementation 1: Material durability and creep performance test under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal high gravity

[0197] The material performance test system under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment is installed in the hanging cup 61. The test contents and center of mass of the two hanging cups 61 are exactly the same to ensure dynamic balance. Figure 6 As shown, start the heating system to provide a thermal environment and apply a temperature field to the sample; start the centrifuge to apply body force to the sample through the centrifugal acceleration generated by the sample's own gravity; the surface force loading block at the end of the sample generates a certain tensile stress on the sample under the action of centrifugal supergravity, and applies surface force to the sample through this tensile stress. In this way, a body force-surface force-temperature coupling loading condition is applied to the sample in a high-speed environment. Fig.15 The load spectrum shown realizes the material durability and creep performance test under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal hypergravity.

[0198] Specific implementation 2: Material fatigue performance test under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal hypergravity

[0199] The material performance test system under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment is installed in the hanging cup 61. The test contents and center of mass of the two hanging cups 61 are exactly the same to ensure dynamic balance. Figure 6 As shown, the heating system is started to provide a thermal environment and apply a temperature field to the sample; the centrifuge is started to apply body force to the sample through the centrifugal acceleration generated by the sample's own gravity; the surface force loading block at the end of the sample generates a certain tensile stress on the sample under the action of centrifugal supergravity, and the surface force is applied to the sample through this tensile stress, thus applying body force-surface force-temperature coupling loading conditions to the sample under a high-speed environment. During the experiment, the main engine speed is periodically changed, thereby changing the body force and surface force applied to the sample, forming a Fig.16 The load spectrum of the fatigue test shown realizes the material fatigue performance test under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal hypergravity.

[0200] Specific implementation three: Thermal mechanical fatigue performance test of materials under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal hypergravity

[0201] The material performance test system under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment is installed in the hanging cup 61. The test contents and center of mass of the two hanging cups 61 are exactly the same to ensure dynamic balance. Figure 6 As shown, the heating system is started to provide a thermal environment and apply a temperature field to the sample; the centrifuge is started to apply body force to the sample through the centrifugal acceleration generated by the sample's own gravity; the surface force loading block at the end of the sample generates a certain tensile stress on the sample under the action of centrifugal supergravity, and the surface force is applied to the sample through this tensile stress. In this way, the sample is subjected to body force-surface force-temperature coupling loading conditions under a high-speed environment. During the experiment, the heating temperature is periodically changed to form a Fig.17 The thermomechanical fatigue test load spectrum shown realizes the thermomechanical fatigue performance test of materials under the coupling of body force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal hypergravity.

[0202] Specific implementation 4: High-throughput experiment of material mechanical properties testing under the coupling of volume force, surface force and temperature under centrifugal high gravity

[0203] The rotor system is designed as Fig.13, equipped with a material performance testing system under centrifugal force-high temperature coupling environment. Each experimental centrifuge host is equipped with three pairs of identical hanging cups 61 to ensure dynamic balance. When conducting experiments, three different performance test experiments are placed in the hanging cups A1-A2, B1-B2, and C1-C2 to ensure that the experimental content and center of mass of A1-A2 are exactly the same; the experimental content and center of mass of B1-B2 are exactly the same; the experimental content and center of mass of C1-C2 are exactly the same. Start three independent heating systems to apply three different experimental temperatures to the three groups of samples A1-A2, B1-B2, and C1-C2; change the weight of the surface force loading block at the end of the experiment in A1-A2, B1-B2, and C1-C2, and apply three different surface forces to the three groups of samples A1-A2, B1-B2, and C1-C2, so as to realize a centrifugal supergravity experiment and carry out performance tests under different experimental conditions at the same time, thereby realizing a high-throughput experiment of material mechanical performance testing under the coupling of volume force-surface force-temperature under centrifugal supergravity. During the experiment, A1-A2, B1-B2, and C1-C2 can be made of the same material or different materials.

Claims

1. A cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment, characterized by: The centrifugal device comprises a main unit (1), a rotor system (2), an experimental chamber (3), a lifting system (4), and an upper-driven spindle complex (5); the rotor system (2) and the upper-driven spindle complex (5) are installed in the experimental chamber (3); the bottom of the experimental chamber (3) is installed on a device base; the main unit (1) is installed on the lifting system (4) above the experimental chamber (3) and is connected to the upper end of the upper-driven spindle complex (5); the lower end of the upper-driven spindle complex (5) is drivingly connected to the rotor system (2); the lifting system (4) is installed on the device base and is located above the experimental chamber (3); and the lifting system (4) is connected to a chamber cover of the experimental chamber (3); The experimental chamber (3) comprises an experimental chamber (3-1), a protective shell (3-2), an experimental chamber cover (3-3), a vertical toggle clamp (3-4) and a support (3-6); the bottom of the experimental chamber (3-1) is fixedly mounted on the device base via the support (3-6); the top of the experimental chamber (3-1) is open and is provided with an experimental chamber cover (3-3); three vertical toggle clamps (3-4) are evenly distributed and fixedly mounted on the top surface of the experimental chamber (3-1) around the experimental chamber cover (3-3) along the circumference; (3-3) is fixed to the experimental chamber (3-1) by a vertical elbow clamp (3-4), and the vertical elbow clamp (3-4) is specifically a snap-on connection locking structure; the contact surface between the experimental chamber cover (3-3) and the experimental chamber (3-1) is sealed by an O-type rubber ring (3-5), and the side wall of the experimental chamber (3-1) is provided with a vacuum interface (3-9), and the vacuum interface (3-9) is connected to an external ground vacuum system or an inflation system; a three-layer protective shell (3-2) is provided around the inside of the experimental chamber (3-1); The lifting system (4) comprises a driving motor (4-1), a coupling (4-2), a lead screw guide rail (4-3), a bracket (4-4), a nut block (4-5), and a vertical guide rail (4-6); the lifting bracket (4-4) is mounted on a device base on the side of the experimental chamber (3); the driving motor (4-1) is fixed on the top of the lifting bracket (4-4); the output shaft of the driving motor (4-1) is downwardly connected through the coupling (4-2) and the lead screw guide rail (4-3); the lead screw guide rail (4-3) is arranged vertically; a nut block (4-5) is threadedly mounted on the lead screw guide rail (4-3); the nut block (4-5) is axially movable and sleeved on a vertical guide rail (4-6) arranged parallel to the lead screw guide rail (4-3) to form a lead screw nut pair; the driving motor (4-1) drives the lead screw guide rail (4-3) to rotate when it works, thereby driving the nut block (4-5) to move up and down along the vertical guide rail (4-6); The centrifugal main machine (1) comprises a centrifugal motor (1-1), an upper bearing bracket (1-3), a rotation speed sensor (1-4), a displacement sensor (1-5) and a motor support (1-7); the motor support (1-7) is fixed to the side of a nut block of a lifting system (4); the centrifugal motor (1-1) is fixedly mounted on the motor support (1-7); the bottom of the motor support (1-7) is fixedly connected to an experimental chamber cover (3-3) of an experimental chamber (3); an upper drive type spindle complex (5) is installed on the side of the centrifugal motor (1-1); and the upper drive type spindle complex (5) is supported and installed. The upper bearing bracket (1-3) is mounted on the upper bearing bracket (1-3), which is fixedly connected to the motor support (1-7). The output shaft of the centrifugal motor (1-1) is connected to the upper drive type spindle complex (5) through the belt transmission structure, and drives the upper drive type spindle complex (5) to rotate. The top surface of the experimental chamber cover (3-3) is fixedly installed with a speed sensor (1-4) on the side of the upper drive type spindle complex (5). The lower part of the upper drive type spindle complex (5) is fixedly connected with a displacement sensor (1-5). The lower end of the upper drive type spindle complex (5) is connected to the rotor system (2). The top-driven spindle complex (5) comprises a slip ring (51), a slip ring shaft (52), a spindle (59), a small pulley (510), a magnetic fluid sealing structure (511), a sealing flange (513), a connecting flange (515) and a tightening sleeve (516); the upper part of the spindle (59) is sleeved with a slip ring shaft (52) and a shaft collar portion arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the lower end of the slip ring shaft (52) and the upper end of the spindle (59) are coaxially fixedly connected, and the slip ring (51) is sleeved on the outer surface of the slip ring shaft (52); the spindle (59) below the slip ring shaft (52) is partially provided with an annular outer flange as the shaft collar portion, and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft collar portion is provided as an outer conical surface inclined downward, and the small pulley (51) is provided with a plurality of The inner circumference of the main shaft (59) is set as an inner conical surface inclined downward, the small pulley (510) is coaxially sleeved on the shaft collar portion of the main shaft (59) through the inner and outer conical surfaces, the small pulley (510) is synchronously connected to the output shaft of the centrifugal motor (1-1) through a belt for transmission, and the main shaft (59) between the slip ring shaft (52) and the shaft collar portion is sleeved in the through hole of the upper bearing bracket (1-3) of the centrifugal main machine (1) through a bearing; the middle part of the main shaft (59) is sequentially sleeved with a magnetic fluid sealing structure (511) and a sealing flange (513) from top to bottom; the magnetic fluid sealing structure (511) includes a bearing cover (511-2), a deep groove ball bearing (511-3), a housing (511-4) and an O-ring (511-7); the housing (511-4) is sleeved outside the main shaft (59); a radial gap is provided between the housing (511-4) and the middle of the main shaft (59) to form a swimming cavity (511-5); deep groove ball bearings (511-3) are installed on the upper and lower sides of the swimming cavity, so that the housing (511-4) and the main shaft (59) are rotatably connected through the deep groove ball bearings (511-3); the housing (511-4) at the upper end of the swimming cavity (511-5) is open and is installed with a bearing cover (511-2); the bearing cover (511-2) is sleeved outside the main shaft (59) and axially limits the deep groove ball bearing (511-3); the housing (511-4) is The lower end of the shell (511-4) is sealed to form a closed end, and the closed end of the lower end of the shell (511-4) and the main shaft (59) are sealed and connected; the lower end of the shell (511-4) is provided with an outer flange, and the outer flange is provided with a connecting hole (511-6), and the bolt passes through the connecting hole (511-6) to be connected to the top surface of the experimental chamber cover (3-3), so that the lower end of the shell (511-4) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the experimental chamber cover (3-3), and the lower end surface of the shell (511-4) is provided with an annular groove, and an O-ring (511-7) is installed in the annular groove, so that the lower end surface of the shell (511-4) and the top surface of the experimental chamber cover (3-3) are sealed and matched through the O-ring (511-7);The sealing flange (513) is located in the experimental cavity (3-1) and fixed on the bottom surface of the experimental cavity cover (3-3). An annular notch groove is provided on the inner circumference of the top, and an oil seal (513-1) is installed in the annular notch groove. An elastic retaining ring (513-2) for a hole is provided on the upper side of the oil seal (513-1). The elastic retaining ring (513-2) for the hole is embedded in the annular retaining ring groove provided on the inner circumference of the annular notch groove of the sealing flange (513). An annular step is provided on the top surface of the sealing flange (513). An annular groove is provided on the surface of the annular step. A sealing ring (513-3) is installed in the annular groove. The sealing ring (513-3) enables the top surface of the sealing flange (513) and the bottom surface of the experimental cavity cover (3-3) to be sealed and matched. The lower end of the main shaft (59) is coaxially fixedly connected to the connecting flange (515) via a tightening sleeve (516), and the lower end of the connecting flange (515) is connected to the rotor system of the centrifugal supergravity device. The rotor system (2) comprises a cup arm (2-1), a cup (61) and a hanging pin (2-3); the lower end of the main shaft (59) of the top-driven main shaft complex (5) passes through the central through hole of the experimental chamber cover (3-3) and extends into the experimental chamber (3-1); the center of the top surface of the cup arm (2-1) and the sealing flange (513) at the bottom end of the main shaft (59) are coaxially fixedly connected; the two ends of the cup arm (2-1) are symmetrically hingedly installed with cups (61); the cups (61) are hingedly installed at the ends of the cup arms (2-1) through the hanging pins (2-3); the center of the bottom surface of the cup arm (2-1) is rotatably supported on the top end of the central support shaft (1-6), and the bottom end of the support shaft (1-6) is vertically fixed to the bottom center of the experimental chamber (3-1).

2. According to claim 1, a cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment is characterized in that: A viewing window (3-8) is provided on the bottom surface of the experimental cavity (3-1), and a monitor (3-7) is installed on the device base below the viewing window (3-8). The monitor (3-7) faces the viewing window (3-8) and photographs the experimental conditions in the experimental cavity (3-1) through the viewing window (3-8).

3. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: Each of the hanging cups (61) is installed with a material property testing system, the material property testing system comprising a heating device (62), a heat preservation device (63) and a load-bearing device (64); the heat preservation device (63) is installed in the hanging cup (61), the heat preservation device (63) is installed with a heating device (62), the heating device (62) is installed with a load-bearing device (64), and hanging ears (61-1) are provided on both sides of the top of the hanging cup (61), and the hanging cup (61) is hingedly suspended on the end of the rotating arm of the ultragravity centrifuge through the hanging ears (61-1) on both sides.

4. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 3 is characterized by: The thermal insulation device (63) comprises a protective shell (63-1), an upper aerogel layer (63-2), an upper ceramic fiber layer (63-3), an upper insulating ring (63-4), an upper fixed ring thermal insulation layer (63-5), a middle aerogel layer (63-6), a middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7), a lower insulating ring (63-8), a lower fixed ring thermal insulation layer (63-9), a lower aerogel layer (63-10), a lower ceramic fiber layer (63-11), a thermal insulation support seat (63-12), a thermal insulation cover (63-13), a furnace top aerogel layer (63-14), an upper inlet installation ring (63-15), and an upper outlet installation ring (63-16). 3-16), a lower inlet installation ring (63-17), a lower outlet installation hole (63-18), an upper annular spacer (63-19) and a lower annular spacer (63-20); the protective shell (63-1) is fixedly placed at the bottom of the hanging cup (61), and the inner wall of the protective shell (63-1) is provided with an annular aerogel layer along the circumference, and the aerogel layer is divided from bottom to top into a lower aerogel layer (63-10), a middle aerogel layer (63-6) and an upper aerogel layer (63-2), a lower annular spacer (63-20) is provided between the lower aerogel layer (63-10) and the middle aerogel layer (63-6), and a lower annular spacer (63-20) is arranged at the lower annular spacer (63-20). A lower fixing ring (62-9) of a lower heating structure is arranged; an upper annular spacer (63-19) is arranged between the middle aerogel layer (63-6) and the upper aerogel layer (63-2); an upper fixing ring (62-8) of the upper heating structure is arranged at the upper annular spacer (63-19); a heat insulating support seat (63-12) is fixed at the center of the protective shell (63-1) where the lower aerogel layer (63-10) is located, and a lower ceramic fiber layer (63-11) is filled between the heat insulating support seat (63-12) and the lower aerogel layer (63-10); the upper aerogel layer (63-2) and the middle aerogel layer (63-11) above the lower ceramic fiber layer (63-11) are arranged on the protective shell (63-1) where the lower aerogel layer (63-10) is located; The inner peripheral wall of the layer (63-6) is provided with a ceramic fiber layer in an annular shape along the circumference, and the ceramic fiber layer is divided into a middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7) and an upper ceramic fiber layer (63-3) from bottom to top, and the middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7) and the upper ceramic fiber layer (63-3) are respectively located close to the inner peripheral walls of the middle aerogel layer (63-6) and the upper aerogel layer (63-2); a lower fixed ring heat insulation layer (63-9) is provided between the middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7) and the lower ceramic fiber layer (63-11), and an upper fixed ring heat insulation layer (63-5) is provided between the upper aerogel layer (63-2) and the middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7);A lower incoming line installation ring (63-17) and a lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) are respectively arranged up and down, and are embedded between the middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7) and the lower fixed ring insulation layer (63-9); the lower incoming line installation ring (63-17) is arranged with a lower incoming power connection ring (62-6); the lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) is arranged with a lower outgoing power connection ring (62-7); the lower incoming line installation ring (63-17) and the lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) are isolated by a lower insulating ring (63-8); an upper incoming line installation ring (63-15) and an upper outgoing line installation ring (63-16) are respectively arranged up and down, and the upper incoming line installation ring (63-15) is arranged with a lower incoming power connection ring (62-6); the lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) is arranged with a lower outgoing power connection ring (62-7); the lower incoming line installation ring (63-17) and the lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) are isolated by a lower insulating ring (63-8); and an upper incoming line installation ring (63-15) and an upper outgoing line installation ring (63-16) are respectively arranged up and down, and the upper incoming line installation ring (63-15) is arranged with a lower incoming power connection ring (62-6); the lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) is arranged with a lower outgoing power connection ring (62-7); and the lower incoming line installation ring (63-17) and the lower outgoing line installation ring (63-23) are isolated by a lower insulating ring (63-8); and an upper incoming line installation ring (63-15) and an upper outgoing line installation ring (63-16) are respectively arranged up and down, and the upper incoming line installation ring (63-15) is arranged with a lower incoming power connection ring (62-6); and the lower outgoing line installation ring (63- An upper power inlet connection ring (62-4) is arranged, an upper power outlet connection ring (62-5) is arranged on an upper power outlet installation ring (63-16), and the upper power inlet installation ring (63-15) and the upper power outlet installation ring (63-16) are isolated by an upper insulating ring (63-4); a stepped opening is formed at the upper end of the upper ceramic fiber layer (63-3), a thermal insulation cover (63-13) is installed at the stepped opening, a furnace top aerogel layer (63-14) is installed at the upper end of the protective shell (63-1), and the bottom surface of the furnace top aerogel layer (63-14) is closely attached to the thermal insulation cover (63-13) and the top surface of the upper ceramic fiber layer (63-3); a heating inner cavity is formed on the inner periphery of the middle ceramic fiber layer (63-7) above the lower ceramic fiber layer (63-11), and a heating cavity body (62-1) is installed in the heating inner cavity; The heating device (62) comprises a heating cavity (62-1), an upper heating element (62-2), a lower heating element (62-3), an upper power inlet connection ring (62-4), an upper power outlet connection ring (62-5), a lower power inlet connection ring (62-6), a lower power outlet connection ring (62-7), an upper fixing ring (62-8), a lower fixing ring (62-9) and a ceramic cover (62-10); the heating element is installed inside the heating cavity (62-1) and the ceramic cover (62-10) is installed on the top; a cylindrical cavity is provided at the center of the heating cavity (62-1); a load-bearing device (64) and a sample (64-3) are installed in the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity (62-1); Four upper heating element installation grooves (62-1-1) are arranged evenly spaced along the circumferential direction in the side wall of the upper part of the heating cavity (62-1) surrounding the cavity, each upper heating element installation groove (62-1-1) is arranged in an arc shape, and each upper heating element installation groove (62-1-1) is installed with an upper heating element (62-2); an upper radiation hole (62-1-3) is arranged in the side wall of the heating cavity (62-1) between the cylindrical cavity and the upper heating element installation groove (62-1-1), and the heat generated by the upper heating element (62-2) is heated by heat radiation through the upper radiation hole (62-1-3) to the cylindrical cavity in the upper part of the entire heating cavity (62-1); A cylindrical cavity is provided at the center of the heat cavity (62-1); four lower heating element installation grooves (62-1-2) are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction in the side wall of the lower half of the heating cavity (62-1) surrounding the cylindrical cavity; each lower heating element installation groove (62-1-2) is arranged in an arc shape; each lower heating element installation groove (62-1-2) is installed with a lower heating element (62-3); a lower radiation hole (62-1-4) is provided on the side wall of the heating cavity (62-1) between the cylindrical cavity and the lower heating element installation groove (62-1-2); heat generated by the lower heating element (62-3) is transmitted through the lower radiation hole (62-1-4) to heat the entire heating cavity by heat radiation. The upper heating element (62-2) is electrically connected in parallel with the upper power-incoming wiring ring (62-4) and the upper power-outgoing wiring ring (62-5), and the upper power-outgoing wiring ring (62-5) is connected to the ground power supply system. The upper power-incoming wiring ring (62-4) and the upper power-outgoing wiring ring (62-5) are further connected to the ground power supply system. The upper power-incoming wiring ring (62-4) and the upper power-outgoing wiring ring (62-5) are further provided with an upper fixing ring (62-8) around the outer periphery of the upper power-incoming wiring ring (62-4) and the upper power-outgoing wiring ring (62-5), and the upper fixing ring (62-8) is arranged in the structure of the heat preservation device (63).A lower section power inlet wiring ring (62-6), a lower section power outlet connection ring (62-7) and a lower section fixing ring (62-9) are arranged around the bottom end of the heating cavity (62-1); the lower section heating element (62-3) is electrically connected in parallel with the lower section power inlet wiring ring (62-6) and the lower section power outlet connection ring (62-7); the lower section power inlet wiring ring (62-6) and the lower section power outlet connection ring (62-7) are then connected to a ground power supply system; a lower section fixing ring (62-9) is also arranged around the outer periphery of the lower section power inlet wiring ring (62-6) and the lower section power outlet connection ring (62-7); the lower section fixing ring (62-9) is arranged in the structure of the heat preservation device (63); The load-bearing device (64) comprises a load-bearing frame (64-1), a high-temperature pull rod (64-2) and a buffer body (64-4); the load-bearing frame (64-1) is installed at the top end of the hanging cup (61), and is an upward convex arc structure as a whole; the inner edge of the bottom surface of the load-bearing frame (64-1) is provided with a convex edge (64-1-3), and the convex edge (64-1-3) is embedded and matched with the inner wall of the top end of the hanging cup (61); the upper end of the high-temperature pull rod (64-2) is fixedly connected to the hanging cup (61) by bolts The high-temperature pull rod (64-2) is connected to the center hole of the load-bearing frame (64-1), and the lower end of the high-temperature pull rod (64-2) passes downward through the insulation cover (63-13) of the insulation device (63) and the furnace top aerogel layer (63-14) and then extends into the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity (62-1) of the heating device (62). The lower end of the high-temperature pull rod (64-2) is connected to the upper end of the sample (64-3), and the high-temperature pull rod (64-2) and the sample (64-3) are coaxial and located in the heating cavity (62 -1) the central axis position of the cylindrical cavity; the buffer body (64-4) is located directly below the sample (64-3) and fixed on the heat insulation support seat (63-12) of the heat preservation device (63), the buffer body (64-4) includes a cylindrical shell, a first layer of buffer baffle (64-4-1) and a second layer of buffer baffle (64-4-2), the bottom end of the cylindrical shell is fixed to the top surface of the heat insulation support seat (63-12), and the inner circumference of the upper half of the cylindrical shell is processed into a threaded hole (64-4-3), the first layer buffer baffle (64-4-1) and the second layer buffer baffle (64-4-2) are sleeved in the threaded hole (64-4-3) by threaded matching, the first layer buffer baffle (64-4-1) is located above the second layer buffer baffle (64-4-2) and are arranged at a distance from each other, and the side walls of the lower half of the cylinder shell are provided with weight-reducing holes (64-4-4) to reduce the weight of the buffer body (64-4); The lower end surface of the high-temperature pull rod (64-2) is provided with a sample slot (64-2-1), and the sample (64-3) is divided into a clamping head (64-3-1), a working section (64-3-2) and a surface force loading block (64-3-3) from top to bottom. The clamping head (64-3-1), the working section (64-3-2) and the surface force loading block (64-3-3) are coaxially integrated. The clamping head (64-3-1) is processed into a shape and size that matches the sample slot (64-2-1) and can be embedded in the sample slot (64-2-1), and the surface force loading block (64-3-3) is located above the buffer body (64-4).

5. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The upper fixing ring (62-8), the lower fixing ring (62-9) and the heating cavity (62-1) are all made of alumina ceramics; the upper fixing ring (62-8) and the heating cavity (62-1) are insulated by an upper fixing ring insulation layer (63-5) made of ceramic fibers; and the lower fixing ring (62-9) and the heating cavity (62-1) are separated by a lower fixing ring insulation layer (63-9) made of ceramic fibers.

6. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 4 is characterized by: The top and bottom outer wall surfaces of the protective shell (63-1) are both provided with a plurality of guardrails (63-1-1), and the plurality of guardrails (63-1-1) are evenly spaced along the circumference and are used for placing the protective shell (63-1) in and taking out the hanging cup (61).

7. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 4 is characterized by: The shell wall of the upper half of the protective shell (63-1) is provided with heat dissipation holes (63-1-2).

8. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 4 is characterized by: The ceramic cover (62-10) is covered on the top of the heating cavity (62-1), and a boss (62-10-2) is fixedly provided at the center of the bottom surface of the ceramic cover (62-10), and the boss (62-10-2) is located in the cylindrical cavity of the heating cavity (62-1); the ceramic cover (62-10) on both sides of the boss (62-10-2) is provided with vertical thermocouple holes (62-10-1), and thermocouples are inserted in the thermocouple holes (62-10-1), and the temperature is controlled by the thermocouples.

9. The cantilever centrifugal material performance testing machine system under ultra-gravity environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an independent stress-strain testing system, which uses resistance strain gauges welded to different parts of the working section (64-3-2) of the sample (64-3), and leads are led out along the high-temperature pull rod (64-2) to the outside of the hanging cup (61) and connected to the ground monitoring system. The dynamic stress-strain curve of the working section (64-3-2) of the sample (64-3) is obtained through the resistance strain gauge test.

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