A mechanical experimental fixture for fracture

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mechanical experiment fixture for fracture, comprising: a nail placement module, the nail placement module is arranged in a rectangular body structure, the nail placement module is sleeved on a bone model, a mounting groove is provided on a side of the nail placement module close to the bone model, and the inner contour of the mounting groove matches the outer contour of one side of the bone model; the nail placement module has a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side arranged in a vertical direction, the mounting groove is provided on the first side, and a accommodating space is formed in the mounting groove; the third side is arranged away from the bone model, and a plurality of positioning holes are provided on the third side, each positioning hole runs through the third plane and is connected with the accommodating space, and a guide pin can be operably inserted into each positioning hole, and one end of each guide pin is inserted into the bone model. Through the application of the present invention, accurate positioning and installation are provided for the insertion of the guide pin, which is convenient for medical staff to operate, and further improves the accuracy of femoral biomechanics experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomechanics experimental instruments, in particular to a mechanical experimental fixture for fractures. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of technology, in order to further improve the treatment effect of fracture patients, medical staff often conduct experiments on bone models many times before surgery, such as simulating the stability of different fracture types or different internal fixation methods, verifying finite element simulation, and selecting the best surgical plan for different patients. These experiments require high precision, but during the experiment, medical staff often cannot make the inserted guide pins and screws positions completely consistent with the expected ones, which artificially causes excessive differences within the group and inaccurate experimental results. Or repeatedly drilling guide pins will cause a lot of waste of bone models and cadaver bones. At present, there is still a lack of anatomical osteotomy nail guides for experiments that are closely attached to the bone surface and can accurately, quickly and conveniently assist nail placement and osteotomy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical test fixture for fracture, comprising:

[0004] A nail placement module, wherein the nail placement module is arranged in a rectangular body structure, the length direction of the nail placement module is arranged along the vertical direction, the nail placement module is sleeved on the bone model, a mounting groove is arranged on a side of the nail placement module close to the bone model, the mounting groove is arranged on one side of the nail placement module from bottom to top, and the inner contour of the mounting groove matches the outer contour of one side of the bone model;

[0005] The nail placement module has a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface arranged along the vertical direction, the first side surface, the second side surface, the third side surface and the fourth side surface are connected in sequence, the first side surface is arranged facing the bone model, the installation groove is opened on the first side surface, and an accommodating space is formed in the installation groove;

[0006] The third side surface is arranged away from the bone model, and a plurality of positioning holes are opened on the third side surface, each of the positioning holes penetrates the third plane and is connected with the accommodating space, a guide needle can be operably inserted into each of the positioning holes, and one end of each of the guide needles is inserted into the bone model.

[0007] In another preferred embodiment, the bone module is in the shape of a femur, and the bone module includes: a femoral body arranged in a vertical direction, a greater trochanter arranged at the upper end of the femoral body, a femoral neck arranged on the greater trochanter, and a femoral head arranged at an end of the femoral neck away from the greater trochanter, and the femoral neck and the femoral head are arranged in an inclined direction, and the inner contour of the mounting groove matches the outer contour of the side of the greater trochanter away from the femoral neck.

[0008] In another preferred embodiment, it also includes: a first osteotomy module and a second osteotomy module, one end of the first osteotomy module is installed on the upper end of the second side surface, one end of the second osteotomy module is installed on the upper end of the fourth side surface, and the other end of the first osteotomy module and the other end of the second osteotomy module are both arranged toward the femoral neck and are closely attached to each other to form an osteotomy plane, and the osteotomy plane is arranged through the femoral neck.

[0009] In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of assembly holes are provided at the upper end of the second side surface and the upper end of the fourth side surface, a plurality of assembly columns are provided at one end of the first osteotomy module and one end of the second osteotomy module, and each of the assembly columns matches with one of the assembly holes.

[0010] In another preferred embodiment, the three assembly holes are arranged in an inverted triangle shape at the upper end of the second side surface or the upper end of the fourth side surface.

[0011] In another preferred embodiment, the first osteotomy module is a block structure with an L-shaped horizontal cross-section, the first osteotomy module comprises a first plate and a second plate which are vertically connected, the second plate is arranged perpendicular to one end of the first plate, one side of the first plate is parallel to and closely attached to the second side surface, a plurality of assembly columns are arranged on one side of the first plate, each of the assembly columns is arranged perpendicular to one side of the first plate, one side of the second plate is parallel to and closely attached to the upper portion of the first side surface, and a first notch is formed at one end of the second plate close to the second osteotomy module;

[0012] The second osteotomy module is a block structure with an L-shaped horizontal cross section, and the second osteotomy module includes a third plate and a fourth plate which are vertically connected, the fourth plate is arranged perpendicular to one end of the third plate, one side of the third plate is parallel to and closely attached to the fourth side surface, a plurality of assembly columns are arranged on one side of the third plate, each of the assembly columns is arranged perpendicular to one side of the third plate, one side of the third plate is parallel to and closely attached to the upper part of the first side surface, and a second notch is formed at one end of the fourth plate close to the second plate;

[0013] The second plate is arranged opposite to the fourth plate, and the first notch and the second notch are combined to form a through opening, the inner contour of the through opening matches the outer contour of the femoral neck, and the fourth plate and the second plate are respectively mounted on the femoral neck through the second notch and the first notch.

[0014] In another preferred embodiment, the other side of the second plate and the other side of the fourth plate together form the osteotomy plane, the through hole is arranged through the lower part of the osteotomy plane, and the osteotomy plane is arranged inclined relative to the vertical direction.

[0015] In another preferred embodiment, the lower end of the osteotomy plane is arranged away from the nail placement module relative to the upper end of the osteotomy plane.

[0016] In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of observation holes are provided on the second side surface and the fourth side surface, each of the observation holes penetrates the nail placement module, and the plurality of observation holes are provided at different heights in the vertical direction.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following positive effects compared with the prior art: through the application of the present invention, the entire bone model, especially the femoral type model, is fixed and clamped, and the positioning hole is used to provide accurate positioning and installation for the insertion of the guide needle, which is convenient for medical staff to operate and further improves the accuracy of the femoral biomechanics experiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a nail placement module of a mechanical experiment fixture for fracture of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a third side view schematic diagram of a nail placement module of a mechanical experiment fixture for fracture of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a second side view schematic diagram of a nail placement module of a mechanical experiment fixture for fracture of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a first osteotomy module of a nail placement module of a mechanical experimental fixture for fractures of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a mechanical test fixture for fracture of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the installation of a femur model of a mechanical experiment fixture for fracture of the present invention.

[0024] In the attached figure:

[0025] 1. Screw placement module; 2. Bone model; 11. First side; 111. Mounting groove; 12. Second side; 13. Third side; 14. Fourth side; 131. Positioning hole; 3. Guide pin; 21. Femoral body; 22. Greater trochanter; 23. Femoral neck; 24. Femoral head; 4. First osteotomy module; 5. Second osteotomy module; 121. Assembly hole; 41. Assembly column; 42. First plate; 43. Second plate; 44. First notch; 51. Third plate; 52. Fourth plate; 53. Second notch; 6. Through hole; 7. Observation hole; 8. Osteotomy plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a mechanical experiment fixture for fracture of a preferred embodiment is shown, comprising: a nail placement module 1, the nail placement module 1 is arranged in a rectangular structure, the length direction of the nail placement module 1 is arranged in the vertical direction, the nail placement module 1 is sleeved on the bone model 2, and a mounting groove 111 is provided on one side of the nail placement module 1 close to the bone model 2, the mounting groove 111 is provided on one side of the nail placement module 1 from bottom to top, and the inner contour of the mounting groove 111 matches the outer contour of one side of the bone model 2; the nail placement module 1 has a first side surface 11, a second side surface 12, and a third side surface 1 arranged in the vertical direction. 3 and the fourth side 14, the first side 11, the second side 12, the third side 13 and the fourth side 14 are connected in sequence, the first side 11 is arranged opposite to the skeleton model 2, the mounting groove 111 is opened on the first side 11, and an accommodating space is formed in the mounting groove 111; the third side 13 is arranged away from the skeleton model 2, and a plurality of positioning holes 131 are opened on the third side 13, each positioning hole 131 passes through the third plane and is connected with the accommodating space, and a guide pin 3 can be operably inserted into each positioning hole 131, and one end of each guide pin 3 is inserted into the skeleton model 2.Furthermore, in the process of femoral biomechanics experiment, a CT scanning operation is first performed on the femur of a cadaver or a bone model 2 used in the experiment, and a simulated virtual bone model 2 is generated with the assistance of computer software, and the three-dimensional outer surface contour of the virtual bone model 2 is extracted, and a personalized nail placement module 1 and osteotomy module and other structural parts are designed according to the extracted feature points, and 3D printing is performed. In this process, the medical staff selects the position and angle of the nail placement, so as to simulate the part of the bone model 2 where the guide pin 3 needs to be inserted. In other words, in 3D printing, A positioning hole 131 with a designed angle and size is generated on the generated nail placement module 1, and the shape of this part is converted into a mounting groove 111 arranged on the nail placement module 1, the mounting groove 111 is arranged in a concave shape relative to the first side surface 11, and the inner contour of the mounting groove 111 is preferably closely fitted with the outer contour of the skeleton model 2, wherein the accommodating space formed by the mounting groove 111 should have at least one top surface and three sequentially connected side wall surfaces, the top surface is against the upper end of the skeleton model 2, and the three side wall surfaces are arranged in a semi-enclosed manner along the outer side of the skeleton model, one of which is directly facing the wall surface of the skeleton model 2 and is arranged at the same side as the third side surface 13. On a plate body, the positioning holes 131 are sequentially arranged through the third side surface 13 and the side wall from the outside to the inside; and the external connecting parts (bolts, positioning parts, etc.) are fixedly connected to the outside of the nail placement module 1, thereby forming a fixation of the bone module, and the positioning holes 131 for introducing the guide pin 3 are used as needed to complete the precise positioning of the pin insertion operation. Since the bone model 2 and the nail placement module 1 are relatively fixed, the positions of the positioning holes 131 toward the bone module are also relatively fixed, so that when the medical staff inserts the guide pin 3 along the positioning holes 131, the guide pin 3 can be inserted along a specific position and angle according to the needs of the experimenter. Insert it into the bone model 2 entity to complete the basic position determination, then take out several guide pins 3, or leave one guide pin 3 that does not pass through the fracture surface, and position the osteotomy plane 8 formed by the first osteotomy module 4 and the second osteotomy module 5, and then use a reciprocating saw to cut along the osteotomy plane 8 through the femoral neck 23 to form a fracture line for experimental observation, and then use screws etc. along the insertion path of the guide pin 3 to pass through the positioning hole 131 to rivet it to the bone module. In actual use, preferably three to four screws can be used to complete a complete and accurate nail insertion experimental mold in the case of femoral fracture.

[0028] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the bone module is in the shape of a femur, and the bone module includes: a femoral body 21 arranged in a vertical direction, a greater trochanter 22 arranged at the upper end of the femoral body 21, a femoral neck 23 arranged on the greater trochanter 22, and a femoral head 24 arranged at one end of the femoral neck 23 away from the greater trochanter 22, and the femoral neck 23 and the femoral head 24 are arranged in an inclined direction, and the inner contour of the mounting groove 111 matches the outer contour of the side of the greater trochanter 22 away from the femoral neck 23. Further, the above-mentioned bone module adopts the corresponding overall shape of the femur, and since the screw is usually inserted from the outside of the greater trochanter 22, the screw placement module 1 is matched and installed with the outside of the greater trochanter 22, thereby completing the insertion and positioning of the guide pin 3 at the greater trochanter 22.

[0029] Further, as a preferred embodiment, it also includes: a first osteotomy module 4 and a second osteotomy module 5, one end of the first osteotomy module 4 is mounted on the upper end of the second side surface 12, one end of the second osteotomy module 5 is mounted on the upper end of the fourth side surface 14, and the other end of the first osteotomy module 4 and the other end of the second osteotomy module 5 are both arranged toward the femoral neck 23 and closely attached to each other to form an osteotomy plane 8, and the osteotomy plane 8 is arranged through the femoral neck 23. Further, in the actual experimental process, the femoral fracture line is observed specifically at the cross section of the femoral neck 23, and the osteotomy plane 8 with a guiding effect is formed at the femoral neck 23 by the first osteotomy module 4 and the second osteotomy module 5 that match each other, and the femoral neck 23 can be positioned and cut along the setting direction of the osteotomy plane 8, and the femoral neck 23 should be just embedded in the lower end of the osteotomy plane 8, and the osteotomy plane 8 is preferably arranged perpendicular to the axis of the femoral neck 23.

[0030] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the second side surface 12 and the upper end of the fourth side surface 14 are both provided with a plurality of assembly holes 121, and one end of the first osteotomy module 4 and one end of the second osteotomy module 5 are both provided with a plurality of assembly columns 41, and each assembly column 41 matches an assembly hole 121. Further, the diameter of each assembly column 41 is preferably 7.8 mm, and the diameter of the assembly hole 121 is 8 mm. In actual use, the nail placement module 1 and the bone model 2 are first installed, and then the first osteotomy module 4 and the second osteotomy module 5 are respectively installed and fixed along the left and right sides (in the direction perpendicular to the second side surface 12 and the direction perpendicular to the fourth side surface 14), so that each assembly column 41 is tightly fitted with an assembly hole 121 to form a fixation.

[0031] Further, as a preferred embodiment, three assembly holes 121 are arranged in an inverted triangle at the upper end of the second side surface 12 or the upper end of the fourth side surface 14. Further, the inverted triangle arrangement forms a stable and non-rotatable support between the assembly holes 121 and the assembly column 41.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention also has the following implementation modes based on the above:

[0034] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the first osteotomy module 4 is a block structure with an L-shaped horizontal cross-section, the first osteotomy module 4 includes a first plate 42 and a second plate 43 which are vertically connected, the second plate 43 is arranged perpendicular to one end of the first plate 42, one side of the first plate 42 is parallel to and closely arranged with the second side surface 12, a plurality of assembly columns 41 are arranged on one side of the first plate 42, each assembly column 41 is arranged perpendicular to one side of the first plate 42, one side of the second plate 43 is parallel to and closely arranged with the upper part of the first side surface 11, and a first notch 44 is formed at one end of the second plate 43 close to the second osteotomy module 5; the second osteotomy module 5 is a block structure with an L-shaped horizontal cross-section, the second osteotomy module 5 includes a third plate 51 and a fourth plate 52 which are vertically connected Plate 52, the fourth plate 52 is arranged perpendicular to one end of the third plate 51, one side of the third plate 51 is parallel to and closely arranged with the fourth side surface 14, a plurality of assembly columns 41 are arranged on one side of the third plate 51, each assembly column 41 is arranged perpendicular to one side of the third plate 51, one side of the third plate 51 is parallel to and closely arranged with the upper part of the first side surface 11, and a second notch 53 is formed at one end of the fourth plate 52 close to the second plate 43; the second plate 43 and the fourth plate 52 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first notch 44 and the second notch 53 are combined to form a through opening 6, the inner contour of the through opening 6 matches the outer contour of the femoral neck 23, and the fourth plate 52 and the second plate 43 are respectively mounted on the femoral neck 23 through the second notch 53 and the first notch 44. Furthermore, the first plate 42 and the second plate 43 are an integrated structure, the third plate 51 and the fourth plate 52 are an integrated structure, and the cross-section of the first osteotomy module 4 and the second osteotomy module 5 that have been installed together on the horizontal plane is a concave-shaped structure, and the middle insertion position of the concave-shaped structure is the installation position of the nail placement module 1.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the other side of the second plate 43 and the other side of the fourth plate 52 jointly form an osteotomy plane 8, the through hole is arranged through the lower part of the osteotomy plane 8, and the osteotomy plane 8 is arranged inclined relative to the vertical direction.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the osteotomy plane 8 is arranged away from the nail placement module 1 relative to the upper end of the osteotomy plane 8 .

[0037] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of observation holes 7 are provided on the second side surface 12 and the fourth side surface 14, each observation hole 7 is provided through the nail placement module 1, and the plurality of observation holes 7 are provided at different heights in the vertical direction. Further, preferably, four observation holes 7 are provided, each of which has a diameter of 10 mm, so that the experimenter can directly observe whether the nail placement module 1 is in contact with the surface of the bone module, and can observe the installation of the guide pin 3 or the screw.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical test fixture for fractures, characterized in that: include: A nail placement module, wherein the nail placement module is arranged in a rectangular body structure, wherein the length direction of the nail placement module is arranged along the vertical direction, wherein the nail placement module is sleeved on the bone model, wherein a mounting groove is arranged on a side of the nail placement module close to the bone model, wherein the mounting groove is arranged on one side of the nail placement module from bottom to top, and wherein the inner contour of the mounting groove matches the outer contour of one side of the bone model; The nail placement module has a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface arranged along the vertical direction, the first side surface, the second side surface, the third side surface and the fourth side surface are connected in sequence, the first side surface is arranged facing the bone model, the installation groove is opened on the first side surface, and an accommodating space is formed in the installation groove; The third side surface is arranged away from the bone model, and a plurality of positioning holes are formed on the third side surface, each of the positioning holes penetrates the third side surface and communicates with the accommodating space, a guide pin can be operably inserted into each of the positioning holes, and one end of each of the guide pins is inserted into the bone model; The bone model is in a femoral shape, and comprises: a femoral body arranged in a vertical direction, a greater trochanter arranged at the upper end of the femoral body, a femoral neck arranged on the greater trochanter, and a femoral head arranged at one end of the femoral neck away from the greater trochanter, and the femoral neck and the femoral head are arranged in an inclined direction, and the inner contour of the mounting groove matches the outer contour of the side of the greater trochanter away from the femoral neck; Wherein, it also includes: a first osteotomy module and a second osteotomy module, one end of the first osteotomy module is installed on the upper end of the second side surface, one end of the second osteotomy module is installed on the upper end of the fourth side surface, and the other end of the first osteotomy module and the other end of the second osteotomy module are both arranged toward the femoral neck and closely attached to each other to form an osteotomy plane, and the osteotomy plane is arranged through the femoral neck; The upper end of the second side surface and the upper end of the fourth side surface are both provided with a plurality of assembly holes, one end of the first osteotomy module and one end of the second osteotomy module are both provided with a plurality of assembly columns, and each of the assembly columns matches with one of the assembly holes; Wherein, the three assembly holes are arranged in an inverted triangle shape at the upper end of the second side surface or the upper end of the fourth side surface; The first osteotomy module is a block structure with an L-shaped horizontal cross section, and the first osteotomy module includes a first plate and a second plate which are vertically connected, the second plate is arranged perpendicular to one end of the first plate, one side of the first plate is parallel to and closely attached to the second side surface, a plurality of assembly columns are arranged on one side of the first plate, each of the assembly columns is arranged perpendicular to one side of the first plate, one side of the second plate is parallel to and closely attached to the upper part of the first side surface, and a first notch is formed at one end of the second plate close to the second osteotomy module; The second osteotomy module is a block structure with an L-shaped horizontal cross section, and the second osteotomy module includes a third plate and a fourth plate which are vertically connected, the fourth plate is arranged perpendicular to one end of the third plate, one side of the third plate is parallel to and closely attached to the fourth side surface, a plurality of assembly columns are arranged on one side of the third plate, each of the assembly columns is arranged perpendicular to one side of the third plate, one side of the third plate is parallel to and closely attached to the upper part of the first side surface, and a second notch is formed at one end of the fourth plate close to the second plate; The second plate is arranged opposite to the fourth plate, and the first notch and the second notch are combined to form a through opening, the inner contour of the through opening matches the outer contour of the femoral neck, and the fourth plate and the second plate are respectively mounted on the femoral neck through the second notch and the first notch; The other side of the second plate and the other side of the fourth plate together form the osteotomy plane, the through hole is arranged through the lower part of the osteotomy plane, and the osteotomy plane is arranged obliquely relative to the vertical direction; Wherein, the lower end of the osteotomy plane is arranged away from the nail placement module relative to the upper end of the osteotomy plane.

2. The mechanical test fixture for fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of observation holes are provided on the second side surface and the fourth side surface, each of the observation holes penetrates the nail placement module, and the plurality of observation holes are provided at different heights along the vertical direction.

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