Air damping vibration reduction pad and composite damping vibration reducer

Abstract

The invention discloses an air damping vibration-damping pad and a composite damping vibration-damping device. The air damping vibration-damping pad has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect. The damping medium is air, which has high compressibility and can therefore withstand large displacements, and the viscosity does not change much with temperature, and the performance is stable. The main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are small in volume and are directly connected through a throttle hole, so the pressure difference transmission speed is fast, and the effective frequency range of the damping can be improved. A plurality of air damping vibration-damping pads can be combined into a composite air damping vibration-damping pad by means of parallel connection or series connection, so that the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-damping pad can be adjusted, and the application range is wide. The air damping vibration-damping pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization rate, and can be used for vibration reduction in rail transit such as railways and subways, and can also be used for seismic vibration reduction in large structures such as houses and bridges. The air damping vibration-damping pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of vibration reduction, and in particular to an air damping vibration reduction pad and a composite damping vibration reducer. Background Art

[0002] Vibration damping pads are widely used in daily life and engineering. They are generally made of high molecular elastic materials such as rubber, and can adopt groove-type or prism-type structures to make the pads have appropriate elasticity. The vibration damping effect of vibration damping pads is determined by their stiffness and damping. Stiffness can generally be adjusted to the required reasonable value by changing the structural shape and size of the pads, but the damping of vibration damping pads is currently mainly determined by the material's own characteristics, and the overall elasticity and damping utilization of the material are not high. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art that the damping of the vibration damping pad is mainly determined by the characteristics of the material itself, and the overall elasticity and damping utilization rate of the material are not high, and to provide an air damping vibration damping pad and a composite damping shock absorber, which can further improve the vibration damping effect of the vibration damping pad by increasing the damping of the vibration damping pad and consuming more vibration energy.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] An air damping vibration reduction pad includes type A, type B, type C or type D;

[0006] The air damping vibration reduction pad of type A comprises an elastic structure layer, wherein a plurality of main air chambers arranged in an array are provided in the elastic structure layer, wherein the main air chambers are connected to the atmosphere through throttle holes, wherein one side of the elastic structure layer is used for connecting to a first component, and the other side opposite thereto is used for connecting to a second component, and the throttle holes are provided on the elastic structure layer or on the first component;

[0007] The air damping vibration reduction pad of type B comprises a hard structure layer and an elastic structure layer connected thereto, the elastic structure layer is provided with a plurality of main air chambers arranged in an array, the hard structure layer is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers arranged in an array, the main air chambers and the auxiliary air chambers correspond to each other one by one and are connected through a throttle hole, the throttle hole is provided in the hard structure layer or in the elastic structure layer, the hard structure layer is used to connect the first component, and the elastic structure layer is used to connect the second component;

[0008] The air damping vibration reduction pad of type C comprises a hard structure layer and two elastic structure layers respectively connected to the upper and lower surfaces thereof, each of the elastic structure layers is provided with a plurality of main air chambers arranged in an array, the hard structure layer is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers arranged in an array, the main air chambers and the auxiliary air chambers correspond to each other one by one and are connected through a throttle hole, the throttle hole is provided in the hard structure layer or in the elastic structure layer, and the two elastic structure layers are respectively used to connect the first component and the second component;

[0009] The D type air damping vibration reduction pad includes an elastic structural layer and two hard structural layers respectively connected to the upper and lower surfaces thereof, the elastic structural layer is provided with a plurality of main air chambers arranged in an array, each of the hard structural layers is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers arranged in an array, the main air chambers and the auxiliary air chambers correspond one to one and are connected through a throttle hole, the throttle hole is provided in the hard structural layer or in the elastic structural layer, and the two hard structural layers are respectively used to connect the first component and the second component.

[0010] When the air damping vibration damping pad is subjected to a compressive (tensile) load, the deformation of the elastic structural layer is much greater than the deformation of the hard structural layer. The elasticity of the air damping vibration damping pad is mainly provided by the elastic structural layer. Therefore, the reduction in the space of the main air chamber is much greater than the reduction in the space of the auxiliary air chamber, resulting in the air pressure in the main air chamber being higher than the air pressure in the auxiliary air chamber. The air in the main air chamber will flow to the auxiliary air chamber or the atmosphere through the throttle hole. During the unloading process, since the spatial volume of the main air chamber will return to its initial state, the air in the auxiliary air chamber or the atmosphere will flow to the main air chamber through the throttle hole. Since the friction between the air and the wall of the throttle hole will consume vibration energy, damping is provided for the air damping vibration damping pad.

[0011] Among them, when the throttling hole is arranged on the hard structure layer or the first component, that is, the throttling hole is formed by the wall of the hard structure layer or the wall of the first component, when the elastic structure layer undergoes elastic deformation, the aperture of the throttling hole does not change, and the damping of the air damping vibration damping pad does not change with the size of the dynamic load; when the throttling hole is arranged in the elastic structure layer, that is, the throttling hole is formed by the wall of the elastic structure layer, when the elastic structure layer undergoes elastic deformation, the aperture of the throttling hole will change, and as the load increases, the aperture of the throttling hole will become smaller, and the damping of the air damping vibration damping pad will enhance its nonlinear characteristics with the increase or decrease of the load.

[0012] The air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect; the damping medium is air, which has high compressibility and can therefore withstand large displacements, and its viscosity does not change much with temperature, and its performance is stable; the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are small in volume and are directly connected through a throttle hole, so the pressure difference is transmitted quickly, and the effective frequency range of the damping can be improved; a plurality of air damping vibration-isolating pads can be combined into a composite air damping vibration-isolating pad by means of parallel connection or series connection, so that the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-isolating pad can be adjusted easily, and the application range is wide; the air damping vibration-isolating pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization rate, and can be used for vibration reduction in rail transit such as railways and subways, as well as for seismic vibration reduction in large structures such as houses and bridges; the air damping vibration-isolating pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0013] Preferably, in the air damping vibration reduction pad of type A, the main air chamber is arranged in an orthogonal array, a circular array or a plum blossom array; in the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, the main air chamber and / or the auxiliary air chamber are arranged in an orthogonal array, a circular array or a plum blossom array.

[0014] Preferably, the air damping vibration reduction pad further comprises a closed isolation layer;

[0015] In the air damping pad of type A, the closed isolation layer is connected between the elastic structure layer and the first component, and the closed isolation layer is used to seal the main air chamber;

[0016] In the air damping and vibration reduction pad of type B, the closed isolation layer is connected between the hard structure layer and the first component, and / or between the elastic structure layer and the second component, and the closed isolation layer is used to seal the main air chamber and / or the auxiliary air chamber;

[0017] In the air damping and vibration reduction pad of type C, the closed isolation layer is connected between the elastic structure layer adjacent to the first component and the first component, and / or connected between the elastic structure layer adjacent to the second component and the second component, and the closed isolation layer is used to seal the main air chamber;

[0018] In the D type air damping vibration reduction pad, the closed isolation layer is connected between the hard structure layer adjacent to the first component and the first component, and / or connected between the hard structure layer adjacent to the second component and the second component, and the closed isolation layer is used to seal the auxiliary air chamber.

[0019] By setting the closed isolation layer to connect the hard structure layer or the elastic structure layer, slots can be formed on the surface of the elastic structure layer and the surface of the hard structure layer. The main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are respectively formed by bonding the closed isolation layer to the elastic structure layer and the hard structure layer, which facilitates the processing and manufacturing of the air damping vibration reduction pad.

[0020] Preferably, the closed isolation layer is a TPEE (thermoplastic polyester elastomer) structural component or a rubber structural component.

[0021] Preferably, in the air damping pad of type A, the elastic structural layer is bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component respectively;

[0022] In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, the hard structure layer and the elastic structure layer are bonded or vulcanized, the hard structure layer and the first component are bonded or vulcanized, and the elastic structure layer and the second component are bonded or vulcanized;

[0023] In the air damping pad of type C, the hard structure layer and the elastic structure layer are bonded or vulcanized, and the elastic structure layer is bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component respectively;

[0024] In the D-type air damping vibration reduction pad, the hard structural layer and the elastic structural layer are bonded or vulcanized, and the hard structural layer is bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component respectively.

[0025] Preferably, in the air damping vibration reduction pad of type A, the main air chamber is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, conical or spindle-shaped cavity;

[0026] In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, the main air chamber is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity, and the auxiliary air chamber is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity.

[0027] The volume of the cavity is determined according to the required vibration reduction stiffness and damping performance.

[0028] Preferably, the volume of the main air chamber is greater than the volume of the auxiliary air chamber.

[0029] Preferably, the air damping vibration reduction pad is a cylindrical pad, a truncated cone pad, a prismatic pad or a prism-shaped pad.

[0030] Preferably, in the air damping vibration reduction pad of type A, type B, type C or type D, the elastic structural layer is a rubber structural member;

[0031] In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, the hard structural layer is a TPEE structural part.

[0032] Preferably, in the air damping vibration reduction pad of type A, type B, type C or type D, a metal ring is embedded in the inner wall of the throttle hole.

[0033] Preferably, at least two of the air damping pads of type A, type B, type C, and type D are arranged in parallel laterally;

[0034] That is, type A and type B air damping vibration reduction pads are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel;

[0035] Or type A and type C air damping pads are spliced ​​and set in parallel;

[0036] Or type A and type D air damping pads are spliced ​​and set in parallel;

[0037] Or the B-type and C-type air damping pads are spliced ​​and set in parallel;

[0038] Or the B-type and D-type air damping pads are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel;

[0039] Or the C-type and D-type air damping pads are spliced ​​and set in parallel;

[0040] Or the air damping pads of type A, type B and type C are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel;

[0041] Or the air damping pads of type A, type B and type D are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel;

[0042] Or the air damping pads of type A, type C, and type D are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel;

[0043] Or the air damping pads of type B, type C, and type D are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel;

[0044] Or type A, type B, type C, and type D air damping vibration isolation pads are spliced ​​and arranged in parallel.

[0045] Preferably, at least one of the air damping pads of type A, type B, type C, and type D is longitudinally arranged in series;

[0046] That is, at least two A-type air damping pads are stacked and arranged in series;

[0047] Or at least two B-type air damping pads are stacked and arranged in series;

[0048] Or at least two C-type air damping pads are stacked and arranged in series;

[0049] Or at least two D-type air damping pads are stacked and arranged in series;

[0050] Or at least one type A and at least one type B air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0051] Or at least one type A and at least one type C air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0052] Or at least one type A and at least one type D air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0053] Or at least one B-type and at least one C-type air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0054] Or at least one B-type and at least one D-type air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0055] Or at least one C-type and at least one D-type air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0056] Or at least one type A, at least one type B, and at least one type C air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0057] Or at least one type A, at least one type B, and at least one type D air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0058] Or at least one type A, at least one type C, and at least one type D air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0059] Or at least one B-type, at least one C-type, and at least one D-type air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series;

[0060] Or at least one type A, at least one type B, at least one type C, and at least one type D air damping pad are stacked and arranged in series.

[0061] The present invention also provides a composite damping vibration isolator, comprising two structural plates arranged opposite to each other, at least one steel spring and at least one air damping vibration isolating pad as described in any one of the above items being arranged between the two structural plates.

[0062] The composite damping shock absorber described in the present invention is adopted, by stacking a plurality of the air damping vibration pads and connecting the steel springs in parallel as a composite damping shock absorber, thereby solving the problem of poor damping performance of the steel spring shock absorber, and improving the overall elasticity and damping utilization rate of the shock absorber. The composite damping shock absorber has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0063] Preferably, a plurality of the steel springs are arranged around the periphery of the air damping vibration reduction pad.

[0064] Preferably, all of the steel springs are evenly distributed.

[0065] Preferably, the structural plate is a steel plate.

[0066] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0067] 1. The air damping vibration-damping pad described in the present invention has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect; the damping medium is air, which has high compressibility, so it can withstand large displacement, the viscosity does not change much with temperature, and the performance is stable; the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are small in volume, and are directly connected through the throttle hole, the pressure difference transmission speed is fast, and the effective frequency range of the damping can be improved; multiple air damping vibration-damping pads can be combined into a composite air damping vibration-damping pad by parallel connection, series connection, etc., which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-damping pad and has a wide range of applications; the air damping vibration-damping pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization rate, and can be used for vibration reduction of rail transportation such as railways and subways, and can also be used for seismic vibration reduction of large structures such as houses and bridges. The air damping vibration-damping pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote;

[0068] 2. The composite damping shock absorber described in the present invention is used to solve the problem of poor damping performance of the steel spring shock absorber by superimposing a plurality of the air damping vibration pads and connecting the steel springs in parallel as a composite damping shock absorber, thereby improving the overall elasticity and damping utilization rate of the shock absorber. The composite damping shock absorber has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the air damping vibration reduction pad described in Example 1;

[0070] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air damping and vibration reduction pad described in Example 2;

[0071] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air damping and vibration reduction pad described in Example 3;

[0072] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air damping vibration reduction pad described in Example 4;

[0073] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air damping and vibration reduction pad described in Example 5;

[0074] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the air damping vibration reduction pad described in Example 11;

[0075] Figure 7is a schematic structural diagram of the air damping vibration reduction pad described in Example 16;

[0076] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the air damping vibration reduction pad described in Example 27;

[0077] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the air damping vibration reduction pad described in Example 28;

[0078] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite damping shock absorber described in Example 34.

[0079] Markings in the figure: 1-hard structure layer, 11-auxiliary air chamber, 2-elastic structure layer, 21-main air chamber, 3-throttle hole, 4-sealing layer, 5-steel spring, 6-structural plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] like Figure 1 As shown, the air damping vibration reduction pad described in the present invention includes an elastic structure layer 2 and a closed isolation layer 4.

[0083] The elastic structural layer 2 is provided with a plurality of main air chambers 21 arranged in an array, and the main air chambers 21 are connected to the atmosphere through a throttle hole 3. One side of the elastic structural layer 2 is connected to the closed isolation layer 4, and the closed isolation layer 4 is used to connect the first component, and the other opposite side is used to connect the second component. The throttle hole 3 is provided on the elastic structural layer 2, and the elastic structural layer 2 is respectively bonded or vulcanized to the closed isolation layer 4 and the second component, and the closed isolation layer 4 is bonded or vulcanized to the first component.

[0084] When the first component is a rail, the second component is a sleeper; when the first component is a sleeper, the second component is a ballast bed; when the first component is a ballast bed, the second component is a roadbed; when the first component is a floor structure, the second component is a foundation; when the first component is a beam, the second component is a bridge pier.

[0085] The elastic structural layer 2 is a rubber structural part, and the main air chamber 21 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity. In this embodiment, the main air chamber 21 is preferably conical, and the air damping vibration damping pad is a cylindrical pad, a truncated cone pad, a prismatic pad or a prism-shaped pad. In this embodiment, the air damping vibration damping pad is preferably a rectangular pad.

[0086] The closed isolation layer 4 is provided to connect the elastic structure layer 2, and grooves can be formed on the surface of the elastic structure layer 2. The closed isolation layer 4 is adhered to the elastic structure layer 2 to form the main air chamber 21, which is convenient for the processing and manufacturing of the air damping vibration reduction pad. Specifically, the closed isolation layer 4 is a TPEE structural part or a rubber structural part, and the inner wall of the throttle hole 3 is embedded with a metal ring or a hard non-metallic ring.

[0087] The use of an air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect; the damping medium is air, which has high compressibility and can therefore withstand large displacements, and the viscosity does not change much with temperature, and the performance is stable; the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 are small in size and are directly connected through the throttle hole 3, and the pressure difference transmission speed is fast, which can improve the effective frequency range of the damping; the air damping vibration-isolating pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization, and can be used for vibration reduction in rail transit such as railways and subways, as well as for seismic vibration reduction in large structures such as houses and bridges. The air damping vibration-isolating pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, the air damping vibration reduction pad described in the present invention includes a hard structure layer 1 and an elastic structure layer 2 connected thereto, and also includes a closed isolation layer 4.

[0090] The elastic structure layer 2 is provided with a plurality of main air chambers 21 arranged in an array, and the hard structure layer 1 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers 11 arranged in an array. The main air chambers 21 and the auxiliary air chambers 11 correspond one to one and are connected through a throttle hole 3. The throttle hole 3 is provided in the hard structure layer 1. The hard structure layer 1 is connected to one of the closed isolation layers 4, and the elastic structure layer 2 is connected to another closed isolation layer 4. The closed isolation layer 4 is used to connect a first component and a second component. The hard structure layer 1 and the elastic structure layer 2 are bonded or vulcanized, the hard structure layer 1 and the closed isolation layer 4 are bonded or vulcanized, the elastic structure layer 2 and the closed isolation layer 4 are bonded or vulcanized, and the closed isolation layer 4 and the first component and the second component are respectively bonded or vulcanized.

[0091] When the first component is a rail, the second component is a sleeper; when the first component is a sleeper, the second component is a ballast bed; when the first component is a ballast bed, the second component is a roadbed; when the first component is a floor structure, the second component is a foundation; when the first component is a beam, the second component is a bridge pier.

[0092] The hard structural layer 1 is a TPEE structural part, the elastic structural layer 2 is a rubber structural part, the main air chamber 21 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity, and the auxiliary air chamber 11 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity. In this embodiment, it is preferred that the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 are both conical, and the volume of the main air chamber 21 is greater than the volume of the auxiliary air chamber 11. The air damping vibration damping pad is a cylindrical pad, a truncated cone pad, a prismatic pad or a prism-shaped pad. In this embodiment, the air damping vibration damping pad is preferably a rectangular pad.

[0093] The closed isolation layer 4 is provided to connect the hard structure layer 1 or the elastic structure layer 2, and grooves can be formed on the surface of the elastic structure layer 2 and the surface of the hard structure layer 1. The closed isolation layer 4 is adhered to the elastic structure layer 2 and the hard structure layer 1 to form the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 respectively, so as to facilitate the processing and manufacturing of the air damping vibration reduction pad. Specifically, the closed isolation layer 4 is a TPEE structural part or a rubber structural part, and the inner wall of the throttle hole 3 is embedded with a metal ring or a hard non-metallic ring.

[0094] The use of an air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect; the damping medium is air, which has high compressibility and can therefore withstand large displacements, and the viscosity does not change much with temperature, and the performance is stable; the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 are small in size and are directly connected through the throttle hole 3, and the pressure difference transmission speed is fast, which can improve the effective frequency range of the damping; the air damping vibration-isolating pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization, and can be used for vibration reduction in rail transit such as railways and subways, as well as for seismic vibration reduction in large structures such as houses and bridges. The air damping vibration-isolating pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] like Figure 3 As shown, the air damping vibration reduction pad described in the present invention includes a hard structure layer 1 and two elastic structure layers 2 respectively connected to the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and also includes a closed isolation layer 4.

[0097] Each of the elastic structural layers 2 is provided with a plurality of main air chambers 21 arranged in an array, and the hard structural layer 1 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers 11 arranged in an array. The main air chambers 21 and the auxiliary air chambers 11 correspond one to one and are connected through a throttle hole 3. The throttle hole 3 is arranged in the hard structural layer 1. The two elastic structural layers 2 are respectively connected to a closed isolation layer 4, and the closed isolation layer 4 is used to connect the first component and the second component. The hard structural layer 1 and the elastic structural layer 2 are bonded or vulcanized, and the two elastic structural layers 2 are respectively bonded or vulcanized to the corresponding closed isolation layers 4, and the closed isolation layers 4 are respectively bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component.

[0098] When the first component is a rail, the second component is a sleeper; when the first component is a sleeper, the second component is a ballast bed; when the first component is a ballast bed, the second component is a roadbed; when the first component is a floor structure, the second component is a foundation; when the first component is a beam, the second component is a bridge pier.

[0099] The hard structural layer 1 is a TPEE structural part, the elastic structural layer 2 is a rubber structural part, the main air chamber 21 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity, and the auxiliary air chamber 11 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity. In this embodiment, the main air chamber 21 is preferably conical and the auxiliary air chamber 11 is spindle-shaped. For the convenience of manufacturing, the spindle-shaped auxiliary air chamber 11 can be formed by bonding two hard structural layers 1 with conical auxiliary air chambers 11. The volume of the main air chamber 21 is greater than that of the auxiliary air chamber 11. The air damping vibration damping pad is a cylindrical pad, a truncated cone pad, a prismatic pad or a prism-shaped pad. In this embodiment, the air damping vibration damping pad is preferably a rectangular pad.

[0100] The closed isolation layer 4 is provided to connect the hard structure layer 1 or the elastic structure layer 2, and grooves can be formed on the surface of the elastic structure layer 2 and the surface of the hard structure layer 1. The closed isolation layer 4 is adhered to the elastic structure layer 2 and the hard structure layer 1 to form the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 respectively, so as to facilitate the processing and manufacturing of the air damping vibration reduction pad. Specifically, the closed isolation layer 4 is a TPEE structural part or a rubber structural part, and the inner wall of the throttle hole 3 is embedded with a metal ring or a hard non-metallic ring.

[0101] The use of an air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect; the damping medium is air, which has high compressibility and can therefore withstand large displacements, and the viscosity does not change much with temperature, and the performance is stable; the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 are small in size and are directly connected through the throttle hole 3, and the pressure difference transmission speed is fast, which can improve the effective frequency range of the damping; the air damping vibration-isolating pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization, and can be used for vibration reduction in rail transit such as railways and subways, as well as for seismic vibration reduction in large structures such as houses and bridges. The air damping vibration-isolating pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] like Figure 4 As shown, the air damping vibration reduction pad described in the present invention includes an elastic structure layer 2 and two hard structure layers 1 respectively connected to the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and also includes a closed isolation layer 4.

[0104] The elastic structure layer 2 is provided with a plurality of main air chambers 21 arranged in an array, and each of the hard structure layers 1 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers 11 arranged in an array. The main air chambers 21 and the auxiliary air chambers 11 correspond one to one and are connected through a throttle hole 3. The throttle hole 3 is provided in the hard structure layer 1. The two hard structure layers 1 are respectively connected to a closed isolation layer 4, and the closed isolation layer 4 is used to connect the first component and the second component. The hard structure layer 1 and the elastic structure layer 2 are bonded or vulcanized, and the two hard structure layers 1 are respectively bonded or vulcanized to the corresponding closed isolation layers 4, and the closed isolation layers 4 are respectively bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component.

[0105] When the first component is a rail, the second component is a sleeper; when the first component is a sleeper, the second component is a ballast bed; when the first component is a ballast bed, the second component is a roadbed; when the first component is a floor structure, the second component is a foundation; when the first component is a beam, the second component is a bridge pier.

[0106] The hard structural layer 1 is a TPEE structural part, the elastic structural layer 2 is a rubber structural part, the main air chamber 21 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity, and the auxiliary air chamber 11 is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, trapezoidal or spindle-shaped cavity. In this embodiment, the auxiliary air chamber 11 is preferably conical and the main air chamber 21 is spindle-shaped. For the convenience of manufacturing, the spindle-shaped main air chamber 21 can be formed by bonding two elastic structural layers 2 with conical main air chambers 21. The volume of the main air chamber 21 is greater than that of the auxiliary air chamber 11. The air damping vibration damping pad is a cylindrical pad, a truncated cone pad, a prismatic pad or a prism-shaped pad. In this embodiment, the air damping vibration damping pad is preferably a rectangular pad.

[0107] The closed isolation layer 4 is provided to connect the hard structure layer 1 or the elastic structure layer 2, and grooves can be formed on the surface of the elastic structure layer 2 and the surface of the hard structure layer 1. The closed isolation layer 4 is adhered to the elastic structure layer 2 and the hard structure layer 1 to form the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 respectively, so as to facilitate the processing and manufacturing of the air damping vibration reduction pad. Specifically, the closed isolation layer 4 is a TPEE structural part or a rubber structural part, and the inner wall of the throttle hole 3 is embedded with a metal ring or a hard non-metallic ring.

[0108] The use of an air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention has sufficient bearing capacity and energy dissipation effect; the damping medium is air, which has high compressibility and can therefore withstand large displacements, and the viscosity does not change much with temperature, and the performance is stable; the main air chamber 21 and the auxiliary air chamber 11 are small in size and are directly connected through the throttle hole 3, and the pressure difference transmission speed is fast, which can improve the effective frequency range of the damping; the air damping vibration-isolating pad has high overall elasticity and damping utilization, and can be used for vibration reduction in rail transit such as railways and subways, as well as for seismic vibration reduction in large structures such as houses and bridges. The air damping vibration-isolating pad has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0109] Example 5

[0110] like Figure 5 As shown, the air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is different from Example 2 in that the throttling hole 3 described in this embodiment is arranged in the elastic structure layer 2, that is, the throttling hole 3 is formed by the wall of the elastic structure layer 2, and when the elastic structure layer 2 undergoes elastic deformation, the aperture of the throttling hole 3 will change. As the load increases, the aperture of the throttling hole 3 will become smaller, and the damping of the air damping vibration damping pad is enhanced with the increase or decrease of the load. Nonlinear characteristics.

[0111] Example 6

[0112] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0113] Example 7

[0114] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0117] Example 9

[0118] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0119] Example 10

[0120] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0121] Embodiment 11

[0122] like Figure 6 As shown, an air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0123] Example 12

[0124] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by horizontally splicing and parallelly arranging the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0125] Embodiment 13

[0126] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0127] Embodiment 14

[0128] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0129] Embodiment 15

[0130] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0131] Example 16

[0132] like Figure 7 As shown, an air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is formed by horizontally splicing and parallelizing the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3 and the air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4 to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0133] Embodiment 17

[0134] The air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention is formed by stacking and serially arranging at least two air damping vibration-isolating pads described in Embodiment 1 to form a composite air damping vibration-isolating pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-isolating pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0135] Embodiment 18

[0136] The air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention is formed by stacking and serially arranging at least two air damping vibration-isolating pads described in Embodiment 2 to form a composite air damping vibration-isolating pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-isolating pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0137] Embodiment 19

[0138] The air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention is formed by stacking and serially arranging at least two air damping vibration-isolating pads described in Embodiment 3 to form a composite air damping vibration-isolating pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-isolating pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0139] Embodiment 20

[0140] The air damping vibration-isolating pad described in the present invention is formed by stacking and serially arranging at least two air damping vibration-isolating pads described in Embodiment 4 to form a composite air damping vibration-isolating pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration-isolating pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0141] Embodiment 21

[0142] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1 and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0143] Embodiment 22

[0144] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1 and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0145] Embodiment 23

[0146] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1 and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0147] Embodiment 24

[0148] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2 and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0149] Embodiment 25

[0150] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2 and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0151] Embodiment 26

[0152] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3 and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0153] Embodiment 27

[0154] like Figure 8 As shown, an air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is composed of at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3 which are stacked and arranged in series to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0155] Embodiment 28

[0156] like Fig. 9 As shown, an air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is composed of at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, which are stacked and arranged in series to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0157] Embodiment 29

[0158] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and have a wide range of applications.

[0159] Embodiment 30

[0160] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and have a wide range of applications.

[0161] Embodiment 31

[0162] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is a composite air damping vibration damping pad formed by stacking and serially arranging at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 1, at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 2, at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 3, and at least one air damping vibration damping pad described in Example 4, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and have a wide range of applications.

[0163] Embodiment 32

[0164] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is an air damping vibration damping pad of any one of Examples 6 to 16, with at least two of each type stacked in series to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0165] Embodiment 33

[0166] The air damping vibration damping pad described in the present invention is composed of at least two of the air damping vibration damping pads described in Examples 6 to 16, with at least one of each type stacked in series to form a composite air damping vibration damping pad, which is convenient for adjusting the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration damping pad and has a wide range of applications.

[0167] Embodiment 34

[0168] like Fig.10 As shown, a composite damping vibration absorber described in the present invention includes two relatively arranged structural plates 6, and a plurality of steel springs 5 ​​and at least one air damping vibration pad as described in any one of Examples 1 to 33 are arranged between the two structural plates 6. Specifically, all the steel springs 5 ​​are evenly distributed, and the structural plates 6 are steel plates.

[0169] One of the structural plates 6 is used to connect the third component, and the other structural plate 6 is used to connect the fourth component. When the third component is a rail, the fourth component is a sleeper. When the third component is a sleeper, the fourth component is a ballast. When the third component is a ballast, the fourth component is a roadbed. When the third component is a floor structure, the fourth component is a foundation. When the third component is a beam, the fourth component is a bridge pier.

[0170] By using the composite damping shock absorber described in the present invention, a plurality of the air damping vibration-absorbing pads are superimposed and connected in parallel with the steel springs to form a composite damping shock absorber, the problem of poor damping performance of the steel spring-shock absorber is solved, and the overall elasticity and damping utilization rate of the shock absorber are improved. The composite damping shock absorber has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is easy to promote.

[0171] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air damping vibration reduction pad, characterized in that: Including Type B, Type C or Type D; The air damping vibration reduction pad of type B comprises a hard structure layer (1) and an elastic structure layer (2) connected thereto, wherein the elastic structure layer (2) is provided with a plurality of main air chambers (21) arranged in an array, and the hard structure layer (1) is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers (11) arranged in an array, wherein the main air chambers (21) and the auxiliary air chambers (11) correspond to each other one by one and are connected via a throttle hole (3), wherein the throttle hole (3) is provided in the hard structure layer (1) or in the elastic structure layer (2), wherein the hard structure layer (1) is used to connect a first component, and the elastic structure layer (2) is used to connect a second component; The air damping vibration reduction pad of type C comprises a hard structure layer (1) and two elastic structure layers (2) connected to the upper and lower surfaces thereof respectively, each of the elastic structure layers (2) is provided with a plurality of main air chambers (21) arranged in an array, the hard structure layer (1) is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers (11) arranged in an array, the main air chambers (21) and the auxiliary air chambers (11) correspond to each other one by one and are connected through a throttle hole (3), the throttle hole (3) is provided in the hard structure layer (1) or in the elastic structure layer (2), and the two elastic structure layers (2) are used to connect the first component and the second component respectively; The air damping vibration reduction pad of type D comprises an elastic structure layer (2) and two hard structure layers (1) connected to the upper and lower surfaces thereof respectively, wherein the elastic structure layer (2) is provided with a plurality of main air chambers (21) arranged in an array, and each of the hard structure layers (1) is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air chambers (11) arranged in an array, wherein the main air chambers (21) and the auxiliary air chambers (11) correspond to each other one by one and are connected through a throttle hole (3), wherein the throttle hole (3) is provided in the hard structure layer (1) or in the elastic structure layer (2), and the two hard structure layers (1) are used to connect the first component and the second component respectively; In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, the elastic structural layer (2) is a rubber structural member, and the main air chamber (21) is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, conical or spindle-shaped cavity.

2. The air damping pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a closed isolation layer (4); In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, the closed isolation layer (4) is connected between the hard structure layer (1) and the first component, and / or between the elastic structure layer (2) and the second component, and the closed isolation layer (4) is used to seal the main air chamber (21) and / or the auxiliary air chamber (11); In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type C, the closed isolation layer (4) is connected between the elastic structure layer (2) adjacent to the first component and the first component, and / or connected between the elastic structure layer (2) adjacent to the second component and the second component, and the closed isolation layer (4) is used to seal the main air chamber (21); In the D-type air damping vibration reduction pad, the closed isolation layer (4) is connected between the hard structure layer (1) adjacent to the first component and the first component, and / or connected between the hard structure layer (1) adjacent to the second component and the second component, and the closed isolation layer (4) is used to seal the auxiliary air chamber (11).

3. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, the hard structure layer (1) and the elastic structure layer (2) are bonded or vulcanized, the hard structure layer (1) and the first component are bonded or vulcanized, and the elastic structure layer (2) and the second component are bonded or vulcanized; In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type C, the hard structure layer (1) and the elastic structure layer (2) are bonded or vulcanized, and the elastic structure layer (2) is bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component respectively; In the D-type air damping vibration reduction pad, the hard structure layer (1) and the elastic structure layer (2) are bonded or vulcanized, and the hard structure layer (1) is respectively bonded or vulcanized to the first component and the second component.

4. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, the auxiliary air chamber (11) is a cylindrical, spherical, ellipsoidal, conical, conical or spindle-shaped cavity.

5. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air damping vibration reduction pad is a cylindrical pad, a truncated cone pad, a prism pad or a prism-shaped pad.

6. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, the hard structural layer (1) is a TPEE structural part.

7. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the air damping vibration reduction pad of type B, type C or type D, a metal ring or a hard non-metallic ring is embedded in the inner wall of the throttle hole (3).

8. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: At least two of the B type, C type, and D type are arranged in transverse parallel connection.

9. The air damping vibration reduction pad according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: At least one of the B type, C type, and D type is arranged in series longitudinally.

10. A composite damping shock absorber, characterized in that: It comprises two structural plates (6) arranged opposite to each other, between which at least one steel spring (5) and at least one air damping vibration reduction pad as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 are arranged.

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