A small rice and wheat comprehensive test bench for scientific research and its measurement method

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive test bench for scientific research and a determination method thereof. The outlet of the ear threshing mechanism is connected with the inlet of the full and barren separation mechanism; the outlet of the full and barren separation mechanism is connected with the inlet of the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism is provided with two outlets, each connected with the inlet of a photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device; the central control system is electrically connected with the ear threshing mechanism, the full and barren separation mechanism, the conveying mechanism, the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device, and the bulk density grain weight determination device. Beneficial effect: threshing, full and barren separation, counting, and weighing are completed at one time during seed testing, and data results such as the number of full grains, the number of barren grains, the fruiting rate, the bulk density, and the grain weight can be output on the display screen, or directly transmitted to a printer for printing, or an Excel spreadsheet file is generated, and the results can be stored in a hard disk, thereby improving the work efficiency and accuracy of seed testing data collection and improving the work efficiency of seed testing operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research and a testing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Determining the number of grains, thousand-grain weight, fruit set rate and other indicators of crops (this process is called "seed testing" in the industry, hereinafter referred to as "seed testing") is an important link in agricultural scientific research. It is mainly based on the type of crop traits, variety information, etc., to select excellent varieties and increase crop yields; or to obtain data from different test treatments and screen out the best treatment. After the rice and wheat test samples are harvested, the plant height, ear length, and number of ears are measured first, and then the rice and wheat ears are threshed and air-selected to separate the full grains from the barren grains. The grains are counted manually, weighed on a balance, and the grain weight and fruit set rate and other indicators are calculated to provide data for writing test reports or papers. At present, there is no comprehensive test bench dedicated to seed testing. In most cases, it is operated manually, which is slow and inefficient, and also affects the quality of work. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research and its measuring method, which can complete threshing, separation of full and barren grains, counting and weighing at one time during seed testing, can output data results such as the number of full grains, the number of barren grains, the fruit setting rate, the bulk density, the grain weight, etc. on a display screen, and can store the results in a computer hard disk, thereby greatly improving the work efficiency and accuracy of seed testing data collection and greatly improving the work efficiency of seed testing operations.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention discloses a small-sized rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research, comprising an ear threshing mechanism, a full and barren separation mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device, a bulk density grain weight measuring device, a central control system and a shell mechanism, wherein: an outlet of the ear threshing mechanism is fitted and connected with an inlet of the full and barren separation mechanism; an outlet of the full and barren separation mechanism is fitted and connected with an inlet of the conveying mechanism; two outlets of the conveying mechanism are provided, each of which is fitted and connected with an inlet of the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device; the ear threshing mechanism, the full and barren separation mechanism, the conveying mechanism, the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device and the bulk density grain weight measuring device are respectively fixedly connected with the shell mechanism; and the central control system is respectively electrically connected with the ear threshing mechanism, the full and barren separation mechanism, the conveying mechanism, the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device and the bulk density grain weight measuring device.

[0006] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive test bench for scientific research, wherein: the ear threshing mechanism includes a threshing bin, a threshing roller, a bottom screen, a wind separation mechanism, a wheat ear inlet, a branch outlet, a wheat husk outlet, a wheat grain outlet, and a power mechanism; the threshing roller is movably connected to the inside of the threshing bin, and the bottom screen is equipped and connected to the bottom of the threshing roller; the threshing roller is a round roller with spiral blades and a plurality of vertical rods on the outer circumference; a wind separation mechanism is arranged below the bottom screen, and the air outlet of the wind separation mechanism points to the position between the threshing roller and the bottom screen; the wheat ear inlet and the branch outlet are respectively arranged at the positions above the threshing bin near the two ends of the threshing roller, the wheat husk outlet is arranged at the position where the air outlet of the wind separation mechanism on the threshing bin points to the threshing bin, the position directly below the bottom screen inside the threshing bin is arranged as an inclined surface, and the wheat grain outlet is arranged at the lower end of the inclined surface; the power mechanism is respectively equipped and connected to the threshing roller and the wind separation mechanism to provide power for them.

[0007] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive test bench for scientific research, wherein: the full and barren separation mechanism includes a separation bin, a feed inlet, a seed leveling disc, a feed baffle, an air separation fan, a separation baffle, a full grain outlet, and a barren grain outlet; the separation bin is a rectangular hollow cavity, on the top of which is provided a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is connected with the wheat grain outlet; the interior of the separation bin is fixedly connected with a seed leveling disc and a feed baffle at a position below the feed inlet; the seed leveling disc and the feed baffle are respectively fixedly connected to the separation bin at an inclined manner, the seed leveling disc and the plane where the feed inlet is located are at an acute angle, and the feed baffle is connected to the plane where the feed inlet is located. The plane forms an obtuse angle, and the lowest point of the feed baffle is located near the seeding disk; the air separation fan is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the separation bin, and its air outlet duct points to the position directly below the lowest point of the seeding disk; a separation baffle is provided at the rear position of the end of the air outlet duct of the air separation fan, and the separation baffle is fixedly connected to the separation bin; the full grain outlet and the empty grain outlet are both provided on the lower surface of the separation bin and are connected to the internal cavity of the separation bin, the full grain outlet and the empty grain outlet are respectively located on both sides of the separation baffle, and the full grain outlet is located between the seeding disk and the separation baffle.

[0008] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research, wherein: the conveying mechanism includes a full grain conveyor belt and a barren grain conveyor belt; the feed end of the full grain conveyor belt is located directly below the full grain outlet, and the feed end of the barren grain conveyor belt is located directly below the barren grain outlet; the discharge ends of the full grain conveyor belt and the barren grain conveyor belt are respectively equipped and connected with a photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device.

[0009] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive test bench for scientific research, wherein: the outer shell mechanism includes a packaging shell, an inspection door, a ventilation grille and a storage bin for a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the ear threshing mechanism, the full and barren separation mechanism, and the conveying mechanism are all fixedly connected in the internal cavity of the packaging shell, and the wheat ear inlet, the branch stalk outlet, the wheat husk outlet, the air separation fan and the conveying mechanism extend from the internal cavity of the packaging shell to the outside respectively; the packaging shell is provided with an inspection door, a ventilation grille and a storage bin for a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the bulk density grain weight measuring device is placed in the storage bin for the bulk density grain weight measuring device.

[0010] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research, wherein: the central control system is a microcomputer; the central control system is connected to the ear threshing mechanism, the full and barren separation mechanism and the conveying mechanism in a one-way communication manner to control their start and stop; the central control system is connected to the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device and the bulk density grain weight determination device in a two-way communication manner to control their start and stop and receive data; the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device is a photographic grain counter or a photoelectric automatic grain counter.

[0011] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research, wherein: the power mechanism includes a motor, a double-groove rotor and a fan rotor, the end of the threshing roller away from the wheat ear entrance is coaxially fixedly connected to the double-groove rotor, the double-groove rotor is respectively connected to the output end of the motor and the fan rotor by belts, and the fan rotor is connected to the wind separation mechanism.

[0012] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research, wherein: the seed leveling disk is disk-shaped, and a plurality of inverted V-shaped through grooves are arranged on its upper surface; the separation baffle is composed of an upper baffle and a lower baffle, and the upper baffle and the lower baffle are respectively bent into an inclined surface at adjacent positions, and the two inclined surfaces form an upward oblique channel, which is located on the path in the direction of the air outlet duct of the air separation fan.

[0013] A small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing method for scientific research comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1: removing impurities and threshing;

[0015] S2: Separation of full grains and empty grains. If the grains are full, go to step 3; otherwise, go to step 4.

[0016] S3: Full grain transportation, after transportation, execute step 5;

[0017] S4: conveying the unripe grains, and then executing step 6;

[0018] S5: Scan and count the full grains, and then execute step 7;

[0019] S6: Scan and count the unripe grains, and then execute step 8;

[0020] S7: Determination of bulk density and grain weight:

[0021] S8: Process the data of steps 5, 6, and 7;

[0022] S9: Data storage and output.

[0023] The above-mentioned small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing method for scientific research is characterized in that: in the step 1, the impurity removal and threshing process is performed by the ear threshing mechanism, step 2 is performed by the full and barren separation mechanism, steps 3 and 4 are performed by the conveying mechanism, steps 5 and 6 are respectively performed by two photoelectric colorimetric grain counting devices, and step 7 is performed by a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the data processing of the step 8 is performed by a microcomputer, and the microcomputer is equipped with a processing program to record and calculate the data obtained in steps 5, 6, and 7, and then execute step 9 to store and output the calculated results.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are that threshing, separation of full and barren grains, counting and weighing can be completed at one time during seed testing, and data results such as the number of full grains, the number of barren grains, the full rate, the bulk density, the grain weight, etc. can be output on a display screen, and the results can be stored in a hard disk, thereby greatly improving the work efficiency and accuracy of seed testing data collection and greatly improving the work efficiency of seed testing operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 : The front view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 : A second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 : A third three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the ear threshing mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 : Another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the ear threshing mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the ear threshing mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 : A schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the ear threshing mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 : A three-dimensional structural diagram of the full and barren separation mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 : A schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the full and empty separation mechanism of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.12 : A cross-sectional view of the full and empty separation mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.13 : Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the photoelectric colorimetric particle counting device of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.14 : Flowchart of the present invention;

[0039] In the figure: 1-ear threshing mechanism, 2-full and barren separation mechanism, 3-conveying mechanism, 4-photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device, 5-bulk weight measuring device, 6-central control system, 7-housing mechanism, 11-threshing bin, 12-threshing roller, 13-bottom screen, 14-wind separation mechanism, 15-wheat ear inlet, 16-branch outlet, 17-wheat husk outlet, 18-wheat grain outlet, 19-power mechanism, 21-separation bin, 22-feeding port, 23-seedling disk, 24-feeding baffle, 25-wind selection fan, 26-separation baffle, 27-full grain outlet, 28-barren grain outlet, 31-full grain conveyor belt, 32-barren grain conveyor belt, 71-encapsulation shell, 72-inspection door, 73-ventilation grille, 74-bulk weight measuring device storage bin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0041] Example: Figure 1-14As shown, a small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive test bench for scientific research includes an ear threshing mechanism 1, a full and barren separation mechanism 2, a conveying mechanism 3, a photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4, a bulk density grain weight measuring device 5, a central control system 6 and a shell mechanism 7, wherein: the outlet of the ear threshing mechanism 1 is fitted and connected with the inlet of the full and barren separation mechanism 2; the outlet of the full and barren separation mechanism 2 is fitted and connected with the inlet of the conveying mechanism 3; the conveying mechanism 3 is provided with two outlets, which are respectively fitted and connected with an inlet of the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4; the ear threshing mechanism 1, the full and barren separation mechanism 2, the conveying mechanism 3, the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4, and the bulk density grain weight measuring device 5 are respectively fixedly connected with the shell mechanism 7; the central control system 6 is respectively electrically connected with the ear threshing mechanism 1, the full and barren separation mechanism 2, the conveying mechanism 3, the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4, and the bulk density grain weight measuring device 5; wherein: the ear threshing mechanism 1 includes a threshing bin 11, a threshing roller 12, a bottom screen 13, and a wind separation mechanism 1 4. A wheat ear inlet 15, a branch outlet 16, a wheat husk outlet 17, a wheat grain outlet 18, and a power mechanism 19; the threshing roller 12 is movably connected to the inside of the threshing bin 11, and a bottom screen 13 is connected to the bottom of the threshing roller 12; the threshing roller 12 is a round roller with spiral blades and a plurality of vertical rods on the outer circumference; a wind separation mechanism 14 is arranged below the bottom screen 13, and an air outlet of the wind separation mechanism 14 points to a position between the threshing roller 12 and the bottom screen 13; a wheat ear inlet 15 and a branch outlet 16 are arranged above the threshing bin 11 near the two ends of the threshing roller 12, a wheat husk outlet 17 is arranged at a position where the air outlet of the wind separation mechanism 14 on the threshing bin 11 points to the threshing bin 11, and an inclined surface is arranged at a position directly below the bottom screen 13 inside the threshing bin 11, and a wheat grain outlet 18 is arranged at a lower end of the inclined surface; the power mechanism 19 is respectively connected to the threshing roller 12 and the wind separation mechanism 14 to provide power therefor.

[0042] The full and barren grain separation mechanism 2 includes a separation bin 21, a feed inlet 22, a seed leveling disc 23, a feed baffle 24, an air separation fan 25, a separation baffle 26, a full grain outlet 27, and a barren grain outlet 28; the separation bin 21 is a rectangular hollow body, on the top of which is provided a feed inlet 22, which is assembled and connected with the grain outlet 18; the interior of the separation bin 21 is fixedly connected with a seed leveling disc 23 and a feed baffle 24 at a position below the feed inlet 22; the seed leveling disc 23 and the feed baffle 24 are respectively fixedly connected to the separation bin 21 at an inclined manner, the seed leveling disc 23 and the plane where the feed inlet 22 are located are at an acute angle, and the feed baffle 24 and the plane where the feed inlet 22 are located are at an obtuse angle. The angle of the angle is 0.04, and the lowest point of the feed baffle 24 is located near the seeding disk 23; the air separation fan 25 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the separation bin 21, and its air outlet duct points to the position directly below the lowest point of the seeding disk 23; a separation baffle 26 is provided at the rear position of the end of the air outlet duct of the air separation fan 25, and the separation baffle 26 is fixedly connected to the separation bin 21; the full grain outlet 27 and the empty grain outlet 28 are both provided on the lower surface of the separation bin 21, and are connected to the internal cavity of the separation bin 21, the full grain outlet 27 and the empty grain outlet 28 are respectively located on both sides of the separation baffle 26, and the full grain outlet 27 is located between the seeding disk 23 and the separation baffle 26.

[0043] Wherein: the conveying mechanism 3 includes a full particle conveyor belt 31 and a barren particle conveyor belt 32; the feed end of the full particle conveyor belt 31 is located directly below the full particle outlet 27, and the feed end of the barren particle conveyor belt 32 is located directly below the barren particle outlet 28; the discharge ends of the full particle conveyor belt 31 and the barren particle conveyor belt 32 are respectively equipped and connected with a photoelectric colorimetric particle counting device 4.

[0044] Among them: the outer shell mechanism 7 includes a packaging shell 71, an inspection door 72, a ventilation grille 73 and a storage bin 74 for a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the ear threshing mechanism 1, the full and barren separation mechanism 2, and the conveying mechanism 3 are all fixedly connected in the internal cavity of the packaging shell 71, and the wheat ear inlet 15, the branch stalk outlet 16, the wheat husk outlet 17, the air separation fan 25 and the conveying mechanism 3 extend from the internal cavity of the packaging shell 71 to the outside respectively; the packaging shell 71 is provided with an inspection door 72, a ventilation grille 73 and a storage bin 74 for a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the bulk density grain weight measuring device 5 is placed in the storage bin 74 for the bulk density grain weight measuring device.

[0045] Among them: the central control system 6 is a microcomputer; the central control system 6 is connected to the ear threshing mechanism 1, the full and barren separation mechanism 2 and the conveying mechanism 3 in a one-way communication manner, so as to control their start and stop; the central control system 6 is connected to the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4 and the bulk density grain weight determination device 5 in a two-way communication manner, so as to control their start and stop and receive data; the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4 is a photographic grain counter or a photoelectric automatic grain counter.

[0046] Among them: the power mechanism 19 includes a motor, a double-grooved rotor and a fan rotor, the end of the threshing roller 12 away from the wheat ear entrance 15 is coaxially fixedly connected to the double-grooved rotor, the double-grooved rotor is respectively connected to the output end of the motor and the fan rotor by belts, and the fan rotor is connected to the wind separation mechanism 14.

[0047] Among them: the seeding disk 23 is disk-shaped, and a plurality of inverted V-shaped through grooves are arranged on its upper surface; the separation baffle 26 is composed of an upper baffle and a lower baffle, and the adjacent positions of the upper baffle and the lower baffle are respectively bent into an inclined surface, and the two inclined surfaces form an upward oblique channel, which is located on the path in the direction of the air outlet duct of the air selection fan 25.

[0048] A small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing method for scientific research comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1: removing impurities and threshing;

[0050] S2: Separation of full grains and empty grains. If the grains are full, go to step 3; otherwise, go to step 4.

[0051] S3: Full grain transportation, after transportation, execute step 5;

[0052] S4: conveying the unripe grains, and then executing step 6;

[0053] S5: Scan and count the full grains, and then execute step 7;

[0054] S6: Scan and count the unripe grains, and then execute step 8;

[0055] S7: Determination of bulk density and grain weight:

[0056] S8: Process the data of steps 5, 6, and 7;

[0057] S9: Data storage and output.

[0058] In step 1, the impurity removal and threshing process is performed by the ear threshing mechanism, step 2 is performed by the above-mentioned full and barren separation mechanism, steps 3 and 4 are performed by the above-mentioned conveying mechanism, steps 5 and 6 are respectively performed by the two above-mentioned photoelectric colorimetric grain counting devices, and step 7 is performed by the above-mentioned bulk density grain weight measuring device; the data processing of step 8 is performed by a microcomputer, and the microcomputer is equipped with a processing program to record and calculate the data obtained in steps 5, 6, and 7, and then execute step 9 to store and output the calculated results.

[0059] When testing seeds, first pinch off the ears whose plant height, ear length and ear number have been measured, put them into the ear threshing mechanism 1 for threshing, and then enter the full and barren grains separation mechanism 2 to separate the full grains from the barren grains, and clean out the branches and stalks. Then the full grains and barren grains enter the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device 4 through the conveying mechanism 3 for scanning and counting. After the counting is completed, the full grains enter the bulk density grain weight measuring device 5 for measurement, and finally the data is transmitted to the central control system 6 for processing and stored in the hard disk file. The data can be output on the display screen or directly transmitted to the printer for printing or generating an Excel spreadsheet file.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research, comprising an ear threshing mechanism (1), a full and barren separation mechanism (2), a conveying mechanism (3), a photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device (4), a bulk density grain weight measuring device (5), a central control system (6) and a shell mechanism (7), characterized in that: The outlet of the ear threshing mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of the full and barren separation mechanism (2); the outlet of the full and barren separation mechanism (2) is connected to the inlet of the conveying mechanism (3); the conveying mechanism (3) is provided with two outlets, each of which is connected to the inlet of a photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device (4); the ear threshing mechanism (1), the full and barren separation mechanism (2), the conveying mechanism (3), the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device (4), and the bulk density grain weight measuring device (5) are respectively fixedly connected to the housing mechanism (7); the central control system (6) is respectively electrically connected to the ear threshing mechanism (1), the full and barren separation mechanism (2), the conveying mechanism (3), the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device (4), and the bulk density grain weight measuring device (5); The ear threshing mechanism (1) comprises a threshing bin (11), a threshing roller (12), a bottom screen (13), a wind separation mechanism (14), a wheat ear inlet (15), a branch outlet (16), a wheat husk outlet (17), a wheat grain outlet (18), and a power mechanism (19); the threshing roller (12) is movably connected to the inside of the threshing bin (11), and the bottom screen (13) is connected to the threshing roller (12); the threshing roller (12) is a round roller with spiral blades and a plurality of vertical rods on its outer peripheral surface; the wind separation mechanism (14) is arranged below the bottom screen (13), and the air outlet of the wind separation mechanism (14) points to the threshing bin (11). The threshing bin (11) is provided with a position between the threshing roller (12) and the bottom screen (13); a wheat ear inlet (15) and a branch outlet (16) are respectively provided at positions above the threshing bin (11) and near the two ends of the threshing roller (12); a wheat husk outlet (17) is provided at a position where the air outlet of the wind separation mechanism (14) on the threshing bin (11) points toward the threshing bin (11); an inclined surface is provided at a position directly below the bottom screen (13) inside the threshing bin (11); a wheat grain outlet (18) is provided at the lower end of the inclined surface; the power mechanism (19) is respectively connected to the threshing roller (12) and the wind separation mechanism (14) to provide power therefor; The full and barren grain separation mechanism (2) comprises a separation bin (21), a feed inlet (22), a seed leveling disc (23), a feed baffle (24), an air separation blower (25), a separation baffle (26), a full grain outlet (27), and a barren grain outlet (28); the separation bin (21) is a rectangular hollow body, with a feed inlet (22) arranged on the top, and the feed inlet (22) is assembled and connected to the grain outlet (18); the separation bin (21) is fixedly connected with a seed leveling disc (23) and a feed baffle (24) at a position below the feed inlet (22); the seed leveling disc (23) and the feed baffle (24) are respectively fixedly connected to the separation bin (21) in an inclined manner, the seed leveling disc (23) and the plane where the feed inlet (22) are located form an acute angle, and the feed baffle (24) and the plane where the feed inlet (22) are located form an acute angle. The plane forms an obtuse angle, and the lowest point of the feed baffle (24) is located near the seed leveling disk (23); the air separation fan (25) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the separation bin (21), and its air outlet duct points to the position directly below the lowest point of the seed leveling disk (23); a separation baffle (26) is provided at the rear position of the end of the air outlet duct of the air separation fan (25), and the separation baffle (26) is fixedly connected to the separation bin (21); the full grain outlet (27) and the unripe grain outlet (28) are both provided on the lower surface of the separation bin (21), and are communicated with the internal cavity of the separation bin (21), the full grain outlet (27) and the unripe grain outlet (28) are respectively located on both sides of the separation baffle (26), and the full grain outlet (27) is located between the seed leveling disk (23) and the separation baffle (26); The conveying mechanism (3) comprises a full-grain conveyor belt (31) and a barren-grain conveyor belt (32); the feed end of the full-grain conveyor belt (31) is located directly below the full-grain outlet (27), and the feed end of the barren-grain conveyor belt (32) is located directly below the barren-grain outlet (28); the discharge ends of the full-grain conveyor belt (31) and the barren-grain conveyor belt (32) are respectively connected to a photoelectric colorimetric particle counting device (4); The central control system (6) is a microcomputer; the central control system (6) is connected to the ear threshing mechanism (1), the full and barren separation mechanism (2) and the conveying mechanism (3) in a one-way communication manner, and is used to control the start and stop of the same; the central control system (6) is connected to the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device (4) and the bulk density grain weight determination device (5) in a two-way communication manner, and is used to control the start and stop of the same and receive data; the photoelectric colorimetric grain counting device (4) is a photographic grain counting device or a photoelectric automatic grain counting device.

2. A small rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The shell mechanism (7) comprises a packaging shell (71), an inspection door (72), a ventilation grille (73) and a storage bin (74) for a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the ear threshing mechanism (1), the full and barren separation mechanism (2) and the conveying mechanism (3) are all fixedly connected to the internal cavity of the packaging shell (71); the wheat ear inlet (15), the branch stalk outlet (16), the wheat husk outlet (17), the air separation fan (25) and the conveying mechanism (3) extend from the internal cavity of the packaging shell (71) to the outside; the packaging shell (71) is provided with an inspection door (72), a ventilation grille (73) and a storage bin (74) for a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the bulk density grain weight measuring device (5) is placed in the storage bin (74) for the bulk density grain weight measuring device.

3. A small rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power mechanism (19) comprises a motor, a double-grooved rotor and a fan rotor; the end of the threshing roller (12) away from the wheat ear entrance (15) is coaxially fixedly connected to the double-grooved rotor; the double-grooved rotor is respectively connected to the output end of the motor and the fan rotor by belts; and the fan rotor is connected to the wind separation mechanism (14).

4. A small rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The seed distribution plate (23) is in the shape of a plate, and is provided with a plurality of inverted V-shaped through grooves on its upper surface; the separation baffle (26) is composed of an upper baffle and a lower baffle, and the upper baffle and the lower baffle are respectively bent into an inclined surface at adjacent positions, and the two inclined surfaces form an upward oblique channel, and the channel is located on the path in the direction of the air outlet duct of the air separation fan (25).

5. A method for comprehensive testing of small-scale rice and wheat for scientific research using a small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing platform for scientific research as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: removing impurities and threshing; S2: Separation of full grains and empty grains. If the grains are full, go to step 3; otherwise, go to step 4. S3: Full grain transportation, after transportation, execute step 5; S4: conveying the unripe grains, and then executing step 6; S5: Scan and count the full grains, and then execute step 7; S6: Scan and count the unripe grains, and then execute step 8; S7: Determination of bulk density and grain weight; S8: Process the data of steps 5, 6, and 7; S9: Data storage and output.

6. A small-scale rice and wheat comprehensive testing method for scientific research as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In S1, the impurity removal and threshing process is executed by the ear threshing mechanism, S2 is executed by the full and barren separation mechanism, S3 and S4 are executed by the conveying mechanism, S5 and S6 are respectively executed by two photoelectric colorimetric grain counting devices, and S7 is executed by a bulk density grain weight measuring device; the data processing of S8 is executed by a microcomputer, and the microcomputer is equipped with a processing program to record and calculate the data obtained from S5, S6, and S7, and then execute S9 to store and output the calculated results.

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