Pull-type reaming device, drilling and reaming tool, and drilling and reaming method

Abstract

The present invention relates to drilling technology, and discloses a pull-up reaming device, a drilling reaming tool, and a drilling reaming method. The pull-up reaming device comprises a body (1), a reaming unit (2) for reaming, and an execution unit (3) for controlling the action of the reaming unit; the body comprises a first end for connecting a drill bit, a second end for connecting a drill string, and a receiving chamber; the execution unit comprises a cone for expanding the reaming unit received in the receiving chamber (11); the reaming unit comprises a reaming blade with a cutting direction from the drill bit to the drill string; the first end of the reaming blade is fixed to the body, and the second end of the reaming blade is received in the receiving chamber in the drilling state and extends out of the receiving chamber in the reaming state. The present application adopts a pull-up method from the drill bit to the drill string to reame, and has a simple structure, convenient use, reliable operation, and high work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, and in particular to a pull-type reaming device, a drilling and reaming tool and a drilling and reaming method. Background Art

[0002] During the drilling process, the borehole tends to shrink in diameter as the drilling depth increases. Ordinary drilling tools are very likely to get stuck, which seriously affects the drilling efficiency. Therefore, the borehole must be expanded to increase the diameter of the borehole, which is conducive to continued drilling. The current drilling-while-drilling reaming technology that uses drilling-while-drilling tools to expand the hole while drilling comprehensively mostly uses pressurized reaming. The so-called pressurized reaming means that when expanding the hole, the drill bit is pressed against the bottom of the hole, and the reaming tool expands the hole from the direction of the drill string toward the drill bit; in this way, since the reaming tool needs to be given a force from the drill string to the drill bit to achieve reaming, this can easily cause the bottom of the hole to be further compacted, affecting the next step of drilling. In order to improve this situation, a new reaming device has been developed, which can avoid the problem of compaction of the bottom of the hole caused by pressurized reaming, thereby affecting work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of compaction of the well bottom and thus affecting work efficiency caused by using a pressurized reaming device for reaming in the prior art, and to provide a pull-type reaming device. The pull-type reaming device avoids the situation in which the drill bit is pressed against the well bottom during reaming from the drill string to the drill bit, causing the well bottom to be compacted and affecting the drilling again. The device has a simple structure, is easy to use, works reliably and has high work efficiency.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a pull-up reaming device on one hand, which includes a body, a reaming unit for reaming and an execution unit for controlling the action of the reaming unit; the body includes a first end for connecting a drill bit, a second end for connecting a drill string and an accommodating cavity; the execution unit includes a cone accommodated in the accommodating cavity for expanding the reaming unit; the reaming unit includes a reaming blade with a cutting direction from the drill bit to the drill string; the first end of the reaming blade is fixed to the body, and the second end of the reaming blade is configured to be accommodated in the accommodating cavity in the drilling state and extend out of the accommodating cavity in the reaming state.

[0005] Furthermore, the pull-type reaming device also includes a limiting unit for limiting the expansion degree of the reaming blade.

[0006] Furthermore, the execution unit includes a connecting rod fixedly connected to the cone; the limiting unit includes a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion that are engaged with each other; the first limiting portion includes a protrusion formed on one of the connecting rod and the main body; the second limiting portion includes a groove formed on the other of the main body and the connecting rod and matching with the protrusion.

[0007] Furthermore, the protrusion is provided as one, and the groove is provided as a plurality of grooves arranged along the axial direction of the connecting rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the protrusion and the groove are both annular structures coaxial with the rotation center line of the connecting rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the pull-type reaming device also includes a sleeve structure fixed on the main body, circumferentially fixed to the connecting rod and capable of axially sliding with the connecting rod when the reaming blade is expanded; the sleeve structure and the connecting rod are fixedly connected in a working state.

[0010] Furthermore, the lifting and pulling reaming device includes a locking unit for fixing the connecting rod and the sleeve structure together.

[0011] Furthermore, the locking unit includes a locking pin, one end of which penetrates the side wall of the sleeve structure from the outside of the sleeve structure and enters the connecting rod, and the other end of the locking pin is retained outside the side wall of the sleeve structure or inside the side wall of the sleeve structure.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a drilling and reaming tool, wherein the drilling and reaming tool comprises the above-mentioned lifting and reaming device.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides a drilling and reaming method, which uses the drilling and reaming tool described above, and in the reaming state, the drilling and reaming tool is moved in the direction from the drill bit to the drill string to achieve reaming.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, the first end of the reaming blade of the reaming unit with the cutting direction from the drill bit to the drill string is fixed on the body, the second end of the reaming blade is accommodated in the accommodating cavity in the drilling state and extends out of the accommodating cavity in the reaming state, and the expansion degree of the reaming blade is controlled by the execution unit. When reaming, the reaming is performed by pulling from the drill bit to the drill string, avoiding the situation that the bottom of the well is compacted and affects the drilling again due to the drill bit being pressed and held at the bottom of the well. The pull-type reaming device has a simple structure, is easy to use, works reliably, and has high working efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the present invention.

[0016] Description of Reference Numerals

[0017] 1-main body; 11-accommodating chamber; 13-positioning sleeve; 14-non-rotating shell; 15-straightening sleeve; 16-sealing ring; 2-eye-reaming unit; 21-eye-reaming blade; 3-actuator unit; 31-cone; 32-connecting rod; 4-limiting unit; 12-sleeve structure; 5-locking unit; 51-locking pin; 6-first joint; 7-second joint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "away from", "towards", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", and "right" correspond to the directions or positional relationships actually used; "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself; they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0019] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1A pull-type reaming device is shown, the pull-type reaming device comprises a body 1, a reaming unit 2 for reaming, and an execution unit 3 for controlling the action of the reaming unit 2; the body 1 comprises a first end for connecting a drill bit, a second end for connecting a drill string, and an accommodating chamber 11; the execution unit 3 comprises a cone 31 for expanding the reaming unit 2 accommodated in the accommodating chamber 11; the reaming unit 2 comprises a reaming blade 21 with a cutting direction from the drill bit to the drill string; the first end of the reaming blade 21 is fixed to the body 1, and the second end of the reaming blade 21 is accommodated in the accommodating chamber 11 in the drilling state and extends out of the accommodating chamber 11 in the reaming state. Further preferably, the first end of the reaming blade 21 is fixed to the body 1 in a hinged manner, so that the reaming blade 21 with greater rigidity can be used, which is conducive to reaming work. The present invention fixes the first end of the reaming blade 21 of the reaming unit 2 whose cutting direction is from the drill bit to the drill string on the body 1, and the second end of the reaming blade 21 is arranged to be accommodated in the accommodating cavity 11 in the drilling state and to extend out of the accommodating cavity 11 in the reaming state, and uses the execution unit 3 to control the expansion degree of the reaming blade 21 to determine the size of the reaming diameter. When reaming, the present application adopts the method of pulling from the drill bit to the drill string to reame, avoiding the situation that the drill bit is pressed to the bottom of the well to cause the bottom of the well to be compacted and affect the drilling again in the traditional reaming from the drill string to the drill bit. The pulling reaming device has a simple structure, is easy to use, works reliably and has high working efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, the pull-type reaming device further includes a limit unit 4 for limiting the expansion degree of the reaming blade 21. The limit unit 4 can adjust the expansion degree of the reaming blade 21 according to different reaming diameters, and the limit unit 4 can open the reaming blade 21 and prevent the reaming blade 21 from retracting during reaming; when reaming is completed, the pull-type reaming device is operated by pulling, so the pull-type reaming device is taken out of the well, and the reaming blade 21 is manually reset.

[0022] Furthermore, the execution unit 3 includes a connecting rod 32 fixedly connected to the cone 31; the limiting unit 4 includes a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion that engage with each other; the first limiting portion includes a protrusion formed on one of the connecting rod 32 and the body 1; the second limiting portion includes a groove formed on the other of the body 1 and the connecting rod 32 and matched with the protrusion. In this way, the protrusion and the groove can be disengaged only under a certain force, so that, on the one hand, the reaming blade 21 can be expanded according to different reaming diameters, and at the same time, it can be ensured that when reaming, the connecting rod 32 connected to the drill bit and the body 1 will not be disengaged to cause the drill bit to fall into the bottom of the well.

[0023] Preferably, a flow channel extending from one end of the cone 31 to the other end of the cone 31 is provided on the cone surface of the cone 31. In this way, the circulation of the drilling fluid can be ensured.

[0024] Further, the protrusion is provided as one, and the groove is provided as a plurality of grooves arranged along the axial direction of the connecting rod 32. In this way, after changing the different expansion diameters of the reaming blade 21, the gap between the connecting rod 32 and the body 1 is small, which is conducive to the reaming work.

[0025] Furthermore, the protrusion and the groove are both annular structures coaxial with the rotation centerline of the connecting rod 32. In this way, the connecting rod 32 and the body 1 can be subjected to uniform force at all parts of the circumference.

[0026] Further preferably, the body 1 further comprises a positioning sleeve 13; the protrusion is arranged on the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 13. In this way, the axial dimension of the positioning sleeve 13 can be set relatively small to meet the requirements.

[0027] Furthermore, the lifting and pulling reaming device also includes a sleeve structure 12 fixed to the main body 1, which is circumferentially fixed to the connecting rod 32 and can slide axially with the connecting rod 32 when the reaming blade 21 is expanded; the sleeve structure 12 and the connecting rod 32 are fixedly connected in the working state. The connecting rod 32 is configured as a polygonal column, and the sleeve structure 12 is configured to have an inner cavity that matches the outer surface of the polygonal column. For example, the connecting rod 32 can be an octagonal rod, and the sleeve structure 12 uses an octagonal sleeve that matches the octagonal rod. In this way, the octagonal rod and the octagonal sleeve can rotate simultaneously in any state, but when the work is switched, the octagonal rod can move axially relative to the octagonal sleeve, so as to achieve the purpose of switching the working state.

[0028] Furthermore, the pull-type reaming device includes a locking unit 5 for fixing the connecting rod 32 and the sleeve structure 12 together. In this way, it can be ensured that the connecting rod 32 and the sleeve structure 12 are fixed together during the drilling operation.

[0029] Furthermore, the locking unit 5 includes a locking pin 51, one end of which penetrates the side wall of the sleeve structure 12 from the outside of the sleeve structure 12 and enters the connecting rod 32, and the other end of the locking pin 51 is maintained outside the side wall of the sleeve structure 12 or inside the side wall of the sleeve structure 12. The locking pin 51 is used to fix the sleeve structure 12 and the connecting rod 32, and the structure is relatively simple and the connection is reliable. When the working state needs to be changed, the drill bit is pressed against the bottom of the well, and an instantaneous impact force is applied to the locking pin 51 from the direction of the drill string to the drill bit, so that the locking pin 51 is sheared off under the action of the instantaneous impact force and the deadweight of the body 1, so that the reaming blade 21 moves along the conical surface of the cone 31 from the drill bit to the drill string under the action of the cone 31, and expands radially at the same time, thereby achieving the purpose of expanding the reaming blade 21.

[0030] The body 1 is also fixed with a non-rotating shell 14 , and the non-rotating shell 14 is provided with an axially extending groove structure, so that the reaming blade 21 can enter and exit the accommodating cavity 11 through the groove structure.

[0031] The body 1 is also provided with a sealing ring 16 , which can prevent rock debris generated during the drilling and reaming process from entering the accommodating cavity 11 and affecting the expansion of the reaming blade 21 .

[0032] A straightening sleeve 15 is also fixed on the outer wall of the main body 1. When drilling and reaming, since the drilling and reaming tool is a slender rod, the slender rod will actually undergo axial deformation during drilling and reaming. In order to facilitate the drilling and reaming work, a straightening sleeve 15 with a diameter slightly smaller than the maximum diameter of the drill bit is provided on the side of the reaming blade 21 close to the drill bit. The outer diameter of the straightening sleeve 15 is the largest radial size of all parts of the drilling and reaming tool except the drill bit when drilling. In this way, it does not increase the resistance during drilling and can provide a straightening effect.

[0033] The second aspect of the present invention provides a drilling and reaming tool, the drilling and reaming tool comprising the above-mentioned lifting and pulling reaming device. The drilling and reaming tool also comprises a first joint 6 connected to the first end of the body 1 for connecting a drill bit and a second joint 7 connected to the second end of the body 1 for connecting a drill string. The drill bit and the drill string are conveniently connected to the body 1 through the first joint 6 and the second joint 7.

[0034] The drilling and reaming tool includes the above-mentioned pull-type reaming device, and has the same technical advantages as the above-mentioned pull-type reaming device, which will not be described in detail here.

[0035] The third aspect of the present invention provides a drilling and reaming method, wherein the drilling and reaming method uses the drilling and reaming tool described above, and in the reaming state, the drilling and reaming tool is moved from the drill bit to the drill string to achieve reaming. When the drilling and reaming method is used to reame, as long as the drill bit is not blocked, the drilling work can continue without reaming; when the drill bit is blocked and it is not conducive to continue drilling, the drilling is stopped, and the above-mentioned lifting and pulling reaming device is operated to open the reaming blade 21, and then the drilling and reaming tool with the reaming blade 21 is moved in the direction from the drill bit to the drill string to reame. In this way, the traditional situation of pressing the drill bit to the bottom of the well and reaming while drilling from the drill string to the drill bit is avoided, and reaming is performed regardless of whether reaming is needed. In this way, a lot of useless work is reduced, thereby greatly improving work efficiency. In addition, since the present invention adopts the method of lifting and pulling from the drill bit to the drill string to reame, squeezing the bottom of the well is avoided, thereby reducing the resistance of drilling and further improving work efficiency.

[0036] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications. Including the combination of various specific technical features in any suitable manner. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lifting type eye reaming device, characterized in that: It comprises a main body (1), an eye-expanding unit (2) for expanding the eye, and an execution unit (3) for controlling the action of the eye-expanding unit (2); The body (1) comprises a first end for connecting to a drill bit, a second end for connecting to a drill string, and a receiving cavity (11); The execution unit (3) comprises a cone (31) accommodated in the accommodation cavity (11) and used for expanding the reaming unit (2), and a connecting rod (32) fixedly connected to the cone (31); The reaming unit (2) comprises a reaming blade (21) whose cutting direction in the reaming state is from the drill bit to the drill string; a first end of the reaming blade (21) is fixed to the body (1), and a second end of the reaming blade (21) is arranged to be accommodated in the accommodating cavity (11) in the drilling state and to extend out of the accommodating cavity (11) in the reaming state; The cone (31) is configured to allow the second end of the reaming blade (21) to extend out of the accommodating cavity (11) when the cone (31) moves from the drill bit to the drill string; The pull-type reaming device further comprises a sleeve structure (12) fixed to the body (1), circumferentially fixed to the connecting rod (32) and capable of axially sliding with the connecting rod (32) when the reaming blade (21) is expanded; the sleeve structure (12) and the connecting rod (32) are fixedly connected in a non-reaming state.

2. The pull-type reaming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting-type reaming device further comprises a limiting unit (4) for limiting the expansion degree of the reaming blade (21).

3. The pull-type reaming device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting unit (4) comprises a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion which engage with each other; the first limiting portion comprises a protrusion formed on one of the connecting rod (32) and the main body (1); and the second limiting portion comprises a groove formed on the other of the main body (1) and the connecting rod (32) and matching with the protrusion.

4. The pull-type reaming device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protrusion is provided as one, and the groove is provided as a plurality arranged along the axial direction of the connecting rod (32).

5. The pull-type reaming device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protrusion and the groove are both annular structures coaxial with the rotation center line of the connecting rod (32).

6. The pull-type reaming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and pulling reaming device comprises a locking unit (5) for fixing the connecting rod (32) and the sleeve structure (12) together.

7. The pull-type reaming device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The locking unit (5) comprises a locking pin (51), one end of the locking pin (51) penetrates the side wall of the sleeve structure (12) from the outside of the sleeve structure (12) and enters the connecting rod (32), and the other end of the locking pin (51) is retained outside the side wall of the sleeve structure (12) or inside the side wall of the sleeve structure (12).

8. A drilling and reaming tool, characterized in that: It comprises a lifting and pulling eye-reaming device according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A drilling and reaming method, characterized in that: Using the drilling and reaming tool according to claim 8, in the reaming state, the drilling and reaming tool is moved in the direction from the drill bit to the drill string to achieve reaming.

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