Caisson boring machine, caisson boring system and boring method for caisson with special cross section

Abstract

The present invention provides a caisson boring machine, a caisson boring system and a method for boring a caisson with a special cross-section. The caisson boring machine includes a caisson boring unit, and the caisson boring unit includes: a main frame, a main drive mechanism, a telescopic arm and an excavation head. The main drive mechanism is installed on the main frame, and the excavation head is installed on the lower end of the telescopic arm; the upper end of the telescopic arm is installed on the main drive mechanism, and the main drive mechanism can drive the telescopic arm to move relative to the main frame to drive the excavation head to excavate; the telescopic arm can be telescopic to adjust the extension length of the excavation head. Through the present invention, the technical problems of poor flexibility and low efficiency in the construction of the vertical shaft boring method are alleviated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft excavation, and in particular to a caisson boring machine, a caisson boring system and a boring method for a caisson with a special cross-section. Background Art

[0002] At present, vertical shaft excavation mainly adopts the drilling and blasting method, which has complex procedures and heavy construction workload, and faces many problems in terms of environment, safety and construction period. Vertical shafts can also be constructed by shaft tunneling. During tunneling, the tunnel boring machine needs to be fixed or supported on the wall of the tunnel, which has poor construction flexibility and low efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a caisson boring machine, a caisson boring system and a method for boring a caisson with a special cross-section, so as to alleviate the technical problems of poor flexibility and low efficiency in the construction of a vertical shaft boring method.

[0004] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a caisson boring machine, comprising a caisson boring unit, wherein the caisson boring unit comprises: a main frame, a main drive mechanism, a telescopic arm and an excavation head, wherein the main drive mechanism is installed on the main frame, and the excavation head is installed on the lower end of the telescopic arm;

[0006] The upper end of the telescopic arm is mounted on the main drive mechanism, and the main drive mechanism can drive the telescopic arm to move relative to the main frame to drive the excavation head to perform excavation;

[0007] The telescopic arm can be telescopic to adjust the extension length of the excavating head.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the caisson boring machine includes a translation mechanism, the main frame is installed on the translation mechanism, and the translation mechanism can drive the main frame to move horizontally.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the telescopic arm is hinged to the main frame; the main drive mechanism includes a swing cylinder, both ends of which are respectively connected to the main frame and the telescopic arm, and the swing cylinder can drive the telescopic arm to swing up and down.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the main drive mechanism includes a slewing frame, which is mounted on the main frame, the upper end of the telescopic arm is hinged to the slewing frame, the swing cylinder is connected to the slewing frame, and the slewing frame can rotate around a vertical axis relative to the main frame.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the telescopic arm includes a first arm, a second arm and a telescopic cylinder, the second arm is inserted into the first arm, the second arm can slide and telescope relative to the first arm, the telescopic cylinder is inserted into the second arm, and the two ends of the telescopic cylinder are respectively connected to the first arm and the second arm.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the caisson boring machine includes supporting legs; the translation mechanism includes a moving frame and a track, the track is installed on the supporting legs, the main frame is installed on the moving frame, and the moving frame can translate along the track.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, an outer slide is provided on the track, and an inner slide that cooperates with the outer slide is provided on the movable frame; the translation mechanism includes a motor, a track rack and a gear connected to the motor, the motor is installed on the movable frame, the track rack is installed on the track, and the gear is transmission-connected to the track rack.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the caisson boring machine includes a plurality of caisson boring units arranged along a track.

[0015] The present invention provides a caisson boring system, comprising a pipe segment, a pulling device and the above-mentioned caisson boring machine, wherein the caisson boring machine is installed on the pipe segment, and the pulling device is used to adjust the depth of the pipe segment.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for excavating a caisson with a special cross-section, using the above-mentioned caisson boring machine; the excavation method comprises: the translation mechanism drives the caisson boring unit to move to multiple positions for excavation, and the excavation areas at multiple positions are superimposed to form a caisson with a special cross-section.

[0017] The characteristics and advantages of the present invention are:

[0018] When the caisson boring machine is excavating, the telescopic arm is extended to make the excavation head cut into the rock to a certain depth, and the excavation operation is realized through the action of the main drive mechanism; the circular excavation is realized through the rotation of the slewing frame; the position of the caisson boring unit is adjusted through the translation mechanism, and the caisson boring unit excavates at multiple positions, and the circular excavation areas at multiple positions are superimposed to form a waist-shaped cross-section caisson. During the excavation process, the excavation depth is adjusted through the telescopic arm 30, which improves the construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A top view of an embodiment of the caisson boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A front view of the caisson boring machine is shown;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A local enlarged view of point A in FIG.

[0023] Figure 4 A top view of another embodiment of the caisson boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5-Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of the caisson boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7-Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic arm in the caisson boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the translation mechanism in the caisson boring machine provided by the present invention.

[0027] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0028] 10. Main frame; 101. Vertical axis; 11. Support legs;

[0029] 20. Excavation head;

[0030] 30. Telescopic arm; 31. First arm; 32. Second arm; 321. Cylinder ear seat; 33. Telescopic cylinder;

[0031] 41. Swing cylinder;

[0032] 42. Rotating frame; 421. Rotating motor; 422. Rotating gear ring;

[0033] 50. Translation mechanism;

[0034] 51. Mobile frame; 511. Inner slide plate;

[0035] 52, track; 521, outer slide plate; 522, limit block;

[0036] 53. Motor; 531. Track rack; 532. Gear;

[0037] 54. Roller;

[0038] 61. Pipe segment; 62. Lifting device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Solution 1

[0041] The present invention provides a caisson boring machine, comprising a caisson boring unit, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the caisson excavation unit includes: a main drive mechanism, a main frame 10, a telescopic arm 30 and an excavation head 20. The main drive mechanism is installed on the main frame 10, and the excavation head 20 is installed on the lower end of the telescopic arm 30; the upper end of the telescopic arm 30 is installed on the main drive mechanism, and the main drive mechanism can drive the telescopic arm 30 to move relative to the main frame 10 to drive the excavation head 20 to excavate; the telescopic arm 30 can be extended and retracted to adjust the extension length of the excavation head 20.

[0042] When the caisson boring machine is excavating, the telescopic arm 30 is extended to make the excavation head 20 cut into the rock to a certain depth, and the excavation operation is realized through the action of the main drive mechanism. During the excavation process, the excavation depth is adjusted by the telescopic arm 30, thereby improving the construction efficiency.

[0043] In one embodiment, the caisson boring machine includes a translation mechanism 50, and the main frame 10 is installed on the translation mechanism 50, and the translation mechanism 50 can drive the main frame 10 to move horizontally. The position of the caisson boring unit is adjusted by the translation mechanism 50, and the caisson boring unit excavates at multiple positions, and the excavation areas at multiple positions are superimposed to form a caisson with a special cross-section. The caisson boring machine can be operated according to the following steps: first, the caisson boring unit moves to one end, and the telescopic cylinder 33 extends to make the excavation head 20 cut into the rock to a certain depth, and the end section is excavated through the main drive mechanism to complete the excavation of a certain depth in the area; then, the moving mechanism is started to move the caisson boring unit to the other end to complete the excavation of the other end; then, the caisson boring unit moves to the middle to excavate the remaining part.

[0044] Furthermore, the caisson boring machine includes a support leg 11, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the translation mechanism 50 includes a mobile frame 51 and a track 52. The track 52 is installed on the support leg 11, and the main frame 10 is installed on the mobile frame 51. The mobile frame 51 can translate along the track 52 to adjust the overall position of the caisson excavation unit to achieve excavation in different areas.

[0045] like Figure 3As shown, an outer slide 521 is provided on the track 52, and an inner slide 511 matching the outer slide 521 is provided on the moving frame 51; the translation mechanism 50 includes a motor 53, a track rack 531 and a gear 532 connected to the motor 53, the motor 53 is installed on the moving frame 51, the track rack 531 is installed on the track 52, and the gear 532 is connected to the track rack 531 in a transmission manner.

[0046] The support leg 11 is fixed to the pipe segment 61, and the track 52 is connected to the support leg 11. The track 52 contains an outer slide 521, a track rack 531 on the side, and limit blocks 522 at both ends. The outer side of the main frame 10 is connected to the mobile frame 51 by bolts, and the outer side of the end of the mobile frame 51 has an inner slide 511; the mobile frame 51 is placed in the track 52, and the inner slide 511 cooperates with the outer slide 521. The gear 532 is meshed with the track rack 531, and the gear 532 is driven by the motor 53 to realize the movement of the caisson excavation unit along the track 52.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, two sets of tracks 52 are fixed on the pipe segment 61, and the caisson excavation unit is suspended in the two sets of tracks 52 through a moving frame 51. The position of the caisson excavation unit in the cross-sectional plane is adjusted through gear rack transmission, thereby realizing the excavation of the waist-shaped cross-section.

[0048] The translation mechanism 50 may be in other forms, for example: Fig. 9 As shown, the track 52 can use rollers 54; the track rack 531 and the gear 532 can also be replaced by cylinders.

[0049] The excavation head 20 is driven by a built-in motor to rotate. Driven by the main drive mechanism, the excavation head 20 moves together with the telescopic arm 30, and the form of the movement can be rotation, swing, movement or other forms of movement.

[0050] In one embodiment, the upper end of the telescopic arm 30 is hinged to the main frame 10; the main drive mechanism includes a swing cylinder 41, the two ends of the swing cylinder 41 are respectively connected to the main frame 10 and the telescopic arm 30, and the swing cylinder 41 can drive the telescopic arm 30 to swing up and down. Figure 2 As shown, when the swing oil cylinder 41 performs telescopic movement, it drives the telescopic arm 30 to swing up and down. After the excavation head 20 cuts into the rock to a certain depth, the excavation head 20 swings with the telescopic arm 30 to achieve cutting of the rock.

[0051] In one embodiment, the main drive mechanism includes a slewing frame 42, which is mounted on the main frame 10, the upper end of the telescopic arm 30 is hinged to the slewing frame 42, and the swing cylinder 41 is connected to the slewing frame 42. The slewing frame 42 can rotate around the vertical axis 101 relative to the main frame 10. The telescopic arm 30 enables the excavation head 20 to cut into the rock to a certain depth, and the circular excavation is achieved through the rotation of the slewing frame 42; the position of the excavation head 20 is adjusted through the swing cylinder 41 to excavate the next circular trajectory. The caisson excavation unit can achieve a certain range of circular excavation operations through the actions of the slewing frame 42 and the swing cylinder 41. In this embodiment, the slewing frame 42 provides a driving force for cutting and excavating the rock; the excavation position is adjusted through the swing cylinder 41 to complete the circular excavation.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the position of the caisson excavation unit is adjusted by the translation mechanism 50, and the caisson excavation unit excavates at multiple positions, and the circular excavation areas at multiple positions are superimposed to form a waist-shaped cross-section caisson.

[0053] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a slewing frame 42 is installed at the lower part of the main frame 10, and a telescopic arm 30 and a swing cylinder 41 are installed under the slewing frame 42. The telescopic arm 30 is swung and the excavation position is adjusted by the extension and retraction of the swing cylinder 41, the excavation depth is adjusted by the telescopic arm 30, and the excavation in the circumferential direction is achieved by the slewing frame 42. After the excavation operation of a certain depth of the cross section is completed, the swing cylinder 41 retracts the excavation arm, and after making a certain space, the lifting device 62 lowers the pipe segment 61 as a whole to a certain depth, and then the caisson boring machine starts the next excavation cycle until the shaft excavation of the specified depth is completed.

[0054] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a rotary gear ring 422 is connected to the rotary frame 42, and the axis of the rotary gear ring 422 is the vertical axis 101. A rotary motor 421 is installed on the main frame 10, and the gear connected to the rotary motor 421 is meshed with the rotary gear ring 422, thereby driving the rotary frame 42 to rotate around the vertical axis 101. The vertical axis 101 is the center line of the main frame 10. When the main frame 10 is fixed, the excavation range of the telescopic arm 30 and the excavation head 20 is a circular area centered on the center line of the main frame 10.

[0055] In one embodiment, the telescopic arm 30 includes a first arm 31, a second arm 32 and a telescopic cylinder 33. Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the second arm 32 is inserted into the first arm 31 , and the second arm 32 can slide and retract relative to the first arm 31 . The telescopic cylinder 33 is inserted into the second arm 32 , and both ends of the telescopic cylinder 33 are connected to the first arm 31 and the second arm 32 respectively.

[0056] Specifically, the lower end of the first arm 31 is provided with a first cavity, the upper end of the second arm 32 is provided with a second cavity, the upper end of the second arm 32 is inserted into the first cavity, the telescopic cylinder 33 is arranged in the first cavity and the second cavity, and the second arm 32 is slidably matched with the inner wall of the first cavity. A cylinder ear seat 321 is designed in the second arm 32, and the telescopic cylinder 33 is connected to the cylinder ear seat 321. The telescopic arm 30 is respectively connected to the swing cylinder 41 and the rotating frame 42, which simplifies the structure and improves the telescopic flexibility. Specifically, one end of the swing cylinder 41 is hinged to the rotating frame 42, and the other end is hinged to the first arm 31.

[0057] In one embodiment, the caisson boring machine includes a plurality of caisson boring units arranged along a track 52. The plurality of caisson boring units excavate synchronously and move along the track 52 so that the excavation areas overlap, thereby improving the excavation efficiency. Figure 4 As shown, two caisson boring units are placed and work simultaneously, each responsible for the circular excavation work at both ends, and then move to the middle straight section to carry out excavation work.

[0058] Solution 2

[0059] The present invention provides a caisson excavation system, comprising a pipe segment 61, a lifting device 62 and the above-mentioned caisson excavator, wherein the caisson excavator is installed on the pipe segment 61, and the lifting device 62 is used to adjust the depth of the pipe segment 61. After the caisson excavator completes the excavation operation of a certain depth of the cross section, the lifting device 62 lowers the pipe segment 61 as a whole to a certain depth, and then the caisson excavator starts the next excavation cycle until the shaft excavation of the specified depth is completed.

[0060] Option 3

[0061] The present invention provides a method for excavating a caisson with a special cross-section, using the above-mentioned caisson boring machine; the excavation method includes: a translation mechanism 50 drives the caisson boring unit to move to multiple positions for excavation, and the excavation areas at multiple positions are superimposed to form a caisson with a special cross-section.

[0062] The excavation method includes: (1) the caisson excavation unit moves to one end along the track 52; (2) the excavation head 20 is driven by the built-in motor to rotate, and the telescopic arm 30 is extended, so that the excavation head 20 cuts into the rock to a certain depth, and through the rotation of the rotating frame 42, a circular excavation is carried out to achieve the excavation of the circular section of the end; (3) the position of the swing cylinder 41 is adjusted to carry out the excavation of the next circular track; (4) the cycle operation is carried out until the circular excavation of a certain depth in the area is completed; (5) the translation mechanism 50 drives the caisson excavation unit to the other end to complete the circular excavation of the other end; (6) the caisson excavation unit is moved to the middle to excavate the remaining part; (7) after the excavation operation of a certain depth of the section is completed, the swing cylinder 41 retracts the telescopic arm 30 to make room for a certain space, and the lifting device 62 lowers the pipe segment 61 as a whole to a certain depth; (8) the caisson excavation unit starts the next excavation cycle until the shaft excavation of the specified depth is completed.

[0063] The excavation method is based on the caisson construction method, and realizes the construction of a waist-shaped cross-section shaft by moving the caisson excavation unit in the cross-section plane. The excavation method can be applied to underground parking lots and other occasions, reducing space restrictions and helping to improve space utilization.

[0064] The above steps (1)-(6) can be adjusted: if the middle straight section is long, the middle section can be excavated first, and then the other end can be excavated, and the cycle can be repeated.

[0065] In order to improve the excavation efficiency, two caisson excavation units can be placed to work simultaneously, each responsible for the circular excavation work at both ends, and then move to the middle straight section to carry out excavation work.

[0066] When there are two caisson excavation units, it is preferred to dig the two ends first and then the middle. When digging the two ends first, the telescopic arms 30 of the two caisson excavation units do not interfere with each other. After digging the circles at the two ends, only the remaining area in the middle needs to be processed, which simplifies the construction difficulty and improves the construction efficiency.

[0067] The above are only several embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention based on the contents disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A caisson boring machine, characterized in that: It comprises a caisson excavation unit, which comprises: a main frame, a main drive mechanism, a telescopic arm and an excavation head, wherein the main drive mechanism is installed on the main frame, and the excavation head is installed on the lower end of the telescopic arm; The upper end of the telescopic arm is mounted on the main drive mechanism, and the main drive mechanism can drive the telescopic arm to move relative to the main frame to drive the excavation head to perform excavation; The telescopic arm can be telescopic to adjust the extension length of the excavation head; The caisson boring machine comprises a translation mechanism, the main frame is installed on the translation mechanism, and the translation mechanism can drive the main frame to move horizontally; The upper end of the telescopic arm is hinged to the main frame; The main drive mechanism includes a swing cylinder, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the main frame and the telescopic arm, and the swing cylinder can drive the telescopic arm to swing up and down; The caisson boring machine comprises a plurality of caisson boring units arranged along a track; The circular section at the end is excavated by the main drive mechanism; the caisson excavation unit is moved in the horizontal direction by the translation mechanism so that the circular excavation areas at multiple positions are superimposed, thereby excavating the special-shaped section; Among them, the caisson boring machine includes support legs fixed to the pipe segments; the translation mechanism includes a mobile frame and a track, the track is installed on the support legs, the main frame is installed on the mobile frame, and the mobile frame can translate along the track; an outer slide is provided on the track, and an inner slide matching the outer slide is provided on the mobile frame; the translation mechanism includes a motor, a track rack and a gear connected to the motor, the motor is installed on the mobile frame, the track rack is installed on the track, and the gear is transmission-connected to the track rack.

2. The caisson boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main drive mechanism comprises a slewing frame, which is mounted on the main frame body, the upper end of the telescopic arm is hinged to the slewing frame, the swing cylinder is connected to the slewing frame, and the slewing frame can rotate around a vertical axis relative to the main frame body.

3. The caisson boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic arm includes a first arm, a second arm and a telescopic cylinder. The second arm is inserted into the first arm and can slide and telescope relative to the first arm. The telescopic cylinder is inserted into the second arm, and both ends of the telescopic cylinder are respectively connected to the first arm and the second arm.

4. A caisson excavation system, characterized in that: It comprises a pipe segment, a lifting device and a caisson boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the caisson boring machine is installed on the pipe segment, and the lifting device is used to adjust the depth of the pipe segment.

5. A method for excavating a special-shaped cross-section caisson, characterized in that: A caisson boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3; The excavation method comprises: the translation mechanism drives the caisson excavation unit to move to multiple positions for excavation, and the excavation areas at the multiple positions are superimposed to form a caisson with a special-shaped cross-section.

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