A mining method for low loss and high efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies

Abstract

The invention relates to a mining method for low-pollution and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, comprising S1. performing throw blasting on a rock surface; S2. using the ore blast pile obtained by the throw blasting to build a workbench; S3. arranging a trolley on the workbench; S4. dividing the mining access road into an upper part and a lower part; S5. using the trolley to pry, excavate and support the upper part of the current recovery access road; S6. cleaning the workbench; S7. using the trolley to pry, excavate and support the lower part of the current recovery access road; S8. repeating steps S1 to S7 until the recovery of the current recovery access road is completed; S9. filling the recovery access road that has completed recovery with paste; S10. after the paste solidifies, recovering the adjacent recovery access roads; the invention adopts large-scale mechanized recovery with super-large cross-section, and a single set of equipment has a large production capacity, which can reduce the number of construction personnel, greatly reduce labor costs, greatly reduce loss rate and dilution rate, and has good comprehensive benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] The traditional method of recovering gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is usually the upward layered approach cemented filling mining method, which is divided into 2 to 3 layers of recovery. This method increases the number of fillings, the curing time of the filling body is long, the recovery time is prolonged, and the recovery efficiency is low; when recovering the upper part, it is difficult to recover the ore on the filling body, resulting in increased losses; large trackless equipment needs to operate on the filling body, and the scraper shovels a large amount of paste, which increases the depletion of the ore and reduces the recovery rate of mineral processing; layered recovery, the support input is increased, the auxiliary material input is increased, and the cost input is large; layered recovery, the cross-section is small, and the single-cycle ore volume is small, which is not conducive to large-scale mechanized and efficient recovery. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problems of low mining efficiency caused by the large number of filling times and long maintenance time in the traditional layered approach cemented filling mining method, the present invention provides a mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0005] A mining method for low-pollution and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, comprising dividing a target mining area into multiple recovery routes and recovering each recovery route respectively; the recovery method comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Carry out throwing blasting on the rock surface of the target mining access road;

[0007] S2. Use the ore pile obtained from the throwing blasting to build a workbench;

[0008] S3. Arrange a trolley on the workbench;

[0009] S4. Along the height direction of the mining access road, the mining access road is divided into

[0010] upper and lower parts;

[0011] S5. Use the trolley to pry, excavate and support the upper part of the current mining approach;

[0012] S6. Clean up the workbench;

[0013] S7. Use the trolley to pry, excavate and support the lower part of the current mining approach;

[0014] S8. Repeat steps S1 to S7 until the current mining route is completed;

[0015] S9. Fill the mining access road that has been mined with paste;

[0016] S10. After the paste solidifies, adjacent mining access roads are mined.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention divides the primary mining of the mining access into two parts, and performs mining, prying, excavation and support on the upper and lower parts of the current mining access respectively, thus realizing the one-time formation of the mining access. Therefore, the formed mining access has a larger cross-section, which is conducive to large-scale equipment entering the mining access, improving the convenience of mining, and providing more preferred solutions for the mining process. The use of large-scale mechanized mining with super-large cross-section has a large production capacity for a single set of equipment, which can reduce the number of construction personnel, greatly reduce labor costs, greatly reduce the loss rate and depletion rate, and have better comprehensive benefits.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0019] Furthermore, the width of the mining access road ranges from 7m to 8m, the height of the mining access road ranges from 7m to 12m, the length of the mining access road ranges from 200m to 690m, and the slope of the mining access road is not greater than 8.5°.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper height of the mining access road ranges from 6m to 7m.

[0021] Furthermore, the trenching type of the cast blasting is a vertical trenching method.

[0022] Furthermore, the throwing distance of the throwing blasting ranges from 22m to 28m.

[0023] Furthermore, the workbench is an inclined platform, and the height of one end of the inclined platform close to the ore body is higher than the height of one end of the inclined platform away from the ore body.

[0024] Furthermore, the height range of the inclined platform at one end close to the ore body is 3m-5m, the slope range of the inclined platform is 8°-10°, the width range of the inclined platform is 3m-4m, and the slope length range of the inclined platform is 25m-30m.

[0025] Furthermore, the support method for the lower part of the current mining approach and the support method for the lower part of the current mining approach are both anchor support.

[0026] Furthermore, the anchor support is specifically sprayed anchor support, the thickness range of the concrete spray layer of the sprayed anchor support is 22mm-28mm, and the strength of the concrete spray layer of the sprayed anchor support is C25; the diameter of the anchor rod of the sprayed anchor support is 46mm, and the length of the anchor rod is 3m.

[0027] Furthermore, the diameter of the blastholes for the throwing blasting is 45 mm, and the grid size of the blastholes for the throwing blasting is 1 m*1 m. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the working face of the mining access road;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the workbench;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the plan structure of the mining access road;

[0033] Figure 6 Indication for recovery Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 7 Indication for recovery Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 8 Indication for recovery Figure 3 .

[0036] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0037] 1. Mine exit; 2. Anchor rod; 3. Mining approach; 4. Upper blast hole; 5. Ore body; 6. Lower excavation approach; 7. Workbench; 8. Lower part; 9. Upper part; 10. Lower blast hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a mining method for low-pollution and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, comprising dividing a target mining area into multiple recovery routes 3 and recovering each of the recovery routes 3 respectively; the recovery method comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1. Throwing blasting is performed on the rock surface of the target mining access 3, the groove type of the throwing blasting is a vertical eye groove method, the throwing distance of the throwing blasting is 25m, the diameter of the blast hole of the throwing blasting is 45mm, and the hole grid of the blast hole of the throwing blasting is 1m*1m;

[0041] S2. Using the ore gun pile obtained by throwing blasting to build a workbench 7;

[0042] S3. Arrange the trolley on the workbench 7;

[0043] S4. Along the height direction of the mining access road, the mining access road is divided into

[0044] 9 in the upper part and 8 in the lower part;

[0045] S5. Use the trolley to pry, excavate and support the upper part 9 of the current mining access road 3, and complete the drilling operation of the upper blasthole 4;

[0046] S6. Clean up the workbench 7;

[0047] S7. Using the trolley to pry, excavate and support the lower part 8 of the current mining access road 3, that is, to complete the excavation and support of the lower excavation road 6 and complete the drilling operation of the lower blasthole 10;

[0048] S8. Repeat steps S1 to S7 until the current mining route 3 is completed;

[0049] S9. Fill the mining access road 3 that has completed mining with paste;

[0050] S10. After the paste solidifies, the adjacent mining access 3 is mined.

[0051] Specifically, the width of the mining access road 3 is 7.5m, the height of the mining access road 3 is 7m-12m, the length of the mining access road 3 is 200m-690m, the slope of the mining access road 3 is not greater than 8.5°, and the height of the upper part 9 of the mining access road 3 is 6m-7m.

[0052] The workbench 7 is an inclined platform, and the height of one end of the inclined platform close to the ore body 5, that is, close to the ore outlet river 1, is higher than the height of one end of the inclined platform away from the ore body 5.

[0053] The height of the inclined platform at one end close to the ore body 5 is 3m-5m, the slope of the inclined platform is 8°-10°, the width of the inclined platform is 3m-4m, and the slope length of the inclined platform is 25m-30m.

[0054] The support method for the lower part 8 of the current mining access road 3 is anchor support. The anchor support is specifically shotcrete support, the thickness of the concrete spraying layer of the shotcrete support is 22mm-28mm, and the strength of the concrete spraying layer of the shotcrete support is C25; the diameter of the anchor rod 2 of the shotcrete support is 46mm, and the length of the anchor rod 2 is 3m.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] like Figures 2 to 8 As shown, based on Example 1, coal mining is taken as an example. The mining method of this mine adopts a high-section approach cemented filling mining method. The thickness of the ore body 5 is 10m, the inclination of the ore body 5 is less than 20°, the width of the mining approach 3 is 7.5m, the height of the mining approach 3 is 10m, the slope of the mining approach 3 is less than 8.5°, and the length of the mining approach 3 is 500m;

[0057] The mining process is as follows:

[0058] 1. Survey and lay out. Traditional survey control points are laid on the roof of mining access 3. Since mining access 3 is relatively high, the roof point setting must be done with the help of mechanical equipment, which affects production and increases time. In addition, since the survey control points are relatively high, the ropes used for measurement are long, and affected by wind, the instrument’s point error is difficult to control, making it impossible to guarantee the measurement accuracy. Therefore, changing the polar coordinate measurement method to the coordinate measurement method can solve this problem, that is, using the Leica TCRA1201 total station measurement robot configured with the Australian Surpac software for measurement, and using the measurement method of coordinate transfer by resection to achieve the automation of the entire process of observation, recording, calculation, and mapping. Changing the measurement method has the following benefits: First, the control network is set to re-survey the branch conductor at any station; second, the basic information input is the coordinates of the known points and the coordinates and azimuths of the layout points, which are compiled in the total station in a unified format, and the whole process is paperless; third, the measurement points are set on both sides of the tunnel. During construction layout, the station can be set at any position to observe the four prisms on the wall. After calculating the coordinates of the set station, the reference line is selected for layout, and the instrument automatically rotates to the layout point, without the need for high-altitude operations; fourth, the control measurement is to independently observe two branch conductors or round-trip observations. Any station does not require point-to-point centering and height measurement. Automatic observation, recording and verification are short in time, and can be observed when prying the working surface, which basically does not occupy production time; fifth, the approach is measured without prisms to observe the coordinates of the left and right sides and the coordinates of the bottom plate, and a three-dimensional map is obtained with the Surpac software.

[0059] 2. Platform construction. In order to reduce the workload of platform construction, the straight-eye barrel-shaped slotting method of throwing blasting, i.e. vertical-eye slotting method, is adopted, with a throwing distance of 25m. 55% of the ore is removed by LH621 i shovel loader, and ore is transported by TH663 i mining truck. On the basis of the blast pile, a 7.5m×6m working area is cleared for regular operation. The remaining ore is used to construct workbench 7, which is 4m high. Along the length direction of the mining access road 3, the length of workbench 7 is 160m, and the slope of workbench 7 is 9°.

[0060] 3. Anchor support. The mining access 3 adopts pipe-seam anchor support with an anchor length of 3m. According to the anchor operation volume and operation conditions, the DS411 anchor trolley is selected for anchor support.

[0061] In the first step, the side wall anchor support starts from 0.5m away from the bottom plate of mining access road 3, with 6 anchors on each side and 7 anchors on the top plate, totaling 19 anchors; the second step starts from 2.5m away from the bottom plate of mining access road 3, with 4 anchors on each side; there are a total of 23 anchors in each row, and the mesh density of the anchors is divided into three levels according to the hardness coefficient Q value of the rock: see Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 Hardness coefficient Q value table

[0063] spacing Q Value Row spacing 1.5m Better Q ≥ 10 1.8m 1.5m Generally ≤4Q<10 1.5m 1.0m Poor Q<4 1.0m

[0064] When constructing anchor holes, the angle between the direction of the anchor holes and the roadway contour or the surrounding rock bedding plane, joint plane and fracture plane is required to be greater than or equal to 75° to ensure that the anchor is installed vertically. The allowable deviation of the distance between the anchor holes is ±150mm, the depth of the anchor holes is ±50mm, and the aperture of the anchor holes should be smaller than the rod diameter of the anchor 2. The depth of the anchor holes cannot exceed 0.1m of the design depth, and the construction volume of each equipment is 5,000 anchors 2 per month.

[0065] The installed anchor rod 2 is tested for its pull-out resistance. The pull-out resistance of the anchor rod 2 can be measured by a pull-out test with a puller. Unqualified anchor rods are reinforced by using denser anchor rods, and the reasons are analyzed and summarized.

[0066] 4. Rock drilling. Strictly follow the Figure 8 The drilling was carried out according to the arrangement of blastholes in the drilling. The drilling was carried out using a Boomer 282 rock drilling rig, with a R32 hollow hexagonal steel drill rod, the length of which was 4.3m; the drill bit was a round column drill bit with a diameter of Φ45mm; it was equipped with a corresponding drill tail and connecting sleeve; the slotted holes were drilled using a drill bit with a diameter of Φ102mm. The blasting adopted the smooth blasting technology, strictly controlling the distance between the peripheral holes and the amount of charge to ensure that the cross section of the blasthole was good after blasting.

[0067] The drilling operation is strictly carried out according to the calibrated blasthole position. The blasthole direction is strictly parallel to the designed tunnel axis. The blasthole direction is controlled to ensure that the blasthole is parallel, and the blasthole angle and depth are guaranteed. The eye spacing error of the groove eye shall not exceed 20mm, and the eye spacing and line spacing error of the auxiliary eye shall not exceed 50mm. The outward inclination angle of the peripheral eye and the bottom eye is 2°, and the bottom of the eye shall not exceed 50mm beyond the excavation contour line.

[0068] 5. Charge. After drilling is completed, check the depth and angle of the blasthole according to the blasthole layout diagram. Only after passing the inspection can the charge be charged and connected for blasting. Before charging, check and pry the pumice, clean the working surface and blastholes, and find out the number and depth of the blastholes. Charmec MC 605 charging vehicle is used for charging. The lifting height of the trolley reaches 6500mm and the charging height is 9m. The explosive tank can carry 2500kg of emulsion explosive at a time. The emulsion explosive is a mixture of two media in the hole. In order to reduce over-excavation and ensure the blasting effect, high-density explosives are loaded in the slot holes, auxiliary holes and collapse holes, and low-density explosives are loaded in the surrounding holes. The detonating material is a detonating bomb, which is placed at the bottom of the hole. Non-electric detonating cord detonators are used for detonation and capacitor detonators are used for detonation of detonating cords.

[0069] 6. Ventilation and dust prevention. Use local mechanical ventilation methods, and use push-in ventilation in the lanes. Improve ventilation efficiency as much as possible, increase the length of each section of the wind tube, improve the quality of the wind tube joints, keep the wind tube hanging in a straight line, and reduce the wind tube resistance. The TVT1400-12-I E1-110 axial flow fan is selected, with a fan power of 110KW and a fan air volume of 35m 3 / s, wind pressure is 2200Pa, to meet the ventilation needs of the mining area. The wind tube uses Φ1400mm colloid wind tube, ventilation length 500m. During the operation, the dust generation in the rock drilling, blasting and rock loading process is minimized as much as possible. All wet rock drilling is adopted. Water is sprayed to wash the wall before leaving the mine, and personal protection is worn.

[0070] 7. Shotcrete support. Use Spraymec LF050VC shotcrete trolley, with a concrete thickness of 25mm and a strength of C25, to spray the entire mining access road 3. Routine inspections should be carried out on the trolley before operation to avoid failures during operation; first spray the location where the local over-excavation is increased; divide the excavation length of 3.3m into two parts, namely the top plate and the two side walls, first spray the top plate, and adopt the method of pushing the spray from the back to the front, that is, from one side of the arch base line through the top plate to the other side of the arch base line. The nozzle rotates in a spiral shape during spraying; after spraying the arch part, spray one side wall of the mining access road 3, and then spray the other side wall of the mining access road 3.

[0071] The present invention adopts a step-by-step excavation and one-time tunneling mining method, breaking the original mining and operation mode of the upward filling mining method or the downward filling mining method. The mining is completed in one time according to the thickness of the ore body, which can greatly reduce the consumption of personnel, materials and equipment, reduce losses and depletion, and improve the recovery efficiency of the stope as a prerequisite, thereby improving the working environment, improving the efficiency of personnel and equipment, and realizing safe, efficient and economical mining. The present invention adopts a step-by-step excavation and one-time tunneling mining method, which can effectively solve the limitation of the lifting height of the drilling trolley due to the mining height, and the lower operations are all carried out after the upper support is completed, which effectively improves the safety of the mining operation and the efficiency of the equipment. The present invention optimizes the construction process, is conducive to streamlining the personnel and equipment configuration, can realize the simultaneous operation of multiple working faces, and has a large production capacity in the stope, so as to give full play to the advantages of trackless mining and realize large-scale trackless mechanized operation of large-section mining. The present invention uses large-scale mechanized equipment, which is not only highly applicable and operable, but also conducive to promotion and application.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the concept and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, characterized by: The method comprises dividing the target mining area into a plurality of mining access routes (3) and performing mining on each mining access route (3) respectively; the mining method comprises the following steps: S1. Throwing blasting on the rock surface of the mining access road (3); S2. Using the ore pile obtained by throwing blasting to build a workbench (7); S3. Arrange a trolley on the workbench (7); S4. along the height direction of the mining access road (3), the mining access road (3) is divided into an upper part (9) and a lower part (8); S5. Use a trolley to pry, excavate and support the upper portion (9) of the current mining access road (3); S6. Clean up the workbench (7); S7. Use a trolley to pry, excavate and support the lower part (8) of the current mining access road (3); S8. Repeat steps S1 to S7 until the current mining route (3) is completed; S9. Filling the mining access road (3) that has completed mining with paste; S10. After the paste solidifies, the next mining route (3) adjacent to the current mining route (3) is mined; The width of the mining access road (3) is in the range of 7m-8m, the height of the mining access road (3) is in the range of 7m-12m, the length of the mining access road (3) is in the range of 200m-690m, and the slope of the mining access road (3) is not greater than 8.5°; The upper part (9) of the mining access road (3) has a height ranging from 6m to 7m; The trenching type of the throwing blasting is a vertical trenching method; The throwing distance range of the throwing blasting is 22m-28m.

2. The mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The workbench (7) is an inclined platform, and the height of one end of the inclined platform close to the ore body (5) is higher than the height of one end of the inclined platform away from the ore body (5).

3. The mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The height of the inclined platform at one end close to the ore body (5) ranges from 3m to 5m, the slope of the inclined platform ranges from 8° to 10°, the width of the inclined platform ranges from 3m to 4m, and the slope length of the inclined platform ranges from 25m to 30m.

4. The mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support method for the lower part (8) of the current mining access road (3) and the support method for the lower part (8) of the current mining access road (3) are both anchor support.

5. The mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The anchor support is specifically sprayed anchor support, the thickness of the concrete spray layer of the sprayed anchor support is in the range of 22mm-28mm, and the strength of the concrete spray layer of the sprayed anchor support is C25; the diameter of the anchor rod (2) of the sprayed anchor support is 46mm, and the length of the anchor rod (2) is 3m.

6. The mining method for low-loss and high-efficiency recovery of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the blasthole for the throwing blasting is 45 mm, and the grid size of the blasthole for the throwing blasting is 1 m*1 m.

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