A device and process for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-production of biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a process method for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, comprising a biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, a condenser 1, a condenser 2, a biomass oil collecting pool, an induced draft fan 1 and a gas combustion chamber. The device adopts a layered pyrolysis bed in a unique pyrolysis chamber, generates heat through combustion of non-condensable gas generated by pyrolysis to provide heat required for pyrolysis, controls the pyrolysis temperature and realizes directional pyrolysis; adopts a unique self-regulating chamber to regulate the temperature of biochar generated by pyrolysis (the regulating heat also comes from the combustion of non-condensable gas generated by pyrolysis), so that the biomass char (catalyst) is constantly updated while the biomass pyrolysis mixed gas catalyzes the production of high-quality oil, and the oil quality fluctuation caused by catalyst deactivation is not caused; pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas self-regulation (oil quality improvement) and biochar quality improvement are combined in one device, and the device is novel and unique.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biomass energy, in particular to a device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis and a process method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing depletion of fossil resources and the strong support of the whole society for the development of recyclable energy, biomass energy technology has received extensive attention from scholars from all over the world in recent years. Among them, biomass pyrolysis liquefaction technology is an effective means to convert biomass into liquid, solid and gas products and achieve efficient utilization of biomass. It is also one of the most widely used technologies at present. Biomass pyrolysis refers to the process of using heating to crack the high molecular polymers that make up biomass into low molecular organic matter without the participation of air (oxygen) to generate solid (coke), liquid products (biomass oil) and gas products (synthesis gas). The liquid product here is also called bio-oil (biomass oil), which is the main product of biomass pyrolysis. Bio-oil also has many characteristics such as a wide range of raw material sources, many available components, renewable, easy to transport, and high energy density. Therefore, it can be used as a substitute for traditional fossil energy and applied in the energy fuel and chemical industries. It can not only extract chemical raw materials with commercial value from it, but also be used as fuel for boiler gas turbines or internal combustion engines.

[0003] Compared with mineral oil, biomass oil obtained by traditional pyrolysis contains more oxygen, water and solid impurities, and has low calorific value, low pH value, corrosiveness and unstable performance. This is because the main components of biomass oil are oxygen-containing organic compounds such as acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and phenols, which may undergo chemical reactions. Especially after long-term storage or heating, the physical and chemical properties of biomass oil will quickly change in a direction that is not conducive to its application. Due to its poor quality and thermal stability, biomass oil has encountered a series of problems in its application, which has also restricted its promotion and application, commercialization process and industrial development.

[0004] In recent years, a series of work aimed at improving the quality and application value of bio-oil has been carried out, including catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic cracking and catalytic hydrogenation, and some positive results have been achieved. However, these technologies still face problems such as low production efficiency and high production costs due to catalyst coking and deactivation. Therefore, how to improve the quality of biomass oil and reduce oxygenated compounds without increasing production costs has become a widely concerned issue among frontier scholars in the field, and has also become one of the top priorities in the current bio-oil modification process. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and a process method for preparing high-quality bio-oil and co-producing biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, which can produce high-quality bio-oil and obtain biochar with a high specific surface area, significantly improving economic and environmental benefits, so as to solve the technical problems of poor catalyst stability, single product and low heat utilization efficiency in existing biomass oil preparation technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a biomass pyrolysis self-regulating device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar, comprising a biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, a condenser 1, a condenser 2, a biomass oil collection tank, an induced draft fan 1 and a gas combustion chamber, the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device comprising an integrated main tank, a feeding assembly, an electric guide rod assembly and a carbon outlet spiral tube, the integrated main tank is sequentially arranged from top to bottom as a pyrolysis chamber, a transition chamber and a self-regulating chamber, a pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber is arranged at the lower part of the self-regulating chamber, the feeding assembly is arranged on the pyrolysis chamber, the stirring assembly is arranged in the integrated main tank, and it runs through the pyrolysis chamber, the transition chamber and the self-regulating chamber, the carbon outlet spiral tube is arranged at the lower end of the self-regulating chamber, and the pyrolysis product outlet of the pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber is connected to the gas inlet of the condenser 1. The gas outlet of condenser one is connected to the gas inlet of condenser two, and the gas outlet of condenser two is connected to the inlet of induced draft fan one. The lower part of condenser one and the lower part of condenser two are both connected to the biomass oil collection pool, and the outlet of induced draft fan one is connected to the inlet of gas combustion chamber. The outlet of gas combustion chamber is divided into two paths, one is connected to the self-regulating chamber of biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, and the other is connected to the pyrolysis chamber of biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device. One side of the self-regulating chamber and one side of the pyrolysis chamber are both connected to induced draft fan two. After heat exchange in the two paths, the flue gas is respectively drawn out and discharged by the corresponding induced draft fans two. The flue gas in the self-regulating chamber in the integrated main tank is used to regulate the temperature of biomass charcoal, and the flue gas in the pyrolysis chamber is used to provide the heat required for pyrolysis. The high-quality charcoal produced is discharged from the charcoal outlet arranged at the bottom of the charcoal outlet spiral tube.

[0007] The above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis self-regulating device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-producing biochar, the feeding component includes a feed hopper and a screw feeder, the screw feeder is arranged horizontally, one end of which is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the feed hopper is installed on the screw feeder.

[0008] The above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis self-regulating device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar, the electric guide rod assembly includes a reducer and a main rod, the reducer is installed on the upper part of the integrated main tank, and its output end is transmission connected with the main rod, the main rod runs through the pyrolysis chamber, the transition chamber and the self-regulating chamber, and the main rod is fixed with support rods, spiral plates and stirring plates from top to bottom in sequence, and the support rods, spiral plates and stirring plates correspond to the pyrolysis chamber, the transition chamber and the self-regulating chamber respectively.

[0009] The above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis self-regulating device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar, the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a level meter and a multi-layer pyrolysis bed, the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, the inlet of the multi-layer pyrolysis bed is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet, the outlet of the multi-layer pyrolysis bed is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and the outlet of the gas combustion chamber is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet.

[0010] The above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis self-regulation device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar, the self-regulating chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas chamber, the high-temperature flue gas chamber is connected to the gas combustion chamber outlet, a plurality of transversely arranged and parallel heat-conducting rods are provided in the high-temperature flue gas chamber, the high-temperature flue gas chamber is provided with a self-regulating chamber flue gas inlet which is fluidly connected to the gas combustion chamber outlet, one end of the heat-conducting rod is located in the high-temperature flue gas chamber, and the other end is located in the self-regulating chamber, the pyrolysis mixture exhaust chamber is separated from the self-regulating chamber by an exhaust orifice plate, the pyrolysis mixture exhaust chamber is provided with a pyrolysis mixture outlet, which is connected to the gas inlet of condenser one.

[0011] In the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis self-regulating device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar, thermocouples are provided in the pyrolysis chamber and the self-regulating chamber, and the thermocouples are used to measure the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber and the self-regulating chamber.

[0012] In the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis self-regulating device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and co-producing biochar, the pyrolysis bed in the pyrolysis chamber is 15-20 degrees from the horizontal plane, which is convenient for the pyrolysis solid product to move downward.

[0013] A process for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, using the device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, comprising the following steps:

[0014] s1: Biomass pyrolysis and product self-regulation: Biomass is fed into the pyrolysis chamber through the feed assembly, and a pyrolysis reaction occurs in the pyrolysis chamber where the pyrolysis bed provides heat. The mixed gas produced by pyrolysis enters the product self-regulation chamber through the transition chamber under the action of the induced draft fan. At the same time, the biomass char produced by pyrolysis enters the product self-regulation chamber under the action of spiral rotation in the transition chamber. The temperature of the self-regulation chamber is regulated by the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas. The organic matter in the pyrolysis mixed gas reacts in the self-regulation chamber and is drawn out by the induced draft fan;

[0015] S2: Collection of biomass oil: The mixed gas obtained in S1 is sent to condenser 1 and condenser 2 to recover biomass oil;

[0016] S3: Reuse of non-condensable gas after biomass oil recovery: The gas after biomass oil recovery is sent into the gas combustion chamber by the induced draft fan. Part of the high-temperature flue gas generated is sent to the pyrolysis bed of the pyrolysis chamber to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, and the other part of the self-regulating chamber is used to regulate the temperature required for biochar;

[0017] s4: Recovery of biochar: The biochar after passing through the self-regulating chamber is discharged after spiral cooling.

[0018] This device adopts a layered pyrolysis bed in a unique pyrolysis chamber, and generates heat through the combustion of non-condensable gas produced by pyrolysis to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, control the pyrolysis temperature, and achieve directional pyrolysis; a unique self-regulating chamber is used to regulate the temperature of biochar produced by pyrolysis (the regulated heat also comes from the combustion of non-condensable gas produced by pyrolysis), so that the biomass pyrolysis mixed gas catalyzes the production of high-quality oil while the biochar (catalyst) is constantly renewed, and there is no fluctuation in the oil quality due to catalyst deactivation; pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas self-regulation (oil quality improvement) and biochar quality improvement are combined in one device, the device is novel and unique, the integrated device is the key equipment and heat control is the key process in the production process, high-quality biooil is prepared while high-quality biochar is obtained, the products are diversified, and the economic and environmental benefits are significantly improved.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] 1. Through the coordinated arrangement of the integrated main tank, the feeding assembly, the electric guide rod assembly and the carbon outlet spiral tube, when in use, the biomass is put into the integrated main tank from the feeding assembly, and a thermal decomposition reaction occurs in the pyrolysis chamber. The mixed gas and biomass carbon produced by the pyrolysis enter the self-regulating chamber through the transition chamber. After the organic matter in the mixed gas reacts in the self-regulating chamber, it is led out by the induced draft fan 2. The mixed gas produced in the pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber is sent to the condenser 1 and the condenser 2 to recover the biomass oil. The gas after the biomass oil is recovered is sent to the gas combustion chamber by the induced draft fan 2. A part of the high-temperature flue gas produced is sent to the pyrolysis bed of the pyrolysis chamber to provide the heat required for pyrolysis. The other part of the self-regulating chamber is used to regulate the temperature required for the biomass carbon to exert its catalytic effect. The biomass carbon after passing through the self-regulating chamber is discharged after spiral cooling;

[0021] 2. This device adopts a unique layered pyrolysis bed in the pyrolysis chamber, which generates heat through the combustion of non-condensable gas produced by pyrolysis to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, control the pyrolysis temperature, and achieve directional pyrolysis;

[0022] 3. This device adopts a unique self-regulating chamber to regulate the temperature of biochar produced by pyrolysis (the regulating heat also comes from the combustion of non-condensable gas produced by pyrolysis), so that the biochar is constantly renewed while the biomass pyrolysis mixed gas is catalyzed to produce oil, and the oil quality fluctuation is not caused by catalyst deactivation;

[0023] 4. This device combines pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas self-regulation and biochar quality improvement in one device. The device is novel and unique. The integrated device is the key equipment and heat regulation is the key process in the production process. High-quality biomass oil is prepared while high-quality biochar is obtained. The products are diversified and the economic and environmental benefits are significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pyrolysis bed in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the electric guide rod assembly of the present invention.

[0028] The reference numerals in the figure are represented as follows: 1-integrated main tank; 1-1-pyrolysis chamber; 1-1-1-high-temperature flue gas inlet; 1-1-2-high-temperature flue gas outlet; 1-2-transition chamber; 1-3-self-regulating chamber; 1-4-pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber; 2-condenser one; 3-condenser two; 4-biomass oil collection tank; 5-induced draft fan one; 6-gas combustion chamber; 7-carbon outlet spiral pipe; 8-induced draft fan two; 9-feed hopper; 10-screw feeder; 11-reducer; 12-main rod; 13-support rod; 14-spiral blade; 15-stirring blade; 16-level meter; 17-pyrolysis bed; 18-high-temperature flue gas chamber; 19-heat conducting rod; 20-self-regulating chamber flue gas inlet; 21-exhaust orifice plate; 22-pyrolysis mixed gas outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, a condenser 2, a condenser 3, a biomass oil collection pool 4, an induced draft fan 5 and a gas combustion chamber 6. The biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device includes an integrated main tank 1, a feeding assembly, an electric guide rod assembly and a carbon outlet spiral pipe 7. The integrated main tank 1 is arranged from top to bottom as a pyrolysis chamber 1-1, a transition chamber 1-2 and a self-regulating chamber 1-3. The lower part of the self-regulating chamber 1-3 is provided with a pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber 1-4. The feeding assembly is arranged on the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, and the stirring assembly is arranged in the integrated main tank 1, and it runs through the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, the transition chamber 1-2 and the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The carbon outlet spiral pipe 7 is arranged at the lower end of the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The pyrolysis product outlet of the pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber 1-4 is connected to the gas inlet of the condenser 2, and the gas outlet of the condenser 2 is connected to the condenser 3. The gas inlet of the condenser 2 is connected, the gas outlet of the condenser 2 3 is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan 1 5, the lower part of the condenser 2 and the lower part of the condenser 2 3 are both connected to the biomass oil collection pool 4, the outlet of the induced draft fan 5 is connected to the inlet of the gas combustion chamber 6, and the outlet of the gas combustion chamber 6 is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the self-regulating chamber 1-3 of the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, and the other is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 of the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device. One side of the self-regulating chamber 1-3 and one side of the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 are both connected to the induced draft fan 2 8, and the flue gas of the two paths after heat exchange is respectively discharged by the corresponding induced draft fans 2 8, the flue gas of the self-regulating chamber 1-3 in the integrated main tank 1 is used to regulate the temperature of the biomass charcoal, and the flue gas of the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 is used to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, and the high-quality charcoal produced is discharged from the charcoal outlet provided at the bottom of the charcoal outlet spiral tube 7;Through the coordinated arrangement of the integrated main tank 1, the feed assembly, the electric guide rod assembly and the carbon outlet spiral tube 7, when in use, the biomass is put into the integrated main tank 1 from the feed assembly, a material level meter 16 and a multi-layer pyrolysis bed 17 are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, the material level meter 16 is used to detect the amount of feeding, the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 1-1-1 and a high-temperature flue gas outlet 1-1-2, the inlet of the multi-layer pyrolysis bed 17 is fluidly connected with the high-temperature flue gas inlet 1-1-1, and the multi-layer pyrolysis bed 17 is connected with the high-temperature flue gas inlet 1-1-1. The outlet is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet 1-1-2, the outlet of the gas combustion chamber 6 is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet 1-1-1, a thermal decomposition reaction occurs in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, and the mixed gas and biomass carbon produced by the pyrolysis enter the self-regulating chamber 1-3 through the transition chamber 1-2. The self-regulating chamber 1-3 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas chamber 18, and the high-temperature flue gas chamber 18 is connected to the outlet of the gas combustion chamber 6. The high-temperature flue gas chamber 18 is provided with a plurality of transversely arranged and parallel heat conducting rods 19, a high-temperature flue gas The chamber 18 is provided with a self-regulating chamber flue gas inlet 20 which is fluidly connected to the outlet of the gas combustion chamber 6. One end of the heat conducting rod 19 is located in the high-temperature flue gas chamber 18, and the other end is located in the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber 1-4 is separated from the self-regulating chamber 1-3 by an exhaust orifice plate 21. The pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber 1-4 is provided with a pyrolysis mixed gas outlet 22 which is connected to the gas inlet of the condenser 2. The mixed gas organic matter reacts in the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The mixed gas generated in the pyrolysis mixed gas extraction chamber 1-4 is then led out by the induced draft fan 2 8, and is sent to the condenser 1 2 and the condenser 2 3 to recover the biomass oil. The gas after the biomass oil is recovered is sent to the gas combustion chamber 6 by the induced draft fan 2 8. A part of the generated high-temperature flue gas is sent to the pyrolysis bed 17 of the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, and the other part is used to adjust the temperature required by the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The biomass charcoal after passing through the self-regulating chamber 1-3 is discharged after spiral cooling. ;

[0030] The device adopts a layered pyrolysis bed 17 in a unique pyrolysis chamber 1-1, and generates heat through the combustion of non-condensable gas produced by pyrolysis to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, control the pyrolysis temperature, and achieve directional pyrolysis; a unique self-regulating chamber 1-3 is used to regulate the temperature of biochar produced by pyrolysis (the regulated heat also comes from the combustion of non-condensable gas produced by pyrolysis), so that the biochar is constantly renewed while the biomass pyrolysis mixed gas catalyzes the oil production, and the oil quality fluctuates without being caused by catalyst deactivation; pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas self-regulation and biochar quality improvement are combined in one device, the device is novel and unique, the integrated device is the key equipment and heat regulation is the key process in the production process, high-quality biomass oil is prepared while high-quality biochar is obtained, the products are diversified, and the economic and environmental benefits are significantly improved.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, the feeding assembly includes a feeding hopper 9 and a screw feeder 10. The screw feeder 10 is arranged horizontally, and one end of the screw feeder 10 is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber 1-1. The feeding hopper 9 is installed on the screw feeder 10. Through the coordinated arrangement of the feeding hopper 9 and the screw feeder 10, when in use, the biomass is poured into the equipment using the feeding hopper 9 to avoid its spilling and waste. Starting the screw feeder 10 can facilitate the rapid delivery of the biomass to the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, providing great convenience for people.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the electric guide rod assembly includes a reducer 11 and a main rod 12. The reducer 11 is installed on the upper part of the integrated main tank 1, and its output end is connected to the main rod 12 in a transmission manner. The main rod 12 runs through the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, the transition chamber 1-2 and the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The main rod 12 is fixed with a support rod 13, a spiral sheet 14 and a stirring sheet 15 from top to bottom. The support rod 13, the spiral sheet 14 and the stirring sheet 15 correspond to the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, the transition chamber 1-2 and the self-regulating chamber 1-3 one by one; through the reducer 11 and the main rod 12 With the coordinated setting, when in use, the motor drives the main rod 12 to rotate, and the reducer 11 can adjust the speed of the main rod 12 to meet the needs of use. The main rod 12 rotates, driving the support rod 13, the spiral blade 14 and the stirring blade 15 to rotate, so that the heat transfer can be enhanced by rotating the lever in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 and the self-regulating chamber 1-3, so that the temperature in the chamber tends to be consistent, and it has an anti-bridging effect. In the transition chamber 1-2, the biochar produced by pyrolysis is mainly introduced into the self-regulating chamber 1-3 evenly through the spiral blade 14, and the chamber is divided, so that the equipment can be used more effectively.

[0033] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, thermocouples are provided in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 and the self-regulating chamber 1-3, and the thermocouples are used to measure the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 and the self-regulating chamber 1-3. The pyrolysis bed 17 in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 is 15-20 degrees to the horizontal plane to facilitate the downward movement of the pyrolysis solid product.

[0034] The process method of preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis in this embodiment, using a device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, comprises the following steps:

[0035] s1: Biomass pyrolysis and product self-regulation: The biomass group is fed into the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 through the feed assembly, and a pyrolysis reaction occurs in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 where the pyrolysis bed 17 provides heat. The mixed gas produced by the pyrolysis enters the product self-regulating chamber 1-3 through the transition chamber 1-2 under the action of the induced draft fan. At the same time, the biomass char produced by the pyrolysis enters the product self-regulating chamber 1-3 under the action of the spiral rotation in the transition chamber 1-2. The temperature of the self-regulating chamber 1-3 is regulated by the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas. The organic matter in the pyrolysis mixed gas reacts in the self-regulating chamber 1-3 and is drawn out by the induced draft fan;

[0036] S2: Collection of biomass oil: The mixed gas obtained in S1 is sent to condenser 1 2 and condenser 2 3 to recover biomass oil;

[0037] s3: Recycling of non-condensable gas after biomass oil recovery: The gas after biomass oil recovery is sent into the gas combustion chamber 6 by the induced draft fan, and part of the generated high-temperature flue gas is sent to the pyrolysis bed 17 of the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, and the other part is used in the self-regulating chamber 1-3 to regulate the temperature required for biochar;

[0038] s4: Recovery of biochar: The biochar after passing through the self-regulating chambers 1-3 is discharged after spiral cooling.

[0039] This device is used for the case of biomass-to-oil co-production of biochar: poplar wood chips are added from the feed hopper 9 and sent into the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 of the integrated main tank 1 through the screw feeder 10. When there is no combustible gas, the gas combustion chamber 6 generates high-temperature flue gas through the combustion of natural gas, which is sent into the pyrolysis bed 17 of the pyrolysis chamber 1-1. The temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 is controlled to be 600°C (the required temperature is set according to demand). During the pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis chamber 1-1, the poplar wood chips move downward under the drive of the electric guide rod assembly (the speed of the electric guide rod assembly is adjusted according to the degree of pyrolysis). When the poplar biochar passes through the transition chamber 1-2 and reaches the self-regulating chamber 1-3, it starts The flue gas heating system of the automatic regulating chamber 1-3 is activated to make the temperature of the automatic regulating chamber reach 850°C (the required temperature is set according to demand). At this time, the mixed gas produced by the pyrolysis chamber 1-1 enters the automatic regulating chamber 1-3 and undergoes catalytic reforming of biochar. The reformed mixed gas enters condenser 1-2 and condenser 2-3 to recover high-quality biooil. Part of the non-sticky combustible gas is sent to the gas combustion chamber 6 through the induced draft fan 5 to replace natural gas combustion, and the rest can be supplied to the outside. High-quality biochar is continuously discharged from the carbon outlet spiral tube 7, which achieves the production of high-quality biooil while obtaining biochar with a high specific surface area, significantly improving the economic and environmental benefits.

[0040] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, characterized in that: The invention comprises a biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, a condenser 1 (2), a condenser 2 (3), a biomass oil collection pool (4), an induced draft fan 1 (5) and a gas combustion chamber (6), wherein the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device comprises an integrated main tank (1), a feed assembly, an electric guide rod assembly and a carbon outlet spiral tube (7), wherein the integrated main tank (1) is sequentially arranged from top to bottom as a pyrolysis chamber (1-1), a transition chamber (1-2) and a self-regulating chamber (1-3), wherein a pyrolysis mixed gas extraction chamber (1-4) is arranged at the lower part of the self-regulating chamber (1-3), the feed assembly is arranged on the pyrolysis chamber (1-1), and the stirring assembly is arranged on the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber (1-1). The invention is arranged in an integrated main tank (1), and runs through a pyrolysis chamber (1-1), a transition chamber (1-2) and a self-regulating chamber (1-3); a carbon outlet spiral tube (7) is arranged at the lower end of the self-regulating chamber (1-3); a pyrolysis product outlet of a pyrolysis mixed gas extraction chamber (1-4) is connected to a gas inlet of a condenser (2); a gas outlet of the condenser (2) is connected to a gas inlet of a condenser (3); a gas outlet of the condenser (3) is connected to an inlet of an induced draft fan (5); the lower part of the condenser (2) and the lower part of the condenser (3) are both connected to a biomass oil collection pool (4); an outlet of the induced draft fan (5) is connected to an outlet of the induced draft fan (5); The outlet of the gas combustion chamber (6) is connected to the inlet of the gas combustion chamber (6), and the outlet of the gas combustion chamber (6) is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the self-regulating chamber (1-3) of the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device, and the other is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) of the biomass pyrolysis self-regulating integrated device. One side of the self-regulating chamber (1-3) and one side of the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) are both connected to induced draft fans (8). After heat exchange in the two paths, the flue gas is respectively drawn out and emptied by the corresponding induced draft fans (8). The flue gas in the self-regulating chamber (1-3) in the integrated main tank (1) is used to regulate the temperature of the biomass charcoal, and the flue gas in the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) is used to regulate the temperature of the biomass charcoal. The heat required for pyrolysis is provided, and the high-quality char produced is discharged from a char outlet provided at the bottom of the char outlet spiral tube (7); a material level meter (16) and a multi-layer pyrolysis bed (17) are provided in the pyrolysis chamber (1-1); a high-temperature flue gas inlet (1-1-1) and a high-temperature flue gas outlet (1-1-2) are provided on the pyrolysis chamber (1-1); the inlet of the multi-layer pyrolysis bed (17) is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet (1-1-1); the outlet of the multi-layer pyrolysis bed (17) is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet (1-1-2); and the outlet of the gas combustion chamber (6) is fluidly connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet (1-1-1);The self-regulating chamber (1-3) is provided with a high-temperature smoke chamber (18), the high-temperature smoke chamber (18) is connected to the outlet of the gas combustion chamber (6), a plurality of transversely arranged and parallel heat conducting rods (19) are provided in the high-temperature smoke chamber (18), and a self-regulating chamber smoke inlet (20) is provided in the high-temperature smoke chamber (18) and is fluidically connected to the outlet of the gas combustion chamber (6), one end of the heat conducting rod (19) is located in the high-temperature smoke chamber (18), and the other end is located in the self-regulating chamber (1-3), the pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber (1-4) is separated from the self-regulating chamber (1-3) by an exhaust orifice plate (21), and the pyrolysis mixed gas exhaust chamber (1-4) is provided with a pyrolysis mixed gas outlet (22), which is connected to the gas inlet of the condenser (2). ; 2. The device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The feeding assembly comprises a feeding hopper (9) and a screw feeder (10). The screw feeder (10) is arranged transversely, one end of which is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber (1-1), and the feeding hopper (9) is installed on the screw feeder (10).

3. The device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric guide rod assembly comprises a reducer (11) and a main rod (12). The reducer (11) is installed on the upper part of the integrated main tank (1), and its output end is connected to the main rod (12) in a transmission manner. The main rod (12) passes through the pyrolysis chamber (1-1), the transition chamber (1-2) and the self-regulating chamber (1-3). A support rod (13), a spiral sheet (14) and a stirring sheet (15) are fixed on the main rod (12) from top to bottom in sequence. The support rod (13), the spiral sheet (14) and the stirring sheet (15) correspond to the pyrolysis chamber (1-1), the transition chamber (1-2) and the self-regulating chamber (1-3) one by one.

4. The device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pyrolysis chamber (1-1) and the self-regulating chamber (1-3) are provided with thermocouples, and the thermocouples are used to measure the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) and the self-regulating chamber (1-3).

5. The device for preparing high-quality bio-oil and biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis bed (17) in the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) is 15-20 degrees from the horizontal plane, so as to facilitate the downward movement of the pyrolysis solid products.

6. A process for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-produced biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis, characterized in that: The device for preparing high-quality bio-oil co-production of biochar by self-regulating biomass pyrolysis according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps: s1: Biomass pyrolysis and product self-regulation: Biomass is fed into the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) through a feed assembly, and a pyrolysis reaction occurs in the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) where the pyrolysis bed (17) provides heat. The mixed gas produced by the pyrolysis enters the product self-regulating chamber (1-3) through the transition chamber (1-2) under the action of an induced draft fan. At the same time, the biomass char produced by the pyrolysis enters the product self-regulating chamber (1-3) under the action of spiral rotation in the transition chamber (1-2). The temperature of the self-regulating chamber (1-3) is regulated by the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas. Organic matter in the pyrolysis mixed gas reacts in the self-regulating chamber (1-3) and is drawn out by the induced draft fan. S2: Collection of biomass oil: The mixed gas obtained in S1 is sent to condenser 1 (2) and condenser 2 (3) to recover biomass oil; s3: Recycling of non-condensable gas after biomass oil recovery: The gas after biomass oil recovery is sent into the gas combustion chamber (6) by the induced draft fan, and part of the generated high-temperature flue gas is sent to the pyrolysis bed (17) of the pyrolysis chamber (1-1) to provide the heat required for pyrolysis, and the other part is used in the self-regulating chamber (1-3) to regulate the temperature required for biochar; s4: Recovery of biochar: The biochar after passing through the self-regulating chamber (1-3) is discharged after spiral cooling.

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