A device for evaluating sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing and its application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and application for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and rolling. The device includes a frame, a stubble mechanism, a rolling mechanism, an operating mechanism, a power mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism; the front part of the frame as a whole is a rectangular parallelepiped chassis, the bottom is hollow, and the rear part is a support shaft structure composed of triangular plates; the stubble mechanism includes a stubble cutter shaft, a stubble motor and a stubble blade, wherein the stubble cutter shaft is vertically fixed on the rectangular parallelepiped chassis of the frame; the stubble motor is fixedly arranged on the stubble cutter shaft, and the stubble motor is connected to the stubble blade in a transmission manner. The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can perform stubble and rolling operations on sugarcane, and can ensure that each test area has a consistent rolling effect. Different rolling degrees can also be set, which overcomes the defect that the industry cannot perform good quantitative measurement when screening sugarcane varieties that withstand mechanical harvesting and rolling. At the same time, it can evaluate the effects of different rolling loads on sugarcane growth, which is beneficial to the screening of sugarcane varieties and the development of sugarcane mechanization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and more specifically, relates to a device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing and its application. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in my country. With the increasing shortage of manpower for sugarcane planting, the labor price has risen, resulting in the continuous increase in the cost of sugarcane production. The mechanization of sugarcane production has become an important way to reduce the cost of sugarcane production and promote the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry. However, the current degree of mechanization in sugarcane production is low, especially in the mechanical harvesting process. This is mainly due to the fact that during mechanical harvesting, large equipment such as harvesting machinery and collecting vehicles crush the perennial sugarcane rows when passing through the sugarcane fields, causing damage to the perennial sugarcane stumps, resulting in a decrease in the number of sugarcane perennial plants and poor growth potential, which seriously affects the sugarcane yield. Therefore, studying sugarcane varieties that are resistant to mechanical harvesting and crushing is one of the important tasks at present.

[0003] This research team has invented a method for breeding sugarcane varieties that are resistant to mechanical harvesting and crushing (patent number: ZL202010398264.2). However, it was found during the research process that the degree of crushing of the sugarcane fields was inconsistent during the crushing of harvesters and collection vehicles, as the four tires were mainly used for crushing. Some land and sugarcane stalks were crushed severely, while others were only slightly crushed. At the same time, different sizes of sugarcane fields use harvesters and collection vehicles of different specifications in production, some of which are small trucks and some are large transport vehicles, and the actual degree of crushing is also inconsistent. Therefore, the cultivation and screening of sugarcane varieties that are resistant to mechanical harvesting and crushing requires a consistent degree of crushing, and different degrees of crushing should be set according to actual production to select crushing-resistant sugarcane varieties suitable for different production modes. For example, if a sugarcane variety has good production performance but is only resistant to slight crushing, it can be promoted in small plots of sugarcane using light vehicles, while varieties with strong resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing can be promoted in plots with heavy crushing.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to study a device with consistent crushing effect and adjustable degree of crushing resistance to cooperate with relevant tests on sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing and its application. The device can not only ensure that each area in the test area has a consistent crushing effect, but also can set different crushing degrees, thereby overcoming the defect that the industry cannot perform a good quantitative measurement when screening sugarcane varieties that withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing. At the same time, the effect of different crushing loads on sugarcane growth can be evaluated, which is beneficial to the screening of sugarcane varieties and promotes the development of sugarcane mechanization.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0007] Provided is a device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing, comprising: a frame, a stubble-leveling mechanism, a crushing mechanism, an operating mechanism, and a power mechanism;

[0008] The overall front part of the frame is a rectangular box, the bottom is hollow, and the rear part is a support shaft structure;

[0009] The shaving mechanism specifically includes a shaving blade shaft, a shaving motor and a shaving blade, wherein the shaving motor is vertically fixed on the rectangular parallelepiped chassis of the frame; the output shaft of the shaving motor is fixed to the shaving blade shaft, the shaving blade is arranged along the circumferential direction of the shaving blade shaft, and the shaving motor drives the shaving blade shaft to rotate, thereby driving the shaving blade to rotate;

[0010] The rolling mechanism includes a ground wheel, a support shaft and a mounting bearing; support shafts are fixed at both ends of the ground wheel, and the support shafts are connected to the support shaft structure of the frame through the mounting bearings;

[0011] The power mechanism includes a wheel axle, a motor wheel and a battery; the motor wheel is fixedly mounted on both sides of the front of the frame through the wheel axle; the battery is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped chassis and is electrically connected to the motor wheel;

[0012] The operating mechanism comprises an operating rod and a controller; the operating rod is connected to the rectangular parallelepiped chassis at the front part of the frame and is arranged above the support shaft structure; the controller controls the motor wheel and the stubble motor to work.

[0013] The overall concept of the present invention is as follows: by setting up a frame to assemble the various components, the front section of the trimming mechanism can trim the sugarcane ratoons. The ground wheels of the rolling mechanism can uniformly roll all areas of the test site, which can improve both the test efficiency and the uniformity of rolling compared to the transmission four-wheel rolling. The electrified integrated structure avoids the need for a tractor to be towed by the existing structure, wherein the motor wheels can be directly mounted on both sides of the frame without the need for a transverse wheel axle. The electrified setting is more conducive to adjustment and control. Preferably, the battery is a rechargeable lithium battery.

[0014] Furthermore, the ground wheel is a hollow wheel structure and is provided with a closable material port, and different weights of counterweight materials are injected into the ground wheel to provide different rolling loads. The counterweight material can be liquid or other substances such as sand.

[0015] Furthermore, a telescopic counterweight rod is provided on both sides of the chassis, and a counterweight block is placed on the counterweight rod. Different numbers of counterweight blocks can be placed as needed to obtain different crushing weights.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary mechanism, which includes a fixed shaft, a scraper, and a protective cover; the scraper is fixed to the bottom of the chassis through the fixed shaft and separates the flattening mechanism and the rolling mechanism; the protective cover is arranged on both sides of the bottom of the rectangular chassis.

[0017] Furthermore, the horizontal cross section of the scraper is a triangle with a middle portion protruding forward, which is more conducive to evenly spreading the soil.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a linkage rod, and the two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected to the mounting bearing and the wheel axle. Specifically, the two ends of the linkage rod are respectively provided with a connection part with a perforation, and the two ends of the linkage rod are movably connected to the mounting bearing and the wheel axle. That is, the support shaft structure and the rolling mechanism can be adjusted according to the terrain.

[0019] Furthermore, the operating rod is arc-shaped, and a sponge cushion layer is provided on the operating rod.

[0020] Furthermore, the chassis is also provided with a video retracing mechanism, which specifically includes a monitoring camera, a microchip, a storage hard disk and a mobile battery, wherein the microchip is electrically connected to the monitoring camera, the storage hard disk and the mobile battery respectively; the monitoring camera is used to detect and observe the smoothness of the soil surface after the rolling mechanism is rolled; the image collected by the monitoring camera is stored in the storage hard disk through the microchip. Preferably, the monitoring camera is a dustproof camera.

[0021] The present application also provides a method for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Divide the sugarcane seedlings into plots of the same size for planting; after maturity, divide the planting plots into two groups, and use manual harvesting for the first group, and use the above-mentioned device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and rolling to perform stubble and rolling operations after harvesting, and the other group only uses the stubble-leveling device for stubble-leveling;

[0023] Step 2, observe the growth of ratoon sugarcane, and collect the weight and brix of the two groups of ratoon sugarcane;

[0024] Step 3, calculating the crushing resistance index of the sugarcane, when the index is greater than or equal to 1, the sugarcane variety is considered to be crushing resistant;

[0025] The mechanical harvesting crushing resistance index is the ratio of the mechanical harvesting hammer weight to the manual harvesting hammer weight, that is, the ratio of the first group of hammer weights to the other group of hammer weights; wherein, hammer weight = hammer degree × sugarcane weight.

[0026] The calculation model of sugarcane weight is:

[0027] Sugarcane weight = stem diameter 2×0.785×(plant height-20)×number of effective stems×γ÷1000;

[0028] The unit of sugarcane weight is kilogram; the stem diameter is the average diameter of sugarcane, in centimeters.

[0029] 0.785 is the conversion coefficient when calculating the cross-sectional area of ​​the sugarcane stem from its diameter. That is, when calculating the volume of the sugarcane stem, the product of 1 / 4 produced by converting the stem diameter into radius and pi is pi / 4.

[0030] Plant height is the average height of the aboveground part of sugarcane, in cm;

[0031] 20 is the correction value of sugarcane plant height converted into raw material sugarcane stem length, in cm;

[0032] The effective stem number refers to the number of sugarcane stems with a height of more than 1.0 meter in a certain area of ​​land during the maturity period, and the unit is stem / m 2 ;

[0033] γ is the specific gravity of sugarcane, which is 1.0 g / cm 3 ; 1000 is the multiple of sugarcane weight converted from grams to kilograms.

[0034] Furthermore, on the day when the sugarcane is harvested, the device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing is used to carry out stubble and crushing operations.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0036] 1. This device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and rolling combines a stubble-leveling mechanism with a rolling mechanism, which can simultaneously perform stubble-leveling management and rolling tests on perennial sugarcane, thereby improving test efficiency. The setting of the stubble-leveling mechanism can also level the sugarcane field, which is also conducive to the work of the rolling wheels. The rolling wheels of the rolling mechanism can uniformly roll all areas of the test field, which can improve both test efficiency and rolling uniformity compared to the transmission four-wheel rolling.

[0037] 2. In the present application, the rolling wheel can adopt a hollow structure, and a counterweight material can be filled inside the wheel. Different amounts of counterweight materials can be filled as needed to achieve different degrees of rolling. In addition, a counterweight rod with a telescopic structure can be set on both sides of the chassis, and a counterweight block can be placed on the counterweight rod. Different amounts of counterweight blocks can be placed as needed to obtain different rolling weights. That is, the device can truly simulate the rolling effect of transport vehicles with different loads, and the rolling weight can be quantified, which is conducive to evaluating the effects of different rolling loads on sugarcane growth.

[0038] 3. This application adopts an electric integrated structure, which avoids the need for a tractor to be towed by the existing structure, and is lighter and simpler. The motor wheels can be directly installed on both sides of the frame without the need for a transverse wheel axle. The front and rear parts of the frame are flexibly adjusted forward and backward through a connecting rod, which is beneficial for the staff to adjust the height angle during operation, avoids the impact on the operation of the ground wheel, and reduces the workload of the staff. The design of the scraper, operating lever, protective cover, etc. can maximize the effect of stubble leveling.

[0039] 4. The invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can achieve consistent rolling effects in all places, and can also set different rolling degrees, which greatly improves the test efficiency. The use of the equipment of the present application to evaluate ratoon sugarcane is conducive to shortening the screening cycle of rolling-resistant sugarcane varieties and promoting the development of sugarcane mechanization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the scraper of the present invention;

[0042] Name and serial number in the figure:

[0043] Chassis 1, support shaft structure 2, shaving knife shaft 3, shaving motor 4, shaving blade 5, ground wheel 6, mounting bearing 7, operating lever 8, controller 9, wheel axle 10, motor wheel 11, battery 12, scraper 14, protective cover 15, linkage rod 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory and should not have any limiting effect on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or are the orientation or positional relationship in which the invented product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and rolling is provided, which includes a frame, a stubble-leveling mechanism, a rolling mechanism, an operating mechanism, a power mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism; the front part of the frame as a whole is a rectangular parallelepiped chassis 1, the bottom is hollow, and the rear part is a support shaft structure 2 composed of triangular plates. Among them, the front part of the frame is used to fix the stubble-leveling mechanism, and the rear part is used to fix the rolling mechanism; the stubble-leveling mechanism is used for stubble-leveling operations in sugarcane fields; and the rolling mechanism is used to simulate mechanical harvesting and rolling.

[0051] Specifically, the stubble-leveling mechanism includes a stubble-leveling shaft 3, a stubble-leveling motor 4, and a stubble-leveling blade 5, wherein the stubble-leveling shaft 3 is vertically fixed on the rectangular parallelepiped chassis 1 of the frame; the output shaft of the stubble-leveling motor 4 is fixed to the stubble-leveling shaft 3, and the stubble-leveling blade 5 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the stubble-leveling shaft 3, and the stubble-leveling motor 4 drives the stubble-leveling shaft 3 to rotate, thereby driving the stubble-leveling blade 5 to rotate. The stubble-leveling mechanism can cut off the sugarcane stems exposed to the ground, reduce the risk of perennial sugarcane infection, and is conducive to the tillering growth of perennial sugarcane. At the same time, the sugarcane stubble-leveling mechanism can crush sugarcane leaves, weeds, etc., which is also conducive to the uniform rolling operation of the rolling mechanism.

[0052] Specifically, the rolling mechanism includes a ground wheel 6, a support shaft and a mounting bearing 7; support shafts are fixed at both ends of the ground wheel, and the support shaft is connected to the support shaft structure 2 of the frame through the mounting bearing 7. The rolling mechanism adopts a ground wheel structure. Compared with the traditional four-wheel vehicle rolling, the rolling intensity is consistent, and it is not easy to have a rolling dead angle, which can more objectively and accurately evaluate the rolling resistance of different sugarcane varieties. Furthermore, the ground wheel 6 is a hollow wheel body structure and is provided with a closable material port. Different weights of counterweight materials can be injected into the ground wheel 6 to provide different degrees of rolling loads. That is, multiple groups of test areas can be set up, and different test areas use different rolling loads.

[0053] In some embodiments, a counterweight rod of a telescopic structure is further provided on both sides of the chassis, and a counterweight block is placed on the counterweight rod. Different numbers of counterweight blocks can be placed as needed to obtain different rolling weights. In specific operations, a transverse support rod can be installed on the counterweight rod of the telescopic structure, and a fixing plate can be installed on the counterweight rod and the transverse support rod, and then the counterweight block is placed on the fixing plate. Guardrails, protective nets, binding ropes, etc. can also be provided to further fix the counterweight block. The provision of the telescopic rod and the counterweight block can increase the rolling load of the ground wheel, which is conducive to the implementation of high rolling load tests.

[0054] Specifically, the power mechanism includes a wheel axle 10, a motor wheel 11 and a battery 12; the motor wheel 11 is fixedly mounted on both sides of the front of the frame through the wheel axle 10; the battery 12 is arranged in the rectangular case 1, the battery 12 is electrically connected to the motor wheel 11, and provides power for the battery wheel 11. Preferably, the battery 12 is a rechargeable lithium battery 12. The motor wheel 11 is also provided with a steering device. This does not involve the invention of the present application, and specific reference may be made to the steering device of an existing remote control car.

[0055] Specifically, the operating mechanism includes an operating rod 8 and a controller 9; the operating rod 8 is composed of a triangular rod body, and is horizontally connected to the rectangular box 1 at the front part of the frame, and is arranged on the top of the support shaft structure 2. The controller 9 controls the operation of the motor wheel and the stubble motor. The controller 9 is a handheld controller, and is connected to the motor wheel and the stubble motor through infrared, Bluetooth, etc., and is used to control the movement of the motor wheel and the rotation of the stubble motor.

[0056] Specifically, the auxiliary mechanism includes a fixed shaft, a scraper 14, a protective cover 15 and a linkage rod 16; the scraper 14 is fixed to the bottom of the partition of the chassis 1 through a rotating shaft, and separates the flattening mechanism and the rolling mechanism. The protective cover 15 is arranged on both sides of the bottom of the rectangular chassis 1. The two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected to the mounting bearing 7 and the axle 10. The two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected to the mounting bearing and the axle. That is, the support shaft structure and the rolling mechanism can be adjusted according to the terrain. Preferably, the scraper 14 is a triangle with the middle part protruding forward. It is more conducive to the uniform spreading of the soil.

[0057] In some embodiments, the chassis 1 is also provided with a video retracing mechanism, which specifically includes a monitoring camera, a microchip, a storage hard disk, a mobile battery and a plurality of wires, wherein the microchip is electrically connected to the monitoring camera, the storage hard disk and the mobile battery respectively; the monitoring camera is used to detect and observe the smoothness of the soil surface after the rolling mechanism is rolled; the image collected by the monitoring camera is stored in the storage hard disk through the microchip. Preferably, the monitoring camera is a dustproof camera. Among them, multiple monitoring cameras can be set to observe the smoothness of the suppressed surface from multiple angles. Preferably, the monitoring camera is a dustproof camera. The monitoring camera is connected to the microchip, and can perform artificial intelligence image recognition technology in real time, score and evaluate the flatness, suppression effect and paving uniformity, and provide operators with specific real-time effects of the reference operation, wherein the microchip has preset standards for each rating, and the principle of image recognition technology is to compare and screen the similarity of the pictures.

[0058] In other embodiments, the chassis 1 is also provided with a system for recording the working hours and mileage of the operation, and the cutting blade and the pressing wheel are maintained and replaced according to the operating standards of each machine to ensure the effect of the operation.

[0059] The present application assembles the various components by setting up a frame. The stubble-leveling mechanism at the front section can stubble the sugarcane seedlings and can form rolling at the rear end. The electric integrated structure avoids the need for a tractor to be towed by the existing structure, wherein the motor wheel 11 can be directly installed on both sides of the frame without the need for a transverse axle 10. The front and rear parts of the frame are elastically adjusted forward and backward through a connecting rod, which is beneficial for the staff to adjust the height angle during operation, avoids the impact on the operation of the ground wheel 6, and reduces the workload of the staff. The scraper 14 at the bottom can comb the ground in sequence before rolling, making the ground smoother before rolling. The protective cover can effectively prevent the soil from piling up to both sides.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A method for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1, the sugarcane seedlings are divided into plots of the same area and specifications for planting; after maturity, the planting plots are divided into two groups, and they are harvested manually. The first group simulates machine harvesting, and after harvesting, the device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand machine harvesting and crushing in Example 1 is used to perform stubble and crushing operations, and the other group only uses the stubble-leveling device for stubble-leveling.

[0063] Step 2: Observe the growth of ratoon sugarcane and collect the weight and brix of the two groups of ratoon sugarcane.

[0064] Step 3: Calculate the sugarcane crushing resistance index. When the index is greater than or equal to 1, the variety is considered to be a crushing resistant sugarcane variety.

[0065] The mechanical harvesting crushing resistance index is the ratio of the mechanical harvesting hammer weight to the manual harvesting hammer weight, that is, the ratio of the first group of hammer weights to the other group of hammer weights; wherein, hammer weight = hammer degree × sugarcane weight.

[0066] The method of Example 2 was used to evaluate five sugarcane varieties (lines), Guitang 04-1545, Guitang 02-1721, Guitang 02-281, Guitang 06-244, and ROC22, to obtain the mechanical harvesting crushing resistance index of each variety (line), and the number of ratoon cane plants in the second year was investigated and recorded, and the ratoon cane plant rate of the harvesting plot was calculated: the plant rate of mechanically harvested ratoon cane = (the number of mechanically harvested ratoon cane plants / the number of effective stems of newly planted sugarcane) × 100%; and the data were recorded as follows:

[0067] The mechanical crushing resistance index and ratoon rate of different sugarcane varieties (lines):

[0068] A: Guitang 04-1545 1.7 106.0 ;

[0069] B: Guitang 02-1721 1.3 94.0;

[0070] C: Guitang 02-281 1.0 75.0 ;

[0071] D: Guitang 04-153 0.9 55.0 ;

[0072] E:ROC22 0.8 49.0.

[0073] This evaluation method uses an independently developed device for evaluating sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing to conduct tests. It can provide consistent crushing intensity and is less likely to have crushing dead corners. It can more objectively and accurately evaluate sugarcane's resistance to crushing, which is conducive to the screening of crush-resistant sugarcane varieties.

[0074] In summary, the device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can perform stubble and crushing operations on sugarcane and ensure that each test area has a consistent crushing effect. Different crushing degrees can also be set, which overcomes the defect that the industry cannot perform good quantitative measurement when screening sugarcane varieties that withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing. At the same time, it can evaluate the effects of different crushing loads on sugarcane growth, which is beneficial to the screening of sugarcane varieties and the development of sugarcane mechanization.

[0075] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0076] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above are only preferred implementation methods of the present invention. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression, there are objectively infinite specific structures. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, they can make several improvements, modifications or changes, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing, characterized in that: include: Frame, shaving mechanism, rolling mechanism, operating mechanism, power mechanism; The overall front part of the frame is a rectangular box, the bottom is hollow, and the rear part is a support shaft structure; The shaving mechanism specifically includes a shaving blade shaft, a shaving motor and a shaving blade, wherein the shaving motor is vertically fixed on the rectangular parallelepiped chassis of the frame; the output shaft of the shaving motor is fixed to the shaving blade shaft, the shaving blade is arranged along the circumferential direction of the shaving blade shaft, and the shaving motor drives the shaving blade shaft to rotate, thereby driving the shaving blade to rotate; The rolling mechanism includes a ground wheel, a support shaft and a mounting bearing; support shafts are fixed at both ends of the ground wheel, and the support shafts are connected to the support shaft structure of the frame through the mounting bearings; the ground wheel is a hollow wheel body structure and is provided with a material port that can be opened and closed, and different weights of counterweight materials are injected into the ground wheel to provide different rolling loads; The two sides of the chassis are also provided with telescopic counterweight rods, on which counterweight blocks are placed; The power mechanism includes a wheel axle, a motor wheel and a battery; the motor wheel is fixedly mounted on both sides of the front of the frame through the wheel axle; the battery is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped chassis and is electrically connected to the motor wheel; The operating mechanism comprises an operating rod and a controller; the operating rod is connected to the rectangular parallelepiped chassis at the front part of the frame and is arranged above the support shaft structure; the controller controls the motor wheel and the stubble motor to work.

2. The device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary mechanism, which includes a fixed shaft, a scraper, and a protective cover; the scraper is fixed to the bottom of the chassis through the fixed shaft, and separates the flattening mechanism from the rolling mechanism; The protective covers are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped chassis.

3. The device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal cross section of the scraper is a triangle with a middle portion bulging forward.

4. The device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a linkage rod, and two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected to the mounting bearing and the wheel axle.

5. The device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating rod is arc-shaped and a sponge cushion layer is provided on the operating rod.

6. The device for evaluating the sugarcane's resistance to mechanical harvesting and crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis is also provided with a video retracing mechanism, which specifically includes a monitoring camera, a microchip, a storage hard disk and a mobile battery, wherein the microchip is electrically connected to the monitoring camera, the storage hard disk and the mobile battery respectively; the monitoring camera is used to detect and observe the smoothness of the soil surface after the rolling mechanism has rolled; The images collected by the monitoring camera are stored in a storage hard disk via a microchip.

7. A method for evaluating the ability of sugarcane to withstand mechanical harvesting and crushing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, the sugarcane seedlings are divided into plots of the same size for planting; after maturity, the planting plots are divided into two groups, and they are harvested manually. The first group simulates machine harvesting, and after harvesting, the device for evaluating the mechanical harvesting and crushing ability of sugarcane according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used for stubble and crushing operations, and the other group only uses the stubble-cutting device for stubble-cutting; Step 2, observe the growth of ratoon sugarcane, and collect the weight and brix of the two groups of ratoon sugarcane; Step 3, calculating the crushing resistance index of the sugarcane, when the index is greater than or equal to 1, the sugarcane variety is considered to be crushing resistant; The mechanical harvesting crushing resistance index is the ratio of the mechanical harvesting hammer weight to the manual harvesting hammer weight, that is, the ratio of the first group of hammer weights to the other group of hammer weights; wherein, hammer weight = hammer degree × sugarcane weight.

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