A pipeline hydraulic compensator and compensation method suitable for deep sea environment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pipeline hydraulic compensator and compensation method suitable for deep-sea environment, comprising a first cylinder body which is cylindrical and hollow inside, a piston is arranged inside the first cylinder body, a second cylinder body with a diameter smaller than the first cylinder body is extended outward from the top end of the first cylinder body, an end cover is installed on the top end of the second cylinder body through a fastener, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the end cover, an adjustment rod extends into the inside of the second cylinder body through the through hole, the end of the adjustment rod located inside the second cylinder body is connected to the piston through a compression spring, a step is formed between the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body to hinder the movement of the piston, a cover plate is sealed and installed at the bottom end of the first cylinder body, a connector is arranged in the middle of the cover plate, and the connector connects the hydraulic pipeline and the inside of the first cylinder body. By arranging the spring and the piston, the hydraulic compensator can meet the use scenario of constantly changing pressure, and the hydraulic oil can be replenished for the equipment in time to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of submersible compensation equipment, and in particular to a pipeline hydraulic compensator and a compensation method suitable for deep sea environments. Background Art

[0002] The manual jettisoning mechanism is an emergency device equipped on manned submersibles. The mechanism uses a manual pump as a power source, and the manual pump and the manual jettisoning mechanism are connected by a hydraulic pipeline. During the diving process of the manned submersible, the volume of hydraulic oil inside the hydraulic pipeline between the manual pump and the manual jettisoning mechanism will decrease as the diving depth of the submersible increases.

[0003] The hydraulic oil compensators used on submersibles are mostly of the airbag type. The airbag hydraulic oil compensators use a rubber film to achieve pressure balance. They can only withstand a small hydraulic pressure. Since the working pressure of the manual jettisoning mechanism is more than ten MPa, the airbag hydraulic compensator cannot directly withstand the hydraulic power of the manual jettisoning mechanism and is not suitable as a hydraulic compensator for the hydraulic pipeline between the manual pump and the manual jettisoning mechanism.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to prevent the manual jettisoning mechanism from being paralyzed or failing due to the reduction in the volume of hydraulic oil, when the submersible dives to a shallow depth and the external pressure of seawater is more than ten MPa, the hydraulic pipeline between the manual pump and the manual jettisoning mechanism mostly adopts a composite multi-layer hydraulic hose or a thin-walled metal pipe. Such pipelines can withstand an external pressure of more than ten MPa, but under an external pressure of several tens of MPa, the hydraulic pipeline will be deformed and damaged. If the submersible needs to dive to a depth of seawater with an external pressure of several tens of MPa, the hydraulic pipeline between the manual pump and the manual jettisoning mechanism mostly adopts a thick-walled metal pipe, which will greatly increase the wall thickness of the thin-walled metal pipe, thereby increasing the weight of the hydraulic pipeline and the burden on the submersible. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings in the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a reasonable pipeline hydraulic compensator and compensation method suitable for deep-sea environment, which can provide hydraulic compensation for composite multi-layer hydraulic hoses or thin-walled metal pipes, so that the hydraulic pipeline can withstand the high pressure of seawater of tens of MPa, thereby reducing the requirements for the wall thickness and materials of the hydraulic pipeline; and can meet the demand for the use of high hydraulic pressure when the actuator is working, and meet the use scenarios of high hydraulic pressure while realizing the hydraulic compensation function.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep-sea environment, comprising a first cylinder body which is cylindrical and hollow inside, a piston is arranged inside the first cylinder body, a second cylinder body with a diameter smaller than the first cylinder body is extended outward from the top end of the first cylinder body, an end cover is installed on the top end of the second cylinder body through a fastener, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the end cover, an adjusting rod passes through the through hole, the adjusting rod extends into the interior of the second cylinder body through the through hole, the end of the adjusting rod located inside the second cylinder body is connected to the piston through a compression spring, a step that hinders the movement of the piston is formed between the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body, a cover plate is sealed and installed on the bottom end of the first cylinder body, a connector is arranged in the middle of the cover plate, and the connector connects the hydraulic pipeline and the interior of the first cylinder body.

[0008] Its further technical solution is:

[0009] The output end of the connector is also provided with a pressure gauge, which displays the pressure inside the first cylinder.

[0010] The top end of the piston is provided with a first guide shaft which is installed in cooperation with a compression spring, the middle part of the top end of the first guide shaft is provided with a first cavity, the middle part of the bottom end of the piston is provided with a piston cavity, the side end of the piston is provided with a first groove, a second groove and a third groove along the circumference, piston rings are provided inside the first groove and the third groove, and a seal is provided inside the second groove.

[0011] The interior of the piston cavity is filled with a plastic mass.

[0012] A plurality of water-permeable holes are evenly arranged along the circumference of the side end of the second cylinder, and a fixing plate is arranged at the top end of the second cylinder.

[0013] The structure of the end cover is as follows: it includes a disc-shaped mounting plate, a cylindrical boss is arranged in the middle of the mounting plate, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the boss to cooperate with the adjusting rod, the interior of the through hole is processed with an internal thread, and a plurality of mounting holes are evenly arranged on the circumference of the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is installed in cooperation with the fixed plate through the mounting holes.

[0014] The structure of the adjusting rod is as follows: it includes a disc-shaped guide plate, an adjusting shaft is arranged at the top of the guide plate, a fourth groove is arranged at the top of the adjusting shaft, a second guide shaft is arranged at the bottom of the guide plate and is installed in cooperation with a compression spring, and a second cavity is opened in the middle of the bottom end of the second guide shaft.

[0015] The cover plate is sealed and installed with the inner wall of the first cylinder through a sealing ring.

[0016] A compensation method using the above pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1. Determine the appropriate size of the hydraulic compensator according to the working environment of the submersible, and the maximum working pressure P of the hydraulic oil in the submersible. H The minimum value of the cavity volume V2 formed by the first cylinder, piston, plastic block and cover plate of the hydraulic compensator can be obtained by the compression rate e under:

[0018] V2≥e·V1 / (1-e) (1)

[0019] Where:

[0020] V1 represents the total volume of the compensated hydraulic oil;

[0021] V2 represents the volume of the cavity formed by the first cylinder, piston, plastic block and cover plate of the hydraulic compensator, that is, V2 represents the compensation volume of the hydraulic compensator;

[0022] e represents the compression rate of the hydraulic oil at the maximum working pressure PH of the submersible;

[0023] In order to keep the compression spring in a compressed state at all times, the maximum working compression H of the compression spring must satisfy the following formula:

[0024] H≥ΔH1+H M (2)

[0025] Where:

[0026] ΔH1 represents the minimum compression of the compression spring;

[0027] H M Indicates the maximum stroke of the piston;

[0028] The minimum compression ΔH1 of the compression spring is:

[0029] ΔH1=(P0·π·r 2 ) / K (3)

[0030] Where:

[0031] P0 represents the initial internal pressure P of the first cylinder allowed by the hydraulic compensator L Minimum pressure difference with the internal pressure of the hydraulic line to be connected;

[0032] r represents the bottom radius of the first cylinder;

[0033] K represents the spring stiffness;

[0034] π represents the ratio of a circle to a circle, which is 3.14.

[0035] Install the plastic block into the piston cavity, and install the piston and the first cylinder together. During the installation of the piston and the first cylinder, the sealing of the piston and the first cylinder is ensured by the piston ring and the sealing member;

[0036] S3. The cover plate and the first cylinder are installed by means of threaded fasteners, and a sealing ring is provided between the cover plate and the inner wall of the first cylinder;

[0037] S4. Install the connector to the middle of the cover plate and install the pressure gauge to the connector;

[0038] S5. Install the compression spring onto the first guide shaft extending into the interior of the second cylinder;

[0039] S6. Install the adjusting rod and the end cover through threaded fit and fasten them with nuts on the top of the mounting plate;

[0040] S7. The end cap is installed with the fixing plate through the threaded fastener. During the installation of the end cap, the boss is located inside the second cylinder and the second guide shaft of the adjusting rod is located inside the spring coil of the compression spring;

[0041] S8. Preparation before the submersible dives. The pressure gauge can display the internal pressure value of the first cylinder. The end of the sealing connector connected to the hydraulic pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the compression amount of the compression spring through the adjustment rod so that the initial pressure PL inside the first cylinder of the hydraulic compensator is the same as the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected. After the adjustment is completed, proceed to the next step;

[0042] S9. Install the hydraulic compensator and install the hydraulic compensator to the hydraulic pipeline of the submersible actuator through the connector;

[0043] S10. The submersible dives to perform the mission. During the diving process of the submersible, the hydraulic compensator performs hydraulic compensation on the hydraulic pipeline according to the working state of the actuator and the pressure state of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline.

[0044] When the actuator is not working, the compression rate e of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline will increase as the diving depth of the submersible increases. The piston moves forward in a straight line inside the first cylinder to push out the hydraulic oil inside the first cylinder. The compression spring is always in a compressed state to push the piston forward to compensate for the loss of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline due to the increase in external pressure during the diving of the submersible.

[0045] When the actuator is working, high pressure is generated in the hydraulic pipeline. Under the action of the high pressure, the piston moves linearly backward until it hits the step. The step bears the high pressure in the hydraulic pipeline when the actuator is working.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] The present invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. By arranging a spring and a piston, the hydraulic compensator can meet the use scenarios where the pressure is constantly changing, and the hydraulic oil can be replenished for the equipment in time to ensure the normal operation of the equipment; and by arranging a step to support the piston, the hydraulic compensator can be suitable for use scenarios when the working pressure of the equipment is high pressure.

[0048] The present invention also has the following advantages:

[0049] (1) By setting an adjustment rod and a pressure gauge, the internal pressure of the hydraulic compensator itself can be adjusted, so that when the hydraulic compensator and the compensated device are connected, the internal pressure of the hydraulic compensator can be adjusted to balance the internal pressure of the compensated device, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic compensation amount is not wasted to the maximum extent.

[0050] (2) By providing the first cavity, the second cavity, and the piston cavity filled with a plastic block, the weight of the hydraulic compensator can be reduced to reduce the burden on the submersible.

[0051] (3) By designing and calculating the appropriate hydraulic compensation amount and rationally designing the volume of the hydraulic compensator according to the hydraulic compensation amount, the structural space can be maximized and the utilization rate of the hydraulic compensator can be improved.

[0052] (4) By providing a seal and a piston ring for the piston and a sealing ring for the cover plate, the water tightness of the hydraulic compensator is ensured to meet the use requirements of the deep sea environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 for Figure 1 main view.

[0055] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Right view of .

[0056] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view of the .

[0057] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of section AA.

[0058] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the piston in the present invention.

[0059] Figure 7 for Figure 6 main view.

[0060] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of section BB.

[0061] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting rod in the present invention.

[0062] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end cover in the present invention.

[0063] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Side view of.

[0064] Fig.12 for Fig.11 Cross-sectional view of section CC.

[0065] Among them: 1. first cylinder; 2. second cylinder; 3. step; 4. piston; 5. adjusting rod; 6. end cover; 7. compression spring; 8. cover plate; 9. pressure gauge; 10. connector; 11. plastic block; 12. sealing ring;

[0066] 201, fixed plate; 202, water permeable hole;

[0067] 401, first guide shaft; 402, piston cavity; 403, first groove; 404, second groove; 405, third groove; 406, first cavity; 407, piston ring; 408, sealing member;

[0068] 501, second guide shaft; 502, guide plate; 503, adjustment shaft; 504, fourth groove; 505, second cavity;

[0069] 601, boss; 602, mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Embodiment 1:

[0072] This embodiment provides a pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment, and its structure and function are as follows:

[0073] like Figure 1-Figure 12As shown, a pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment comprises a cylindrical first cylinder 1 with a hollow interior, a piston 4 is arranged inside the first cylinder 1, the top end of the first cylinder 1 is connected to the second cylinder 2, the top end of the second cylinder 2 is matched with an end cover 6, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the end cover 6, an adjusting rod 5 is matched with the through hole, the adjusting rod 5 extends into the interior of the second cylinder 2 through the through hole, the adjusting rod 5 in the second cylinder 2 is elastically connected to the piston 4 through a compression spring 7, a step 3 for hindering the movement of the piston 4 is arranged at the connection between the first cylinder 1 and the second cylinder 2, a cover plate 8 is matched with the bottom end of the first cylinder 1, a connector 10 is arranged in the middle of the cover plate 8, and the connector 10 connects the hydraulic pipeline and the interior of the first cylinder 1. The interior of the first cylinder 1 is filled with hydraulic oil for compensation.

[0074] The output end of the connector 10 is also provided with a pressure gauge 9 , which displays the pressure inside the first cylinder 1 .

[0075] A first guide shaft 401 is provided at the top end of the piston 4 and is installed in cooperation with the compression spring 7. A first cavity 406 is provided in the middle of the top end of the first guide shaft 401. A piston cavity 402 is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the piston 4. A first groove 403, a second groove 404 and a third groove 405 are provided along the circumference of the side ends of the piston 4. Piston rings 407 are provided inside the first groove 403 and the third groove 405, and a seal 408 is provided inside the second groove 404.

[0076] The interior of the piston cavity 402 is filled with a plastic block 11. The plastic block 11 can reduce the weight of the hydraulic compensator.

[0077] The side end of the second cylinder 2 is evenly provided with a plurality of water-permeable holes 202 along the circumference, and the top of the second cylinder 2 is provided with a fixing plate 201. The water-permeable holes 202 can allow the air inside the second cylinder 2 to be discharged smoothly, thereby preventing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the second cylinder 2 from being too high.

[0078] The structure of the end cover 6 is as follows: it includes a disc-shaped mounting plate 602, a cylindrical boss 601 is arranged in the middle of the mounting plate 602, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the boss 601 for mounting in cooperation with the adjusting rod 5, and an internal thread is processed inside the through hole. Several mounting holes are evenly arranged on the circumference of the mounting plate 602, and the mounting plate 602 is mounted in cooperation with the fixed plate 201 through the mounting holes.

[0079] The structure of the adjusting rod 5 is as follows: it includes a disc-shaped guide plate 502, an adjusting shaft 503 is provided at the top of the guide plate 502, a fourth groove 504 is provided at the top of the adjusting shaft 503, a second guide shaft 501 which is installed in cooperation with the compression spring 7 is provided at the bottom of the guide plate 502, and a second cavity 505 is opened in the middle of the bottom end of the second guide shaft 501. The second guide shaft 501 is used as a guide for the other end of the compression spring 7 to guide the compression spring 7 to extend and retract; the guide plate 502 limits the position of the compression spring 7; the fourth groove 504 is used as a tool interface for adjusting the compression amount of the compression spring 7 and disassembling and assembling the adjusting rod 5; the second cavity 505 can reduce the weight of the hydraulic compensator; the side end of the adjusting shaft 503 is processed with an external thread which is installed in cooperation with the internal thread of the boss 601, and the installation position of the adjusting rod 5 can be adjusted by the thread. By adjusting the installation position of the adjusting rod 5, the compression amount of the compression spring 7 can be adjusted, and the internal initial pressure P of the first cylinder can be changed. L , the initial internal pressure P of the first cylinder L It can be displayed by the pressure gauge 9, so that hydraulic pipelines with different internal pressures can be matched to meet various usage scenarios.

[0080] The cover plate 8 and the inner wall of the first cylinder 1 are sealed and installed via a sealing ring 12 .

[0081] The connector 10 is connected to the hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic pipeline connects the hydraulic pump and the actuator. The actuator is used to convert the pressure generated by the hydraulic pump into mechanical energy. When the actuator is not working, no other hydraulic pressure is generated in the hydraulic pipeline. During the diving of the submersible, the sea water pressure will reduce the volume of the hydraulic oil inside the hydraulic pipeline. At this time, the piston 4 moves forward under the thrust of the compression spring 7 to compensate for the loss of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline; when the actuator is working, high pressure is generated in the hydraulic pipeline due to the action of the hydraulic pump. At this time, the piston 4 moves backward under the influence of the high pressure and moves to the side close to the compression spring 7. The step 3 is used to limit the piston 4 from continuing to move backward. The step 3 has a high structural strength, can support the movement of the piston 4, and can withstand the high pressure in the hydraulic pipeline transmitted by the piston 4 when the actuator is working.

[0082] A compensation method using the above pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment comprises the following steps:

[0083] S1. Determine the appropriate size of the hydraulic compensator according to the working environment of the submersible. In order to reduce the weight of the hydraulic compensator and reduce the amount of hydraulic oil carried, the maximum working pressure P of the hydraulic oil in the submersible should be H The minimum value of the cavity volume V2 formed by the first cylinder 1, the piston 4, the plastic block 11 and the cover plate 8 of the hydraulic compensator can be obtained by the compression rate e:

[0084] V2≥e·V1 / (1-e) (1)

[0085] Where V1 represents the total volume of the compensated hydraulic oil, and e represents the maximum working pressure P of the hydraulic oil in the submersible. H The compression rate under the condition of V2 represents the volume of the cavity formed by the first cylinder 1, the piston 4, the plastic block 11 and the cover plate 8 of the hydraulic compensator, that is, V2 represents the compensation volume of the hydraulic compensator;

[0086] In order to keep the compression spring 7 in a compressed state at all times, the maximum working compression amount H of the compression spring 7 must satisfy the following formula:

[0087] H≥ΔH1+H M (2)

[0088] Where ΔH1 represents the minimum compression of the compression spring 7, H M Indicates the maximum stroke of the piston 4;

[0089] The minimum compression amount ΔH1 of the compression spring 7 is:

[0090] ΔH1=(P0·π·r 2 ) / K (3)

[0091] Where P0 represents the initial internal pressure P of the first cylinder 1 allowed by the hydraulic compensator L The minimum pressure difference with the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected, r represents the bottom radius of the first cylinder 1, and K represents the spring stiffness;

[0092] S2. Assemble the hydraulic compensator, install the plastic block 11 into the piston cavity 402, and install the piston 4 in cooperation with the first cylinder 1. During the installation of the piston 4 and the first cylinder 1, the sealing of the piston 4 and the first cylinder 1 is ensured by the piston ring 407 and the seal 408;

[0093] S3. The cover plate 8 and the first cylinder 1 are installed by threaded fasteners, and a sealing ring 12 is provided between the inner wall of the cover plate 8 and the first cylinder 1 to ensure the sealing of the cover plate 8 and the first cylinder 1 during the use of the hydraulic compensator;

[0094] S4. Install the connector 10 to the middle of the cover plate 8, and install the pressure gauge 9 to the connector 10;

[0095] S5. The compression spring 7 is mounted on the first guide shaft 401 extending into the interior of the second cylinder 2;

[0096] S6. Install the adjusting rod 5 and the end cap 6 by threaded fit, and fasten the top of the mounting plate 602 with a nut;

[0097] S6.1. The adjusting shaft 503 is provided with an external thread, and the through hole in the middle of the end cover 6 is provided with an internal thread matching the adjusting shaft 503.

[0098] S7. The end cap 6 is installed with the fixing plate 201 through the threaded fastener. During the installation of the end cap 6, the boss 601 is located inside the second cylinder 2, and the second guide shaft 501 of the adjusting rod 5 is located inside the spring coil of the compression spring 7;

[0099] S8. Preparation before the submersible dives. The pressure gauge 9 can display the internal pressure value of the first cylinder 1. The end of the sealing connector 10 connected to the hydraulic pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the compression amount of the compression spring 7 through the adjusting rod 5 to make the initial pressure P inside the first cylinder 1 of the hydraulic compensator L The same as the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected, proceed to the next step after adjustment;

[0100] S9. Install the hydraulic compensator by connecting the hydraulic compensator to the hydraulic pipeline of the submersible actuator through the connector 10;

[0101] S10. The submersible dives to perform tasks. During the diving process of the submersible, the hydraulic compensator performs hydraulic compensation on the hydraulic pipeline according to the working state of the actuator and the pressure state of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline;

[0102] S10.1. When the actuator is not working, the compression rate e of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline will increase as the diving depth of the submersible increases. The piston 4 moves forward linearly inside the first cylinder 1 to push out the hydraulic oil inside the first cylinder 1. The compression spring 7 is always in a compressed state to push the piston 4 forward to compensate for the loss of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline due to the increase in external pressure during the diving process of the submersible;

[0103] S10.2. When the actuator is working, high pressure is generated in the hydraulic pipeline. Under the action of the high pressure, the piston 4 moves linearly backward until it presses against the step 3. The step 3 bears the high pressure in the hydraulic pipeline when the actuator is working.

[0104] The present embodiment provides a pipeline hydraulic compensator and compensation method suitable for deep-sea environments. By utilizing a piston 4 for oil compensation, the compensated device can be guaranteed to work normally in a high-pressure environment. The piston 4 is supported by a step 3 at the connection between the first cylinder 1 and the second cylinder 2, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic compensator can withstand the working high pressure of the actuator.

[0105] Embodiment 2:

[0106] This embodiment takes the hydraulic pipeline of the manual jettisoning mechanism carried on the submersible as an example. The hydraulic pipeline is made of a composite hose material, and provides a pipeline hydraulic compensator and compensation method suitable for deep sea environment, including the following steps:

[0107] S1. First, determine the minimum value of the cavity volume V2 formed by the first cylinder 1, the piston 4, the plastic block 11 and the cover plate 8 of the hydraulic compensator:

[0108] V2≥e·V1 / (1-e) (1)

[0109] Where V1 represents the total volume of the compensated hydraulic oil, and e represents the maximum working pressure P of the hydraulic oil in the submersible. H The compression rate under the condition of V2 represents the volume of the cavity formed by the first cylinder 1, the piston 4, the plastic block 11 and the cover plate 8 of the hydraulic compensator, that is, V2 represents the compensation volume of the hydraulic compensator;

[0110] S1.1. In this embodiment, when the target diving depth of the submersible is 4500 meters, the maximum working pressure of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline is 15MPa, the compression rate e of the hydraulic oil is 2%, and the total volume V1 of the compensated hydraulic oil is 5L. It can be obtained that the minimum value of the cavity volume V2 formed by the first cylinder 1, the piston 4, the plastic block 11 and the cover plate 8 of the hydraulic compensator is 102mL;

[0111] S1.2. Determine that the minimum value of the cavity volume V2 formed by the first cylinder 1, the piston 4, the plastic block 11 and the cover plate 8 is 102 mL;

[0112] S1.3. Determine the bottom radius r of the first cylinder 1 and the maximum stroke H of the piston 4 according to the following formula: M :

[0113] V2=π·r 2 ·H M (4)

[0114] Wherein, V2 represents the cavity volume formed by the first cylinder 1, piston 4, plastic block 11 and cover plate 8 of the hydraulic compensator, V2 is not less than 102mL. According to actual use requirements, the value of the bottom radius r of the first cylinder 1 is determined to be 25mm, then the maximum stroke H of the piston 4 is M The value of is 55mm, and the value of V2 is 108mL;

[0115] S1.4. In order for the hydraulic compensator to work properly, the compression spring 7 needs to be in a compressed state at all times, and the maximum working compression amount H of the compression spring 7 needs to satisfy the following formula:

[0116] H≥ΔH1+H M (2)

[0117] Where ΔH1 represents the minimum compression of the compression spring 7, H M Indicates the maximum stroke of the piston 4;

[0118] The minimum compression amount ΔH1 of the compression spring 7 is:

[0119] ΔH1=(P0·π·r 2 ) / K (3)

[0120] Where P0 represents the initial internal pressure P of the first cylinder 1 allowed by the hydraulic compensator L The minimum pressure difference with the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected, r represents the bottom radius of the first cylinder 1, and K represents the spring stiffness;

[0121] P0=0.5MPa,r=25mm,H M =55mm, the compression spring 7 is made of stainless steel, and the stiffness K of stainless steel is about 12N / mm. According to formula (2) and formula (3), the minimum compression amount ΔH1 of the compression spring 7 can be obtained to be 82mm, and the maximum working compression amount H is 137mm. At this time, the hydraulic compensator can meet the use requirements of this embodiment;

[0122] S2. Assemble the hydraulic compensator, install the plastic block 11 into the piston cavity 402, and install the piston 4 in cooperation with the first cylinder 1. During the installation of the piston 4 and the first cylinder 1, the sealing of the piston 4 and the first cylinder 1 is ensured by the piston ring 407 and the seal 408;

[0123] S3. The cover plate 8 and the first cylinder 1 are installed by threaded fasteners, and a sealing ring 12 is provided between the inner wall of the cover plate 8 and the first cylinder 1 to ensure the sealing of the cover plate 8 and the first cylinder 1 during the use of the hydraulic compensator;

[0124] S4. Install the connector 10 to the middle of the cover plate 8, and install the pressure gauge 9 to the connector 10;

[0125] S4.1. Using a three-way connector, the first connecting end of the connector 10 is connected to the cover plate 8, the second connecting end is connected to the pressure gauge 9, and the third connecting end is connected to the hydraulic pipeline;

[0126] S5. The compression spring 7 is mounted on the first guide shaft 401 extending into the interior of the second cylinder 2;

[0127] S6. Install the adjusting rod 5 and the end cap 6 by threaded fit, and fasten the top of the mounting plate 602 with a nut;

[0128] S6.1. The adjusting shaft 503 is provided with an external thread, and the through hole in the middle of the end cover 6 is provided with an internal thread matching the adjusting shaft 503.

[0129] S7. The end cap 6 is installed with the fixing plate 201 through the threaded fastener. During the installation of the end cap 6, the boss 601 is located inside the second cylinder 2, and the second guide shaft 501 of the adjusting rod 5 is located inside the spring coil of the compression spring 7;

[0130] S8. Preparation before the submersible dives. The pressure gauge 9 can display the internal pressure value of the first cylinder 1. The end of the sealing connector 10 connected to the hydraulic pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the compression amount of the compression spring 7 through the adjusting rod 5 to make the initial pressure P inside the first cylinder 1 of the hydraulic compensator L The same as the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected, proceed to the next step after adjustment;

[0131] S8.1. According to the pressure measuring device connected to the hydraulic pipeline, the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline is obtained, and the hydraulic compensator allows the initial pressure P inside the first cylinder 1 to be L The minimum pressure difference P0 with the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected is 0.5MPa;

[0132] S9 installs the hydraulic compensator, and installs the hydraulic compensator to the hydraulic pipeline of the submersible manual abandonment mechanism through the connector 10;

[0133] S9.1. According to the size of the hydraulic compensator obtained in step S1.3, the hydraulic compensation amount V2 is 108mL, which can meet the hydraulic oil compensation required by the manual jettisoning mechanism at a depth of 4500 meters in seawater;

[0134] S10. The submersible dives to perform tasks. During the diving process of the submersible, the hydraulic compensator performs hydraulic compensation on the hydraulic pipeline according to the working state of the manual jettisoning mechanism and the pressure state of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline. In this embodiment, the material of the first cylinder 1 and the second cylinder 2 is 45Mn alloy steel, and the material of the step 3 is also 45Mn alloy steel, which can withstand the high pressure in the hydraulic pipeline when the manual jettisoning mechanism is working;

[0135] S10.1. When the manual jettisoning mechanism is not working, the compression rate e of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline will increase as the diving depth of the submersible increases. The piston 4 moves forward linearly inside the first cylinder 1 to push out the hydraulic oil inside the first cylinder 1. The compression spring 7 is always in a compressed state to push the piston 4 forward to compensate for the loss of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline due to the increase in external pressure during the diving process of the submersible.

[0136] S10.2. When the manual jettisoning mechanism is working, high pressure is generated in the hydraulic pipeline. Under the action of the high pressure, the piston 4 moves linearly backward until it contacts the step 3. The step 3 bears the high pressure in the hydraulic pipeline when the actuator is working.

[0137] This embodiment takes the connecting hydraulic pipeline of the manual jettisoning mechanism on a submersible as an example, and specifically illustrates the core design dimensions of the hydraulic compensator and the specific hydraulic compensation method. It minimizes the weight and volume of the hydraulic compensator while ensuring the completion of the hydraulic compensation function, and is suitable for use scenarios where the actuator has a higher working pressure.

[0138] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any form of modification may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment, characterized by: The invention comprises a first cylinder (1) which is cylindrical and hollow inside, a piston (4) being arranged inside the first cylinder (1), a second cylinder (2) having a smaller diameter than the first cylinder (1) extending outward from the top end of the first cylinder (1), an end cover (6) being mounted on the top end of the second cylinder (2) via a fastener, a through hole being arranged in the middle of the end cover (6), an adjusting rod (5) being arranged through the through hole, the adjusting rod (5) extending into the inside of the second cylinder (2) through the through hole, and the adjusting rod (5) being located inside the second cylinder (2) (5) The end is connected to the piston (4) via a compression spring (7); a step (3) is formed between the first cylinder (1) and the second cylinder (2) to hinder the movement of the piston (4); a cover plate (8) is sealed at the bottom end of the first cylinder (1); a connector (10) is provided in the middle of the cover plate (8); the connector (10) is connected to the hydraulic pipeline and the interior of the first cylinder (1); a pressure gauge (9) is also provided at the output end of the connector (10); the pressure gauge (9) displays the pressure inside the first cylinder (1); The side end of the second cylinder (2) is evenly provided with a plurality of water-permeable holes (202) along the circumference, and the top end of the second cylinder (2) is provided with a fixing plate (201); the structure of the end cover (6) is as follows: it comprises a disc-shaped mounting plate (602), a cylindrical boss (601) is provided in the middle of the mounting plate (602), a through hole for mounting in cooperation with the adjusting rod (5) is provided in the middle of the boss (601), the interior of the through hole is processed with an internal thread, a plurality of mounting holes are evenly arranged around the circumference of the mounting plate (602), and the mounting plate (602) is mounted in cooperation with the fixing plate (201) through the mounting holes; The structure of the adjusting rod (5) is as follows: it comprises a disc-shaped guide plate (502), the top end of the guide plate (502) is provided with an adjusting shaft (503), the top end of the adjusting shaft (503) is provided with a fourth groove (504), the bottom end of the guide plate (502) is provided with a second guide shaft (501) mounted in cooperation with the compression spring (7), and the bottom end of the second guide shaft (501) is provided with a second cavity (505).

2. A pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the piston (4) is provided with a first guide shaft (401) mounted in cooperation with the compression spring (7); the middle portion of the top end of the first guide shaft (401) is provided with a first cavity (406); the middle portion of the bottom end of the piston (4) is provided with a piston cavity (402); the side ends of the piston (4) are provided with a first groove (403), a second groove (404) and a third groove (405) along the circumference; piston rings (407) are provided inside the first groove (403) and the third groove (405); and a sealing member (408) is provided inside the second groove (404).

3. A pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of the piston cavity (402) is filled with a plastic block (11).

4. A pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The cover plate (8) and the inner wall of the first cylinder (1) are sealed and installed via a sealing ring (12).

5. A compensation method using the pipeline hydraulic compensator suitable for deep sea environment as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the appropriate size of the hydraulic compensator according to the working environment of the submersible, and the maximum working pressure P of the hydraulic oil in the submersible. H The minimum value of the cavity volume V2 formed by the first cylinder (1), the piston (4), the plastic block (11) and the cover plate (8) of the hydraulic compensator can be obtained by taking the compression rate e as follows: V2 ≥ e·V1 / (1-e) Where: V1 represents the total volume of the compensated hydraulic oil; V2 represents the volume of the cavity formed by the first cylinder (1), the piston (4), the plastic block (11) and the cover plate (8) of the hydraulic compensator, that is, V2 represents the compensation volume of the hydraulic compensator; e represents the maximum working pressure of the hydraulic oil in the submersible H The compression ratio under In order to keep the compression spring (7) in a compressed state at all times, the maximum working compression H of the compression spring (7) must satisfy the following formula: H≥ΔH1+H M Where; ΔH1 represents the minimum compression amount of the compression spring (7); H M represents the maximum stroke of the piston (4); The minimum compression ΔH1 of the compression spring (7) is: ΔH1=(P0·π·r 2 ) / K Where: P0 represents the initial internal pressure P of the first cylinder (1) allowed by the hydraulic compensator L Minimum pressure difference with the internal pressure of the hydraulic line to be connected; r represents the bottom radius of the first cylinder (1); K represents the spring stiffness; π represents the ratio of circumference to circumference, which is 3.14; S2. Assemble the hydraulic compensator, install the plastic block (11) into the piston cavity (402), and install the piston (4) and the first cylinder (1) in cooperation. During the installation process of the piston (4) and the first cylinder (1), the sealing of the piston (4) and the first cylinder (1) is ensured by the piston ring (407) and the sealing member (408); S3. The cover plate (8) and the first cylinder (1) are mounted by means of threaded fasteners, and a sealing ring (12) is provided between the cover plate (8) and the inner wall of the first cylinder (1); S4. Install the connector (10) to the middle of the cover plate (8), and install the pressure gauge (9) to the connector (10); S5. Install the compression spring (7) onto the first guide shaft (401) extending into the interior of the second cylinder (2); S6. Install the adjusting rod (5) and the end cover (6) by threaded engagement, and fasten them with a nut at the top of the mounting plate (602); S7. The end cover (6) is mounted on the fixing plate (201) by means of a threaded fastener. During the mounting process of the end cover (6), the boss (601) is located inside the second cylinder (2), and the second guide shaft (501) of the adjustment rod (5) is located inside the spring coil of the compression spring (7); S8. Preparation before the submersible dives. The pressure gauge (9) can display the internal pressure value of the first cylinder (1). The end of the sealing connector (10) connected to the hydraulic pipeline is used to adjust the compression amount of the compression spring (7) through the adjustment rod (5) so that the initial pressure P inside the first cylinder (1) of the hydraulic compensator is L The same as the internal pressure of the hydraulic pipeline to be connected, proceed to the next step after adjustment; S9. Install the hydraulic compensator by installing the hydraulic compensator on the hydraulic pipeline of the submersible actuator through the connector (10); S10. The submersible dives to perform the mission. During the diving process of the submersible, the hydraulic compensator performs hydraulic compensation on the hydraulic pipeline according to the working state of the actuator and the pressure state of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline.

6. The compensation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the actuator is not working, the compression rate e of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline increases as the diving depth of the submersible increases, the piston (4) moves forward linearly inside the first cylinder (1) to push out the hydraulic oil inside the first cylinder (1), and the compression spring (7) is always in a compressed state to push the piston (4) forward to compensate for the loss of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline due to the increase in external pressure during the diving process of the submersible; When the actuator is working, high pressure is generated in the hydraulic pipeline. Under the action of the high pressure, the piston (4) moves linearly backward until it contacts the step (3). The step (3) withstands the high pressure in the hydraulic pipeline when the actuator is working.

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