A method for integrated pest control of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under forests

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for integrated pest control of simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forest. Simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forest is carried out in spring, and pest survey is carried out after planting to monitor the insect population and damage. When the number of pests reaches 3-5, sticking and / or trapping prevention and control measures are adopted; when the number of pests reaches 6-7 or more, a sleeve with a screen is made and installed, and a sleeve protection measure with a screen is adopted, or directly when the ganoderma lucidum buds just sprout, a sleeve protection measure with a screen is adopted, and the growth of ganoderma lucidum is observed through the screen, and the sleeve position is adjusted after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested. When the second batch of ganoderma lucidum sprouts, the sleeve protection with a screen is re-adopted, and the growth of ganoderma lucidum is observed through the screen, and the sleeve position is adjusted after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested. The sleeve protection measure with a screen can be used repeatedly for many years. The present invention has a high success rate, is simple and practical, and can be applied to simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forests such as artificial forests.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of economical planting under forests and integrated pest control, and specifically relates to a method for integrated pest control of simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forests. Background technology:

[0002] The cultivation of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum under the forest is a high-input and high-return under-forest cultivation model with a short investment cycle and fast harvest. It can be harvested in the same year of planting; it has good economic benefits and a long harvest period. Except for the first year of planting, which requires more manpower and material resources, the post-planting management measures are few and simple. With the rapid development of urbanization in my country, the agricultural and forestry labor force in rural areas has been greatly reduced. The cultivation of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum under the forest is a forest management model with relatively good economic and ecological benefits. In recent years, the scale and area of ​​planting have been continuously expanded, but the damage and integrated prevention and control technology of pests and diseases are seriously lacking. At present, most of the forests that can be used for under-forest planting in my country are artificial forests or agroforestry composite lands, with relatively simple forest stand structure, low biodiversity, simple food web structure, and high incidence of pests and diseases. Traditional agricultural and forestry planting mostly adopts chemical control, and pesticides are usually used in large quantities for prevention and control when pests and diseases occur. Ganoderma lucidum is a large fungus that can be used as both medicine and food. Especially as a product with high medicinal value and added value, the use of pesticides will inevitably produce a large amount of pesticide residues. According to preliminary monitoring, the main pests and diseases of wild-like Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest include noctuid moths (such as beet armyworm), flies (flies, fruit flies) of Diptera, chrysomelidae pests and mollusks (snails, slugs), etc. In particular, the larvae of Diptera and Lepidoptera feed on the tender part of the fruiting body, leaving a large amount of black feces under the cap. In severe cases, the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is completely hollowed out, causing great losses to the cultivation under the forest. Summary of the invention:

[0003] The present invention aims at the difficult problems of integrated pest control and excellent quality assurance in the process of planting simulated wild ganoderma lucidum under forests, and through pest survey before planting, pest monitoring and management during the planting process, physical control by (sticky) trapping when the harm is low, and casing protection when the pest is serious, and other graded and comprehensive protection measures, to provide a method for integrated pest control of simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forests, and to integrate graded and comprehensive prevention and control through comprehensive monitoring, (sticky) trapping, isolation and protection methods and measures, to provide a method for integrated pest control of simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forests.

[0004] This method uses trapping and casing isolation protection to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest. In addition to ensuring that no pesticides are used in the entire process of the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest and producing pollution-free and high-quality Ganoderma lucidum products, it can also reduce rain erosion, muddy water splashing and dust pollution, further improving the quality and product value of Ganoderma lucidum. Due to the increased protection, a condition for collecting and producing high-quality spore powder is provided, which can increase the output value of spore powder. It not only effectively prevents diseases and insect pests and improves product quality, but can also be used to collect high-quality spore powder. It is an excellent method for the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest and the quality and efficiency of the forest economy.

[0005] The present invention is specifically implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention discloses an integrated pest control method for under-forest simulated wild ganoderma cultivation, which applies integrated pest monitoring and control to under-forest simulated wild ganoderma cultivation and is used for under-forest simulated wild ganoderma cultivation in artificial forests or composite agroforestry land.

[0007] The method for integrated pest control of simulated wild ganoderma lucidum planting under forests of the present invention comprises the following steps: planting simulated wild ganoderma lucidum under forests in spring, conducting pest survey after planting, monitoring insect population and damage, and adopting sticking and / or trapping prevention and control measures when the number of insects reaches 3-5; when the number of insects reaches more than 6-7, making and installing a casing with a screen, adopting the casing with the screen as a protective measure, or directly adopting the casing with the screen as a protective measure when the ganoderma lucidum buds just sprout, observing the growth of ganoderma lucidum through the screen, adjusting the position of the casing after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested, and adopting the casing with the screen as a protective measure again after the second batch of ganoderma lucidum buds sprout, observing the growth of ganoderma lucidum through the screen, adjusting the position of the casing after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested, and the casing with the screen as a protective measure can be repeatedly used for many years.

[0008] Preferably, a survey of plantation land for pests and diseases can be conducted before planting. The specific methods are as follows:

[0009] 1) Sticky trapping method: set up 2-3 spots in the middle and around the planted forest, hang sticky insect boards, and observe the number and types of insects on the sticky insect boards after 1-2 days;

[0010] 2) Pesticide trapping survey method: set up 2-3 points in the middle and surrounding areas of the planted forest, hang empty mineral water bottles and spray them with sticky bait to trap, and observe the number and type of insects on the bottles after 1-2 days;

[0011] 3) Light trapping survey method: Place 1-2 black lights in the planted forest, trap at night, and observe the number and type of trapped insects on the second day.

[0012] Preferably, the method of conducting the pest and disease investigation is the same as the pest and disease investigation of the plantation forest land that can be conducted before planting.

[0013] The aforementioned planting of wild Ganoderma lucidum under the forest in spring is carried out in a planting area that is first selected from a forest land with convenient transportation and no pollution. The planting area is demarcated as follows:

[0014] 1) Near large-scale fruit and vegetable planting areas, at least 10 kilometers away, with mountains or forests in between;

[0015] 2) Near farms, garbage dumps, slaughterhouses and other pollution sources that are prone to breeding mosquitoes and flies, at least 20 kilometers away, with mountains and forests in between;

[0016] 3) Pest and disease surveys have revealed areas with high populations of fruit flies, houseflies and armyworms that are at least 10 kilometers away and are blocked by mountains or forests.

[0017] About 2 weeks after Ganoderma lucidum is planted, depending on the weather conditions, if the temperature is suitable and the rainfall is sufficient, it will generally begin to germinate in about 2 weeks, and yellow-brown growth points, as big as soybeans, will appear, indicating that there is pest damage. The damage is most serious from the germination of the buds to the rapid growth period of the cap (about 1 month), and prevention and control is the most critical.

[0018] The sticking and / or trapping prevention and control measures described above can use sticky insect boards, with one sticky insect board hung every 3-5 meters; when the number of sticky insect board trapping openings is large, a sticking and trapping method can be used, with one set every 5 meters, inserted into a 40cm PVC pipe, an empty mineral water bottle with the label and cover torn off, insect sticky traps evenly sprayed all around, and the bottle inserted upside down on the PVC pipe for trapping and killing.

[0019] The protective measures of the casing with a screen include:

[0020] Casing material selection:

[0021] 1) It is not advisable to use easily deformed and soft materials, including various paper bags, plastic bags, non-woven bags, nylon mesh bags, etc.;

[0022] 2) It is not advisable to use hard metal materials that are prone to rust, corrosion, or contain heavy metals;

[0023] 3) Suitable for hard, non-deformable materials such as original bamboo, wood, PVC, plastic, etc. that are not easy to decompose;

[0024] The production method and requirements of the casing are as follows:

[0025] 1) The bottom diameter of the casing must be more than 200mm;

[0026] 2) The casing height must be above 15cm;

[0027] 3) The diameter of the upper opening should be the same as or slightly smaller than that of the bottom, preferably about 150-200mm;

[0028] 4) Use a nylon screen of about 20 meshes, cut into small pieces, cover the pipe opening, leave about 10cm around the pipe opening, and make sure it is of the right size and can be tied and fixed with a cable tie or rope;

[0029] Casing installation: Insert the prepared casing into the soil 0.5-1.0cm, leaving no gaps around it, and try to place the mushroom buds in the middle. If you encounter mushroom sticks or other hard objects, use a little soil to level them to ensure that there is no gap between the bottom and the soil.

[0030] The inner wall of the sleeve should be kept clean during installation, and dust and other debris adhered during the production process should be cleaned.

[0031] The sleeve is installed at a time when the mushroom buds are just sprouting, the size of a thumb, and appear grayish white, and when the mushroom caps begin to open to the size of 2 thumbs.

[0032] The growth of Ganoderma lucidum is observed through the screen, and the position of the sleeve is adjusted after 1-2 weeks. When it is found that the growth of the cap is blocked or the cap grows to one side, the position is appropriately adjusted to always keep the Ganoderma lucidum in the middle position.

[0033] The above-mentioned process of harvesting the Ganoderma lucidum can be carried out in batches for multiple times. The best harvesting period is when a large number of spores have just been released. The harvesting should not exceed 1 week in the dry season and 1-2 days in the rainy season. In case of rain, the harvesting should be carried out in advance to prevent the spores from breeding mold.

[0034] After the second batch of ganoderma lucidum sprouts, cover it with a casing for protection again, the method is the same as above, the casing can be reused until the casing or nylon screen is damaged, and it can be used again after replacing the material. This method ensures the normal growth of ganoderma lucidum planted in the forest, free from the harm of diseases and insect pests, and also reduces the pollution of muddy water splashing and dust in rainy days, improves the quality and cleanliness of ganoderma lucidum, and also provides a condition for collecting and producing high-quality spore powder. In addition to producing high-quality ganoderma lucidum, it can also be used to collect clean spore powder.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] The simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum under the forest is planted during the rapid growth period of buds and fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies are tender and slippery, secrete a lot of mucus, and have a smell of decay, which easily attracts insects to bite and lay eggs on the fruiting bodies. The larvae feed on the Ganoderma lucidum. The damaged Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated at room temperature, and a large number of adults can be hatched in 2-3 weeks. The main insect pests are identified as flies, fruit flies and moths, among which fruit flies and moths are the most numerous. Their adults can lay eggs from the bud germination to the fruiting body growth stage. The young and tender parts of the fruiting bodies are densely covered with larvae. In severe cases, the number of larvae in one fruiting body can reach dozens, which can completely bore the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body. In addition, a large amount of black insect feces remains at the bottom of the cap, polluting the bottom of the Ganoderma lucidum and making it black, greatly reducing the commodity value of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0037] The integrated pest control of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum under the forest was carried out. The control group was 100% free of pests without integrated control measures (casing), and the Ganoderma lucidum completely lost its commercial value, with an output value of almost 0. The pest rate in spring and summer reached 100% with only sticky trapping and trapping methods, and the average number of insect holes per Ganoderma lucidum could reach 11.4 ( Figure 4 A), the damage is also extremely serious; the forest land about 1-2 kilometers away in a straight line, the damage rate is still as high as 44.8%, and the average number of insect holes per Ganoderma lucidum is 1.4, and the damage is still serious. With the adoption of comprehensive prevention and control measures (casing), the Ganoderma lucidum planted under the economic fruit forest has 0 insect pests, the Ganoderma lucidum yield is 60kg / mu, and the output value is about 24,000 yuan / mu / year; the Ganoderma lucidum planted under the Acacia mangium plantation has an insect pest rate of about 2%, the Ganoderma lucidum yield is about 65kg / mu, and the output value is about 26,000 yuan / mu / year. The comprehensive prevention and control effect is good, and the Ganoderma lucidum produced is of good quality, with basically no sediment on the upper and lower surfaces, and the spores will not be scattered everywhere. The spore powder collected on the surface of the cap can reach up to 0.5 grams / Ganoderma lucidum, which can also provide a condition for collecting and producing high-quality spore powder.

[0038] The present invention can greatly reduce the damage caused by pests and diseases and improve the quality and commodity value of Ganoderma lucidum by carrying out comprehensive pest control on the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest. The technology does not affect the normal growth of Ganoderma lucidum, maintains the normal planting benefits, and can greatly reduce the splashing of mud and water and dust pollution, etc., the cleanliness of the produced Ganoderma lucidum is good, and the commodity value and benefits are improved. At the same time, effective protection is also formed. After maturity, the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder spraying is mostly concentrated around the cap, which is easy to collect, and is dust-free and sand-free. It can provide a technical method for the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest, the forest economy and the sustainable management of forests. This method has a high success rate, is simple and practical, and is easy to promote. It can be applied to the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest such as artificial forests, has good application prospects and development potential, and provides a new method for the development of high-quality products in the forest economy and the sustainable management of forestry. Description of the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the effect of the soft material experiment on simulating wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the effect of casing comprehensive protection test;

[0041] Figure 3 Illustration of the integrated pest and disease control for the simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the products harvested from the integrated pest control of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest. A is the first batch of Ganoderma lucidum in the economic fruit forest, and B is the second batch of Ganoderma lucidum in the economic fruit forest. Specific implementation method:

[0043] The following is a comprehensive analysis of the pest and disease control of wild Ganoderma lucidum plantations under fruit forests and Acacia mangium plantations, and a specific application case analysis of the present invention. This is only a preferred implementation case of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any person familiar with this profession may use the technical content described above to change it into other equivalent implementation cases. Any simple modification or change made according to the technical content of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Integrated pest control of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under a fruit forest in a research base

[0046] 1. In spring (March), simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum was planted under the forest in the fruit forest (jackfruit tree). About 2 weeks after planting, the mushroom buds began to germinate. About 60% of the mushroom sticks germinated in 20 days, and the height was about 3-5cm.

[0047] Before planting, conduct a survey of plantation land for pests and diseases. The specific methods are as follows:

[0048] 1) Sticky trapping method: set up 2-3 spots in the middle and around the planted forest, hang sticky insect boards, and observe the number and types of insects on the sticky insect boards after 1-2 days;

[0049] 2) Pesticide trapping survey method: set up 2-3 points in the middle and surrounding areas of the planted forest, hang empty mineral water bottles and spray them with sticky bait to trap, and observe the number and type of insects on the bottles after 1-2 days;

[0050] 3) Light trapping survey method: Place 1-2 black lights in the planted forest, trap at night, and observe the number and type of trapped insects on the second day.

[0051] 2. The mushroom cap begins to open about 7-10 days after the buds germinate. The mushroom caps open and grow gradually. At this time, the mushroom caps are the most tender and fragile, and insect pests are the most serious.

[0052] 3. About 40 days after planting, about one-third of the caps were affected by insect pests. With heavy rainfall, pests and diseases were particularly serious.

[0053] 4. One month after planting, carry out pest survey (the method is the same as the pest survey of the planted forest before planting) and prevention and control. When the number of pests reaches 3-5, adopt (sticky) trapping control measures. Adopt the sticky trapping method: hang yellow sticky insect boards every 5m in the surrounding area and planting area to trap fruit flies and moths (most insects can be caught); adopt the trapping method: hang empty mineral water bottles every 5m in the planting area, insert 40cm PVC pipes, tear off the labels and caps of empty mineral water bottles, spray insect sticky traps evenly around, insert them upside down on the PVC pipe, and trap and kill. Most of the caught ones are adult fruit flies. Both methods can be used for general protection and are used to reduce the number of insects in the breeding season, but they cannot completely prevent and control serious pests, especially when the number of pests reaches 6-7 or more. The incidence of Ganoderma lucidum pests can still be as high as 100%.

[0054] 5. One week after the mushroom sticks sprouted, the traditional bagging method was used for protection, such as Figure 1 As shown, nylon mesh bags, non-imitation cloth bags, and paper bags (specifications 20cm×30cm) were selected. The Ganoderma lucidum caps were adhered to the bags in 2-3 days, and the caps grew out of the bags after 1 week, without any protective effect. This shows that the general bagging method cannot be used to prevent and control Ganoderma lucidum diseases and pests.

[0055] 6. About 3 months after planting, the Ganoderma lucidum matures and is harvested. The incidence of pests and diseases is 100%, and about 20% of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are completely hollowed out. A large amount of black insect feces remains at the bottom of the cap, contaminating the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, and the bottom of the cap is black.

[0056] 7. About 2 weeks after the first batch of Ganoderma lucidum is harvested, when the second batch of buds sprout, use hard material to make casing for disease and insect pest control. The materials include PVC pipes (diameter 160mm, 200mm) or plastic flower pots (diameter 200-220mm). The lower opening is inserted into the soil about 5-10mm, and the upper covering material is nylon screen (10 mesh, 20 mesh) and non-imitation cloth.

[0057] 8. How to make a PVC sleeve: Cut the PVC pipe into pieces with a height of about 15cm, rinse it with water, cut the nylon mesh or non-woven fabric into small pieces of 30cm×30cm, cover the open end of the PVC pipe with the nylon mesh or non-woven fabric, and tie it up with a tie or rope for later use. How to make a plastic flower pot sleeve: Buy a plastic flower pot with a diameter of about 200mm, cut off the bottom of the flower pot, cut the nylon mesh to cover the open end of the flower pot, and then tie it up with a tie or rope for later use.

[0058] 9. Install the casing or flower pot. Gently insert the prepared casing or flower pot into the soil around the mushroom buds by 0.5-1.0 cm, leaving no gaps around. Try to place the mushroom buds in the middle. Add a little soil to level the mushroom sticks or other hard objects to ensure that there is no gap between the bottom and the soil. Figure 2 and 3The sleeve is installed at a time when the mushroom buds are just sprouting, the size of a thumb, and appear grayish white, and when the mushroom caps begin to open to the size of 2 thumbs.

[0059] 10. After the casing or flower pot is installed, regularly observe the growth of Ganoderma lucidum and the damage caused by diseases and insect pests through the screen. The casing covered with non-imitation cloth has poor light transmittance and is not easy to see clearly, so it needs to be removed for observation. After 2-3 weeks, the growth of Ganoderma lucidum covered with non-imitation cloth is hindered, and it only grows upward without opening the cover until the top growth point contacts the non-imitation cloth, and then grows through the non-imitation cloth. The diameter of the 160mm PVC casing is too small. After 3-4 weeks, the cap has grown to the PVC pipe wall, and the growth is hindered.

[0060] 11. Observe the growth of Ganoderma lucidum every week. If the growth of the cap is found to be obstructed, adjust the position of the sleeve appropriately to keep the cap in the middle position.

[0061] 12. Keep the casing until the Ganoderma lucidum is ripe for harvest, then remove the casing to harvest the Ganoderma lucidum.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Integrated pest control of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under a certain research base in Acacia mangium forest

[0064] 1. In spring (March), wild Ganoderma lucidum was planted under the Acacia mangium plantation. About 2 weeks after planting, the mushroom buds began to germinate. About 60% of the mushroom sticks germinated in 20 days, and the height was about 3-5 cm.

[0065] Before planting, conduct a survey of plantation land for pests and diseases. The specific methods are as follows:

[0066] 1) Sticky trapping method: set up 2-3 spots in the middle and around the planted forest, hang sticky insect boards, and observe the number and types of insects on the sticky insect boards after 1-2 days;

[0067] 2) Pesticide trapping survey method: set up 2-3 points in the middle and surrounding areas of the planted forest, hang empty mineral water bottles and spray them with sticky bait to trap, and observe the number and type of insects on the bottles after 1-2 days;

[0068] 3) Light trapping survey method: Place 1-2 black lights in the planted forest, trap at night, and observe the number and type of trapped insects on the second day.

[0069] 2. The mushroom cap begins to open about 7-15 days after the buds germinate. The mushroom caps open and grow gradually. At this time, the mushroom caps are the most tender and fragile, and insect pests are the most serious.

[0070] 3. After about 40 days of investigation and monitoring, most of the caps were affected by insect pests. With heavy rainfall, pests and diseases were particularly serious.

[0071] 4. One month after planting, carry out pest survey (the method is the same as the pest survey of the planted forest before planting) and prevention and control. When the number of pests reaches 3-5, adopt (sticky) trapping control measures. Adopt the sticky trapping method: hang yellow sticky insect boards every 5m in the surrounding area and planting area to trap fruit flies and moths (most insects can be caught); adopt the trapping method: hang empty mineral water bottles every 5m in the planting area, insert 40cm PVC pipes, tear off the labels and caps of empty mineral water bottles, spray insect sticky traps evenly around, insert them upside down on the PVC pipe, and trap and kill. Most of the caught ones are adult fruit flies. Both methods can be used for general protection and are used to reduce the number of insects in the breeding season, but they cannot completely prevent and control serious pests, especially when the number of pests reaches 6-7 or more. The incidence of Ganoderma lucidum pests can still be as high as 100%.

[0072] 5. One week after the mushroom sticks sprout, use bagging for protection. Choose nylon mesh bags, non-imitation cloth bags, and paper bags (specifications 20cm×30cm). The Ganoderma lucidum cap will stick to the bag in 2-3 days. After one week, the cap will grow out of the bag. The incidence of diseases and pests remains unchanged, indicating that the general bagging method cannot be used to prevent and control Ganoderma lucidum diseases and pests.

[0073] 6. After about 3 months, the Ganoderma lucidum matures and is harvested. The incidence of pests and diseases is 100%, and about 20% of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are hollowed out. A large amount of black insect feces remains at the bottom of the cap, contaminating the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, and the bottom of the cap is black.

[0074] 7. About 2 weeks after the first batch of Ganoderma lucidum is harvested, when the second batch of buds sprout, use hard material to make casing for disease and insect pest control. The selected materials include PVC pipes (200mm) and plastic flower pots (diameter 200-220mm). The lower end is inserted into the soil about 5-10mm, and the upper covering material is nylon screen (20 mesh).

[0075] 8. How to make a PVC casing: Cut the PVC pipe into pieces about 15cm in height, rinse it with water, cut the nylon mesh into 30cm×30cm pieces, cover the open end of the PVC pipe with the nylon mesh, and tie it up with a tie or rope for later use. How to make a plastic flower pot casing: Buy a plastic flower pot with a diameter of about 200mm, cut off the bottom of the flower pot, cut the nylon mesh to cover the open end of the flower pot, and then tie it up with a tie or rope for later use.

[0076] 9. Install the casing or flower pot. Gently insert the prepared casing or flower pot into the soil around the mushroom buds by 0.5-1.0cm, leaving no gaps around. Try to place the mushroom buds in the middle. Add a little soil to level the mushroom sticks or other hard objects to ensure that there is no gap between the bottom and the soil. The time for installing the casing is from when the mushroom buds just sprout, the size of a thumb, and appear grayish white to when the mushroom caps begin to open to the size of 2 thumbs.

[0077] 10. After the casing is installed, regularly observe the growth of Ganoderma lucidum and the damage caused by diseases and pests through the screen. Observe the growth of Ganoderma lucidum every week. If the growth of the cap is found to be hindered, adjust the position of the casing appropriately to keep the cap in the middle position.

[0078] 11. Keep the casing until the Ganoderma lucidum is ripe for harvest, and then remove the casing to harvest the Ganoderma lucidum.

[0079] No prevention and control measures were taken for the first batch of Ganoderma lucidum. They were planted under the fruit trees and Acacia mangium forests. The pest rate reached 100%, and about 30-40% of the caps were completely hollowed out. The harvest yield was about 65kg / mu. However, even after being washed and dried, the bottom was still dark brown (Figure 4), losing its commercial value. For the second batch of Ganoderma lucidum, integrated pest control was started. Yellow sticky insect boards were used in the fruit trees, with an average of 16 insects caught, including 12 fruit flies, 3 moths, and 2 flies; 43 insects were caught with insect attractants, all of which were fruit flies. Yellow sticky insect boards were used in the Acacia mangium forest, with an average of 16 insects caught, including 12 fruit flies, 4 moths, and 5 others; 58 insects were caught with insect attractants, all of which were fruit flies. Yellow sticky insect boards can prevent a variety of pests. Although insect attractants have a good trapping effect, they are only effective in preventing fruit flies. Even if the two methods are used at the same time, they cannot completely prevent the damage of pests and diseases. In the control group (without casing), more than 80% of the Ganoderma lucidum is still affected by pests. After casing, whether it is the Acacia mangium forest or the economic fruit forest, the pest rate is only about 2%, which can effectively prevent and control Ganoderma lucidum diseases and pests. It does not affect the normal growth of Ganoderma lucidum. The yield of Ganoderma lucidum planted under the economic fruit forest is about 60kg / mu, and the output value is about 24,000 yuan / mu / year; the yield of Ganoderma lucidum planted under the Acacia mangium forest is about 65kg / mu, and the output value is about 26,000 yuan / mu / year. No chemical agents (insecticides, fungicides and environmental disinfection) are used to produce high-quality and residue-free Ganoderma lucidum products. In addition, about 84% of the Ganoderma lucidum caps planted under the economic fruit forest are rich in spore powder ( Figure 4 B), about 82% of the Ganoderma lucidum caps under the Mazhan forest are rich in spore powder, and the amount of spore powder accounts for about 0.4-0.5% of the total weight of Ganoderma lucidum. At most, 0.5 grams of spore powder can be collected from each Ganoderma lucidum cap (the collection rate is less than 20%). Based on 1,000 caps per mu, the spore powder yield per mu is about 2,500 grams, which increases the output value of spore powder. The produced Ganoderma lucidum has high cleanliness, reduces soil splashing and dust pollution, etc. It can provide technical methods for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the cultivation of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum under the forest and the sustainable management of inefficient artificial forests. This method has a high success rate, simple operation, easy promotion, a wide range of applications, and has good application prospects and development potential.

[0080] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated pest control of simulated wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation under forests, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: planting simulated wild ganoderma lucidum under forest in spring, conducting pest and disease investigation after planting, monitoring the insect population and damage, and adopting sticking and / or trapping prevention and control measures when the number of pests reaches 3-5; when the number of pests reaches 6-7 or more, making and installing casings with screens, adopting casings with screens as protection measures, observing the growth of ganoderma lucidum through the screens, adjusting the positions of casings after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested, and adopting casings with screens as protection measures again after the second batch of ganoderma lucidum buds, observing the growth of ganoderma lucidum through the screens, adjusting the positions of casings after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested, and adopting casings with screens as protection measures again after the second batch of ganoderma lucidum buds, observing the growth of ganoderma lucidum through the screens, and adjusting the positions of casings after 1-2 weeks until the ganoderma lucidum is harvested. The casings with screens as protection measures can be used repeatedly for many years; Before planting, conduct a survey of plantation land for pests and diseases. The specific methods are as follows: 1) Sticky trapping method: set up 2-3 spots in the middle and around the planted forest, hang sticky insect boards, and observe the number and types of insects on the sticky insect boards after 1-2 days; 2) Pesticide trapping survey method: set up 2-3 spots in the middle and surrounding areas of the planted forest, hang empty mineral water bottles and spray them with sticky bait to trap, and observe the number and type of insects on the bottles after 1-2 days; 3) Light trapping survey method: Place 1-2 black lights in the planted forest, trap at night, and observe the number and type of trapped insects on the second day; The method of conducting pest and disease investigation after planting is the same as that of conducting pest and disease investigation on planted forest land before planting; The sticking and / or trapping control measures described above can use sticky insect boards, and one sticky insect board can be hung every 3-5 meters; when the number of sticky insect boards with insect traps is large, a sticking and trapping method can be used, and one is set every 5 meters, and a 40cm PVC pipe is inserted. An empty mineral water bottle is used to tear off the label and cover, and the insect sticky trap is evenly sprayed around, and the sticky insect trap is inserted upside down on the PVC pipe for trapping; The protective measures of the casing with a screen include: Casing material selection: 1) Do not use easily deformed and soft materials, including various paper bags, plastic bags, non-woven bags, and nylon mesh bags; 2) Do not use hard metal materials that are prone to rust, corrosion, or contain heavy metals; 3) Use hard, non-deformable materials such as original bamboo, wood, PVC, and plastic that are not easily decomposed; The production method and requirements of the casing are as follows: 1) The bottom diameter of the casing is required to be more than 200mm; 2) The casing height must be above 15cm; 3) The diameter of the upper opening is 150-200mm; 4) Use a 20-mesh nylon screen, cut into small pieces, cover the pipe opening, leave 10cm around the pipe opening, and make sure it is of the right size and can be tied and fixed with a cable tie or rope; Casing installation: Insert the prepared casing into the soil 0.5-1.0cm, leaving no gaps around it, and try to place the mushroom buds in the middle. If you encounter mushroom sticks or other hard objects, use a little soil to level them to ensure that there is no gap between the bottom and the soil.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The aforementioned wild Ganoderma lucidum cultivation is carried out under the forest in spring. The planting area is selected from a forest land with convenient transportation and no pollution. The planting area is demarcated as follows: 1) Near large-scale fruit and vegetable planting areas, at least 10 kilometers away, with mountains or forests in between; 2) Near farms, garbage dumps, slaughterhouses and other pollution sources that are prone to breeding mosquitoes and flies, at least 20 kilometers away, with mountains and forests in between; 3) Pest and disease surveys have revealed areas with high populations of fruit flies, houseflies and armyworms that are at least 10 kilometers away and are blocked by mountains or forests.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner wall of the sleeve should be kept clean during installation, and dust and other debris adhered during the production process should be cleaned.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve is installed when the mushroom buds just sprout, are the size of a thumb and appear grayish white, and when the mushroom caps begin to open to the size of 2 thumbs.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The growth of Ganoderma lucidum is observed through the screen, and the position of the sleeve is adjusted after 1-2 weeks. When it is found that the growth of the cap is blocked or the cap grows to one side, the position is appropriately adjusted to always keep the Ganoderma lucidum in the middle position.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The above process is to harvest the Ganoderma lucidum in batches for multiple times. The best harvesting period is when a large number of spores have just been released. The harvesting period should not exceed 1 week in the dry season and 1-2 days in the rainy season. In case of rain, the harvesting should be carried out in advance to prevent the spores from breeding mold.

Images